Tobacco matrix activated carbon and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of adsorbents, relates to activated carbon and a preparation method of the activated carbon, and particularly relates to activated carbon prepared by using tobacco as a raw material and activated carbon prepared by using the tobacco as the raw material.
Background
The planting area and the yield of tobacco in China all live at the first place in the world, tobacco planting and product processing play an important role in national economic development, and tobacco only occupies the sixth place next to rice, wheat, cotton, soybean and corn in the income of agricultural products in China. Flue-cured tobacco production also produces a large amount of organic waste, including biomass waste (such as waste tobacco leaves, tobacco powder and tobacco stems) and plastic waste (such as mulching films and floating trays) and the like, while promoting the economy of the tobacco area.
At present, the wastes lack an effective resource technology and are directly discarded or incinerated, so that the environmental pollution is caused, and the sustainable production of tobacco agriculture is limited. Taking a certain tobacco province in China as an example, 300 million loads of tobacco leaves are produced every year, the planting area reaches more than 100 million acres, but the mulching film and the film waste generated every year reach 3000-4000 tons, and biomass waste such as tobacco stems and the like in tens of thousands of tons is directly piled up or burned, thereby seriously polluting the environment.
If the tobacco wastes are recycled, not only can natural chemical raw materials meeting the green and sanitary standards be obtained, but also a sustainable development opportunity is provided for the enterprise to get rid of poverty and solve difficulties, and the potential change possibility of soil quality and soil structure brought by the tobacco wastes can be reduced, and the pollution of harmful ingredients to underground water is avoided. Therefore, the strengthening of the comprehensive utilization of the tobacco waste not only can change the waste into valuable resources, but also can improve the economic income of tobacco growers, promote the healthy development of the 'two-cigarette' industry in China, and meet the national policy of 'recycling' of solid waste.
In recent years, a great deal of researchers pay attention to the recycling of biomass, and a good direction is provided for the treatment of agricultural and forestry waste. The carbonization and activation of biomass into activated carbon are particularly prominent. This method not only solves the problem of waste disposal, but also brings with it high value industrial products, thus gaining a great deal of subsequent attention. Meanwhile, the method also has the research of relevant scholars on the direction of carbonizing and activating the plastic products into the active carbon.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor analyzes that at least the following problems exist in the prior art:
1. the performance of the activated carbon product needs to be improved;
2. in the preparation process, the binder, the activating agent and the pore-forming agent are added, so that the process flow is complicated, multiple carbonization is needed, the efficiency is low, and the cost is high;
3. polyvinyl alcohol is added as a binder before the first carbonization, and after the first carbonization, the binder is decomposed, so that the binder is only one transition component in the preparation process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an activated carbon using a tobacco substrate as a main raw material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing activated carbon using tobacco substrate as a main raw material.
The inventor continuously reforms and innovates through long-term exploration and trial, and a plurality of experiments and endeavors to solve the technical problemsThe technical scheme provided by the invention is to provide tobacco matrix activated carbon and dry K2CO3Mixing the tobacco waste powder and the low-density polyethylene powder, and carbonizing at high temperature in a protective gas environment to obtain the tobacco powder.
According to one embodiment of the tobacco-based activated carbon of the present invention, the anhydrous K2CO3The mass ratio of the tobacco waste powder to the low-density polyethylene powder is 35-40: 17.5-20: 2.5 to 3.5.
According to one embodiment of the tobacco-based activated carbon of the present invention, the anhydrous K2CO3The mass ratio of the tobacco waste powder to the low-density polyethylene powder is 38: 19: 3.
according to one embodiment of the tobacco-based activated carbon of the present invention, the shielding gas is nitrogen or argon.
According to one embodiment of the tobacco-based activated carbon, the high-temperature carbonization temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the carbonization time is 40-70 min.
According to one embodiment of the tobacco-based activated carbon of the present invention, the high temperature carbonization temperature is 850 ℃ for 60 min.
According to one embodiment of the tobacco-based activated carbon of the present invention, the low density polyethylene has a density of 0.91g/cm3-0.93g/cm3。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the tobacco matrix activated carbon, which comprises the following sequential steps:
step a), cleaning and drying tobacco leaves and/or tobacco stems, crushing the tobacco leaves and/or tobacco stems by using a crusher, and screening the tobacco leaves and/or tobacco stems by using a 50-mesh standard screen for later use;
step b), weighing quantitative anhydrous K2CO3, tobacco leaf powder or/and tobacco stem powder and low-density polyethylene powder, grinding and uniformly mixing;
step c), carbonizing by using a high-temperature tube furnace, wherein nitrogen or argon is used as a protective gas in the carbonization process;
step d) acid cleaning is carried out by using dilute hydrochloric acid, and deionized water is repeatedly used for washing until the solution is neutral;
and e) drying to obtain the tobacco matrix activated carbon.
According to one embodiment of the method for preparing the tobacco matrix activated carbon, in the step c), the carbonization temperature is 850 ℃ and the heating rate is 10 ℃/min.
According to a specific embodiment of the preparation method of the tobacco-based activated carbon, the specific steps are as follows:
step a), cleaning and drying tobacco leaves and/or tobacco stems, crushing the tobacco leaves and/or the tobacco stems by using a crusher, and screening the tobacco leaves and/or the tobacco stems by using a 50-mesh standard screen for later use;
step b), weighing quantitative anhydrous K2CO3, tobacco leaf powder or/and tobacco stem powder and low-density polyethylene powder, grinding and uniformly mixing; the density of the low-density polyethylene is 0.91g/cm3~0.93g/cm3(ii) a The anhydrous K2CO3The mass ratio of the tobacco leaf powder or/and tobacco stem powder to the low-density polyethylene powder is 35-40: 17.5-20: 2.5 to 3.5;
step c), carbonizing by using a high-temperature tube furnace, wherein nitrogen or argon is used as a protective gas in the carbonization process, and the flow rate is 5L/min-6L/min;
step d) using 1: 9, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid for 30s, and repeatedly washing with deionized water until the solution is neutral;
and e) drying to obtain the tobacco matrix activated carbon.
Compared with the prior art, one of the technical solutions has the following advantages:
a) through the detection of adsorption performance, the methylene blue adsorption amount of the activated carbon reaches 806mg/g, which is much higher than the primary standard of 135mg/g of activated carbon for wooden water purification GBT 13803.2-1999.
b) The active carbon is simple in raw material components, the process flow is simplified, and the active carbon can be manufactured only through one-time carbonization.
c) This application uses potassium carbonate as the activator, the K produced+Can lead the carbon chain to be broken to form complex salt, and the active carbon microstructure is enriched by repeating the catalytic process of ring opening-cracking-ring opening. CO 22Is also a good physical activator per se, and can increase the pore volume and the pore forming efficiency.
d) The activated carbon is scanned by an electron microscope, so that the trace after activation can be obviously seen, the surface of a sample is rough and uneven, and a hole structure similar to a circular hole is densely distributed on the surface of a broken hole bridge. After the low-density polyethylene plastic is added, the activation process is more sufficient, the activation effect is uniform, and the prepared activated carbon has a more developed pore structure.
e) The invention adopts the tobacco leaves and/or tobacco stems and the low-density polyethylene to mix and burn the activated carbon together, which is co-catalyzed by plastics, lignin and cellulose, the burning process is simpler, no binder, activator and pore-forming agent are needed to be added, the burning cost is solved, the pore diameter of the burnt activated carbon is more uniform, and the adsorption effect is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 30000 times electron microscopic scan of tobacco-based activated carbon in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a 5000-fold electron microscope scan of tobacco-based activated carbon in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a 30000 times electron microscope scan of the tobacco-based activated carbon in example 3.
FIG. 4 is a 5000-fold electron microscope scan of tobacco-based activated carbon in example 3.
Detailed Description
The following description will be given with reference to specific examples.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
The tobacco-based activated carbon described in this example was anhydrous 35gK2CO3、17.5gMixing tobacco powder and 2.5g low-density polyethylene powder, and carbonizing at 850 deg.C under nitrogen as protective gas. The low density polyethylene has a density of 0.91g/cm3. The adsorption performance of the activated carbon is detected according to national standard GB/T12496.10-1999 determination of methylene blue adsorption value of wood activated carbon test method, each sample is detected twice, an average value is taken, the iodine adsorption value of the tobacco substrate activated carbon is 1392mg/g, and the methylene blue adsorption rate is 786 mg/g. The microscopic morphology of the activated carbon was analyzed by a scanning electron microscope, and the scanning electron microscope shows the scanning electron micrographs as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the scanning electron microscope shows the scanning electron micrograph of 30000 times of the tobacco-based activated carbon in the example of fig. 1, and the scanning electron microscope shows the scanning electron micrograph of 5000 times of the tobacco-based activated carbon in the example of fig. 2. As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the sample has obvious activation traces, the surface of the sample is rough and uneven, and the hole structure similar to the circular hole is densely distributed on the surface of the broken hole bridge. The low-density polyethylene is used, the activation process is more sufficient, the activation effect is uniform, and the prepared activated carbon has a more developed pore structure.
Example 2
The tobacco-based activated carbon described in this example was anhydrous 40gK2CO320g of tobacco stem and tobacco leaf mixture powder and 3.5g of low-density polyethylene powder are mixed and carbonized at 900 ℃ in an environment with nitrogen as protective gas to prepare the environment-friendly flame-retardant modified polypropylene composite material. The low density polyethylene has a density of 0.93g/cm3。
Example 3
The tobacco-based activated carbon described in this example was anhydrous 38gK2CO319g of tobacco stem powder and 3g of low-density polyethylene powder are mixed and carbonized at 850 ℃ under the environment of nitrogen as protective gas. The low density polyethylene has a density of 0.91g/cm3g/cm3. The adsorption performance of the activated carbon is detected according to national standard GB/T12496.10-1999 determination of methylene blue adsorption value of wood activated carbon test method, each sample is detected twice, the average value is taken, the iodine adsorption value of the tobacco substrate activated carbon is 1421mg/g, and the methylene blue adsorption rate is 806 mg/g. The microscopic morphology of the activated carbon was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, the scanning electron microscopy images are shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, FIG. 3 shows the embodiment30000 times of tobacco-based activated carbon electron microscope scanning image, and FIG. 4 is 5000 times of tobacco-based activated carbon electron microscope scanning image in this example. As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, the sample has obvious activation traces, the surface of the sample is rough and uneven, and the hole structure similar to the circular hole is densely distributed on the surface of the broken hole bridge. The low-density polyethylene is used, the activation process is more sufficient, the activation effect is uniform, and the prepared activated carbon has a more developed pore structure.
Example 4
This example is a preparation example of tobacco-based activated carbon as described in example 1.
2.5g of low-density polyethylene, 17.5g of tobacco leaves, 35g of anhydrous potassium carbonate, 850 ℃ of activation temperature, 60min of activation time and 10 ℃/min of heating rate. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps in sequence:
step a), cleaning and drying tobacco leaves and/or tobacco stems, crushing the tobacco leaves and/or the tobacco stems by using a crusher, and screening the tobacco leaves and/or the tobacco stems by using a 50-mesh standard screen for later use;
step b) weighing 35g of anhydrous K2CO317.5g of tobacco powder and 2.5g of low-density polyethylene powder, and grinding and mixing uniformly; the density of the low-density polyethylene is 0.91g/cm3Of course, the density is 0.91g/cm3~0.93g/cm3The polyethylene of (3) can be used; step by step
Step c), carbonizing by using a high-temperature tube furnace, wherein nitrogen is used as a protective gas in the carbonizing process; argon may also be used as a shielding gas. Controlling the heating rate of the tubular furnace to be 10 ℃/min and the nitrogen introducing rate to be 0.5L/min per second, and ensuring that the furnace is filled with nitrogen.
Step d) using 1: 9, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid for 30s, and repeatedly washing with deionized water until the solution is neutral;
and e) drying in an electric heating constant-temperature blast drying box to obtain the tobacco matrix activated carbon, and putting into a sealing bag for later use.
The adsorption performance of the activated carbon is detected according to national standard GB/T12496.10-1999 determination of methylene blue adsorption value of wood activated carbon test method, each sample is detected twice, an average value is taken, the iodine adsorption value of the tobacco substrate activated carbon is 1392mg/g, and the methylene blue adsorption rate is 786 mg/g. The microscopic morphology of the activated carbon was analyzed by a scanning electron microscope, and the scanning electron microscope shows the scanning electron micrographs as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the scanning electron microscope shows the scanning electron micrograph of 30000 times of the tobacco-based activated carbon in the example of fig. 1, and the scanning electron microscope shows the scanning electron micrograph of 5000 times of the tobacco-based activated carbon in the example of fig. 2.
This example uses potassium carbonate as an activator and the chemical reaction proceeds as follows:
K2CO3=K2O+CO2
K2CO3+2C=2K+3CO
K2O+C=2K+CO
generated K+Can lead the carbon chain to be broken to form complex salt, and the active carbon microstructure is enriched by repeating the catalytic process of ring opening-cracking-ring opening. CO 22Is also a good physical activator per se, and can increase the pore volume and the pore forming efficiency.
The low-density polyethylene is used, the activation process is more sufficient, the activation effect is uniform, and the prepared activated carbon has a more developed pore structure.
Example 5
This example is a preparation example of tobacco-based activated carbon as described in example 3.
3g of low-density polyethylene, 19g of tobacco stem, 38g of anhydrous potassium carbonate, 850 ℃ of activation temperature, 60min of activation time and 10 ℃/min of heating rate. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps in sequence:
step a), cleaning, drying and crushing tobacco stems by using a crusher, and screening the tobacco stems by using a 50-mesh standard screen for later use;
step b) weighing 35g of anhydrous K2CO317.5g of tobacco stem powder and 2.5g of low-density polyethylene powder, and grinding and uniformly mixing; the density of the low-density polyethylene is 0.91g/cm3Of course, the density is 0.91g/cm3~0.93g/cm3The polyethylene of (3) can be used; step by step
Step c), carbonizing by using a high-temperature tube furnace, wherein nitrogen is used as a protective gas in the carbonizing process; argon may also be used as a shielding gas. Controlling the heating rate of the tubular furnace to be 10 ℃/min and the nitrogen introducing rate to be 0.5L/min per second, and ensuring that the furnace is filled with nitrogen.
Step d) using 1: 9, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid for 30s, and repeatedly washing with deionized water until the solution is neutral;
and e) drying in an electric heating constant-temperature blast drying box to obtain the tobacco matrix activated carbon, and putting into a sealing bag for later use.
The adsorption performance of the activated carbon is detected according to national standard GB/T12496.10-1999 determination of methylene blue adsorption value of wood activated carbon test method, each sample is detected twice, the average value is taken, the iodine adsorption value of the tobacco substrate activated carbon is 1421mg/g, and the methylene blue adsorption rate is 806 mg/g. The microscopic morphology of the activated carbon was analyzed by a scanning electron microscope, and the electron microscope scanning images are shown in fig. 3 and 4, the 30000 times electron microscope scanning image of the tobacco-based activated carbon in the example of fig. 3, and the 5000 times electron microscope scanning image of the tobacco-based activated carbon in the example of fig. 4.
According to the invention, the active carbon is prepared by mixing and burning the tobacco stems, the tobacco leaves and the plastic together, so that the plastic, the lignin and the cellulose are co-catalyzed, the burning process is simpler, a binder, an activating agent and a pore-forming agent are not required to be added, the burning cost is solved, the pore diameter of the burnt active carbon is more uniform, and the adsorption effect is better.
The plastic film that tobacco cultivar used is mostly low density polyethylene, smashes the preparation that can directly be used for this application active carbon.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.