CN111141672B - Test device and method for testing corrosion performance of metal material solid/liquid jump zone - Google Patents
Test device and method for testing corrosion performance of metal material solid/liquid jump zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN111141672B CN111141672B CN202010072382.4A CN202010072382A CN111141672B CN 111141672 B CN111141672 B CN 111141672B CN 202010072382 A CN202010072382 A CN 202010072382A CN 111141672 B CN111141672 B CN 111141672B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/02—Electrochemical measuring systems for weathering, corrosion or corrosion-protection measurement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/004—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/006—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light of metals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of corrosion tests, and particularly relates to a test device and a method for testing the corrosion performance of a solid/liquid jump zone of a metal material. The device comprises a box body, a sample rack, an illumination system, a spraying system and a solid detection system; the box body is divided into two parts by the glass fiber mesh cloth and the semipermeable membrane, a solid simulation unit is arranged on one side of the box body, a liquid simulation unit is arranged on the other side of the box body, a solid is filled in the solid simulation unit, and liquid is injected into the liquid simulation unit; the illumination system and the spraying system are arranged on the upper part of the solid simulation unit, and the solid detection system monitors solids; the simulation sample is placed on a sample rack, one part of the sample rack is positioned in a solid simulation unit, and the other part of the sample rack is positioned in a liquid simulation unit, so that the corrosion of a macro cell of the metal sample is formed; the illumination system simulates sunlight irradiation of an actual service environment, the spraying system adjusts the water content of the simulated environment, and then the concentration and distribution of solid salt are adjusted, so that the actual service environment of the cross-solid and liquid pipeline is simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of corrosion tests, and particularly relates to a test device and a method for testing the corrosion performance of a solid/liquid jump zone of a metal material.
Background
Along with the increasing of the exploitation strength of offshore oil and gas fields, more and more pipelines cross over land and ocean, part of pipelines are located in the land, and part of pipelines are located in seawater, so that the macro-battery is corroded due to environmental differences. The macro cell formed by seawater and soil is a complex macro cell form integrating various macro cells such as an oxygen concentration cell, a salt concentration cell, a water content difference cell and the like. Corrosion of the macro-cell can accelerate the corrosion rate, causing short-time corrosion and perforation of the metal material, and causing failure behavior. In the marine environment, the maintenance of the failure behavior is difficult, the cost is high, the danger is great, and the effect is poor. Seawater-soil corrosion has become more and more concerned by scholars at home and abroad. However, because of the influence factors of seawater-soil corrosion, the laboratory means for effectively simulating the environment is less, and therefore, the research on seawater-soil macro-cell corrosion caused by offshore oil and gas exploitation is less.
The seawater-soil corrosion of cross-land and marine pipelines is mainly macro-cell corrosion, which is a common form of metal corrosion, when metal facilities pass through corrosive media with different properties, different parts of the metal have potential differences, and if the media continuously form a loop, the macro-cell corrosion can occur. Seawater-soil macro-cell corrosion across land and marine pipelines is a macro-cell with various forms of macro-cell corrosion integrated.
Therefore, there is a need to research a seawater-soil macro cell corrosion simulation test device, which can efficiently simulate seawater-soil macro cell corrosion environment, can perform a simulation test on a transition region of a pipeline passing through seawater and soil, and can perform an electrochemical test on a metal material, thereby evaluating the corrosion resistance of the pipeline material. Furthermore, the corrosion mechanism of the material in the service environment and the action rule of each influencing factor on the corrosion of the material are clarified, the protection measure of the material in the service environment is provided, the applicability of the material is evaluated, and a basis is provided for the material selection, design and protection of cross-land and marine pipelines and the development of new materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device and a method for testing the corrosion performance of a solid/liquid transition region of a metal material, which have the advantages of good simulation performance, good system stability and lower construction and operation cost, can efficiently simulate the seawater-soil macro cell corrosion environment, can perform a simulation test on the transition region of a pipeline passing through seawater and soil, and can perform an electrochemical test on the metal material so as to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the pipeline material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a test device for testing corrosion performance of a metal material solid/liquid jump zone comprises a box body, a sample rack, an illumination system, a spraying system and a solid detection system; the box body is divided into two parts by glass fiber mesh cloth and a semipermeable membrane, a solid simulation unit is arranged on one side of the box body, a liquid simulation unit is arranged on the other side of the box body, a solid is filled in the solid simulation unit, and liquid is injected into the liquid simulation unit; the illumination system and the spraying system are arranged on the upper part of the solid simulation unit, and the solid detection system monitors solids; the simulation sample is placed on a sample rack, one part of the sample rack is positioned in a solid simulation unit, and the other part of the sample rack is positioned in a liquid simulation unit, so that the corrosion of a macro cell of the metal sample is formed; the illumination system simulates sunlight irradiation of an actual service environment, the spraying system adjusts the water content of the simulated environment, and then the concentration and distribution of solid salt are adjusted, so that the actual service environment of a cross-solid and liquid pipeline is simulated; fiber paper and chronic filter paper are laid at the bottom of the solid simulation unit box body, and a liquid guide hopper is arranged below the box body.
The box body and the sample rack are both made of insulating materials.
The glass fiber cloth is encrypted without alkali, and the thickness of the glass fiber cloth is 0.8 mm-2 mm; the glass fiber cloth and the semi-permeable membrane are tightly attached together without gaps.
The illumination system comprises an illumination lamp and an illumination controller, the illumination lamp is installed on the upper portion of the solid simulation unit, the illumination controller is electrically connected with the illumination lamp, the illumination controller controls illumination time and intensity, and the illumination system adjusts the salt concentration of the solid simulation unit.
The spraying system comprises a liquid storage tank, a flow pump, a flow controller and a spray head; the liquid storage tank and the flow pump are connected with the spray head through pipelines, the spray head is arranged above the solid simulation unit and is arranged alternately, the flow controllers are electrically connected with the flow pump and control the spraying frequency and time, and the spraying system adjusts the concentration and distribution of the salt in the simulated environment.
The solid detection system comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, a pressure sensor and a solid salt sensor; temperature and humidity sensors monitor the temperature and humidity of the simulated solid, pressure sensors monitor the compaction force of the solid, and solid salinity sensors monitor the solid salinity of the simulated sample area.
The electrochemical test system comprises working electrodes and reference electrodes, the two working electrodes are respectively arranged in the solid simulation unit and the liquid simulation unit, the reference electrodes are respectively arranged in the solid simulation unit and the liquid simulation unit, the two working electrodes are communicated with a solid through leads to form a closed loop, and a corrosion macro cell is formed.
A test method for testing the corrosion performance of a solid/liquid jump zone of a metal material comprises the following steps:
1) weigh the sample and record as m 0 Measuring the surface area of the sample and recording as S;
2) putting the solid in a solid simulation unit, uniformly applying right and downward forces to the simulated solid from the left side and the upper part by using pressure plates respectively to enable the pressure value of the solid to reach a required target value of 280N-320N, and monitoring by using a pressure sensor; fixing the simulated solid by using glass fiber mesh cloth, and applying a semipermeable membrane;
3) penetrating a sample through holes reserved in the glass fiber mesh cloth and the semipermeable membrane, and placing the sample on a sample rack;
4) injecting liquid into the liquid simulation unit, and recording the start time t of the experiment 1 ；
5) Controlling the illumination system and the spraying system, monitoring the temperature and the humidity of the two units through a temperature and humidity sensor, and monitoring the solid salinity through a solid salinity sensor;
6) record the end time t of the experiment 2 Taking out the sample, observing and collecting the appearance information of the sample after the experiment;
7) processing a sample, weighing and recording the weight m of the sample after the experiment; calculating the corrosion rate of the material;
8) and measuring the macro-cell current and the electrochemical corrosion performance of the metal material by using an electrochemical workstation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the corrosion test device is divided into a liquid simulation unit and a solid simulation unit, and a simulation sample is simultaneously positioned in two corrosion environments. The solid simulation unit top illumination system and the spraying system can control solid salinity and humidity. The fiber paper and the chronic filter paper at the bottom of the solid simulation unit can prevent the solid loss and regulate and control the humidity and salinity of the simulated solid. The liquid guide hopper at the bottom of the device is used for conducting solid accumulated liquid, and the simulation solid humidity is effectively regulated and controlled. Therefore, the box body of the device can effectively simulate the actual service environment of the cross-land and ocean pipelines.
2. The device of the invention uses the glass fiber separation net to fix the solid, and can effectively separate the solid simulation unit from the liquid simulation unit.
3. The device of the invention utilizes the semi-permeable membrane to secondarily stabilize and fix the simulated solid to prevent solid particles from infiltrating into the liquid simulation unit, but ions in liquid and solid effusion can be mutually conducted to enable the two units to form a passage, thereby constructing the corrosion of the macro cell.
4. The electrochemical test system of the device can carry out corrosion test on the liquid-solid macro battery.
The device has the advantages of good simulation, good system stability and lower construction and operation cost, can efficiently simulate the seawater-soil macro cell corrosion environment, can perform simulation test on the transition region of the pipeline passing through seawater and soil, and can perform electrochemical test on a metal material so as to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the pipeline material. Furthermore, the corrosion mechanism of the material in the service environment and the action rule of each influencing factor on the corrosion of the material are clarified, the protection measure of the material in the service environment is provided, the applicability of the protection measure is evaluated, and a basis is provided for material selection, design and protection of cross-land and marine pipelines and development of new materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrochemical test according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-box body 2-seawater simulation unit 3-soil simulation unit 4-sample rack 5-simulation sample 6-glass fiber screen 7-semipermeable membrane 8-fiber paper 9-chronic filter paper 10-liquid guide bucket 11-pressure sensor 12-temperature and humidity sensor 13-soil salt sensor 14-spray head 5-flow controller 16-flow pump 17-liquid storage tank 18-illuminator 19-illumination controller 20-working electrode 21-reference electrode 22-potentiostat 23-switch K 1 24-switch K 2
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention:
example (b):
the invention relates to a test device and a test method for testing the corrosion performance of a solid/liquid transition region of a metal material, wherein the solid is set as soil, and the liquid is set as seawater.
As shown in figure 1, the seawater-soil macro cell corrosion simulation test device comprises a box body 1, a sample rack 4, an illumination system, a spraying system and a soil detection system.
The box body 1 and the sample 4 rack are made of insulating materials. The specification of the box body 1 is 500mm multiplied by 200mm, the box body 1 is divided into two parts by a glass fiber separation net 6 and a semi-permeable membrane 7, one side of the box body 1 is provided with a soil simulation unit 3, and the other side of the box body 1 is provided with a seawater simulation unit 2.
The specification of the simulated sample 5 is 200mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by the thickness, and the upper left side and the upper right side of the simulated sample 5 are respectively punched by one
And (4) a hole. The analog sample 5 is connected to the sample holder 4 by an insulated wire. The simulation sample 5 is parallel to the bottom of the box body 1, passes through the glass fiber separation net 6 and the semipermeable membrane 7, and is evenly placed in the seawater simulation unit 2 and the soil simulation unit 3. Simulation testThe glass fiber separation net 6 at the position where the sample 5 penetrates is subjected to edge locking treatment in advance and is attached to the simulation sample 5, and the separation of seawater and soil at the position where the sample penetrates can be ensured under the action of the semipermeable membrane 7. The upper end of the simulation sample 5 is 3 cm-5 cm away from the soil surface and the seawater surface.
The bottom of the soil simulation unit 3 is paved with fiber paper 8 and chronic filter paper 9. The lower part of the soil simulation unit 3 is provided with a liquid guide hopper 10. The soil simulation unit 3 is filled with soil.
The soil detection system comprises a temperature and humidity sensor 12, a pressure sensor 11 and a soil salinity sensor 13. The soil compaction force is monitored with a pressure sensor 11. Soil temperature and humidity are monitored by temperature and humidity sensor 12. Soil salinity was monitored in the area of the mock sample 5 with a soil salinity sensor 13.
The illumination system comprises an illumination lamp 18 and an illumination controller 19, the illumination lamp 18 is installed on the upper portion of the soil simulation unit 3, the illumination controller 19 is electrically connected with the illumination lamp 18, the illumination controller 18 controls illumination time of the illumination lamp 17, and the illumination system simulates actual service environment sunlight illumination.
The spraying system comprises a liquid storage tank 17, a flow pump 16, a flow controller 15 and spray heads 14, wherein the liquid storage tank 17, the flow pump 16 and the spray heads 14 are connected through pipelines, the spray heads 14 are arranged above the soil simulation unit 3, the spray heads 14 are arranged in a staggered mode, the flow controller 15 is electrically connected with the flow pump 16, and the flow controller 15 controls spraying frequency and duration. The seawater in the tank 17 is controlled by the flow controller 15 to be delivered to the soil via the nozzle 14 in a timed and quantitative manner by the flow pump 16.
The seawater simulation unit 2 is filled with seawater, and the seawater level is consistent with the soil height.
The electrochemical test system comprises working electrodes 20 and reference electrodes 21, the two working electrodes are respectively arranged in the soil simulation unit 3 and the seawater simulation unit 2, the reference electrodes 21 are respectively arranged in the soil simulation unit 3 and the seawater simulation unit 2, and the two working electrodes 20 are communicated with soil through leads to form a closed loop so as to form a corrosion macro cell;
the working electrode 20 and the reference electrode 21 are respectively connected to a constant potential instrument 22, and a switch K is arranged between the two working electrodes and the constant potential instrument 1 (23) Two, twoThe working electrodes are connected with a switch K 2 (24)。
The electrochemical sample, namely the working electrode 20 is arranged at the symmetrical positions of the two sides of the seawater simulation unit 2 and the soil simulation unit 3 and is packaged to the working area required by the experiment by paraffin, and the working area is 1cm 2 ～10cm 2 The two working areas may not be equal in size. Respectively putting Cu/CuSO into two units 4 The reference electrode, the two working electrodes 20 are communicated with the soil through a lead to form a closed loop, and a corrosion macro cell is formed. The distance between the two working electrodes 20 is 4 cm-10 cm. The reference electrode 21 is 1 mm-2.5 mm away from the electrochemical sample. The distance between the top of the electrochemical sample and the surface of the soil is 3 cm-5 cm.
A seawater-soil macro cell corrosion simulation test device is used for simulating a pipeline corrosion test across land and sea, and comprises the following test steps:
1. processing metal components into a simulation sample 5 with the thickness of 200mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by the thickness, polishing the simulation sample by sand paper step by step, placing the simulation sample in acetone, degreasing the simulation sample by ultrasonic waves, cleaning a steel plate by distilled water, dehydrating the steel plate by absolute ethyl alcohol, drying the steel plate by cold air, weighing the steel plate, and recording the weight m before the experiment 0 And measuring the surface area of the sample and recording the surface area as S, and collecting the appearance information of the sample before the experiment.
2. The bottom of the soil simulation unit 3 is paved with a chronic filter paper 9 and a fiber paper 8. The soil is placed in the soil simulation unit 3, the right and downward forces are uniformly applied to the simulated soil from the left side and the upper part by the pressing plates respectively, so that the soil compactness meets the test requirement, and the soil compactness is monitored by the pressure sensor. And after the pressure value reaches the standard, fixing the simulated soil by using a glass fiber separation net, and applying a semipermeable membrane.
3. The simulation sample 5 passes through the holes reserved on the glass fiber screen 6 and the semi-permeable membrane 7 and is placed on the sample rack.
4. According to the experimental protocol, seawater is injected in the seawater simulation unit 2. Record the start time t of the experiment 1 。
5. And controlling the illumination system and the spraying system according to the test scheme. The temperature and humidity of the two units are monitored by temperature and humidity probes 12, by Cl - Concentration probe 13 monitors soil salinity.
6. Record the end time t of the experiment 2 And taking out the simulation sample 5, and observing and collecting the appearance information of the sample after the experiment.
7. The samples were processed, weighed and the post-experiment weight m recorded. The corrosion rate of the material was calculated. Or evaluated using other methods.
8. And further using an electrochemical workstation to measure electrochemical parameters. Measuring the current of the macro-cell by switching the switch K 2 (24) Open, switch K 1 (23) Connection, after the measurement is finished, switch K 1 (23) Open, switch K 2 (24) And (4) communicating. The test was carried out using an electrochemical test method.
The corrosion test device is divided into a seawater simulation unit 2 and a soil simulation unit 3, and a simulation sample 5 is simultaneously positioned in two corrosion environments. The soil simulation unit 2 top lighting system and the spraying system can control the soil salinity and humidity. The fiber paper 8 and the chronic filter paper 9 at the bottom of the soil simulation unit 2 can prevent soil loss and regulate and control the simulated soil humidity and salinity. The device bottom drain bucket 10 switches on soil hydrops, effectively regulates and control simulation soil moisture. Therefore, the box body 1 of the device can effectively simulate the actual service environment of the cross-land and ocean pipelines.
The device of the invention utilizes the glass fiber separation net 6 to fix the soil, and can effectively separate the soil simulation unit 3 from the seawater simulation unit 2.
The device of the invention uses the semi-permeable membrane 7 to stably fix the simulated soil for the second time, so as to prevent soil particles from permeating the seawater simulation unit 2, but ions in seawater and soil effusion can be mutually conducted, so that the two units form a passage, and the corrosion of a macro cell is constructed.
The electrochemical test system of the device can be used for carrying out seawater-soil macro cell corrosion test.
The device has the advantages of good simulation, good system stability and lower construction and operation cost, can efficiently simulate the seawater-soil macro cell corrosion environment, can perform simulation test on the transition region of the pipeline passing through seawater and soil, and can perform electrochemical test on a metal material so as to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the pipeline material. Furthermore, the corrosion mechanism of the material in the service environment and the action rule of each influencing factor on the corrosion of the material are clarified, the protection measure of the material in the service environment is provided, the applicability of the material is evaluated, and a basis is provided for the material selection, design and protection of cross-land and marine pipelines and the development of new materials.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A test method for testing the corrosion performance of a solid/liquid jump zone of a metal material is characterized in that,
the device comprises a box body, a sample rack, an illumination system, a spraying system and a solid detection system; the box body is divided into two parts by glass fiber mesh cloth and a semipermeable membrane, a solid simulation unit is arranged on one side of the box body, a liquid simulation unit is arranged on the other side of the box body, a solid is filled in the solid simulation unit, and liquid is injected into the liquid simulation unit; the illumination system and the spraying system are arranged on the upper part of the solid simulation unit, and the solid detection system monitors the solid; the simulation sample is placed on a sample rack, one part of the sample rack is positioned in a solid simulation unit, and the other part of the sample rack is positioned in a liquid simulation unit, so that the corrosion of a macro cell of the metal sample is formed; the illumination system simulates sunlight irradiation of an actual service environment, the spraying system adjusts the water content of the simulated environment, and then the concentration and distribution of solid salt are adjusted, so that the actual service environment of a cross-solid and liquid pipeline is simulated; fiber paper and chronic filter paper are laid at the bottom of the solid simulation unit box body, and a liquid guide hopper is arranged below the box body;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) weigh the sample and record as m 0 Measuring the surface area of the sample and recording as S;
2) putting the solid in a solid simulation unit, uniformly applying right and downward forces to the simulated solid from the left side and the upper part by using pressure plates respectively to enable the pressure value of the solid to reach a required target value of 280N-320N, and monitoring by using a pressure sensor; fixing the simulated solid by using glass fiber mesh cloth, and applying a semipermeable membrane;
3) penetrating a sample through holes reserved in the glass fiber mesh cloth and the semipermeable membrane, and placing the sample on a sample rack;
4) injecting liquid into the liquid simulation unit, and recording the start time t of the experiment 1 ；
5) Controlling the illumination system and the spraying system, monitoring the temperature and the humidity of the two units through a temperature and humidity sensor, and monitoring the solid salinity through a solid salinity sensor;
6) record the end time t of the experiment 2 Taking out the sample, observing and collecting the appearance information of the sample after the experiment;
7) processing a sample, weighing and recording the weight m of the sample after the experiment; calculating the corrosion rate of the material;
8) and measuring the macro-cell current and the electrochemical corrosion performance of the metal material by using an electrochemical workstation.
2. The test method for testing the corrosion performance of the solid/liquid jump zone of the metal material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the box body and the sample holder are made of insulating materials.
3. The test method for testing the corrosion performance of the solid/liquid jump zone of the metal material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glass fiber cloth is encrypted without alkali and has a thickness of 0.8mm to 2 mm; the glass fiber cloth and the semipermeable membrane are tightly attached together without gaps.
4. The test method for testing the corrosion performance of the solid/liquid jump zone of the metal material as recited in claim 1, wherein the illumination system comprises a light lamp and an illumination controller, the light lamp is installed on the upper portion of the solid simulation unit, the illumination controller is electrically connected with the light lamp, the illumination controller controls illumination time and intensity, and the illumination system adjusts the salt concentration of the solid simulation unit.
5. The test method for testing the corrosion performance of the solid/liquid jump zone of the metal material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying system comprises a liquid storage tank, a flow pump, a flow controller and a spray head; the liquid storage tank and the flow pump are connected with the spray head through pipelines, the spray head is arranged above the solid simulation unit and is arranged alternately, the flow controllers are electrically connected with the flow pump and control the spraying frequency and time, and the spraying system adjusts the concentration and distribution of the salt in the simulated environment.
6. The test method for testing the corrosion performance of the metal material solid/liquid jump zone according to claim 1, wherein the solid detection system comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, a pressure sensor and a solid salt sensor; temperature and humidity sensors monitor the temperature and humidity of the simulated solid, pressure sensors monitor the compaction force of the solid, and solid salinity sensors monitor the solid salinity of the simulated sample area.
7. The test method for testing the corrosion performance of the metal material solid/liquid jump zone according to claim 1, further comprising an electrochemical test system, wherein the electrochemical test system comprises a working electrode and a reference electrode, the two working electrodes are respectively disposed in the solid simulation unit and the liquid simulation unit, the reference electrode is respectively disposed in the solid simulation unit and the liquid simulation unit, the two working electrodes form a closed loop through a lead and are communicated with the solid to form a corrosion macro cell.
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