CN111141429A - 一种真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件 - Google Patents

一种真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件 Download PDF

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CN111141429A
CN111141429A CN201911340713.1A CN201911340713A CN111141429A CN 111141429 A CN111141429 A CN 111141429A CN 201911340713 A CN201911340713 A CN 201911340713A CN 111141429 A CN111141429 A CN 111141429A
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戚龙
潘婷
鹿文龙
戚云娟
雷玥
王莹
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SHAANXI ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,属于压力测量装置技术领域。本发明通过将暴露在大气中的敏感薄膜进行真空封装,使溅射薄膜压力敏感元件的表面存在一层真空层,使得敏感薄膜与大气产生隔离,减少空气产生的氧化作用并能够减小溅射薄膜压力敏感元件因大气压力变化而产生的测量误差,该溅射薄膜压力敏感元件具有精度高、稳定性高、使用温度范围广及动态频响高的特点,能够极大扩展溅射薄膜压力敏感元件的应用范围。

Description

一种真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,属于压力测量装置技术领域。
背景技术
封装(Package)对于芯片及电子元器件来说是必须的,也是至关重要的。封装的主要作用有:(1)物理保护,因为芯片及电子元器件需要与外界隔离,以防止空气中的杂质对芯片及电子元器件电路的腐蚀而造成电气性能下降,保护芯片表面以及连接引线等,使相当柔嫩的芯片在电气或热物理等方面免受外力损害及外部环境的影响;(2)电气连接,封装的尺寸调整(间距变换)功能可由芯片的极细引线间距,调整到实装基板的尺寸间距,从而便于实装操作;(3)标准规格化,规格通用功能是指封装的尺寸、形状、引脚数量、间距、长度等有标准规格,既便于加工,又便于与印刷电路板相配合,相关的生产线及生产设备都具有通用性。
按封装密封性方式可分为气密性封装和树脂封装两类,两类封装的目的都是将晶体或电子元器件与外部温度、湿度、空气等环境隔绝,起保护和电气绝缘作用;同时还可实现向外散热及缓和应力。气密性封装可靠性较高,但价格也高,目前由于封装技术及材料的改进,树脂封装占绝对优势,只是在有些特殊领域,气密性封装是必不可少的。气密性封装所用到的外壳可以是金属、陶瓷玻璃,而其中气体可以是真空、氮气及惰性气体。
溅射薄膜压力敏感元件制作的压力传感器是典型的表压型压力传感器。溅射薄膜压力敏感元件由弹性体和敏感薄膜组成(如图1所示),弹性体一般采用05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢材料加工而成,其作用是承受被测量介质的压力,并在非承压表面(图1中7的区域)处形成相应的材料应变,敏感薄膜由四个薄膜电阻(R1、R2、R3、R4)、过渡薄膜及四个焊盘组成(如图2所示),四个薄膜电阻的作用是将弹性体非承压表面(图1中7的区域)形成的材料应变转换成阻值变化,通过过渡薄膜将四个薄膜电阻连接成封闭式的惠斯顿电桥结构,四个焊盘实现惠斯顿电桥与外部电路的连接,从而使薄膜压力敏感元件的信号能够输出到外部电路中。溅射薄膜压力敏感元件是利用离子束溅射方法制作的高可靠压力测量的薄膜元器件,由于其薄膜表面与大气直接接触,大气中的水汽及氧气等会对敏感薄膜产生一定的氧化作用,降低溅射薄膜压力敏感元件的使用寿命,同时,在溅射薄膜压力敏感元件进行压力测量时,会随大气压力的变化(温度、湿度、高度等因素的不同)产生一定的测量误差,影响测量精度。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,通过将暴露在大气中的敏感薄膜进行真空封装,使溅射薄膜压力敏感元件的表面存在一层真空层,使得敏感薄膜与大气产生隔离,减少空气产生的氧化作用并能够减小溅射薄膜压力敏感元件因大气压力变化而产生的测量误差,有利于扩展溅射薄膜压力敏感元件的应用领域。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
一种真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,所述溅射薄膜压力敏感元件包括弹性体、敏感薄膜、防护介质薄膜、共晶焊接薄膜以及金属罩;
弹性体是一端封闭一端开放的中空圆柱体;
金属罩是一端封闭一端开放的中空圆柱体;
敏感薄膜沉积在弹性体封闭端的外端面上,防护介质薄膜沉积在除焊盘外敏感薄膜的其余部分上,金属罩开放端的端面上和防护介质薄膜上分别沉积有一层尺寸相等的环形的共晶焊接薄膜,防护介质薄膜上的共晶焊接薄膜的环形区域位于电阻之外且在焊盘以内,金属罩上的共晶焊接薄膜与防护介质薄膜上的共晶焊接薄膜重叠并真空焊接在一起。
进一步地,防护介质薄膜的材质选用耐450℃以上高温的陶瓷材料,其主要作用是使得敏感薄膜与共晶焊接薄膜紧密连接并物理隔离,其厚度优选0.6μm~2μm。
进一步地,共晶焊接薄膜的材质选用在450℃以下能够实现共晶焊接的金属或合金,优选金硅系列合金。
进一步地,共晶焊接薄膜的厚度优选1μm~3μm。
进一步地,弹性体接近开放端的外圆周面上沿径向加工有环形凸台,用于隔离焊接应力。
本发明所述的经真空封装后的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,当承压面感受到压力时,弹性体应变梁产生相应的应变,敏感薄膜(R1、R2、R3、R4)随应变的变化而产生电阻变化,最终在惠斯顿电桥的连接下将感受到的压力大小转化成相应的电压信号输出。由于压力测量时非承压面始终保持真空状态,其压力值不会随温度、湿度、海拔高度等条件的变化而变化,此时测量的压力值是排除大气压的介质压力值,即测量的压力值为绝对压力值,从而使测量精确度得到提高。
有益效果:
(1)通过简单的金属共晶焊接的封装方法,即可将金属罩与隔离层在真空环境下焊接到一起,达到溅射薄膜敏感元件真空封装的目的,不需要使用复杂的设备,操作简单,实现起来较为容易。
(2)经过真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件具有精度高、稳定性高、使用温度范围广及动态频响高的特点,能够极大扩展溅射薄膜压力敏感元件的应用范围。
附图说明
图1为背景技术中所述溅射薄膜压力敏感元件的结构示意图。
图2为图1的俯视图。
图3为实施例1中真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件的结构示意图。
图4为实施例1中防护介质薄膜上沉积共晶焊接薄膜后的结构示意图。
图5为实施例1中共晶焊接薄膜在敏感薄膜上的位置示意图。
图6为实施例1中金属罩的结构示意图。
其中,1-弹性体,2-敏感薄膜,3-防护介质薄膜,4-共晶焊接薄膜,5-金属罩,6-承压面,7-非承压面,8-过渡薄膜,9-焊盘。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步阐述。以下仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
一种真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件包括弹性体1、敏感薄膜2、防护介质薄膜3、共晶焊接薄膜4以及金属罩5,如图3所示;
防护介质薄膜3的材质为氮化硅;
共晶焊接薄膜4的材质为金硅合金;
弹性体是一端封闭一端开放的中空圆柱体,接近开放端的外圆周面上沿径向加工有用于隔离焊接应力的环形凸台;
金属罩5是一端封闭一端开放的中空圆柱体;
敏感薄膜2沉积在弹性体1封闭端的外端面上,防护介质薄膜3沉积在除焊盘9外敏感薄膜2的其余部分上,金属罩5开放端的端面上和防护介质薄膜3上分别沉积有一层尺寸相等的环形的共晶焊接薄膜4(如图4和图6所示),防护介质薄膜3上的共晶焊接薄膜4的环形区域位于电阻之外且在焊盘9以内(如图5所示),金属罩5上的共晶焊接薄膜4与防护介质薄膜3上的共晶焊接薄膜4重叠并真空焊接在一起;
本实施例所述溅射薄膜压力敏感元件的具体制备过程如下:
(1)首先,将弹性体1的非承压面7进行研磨抛光处理,使表面达到镜面效果,然后采用离子束溅射镀膜工艺在弹性体1的非承压面7上制作一层薄膜,再通过深紫外光刻及离子束刻蚀工艺将薄膜刻蚀成掩模图形(该图形包含敏感电阻R1、R2、R3、R4、过渡薄膜8和焊盘9,如图2所示),该掩膜图形即为敏感薄膜2;
(2)除敏感薄膜2的焊盘9部分外,采用深紫外光刻及离子束溅射镀膜工艺在敏感薄膜2上的其余部分沉积一层厚度约为0.6μm~2μm的防护介质薄膜3;
(3)采用深紫外光刻及离子束溅射镀膜在防护介质薄膜3上制备一层厚度为1μm~3μm的环形共晶焊接薄膜4,其中共晶焊接薄膜4的环形区域在敏感薄膜2的四个电阻以外且在四个焊盘9以内,如图4和图5所示;
(4)先将金属罩5开放端的端面进行研磨抛光处理,使其端面达到镜面效果,再采用深紫外光刻及离子束溅射镀膜工艺在该端面上沉积一层厚度为1μm~3μm的环形共晶焊接薄膜4,且该共晶焊接薄膜4的尺寸与防护介质薄膜3上的共晶焊接薄膜4的尺寸相同,如图6所示;
(5)以金属罩5上的环形共晶焊接薄膜4与防护介质薄膜3上的环形共晶焊接薄膜4为对准标识,将两个环形共晶焊接薄膜4重叠在一起并压紧,再整体转移至真空热处理炉中,将炉内真空抽到8×10-3Pa以内,再以不高于40℃/min的升温速率将温度升至400℃,保温40min后停止加热并随炉冷却,取出炉内产品即为真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件。

Claims (8)

1.一种真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,其特征在于:所述溅射薄膜压力敏感元件包括弹性体(1)、敏感薄膜(2)、防护介质薄膜(3)、共晶焊接薄膜(4)以及金属罩(5);
弹性体(1)是一端封闭一端开放的中空圆柱体;
金属罩(5)是一端封闭一端开放的中空圆柱体;
敏感薄膜(2)沉积在弹性体(1)封闭端的外端面上,防护介质薄膜(3)沉积在除焊盘(9)外敏感薄膜(2)的其余部分上,金属罩(5)开放端的端面上和防护介质薄膜(3)上分别沉积有一层尺寸相等的环形的共晶焊接薄膜(4),防护介质薄膜(3)上的共晶焊接薄膜(4)的环形区域位于电阻之外且在焊盘(9)以内,金属罩(5)上的共晶焊接薄膜(4)与防护介质薄膜(3)上的共晶焊接薄膜(4)重叠并真空焊接在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,其特征在于:防护介质薄膜(3)的材质选用耐450℃以上高温的陶瓷材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,其特征在于:防护介质薄膜(3)的材质选用氮化硅。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,其特征在于:防护介质薄膜(3)的厚度为0.6μm~2μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,其特征在于:共晶焊接薄膜(4)的材质选用在450℃以下能够实现共晶焊接的金属或合金。
6.根据权利要求5所述的真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,其特征在于:共晶焊接薄膜(4)的材质选用金硅系列合金。
7.根据权利要求1、5或6所述的真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,其特征在于:共晶焊接薄膜(4)的厚度为1μm~3μm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的真空封装的溅射薄膜压力敏感元件,其特征在于:弹性体(1)接近开放端的外圆周面上沿径向加工有环形凸台。
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