CN111136381B - Dust removal method of laser cutting machine - Google Patents
Dust removal method of laser cutting machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111136381B CN111136381B CN202010054714.6A CN202010054714A CN111136381B CN 111136381 B CN111136381 B CN 111136381B CN 202010054714 A CN202010054714 A CN 202010054714A CN 111136381 B CN111136381 B CN 111136381B
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 537
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a dust removal method of a laser cutting machine, which comprises the following steps: in the laser cutting process, at least one dust removal area corresponding to a light outlet area of a laser cutting head is opened, waste gas and dust generated in the cutting process of the laser cutting head are collected, and the waste gas and the dust enter a smoke purification device for purification treatment through a micro negative pressure dust removal environment; the micro negative pressure dust removal environment is a semi-closed space formed by the lathe bed and the dust removal device. Still provide a prevent burning dust pelletizing system. The invention ensures that the surface of the workpiece is not polluted, avoids high cost caused by secondary treatment and improves the yield. Meanwhile, the waste gas containing a large amount of metal dust is treated to meet the quality standard of the atmospheric environment, and the harm of the waste gas to the human health is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, in particular to a dust removal method of a laser cutting machine.
Background
Because can produce a large amount of waste gases that contain the metal dust among the laser cutting process, in order to avoid the polluted air to cause the injury and the polluted atmosphere environment to human health with the waste gas centralized processing that contains the metal dust, need in time collect purification treatment to waste gas.
The dust removal treatment in the technical field of laser processing at present has very big problem, and when the dust removal treatment efficiency was low, can produce the direct emission of the waste gas that contains a large amount of metal dust in the atmosphere, has caused the pollution to the air. In addition, the dust is not treated timely or cleanly and can be accumulated on the surface of the product, the quality of the product is greatly influenced, and the yield is reduced.
The mode that adopts dust removal processing in the existing market utilizes the fan mostly, carries out convulsions dust removal to a plurality of regions simultaneously. When the draught fan is adopted to conduct air draft and dust removal on a plurality of areas, due to the fact that the distance between the air draft opening of each area and the negative pressure source is different, the air draft effect difference is large, waste gas cannot be effectively collected, and therefore dust removal processing cannot be efficiently achieved.
Therefore, there is a need to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a dust removal method for a laser cutting machine, which can efficiently solve metal dust and waste gas generated in the laser cutting process. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
a dust removal method of a laser cutting machine is characterized in that a burning-resistant dust removal system is arranged on a machine body of the laser cutting machine, and the burning-resistant dust removal system comprises: the laser cutting device comprises a dust removal device and a smoke purification device, wherein the dust removal device is used for collecting waste gas and dust generated in laser cutting and is provided with a plurality of dust removal areas, and the smoke purification device is used for treating the waste gas and the dust collected by the dust removal device, and the method comprises the following steps:
in the laser cutting process, at least one dust removal area corresponding to a light outlet area of a laser cutting head is opened, waste gas and dust generated in the cutting process of the laser cutting head are collected, and the waste gas and the dust enter a smoke purification device for purification treatment through a micro negative pressure dust removal environment;
the micro negative pressure dust removal environment is a semi-closed space formed by the lathe bed and the dust removal device;
the dust removal device comprises a gate valve, an air draft duct, a collection cover, a sealing cover and a control execution element;
the collecting cover is in a hopper shape, the lower end of the collecting cover is connected with one end of the sealing cover, and the other end of the sealing cover is hermetically connected with the lathe bed of the laser cutting machine and the air draft air ducts on the two sides of the lathe bed, so that the micro negative pressure dust removal environment is formed on the working table surface of the laser cutting machine;
the control execution element is electrically connected with the control device of the laser cutting machine and is used for controlling the opening and closing of the gate valve;
the burning-prevention dust removal system further comprises: a big surround device for assisting dust collector high efficiency collects waste gas, it is peripheral that big surround the device and is located dust collector includes: a plurality of enclosing plates, a sealing structure, a first fan, an air valve and an air supply duct, wherein the enclosing plates are used for enclosing the periphery and the top of the laser cutting machine body;
a smoke sensor connected with a control system is arranged in the large surrounding device and on the laser cutting machine body, and the method also comprises the following steps:
the control system receives the smoke concentration detected by the smoke sensor;
judging whether the smoke concentration exceeds a preset value, if so, starting a first fan in the large enclosure device to supply air to an air valve through an air supply duct according to the smoke concentration, and blowing air towards a cutting area by the air valve so as to assist the dust removal device to collect waste gas and dust generated in cutting of the laser cutting head;
when the cutting paths of the laser cutting head extend to more than two dust removal areas, the control system respectively acquires the air draft speeds of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area according to the air draft amounts of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area, the cutting sections of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area and the ventilation area of the air draft opening of the dust removal area;
the control system respectively opens gate valves of the air inlets of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area according to preset air speed,
meanwhile, according to the size of the cutting section in the dust removal area, receiving the real-time wind speed detected by a wind speed sensor of the first dust removal area or the second dust removal area, and according to the preset wind speed and the real-time wind speed, generating an adjusting instruction for a control executive element of the first dust removal area or the second dust removal area by the control executive element and sending the adjusting instruction to adjust the opening section of the gate valve of the first dust removal area or the second dust removal area;
when the cutting section is at the first dust removalWhen the area in the area is larger than the area of the cutting section in the second dust removing area, the wind speed sensor in the first dust removing area detects that the wind speed value of the dust removing area in the first dust removing area is smaller than the preset wind speed VDrawerThen, the control system of the laser cutting machine adjusts the wind speed of a suction opening at the gate valve in the first dust removal area from VDrawerAdjusted to VDrawerK6m/s, K6 is an adjustable weighting coefficient;
when the area of the cutting section in the first dust removing area is smaller than that of the cutting section in the second dust removing area, the wind speed sensor in the second dust removing area detects that the wind speed value of the dust removing area of the second dust removing area is smaller than the preset wind speed VDrawerThen, the control system of the laser cutting machine adjusts the wind speed of a suction opening at the gate valve in the second dust removal area from VDrawerAdjusted to VDrawerK6m/s, K6 is an adjustable weighting coefficient;
when the area of the cutting section in the first dust removing area is equal to the area of the cutting section in the second dust removing area, the control system of the laser cutting machine enables the air speed of an air suction opening at the gate valve in the first dust removing area to be equal to the air speed of an air suction opening at the gate valve in the second dust removing area.
Optionally, during the laser cutting process, at least one dust removal area corresponding to the light exit area of the laser cutting head is opened, including:
when the plate to be processed is positioned on the workbench, the control system detects the dust removal area where the cutting section is positioned through coordinates by combining typesetting software;
the control system starts the smoke purification device after the laser cutting machine is started; and sending a starting instruction to a control execution element of a dust removal area corresponding to the light emitting area according to the current light emitting area of the laser cutting head so as to start the dust removal area.
Optionally, the burning prevention and dust removal system further comprises: the gas storage tank is arranged in the smoke purification device; the method further comprises the following steps:
after the laser cutting is finished, the control system opens the gas storage tank by means of an electromagnetic valve arranged at the bottom of the gas storage tank so as to clean dust attached to a purification filter element of the smoke purification device.
Optionally, the burning prevention and dust removal system further comprises: the burning prevention device is arranged on the dust removal device and used for protecting the dust removal device;
the micro negative pressure dust removal environment is a semi-closed space formed by the lathe bed, the dust removal device and the burning prevention device.
Optionally, each dust removal area is provided with a wind speed sensor for monitoring the wind speed of the dust removal area, a gate valve is installed at an air suction opening of the dust removal device located in the dust removal area, and the gate valve is connected with the smoke purification device through an air suction duct of the dust removal device;
when the cutting path of the laser cutting head is only in a single dust removal area, the sending of an opening instruction to a control execution element of a dust removal area corresponding to the light exit area according to the current light exit area of the laser cutting head so as to open the dust removal area includes:
the control system acquires the air draft speed of the dust removal area according to the air draft of the dust removal area, the cutting section in the dust removal area and the ventilation area of the air draft opening of the dust removal area;
the control system opens the gate valve of the suction opening of the dust removal area according to the preset wind speed, receives the real-time wind speed detected by the wind speed sensor of the dust removal area, and generates and sends an adjusting instruction of the control executive element used for the dust removal area according to the preset wind speed and the real-time wind speed so as to adjust the opening section of the gate valve of the dust removal area.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the control system sends an opening instruction to a control execution element of another dust removal area needing to be opened when the other dust removal area corresponding to the cutting section needs to be opened according to the movement of the laser cutting head; and
the control system sends a closing instruction to a control execution element of a previous dust removal area, and the control execution element of the previous dust removal area delays a first preset time period to close the gate valve according to the closing instruction;
or the control system sends a closing instruction to the control execution element of the previous dust removal area after a first preset time period, and the control execution element of the previous dust removal area closes the gate valve according to the closing instruction;
and in the moving process of the laser cutting head from the previous dust removal area to the other dust removal area, the laser cutting head is in a cutting stop state.
Optionally, each dust removal area is provided with a wind speed sensor for monitoring the wind speed of the dust removal area, a gate valve is installed at an air suction opening of the dust removal device located in the dust removal area, and the gate valve is connected with the smoke purification device through an air suction duct of the dust removal device;
when the cutting path of the laser cutting head is continued to more than two dust removal areas, the control execution element of the dust removal area corresponding to the light output area sends an opening instruction according to the current light output area of the laser cutting head so as to open the dust removal area.
Optionally, the cutting path of the laser cutting head extends in more than two dust removal areas, and the laser cutting head is in a cutting state in the moving process of the laser cutting head between different dust removal areas.
Optionally, starting a first fan in the large enclosure device according to the smoke concentration and the corresponding relation between the smoke concentration and the air supply speed,
or,
and starting a first fan in the large surrounding device according to the smoke concentration and the corresponding relation between the smoke concentration and the air supply speed, and adjusting the opening section of a gate valve in a dust removal area corresponding to the cutting work area.
Optionally, the burning prevention and dust removal system comprises:
the dust removal device is arranged on a lathe body of the laser cutting machine and is provided with a plurality of dust removal areas for collecting waste gas and dust during laser cutting;
the smoke purification device is communicated with the dust removal device and is used for treating waste gas and dust collected by the dust removal device;
the large surrounding device is positioned at the periphery of the dust removal device and is used for assisting the dust removal device to collect waste gas and dust so as to avoid overflow of the waste gas;
the large enclosure device comprises: a plurality of enclosing plates, a sealing structure, a first fan, an air valve and an air supply duct, wherein the enclosing plates are used for enclosing the periphery and the top of the laser cutting machine body;
the air duct and the air valve are fixedly arranged at the tops of the enclosing plates on two sides of the large enclosing device;
the first fans are fixedly arranged on two sides of a surrounding plate at the top of the large surrounding device;
in the laser cutting process of the laser cutting machine, at least one dust removal area of the dust removal device is opened, and the dust removal area and the lathe bed of the dust removal device form a micro-negative pressure dust removal environment;
the dust removal device comprises a gate valve, an air draft duct, a collection cover, a sealing cover and a control execution element;
the air draft air ducts are positioned at two sides of the lathe body of the laser cutting machine, the inlet ends of the air draft air ducts are connected with the gate valve, and the outlet ends of the air draft air ducts are connected with the smoke purification device;
the collecting cover is in a hopper shape, the lower end of the collecting cover is connected with one end of the sealing cover, and the other end of the sealing cover is hermetically connected with the lathe bed of the laser cutting machine and the air draft air ducts on the two sides of the lathe bed, so that a micro negative pressure dust removal environment is formed on the working table surface of the laser cutting machine;
the control execution element is electrically connected with the control device of the laser cutting machine and used for controlling the opening and closing of the gate valve.
Optionally, the burning prevention and dust removal system further comprises a burning prevention device for protecting the dust removal device;
the burning prevention device comprises: the dust collection device comprises a fire-resistant plate, an anti-burning inner cavity and a support frame, wherein the fire-resistant plate is arranged on the outer side surface of a collection cover close to a dust removal area and is positioned above the anti-burning inner cavity, and the anti-burning inner cavity is formed by an installation plate arranged on the outer side surface of a sealing cover close to the dust removal area.
Optionally, each dust removal area is provided with at least one set of gate valve, and each set of gate valve corresponds to one set of control execution element.
Optionally, the fume cleaning device comprises: the spark catcher, the second fan, the purification filter element, the ash removal device and the inner cavity;
the spark catcher is used for intercepting waste gas containing sparks from entering the filter material, and the inlet end of the spark catcher is connected with the dust removal device;
the second fan collects waste gas through the inner cavity;
the purification filter element purifies waste gas and then discharges the waste gas into the atmosphere;
the ash removal device is used for cleaning the purification filter element after the cutting is finished.
Optionally, the laser cutting machine includes a bed, a laser cutting head, and an anti-burning dust removal system, and the anti-burning dust removal system is installed on the bed in a region corresponding to laser cutting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention ensures that the surface of the workpiece is not polluted, avoids high cost caused by secondary treatment and improves the yield.
The invention ensures that the waste gas containing a large amount of metal dust conforms to the quality standard of the atmospheric environment after being treated, and avoids the harm of the waste gas to the health of human bodies.
The burning-resistant dust removal system is modular, and is convenient to replace, low in cost and high in efficiency.
The method ensures the maximization of the resource utilization rate, and avoids resource waste and cost improvement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a burning-proof and dust-removing system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a dust removing device, a burning-proof device and a smoke purifying device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a large enclosure apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a gate valve according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic distribution diagram of the coordinate position corresponding to the dust removing area.
[ description of reference ]
1: a dust removal device; 1-1 collecting cover; 1-2 sealing the cover; 1-3 control actuators; 1-4 gate valves; 1-5 air draft air duct;
2: a burn-out prevention device; 2-1 of a refractory plate; 2-2, preventing burning of the inner cavity; 2-3, a support frame;
3: a large enclosure; 3-1 enclosing plates; 3-2, sealing structure; 3-3 air ducts; 3-4 air valves; 3-5 a first fan;
4: a smoke purification device; 4-1 spark arrestors; 4-2 a second fan; 4-3, purifying the filter element; 4-4 ash removal devices; 4-5 inner cavities;
5: a bed body;
6: and adjusting the valve.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a burning-proof dust removal system for removing waste gas and dust generated in the laser cutting process; the system comprises a dust removal device 1, an anti-burning device 2, a large surrounding device 3 and a smoke purification device 4;
the dust removal device 1 is used for collecting waste gas and dust in laser processing and removing dust on the surface of a workpiece;
the burning prevention device 2 is used for protecting the dust removal device;
the large surrounding device 3 is used for assisting the dust removal device to collect waste gas and dust more efficiently, so that the waste gas and dust are prevented from overflowing;
the smoke purification device 4 is used for purifying the waste gas collected by the dust removal device and then discharging the waste gas;
the control system of the laser cutting machine is electrically connected with the dust removal device 1 and the large surrounding device 3 and used for controlling the start and the close of the dust removal device 1 and the large surrounding device 3 according to the actual light emitting position and the smoke concentration of the laser cutting head.
The dust pelletizing effect is not enough in the laser beam machining field can be solved to the dust pelletizing system of preventing burning in this embodiment, leads to the waste gas that contains a large amount of metal dusts to spill over, endangers the health and pollutes the technical problem of atmospheric environment, guarantees that the workpiece surface is not polluted, need not secondary treatment, can directly use.
Example one
As shown in fig. 2, in the anti-burning dust removal system in this embodiment, the dust removal device 1 may include, for example, a gate valve 1-4, an air draft duct 1-5, a collection cover 1-1, a sealing cover 1-2, and a control actuator 1-3.
The air exhaust ducts 1-5 are positioned on two sides of the laser cutting machine body 5, the inlet ends of the air exhaust ducts are air exhaust openings, the gate valves 1-4 are arranged, and the outlet ends of the air exhaust ducts are connected with the smoke purification device.
The collecting cover 1-1 can be in a hopper shape, for example, the lower end of the collecting cover is connected with one end of a sealing cover 1-2, the other end of the sealing cover 1-2 is connected with a laser cutting machine body 5 in a sealing manner, and a plurality of dust removal areas are formed on the working table of the laser cutting machine; each dust removal area is provided with a collecting cover and two gate valves, and the gate valves are located below the plate to be cut.
The control executing element 1-3 is electrically connected with a control system of the laser cutting machine and used for controlling the opening and closing of the gate valve 1-4.
The air draft air duct 1-5 is connected with the collection cover 1-1 in the dust removal area in series, and the seal cover 1-2 is connected with the lathe bed 5 and the air draft air duct 1-5 to form a relative seal space, so that a plurality of micro negative pressure dust removal areas are formed. Each dust removal area corresponds to one set of gate valve 1-4, and each set of gate valve 1-4 corresponds to one set of control execution element 1-3.
As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, the gate valve has a flap structure, and has a large air volume, a small wind resistance, and a good guiding property, thereby ensuring the air volume and the wind speed of the cross section of each dust removal area.
Preferably, each dust removal area is provided with a wind speed sensor (not shown) for monitoring the wind speed of the dust removal area in real time.
In this embodiment, the burning prevention and dust removal system may further include, for example, a burning prevention device 2 for protecting the dust removal device; the burning prevention device 2 includes: the dust collection device comprises a fire-resistant plate 2-1, an anti-burning inner cavity 2-2 and a support frame 2-3, wherein the fire-resistant plate 2-1 is arranged on the outer side face, close to a dust removal area, of the collection cover 1-1 and located above the anti-burning inner cavity 2-2, and the anti-burning inner cavity 2-2 is formed by an installation plate arranged on the outer side face, close to the dust removal area, of the seal cover 1-2. The burning prevention device is tightly combined with the dust removal device, so that the defect of insufficient sealing caused by cutting the dust removal device during laser processing is effectively prevented, and the dust removal effect is reduced.
As shown in fig. 3, the large enclosure 3 may include, for example: a plurality of surrounding enclosing plates 3-1, a sealing structure 3-2 for sealing gaps among the enclosing plates 3-1, a first fan 3-5, an air valve 3-4 for supplying air to a cutting area and an air supply duct 3-3 for connecting the first fan 3-5 and the air valve 3-4 are formed at the periphery and the top of a laser cutting machine body 5; the first fan 3-5, the air valve 3-4 and the air supply duct 3-3 are connected in series on a large surrounding structure formed by the surrounding plate 3-1.
The air supply duct 3-5 and the air valve 3-4 are fixedly arranged at the top of the coaming at two sides of the large surrounding device, and the air valve 3-4 is fixedly arranged on the air supply duct 3-3;
the first fans 3-5 are fixedly arranged on two sides of a top enclosing plate of the large enclosing device.
Preferably, in the large enclosure device 3, a smoke sensor (not shown) connected to a control system of the laser cutting machine is arranged on the laser cutting machine bed 5 corresponding to each dust removal area, and is used for detecting the smoke concentration during the cutting process and feeding the smoke concentration back to the control system.
As shown in fig. 2, the smoke purifying apparatus 4 includes: 4-1 parts of spark catcher, 4-2 parts of second fan, 4-3 parts of purifying filter element, 4-4 parts of ash cleaning device and 4-5 parts of inner cavity;
the spark catcher 4-1 is used for intercepting waste gas containing sparks from entering a filter material, the inlet end of the spark catcher is connected with an air draft duct 1-5 of the dust removal device, and the inlet end of the spark catcher is provided with an adjusting valve 6 for adjusting the air speed of the dust removal device according to an instruction sent by a control system of the laser cutting machine;
the second fan 4-2 collects waste gas and dust through an inner cavity 4-5;
the purification filter element 4-3 purifies the waste gas and then discharges the waste gas into the atmosphere;
the ash removal device 4-4 is used for cleaning the purification filter element 4-3 after cutting, and specifically, a gas storage tank (not shown) is arranged in an inner cavity 4-5 of the smoke purification device 4, is positioned above the purification filter element 4-3, and is fixedly connected with the inner cavity 4-5. After the laser cutting is finished, the control system opens the gas storage tank by means of an electromagnetic valve arranged at the bottom of the gas storage tank, and cleans dust attached to a purification filter element 4-3 of the smoke purification device.
In this embodiment, the spark catcher effectively intercepts the flue gas that contains the spark and gets into the filter media, avoids the risk of catching fire. The second fan is collected waste gas and dust through the inner chamber, and waste gas discharges in the atmosphere after purifying filter core high efficiency purification. Through ash removal device, the efficiency of exhaust-gas treatment is improved, the service life of a purification filter element is prolonged, and the stability of a burning-resistant dust removal system is greatly improved.
In the burning-prevention dust removal system in the embodiment, the dust removal area where the cutting section is located is calculated and detected through the typesetting of the jacking software, the gate valve in the dust removal device is in a state of waiting to be opened and closed, waste gas containing a large amount of metal dust is generated by cutting, and the waste gas is collected through the dust removal device 1. When the increase of waste gas is influenced by factors such as processing materials, cutting process and the like, the concentration of the waste gas is detected by the smoke sensor in the dust removal device 1 and fed back to the control system of the laser cutting machine, and meanwhile, the control system gives instructions to the large surrounding device 3. The large surrounding device 3 opens the auxiliary dust removal device 1 to efficiently complete the collection of the flue gas. The collected waste gas is converted and treated by the smoke purification device 4 in real time, and the waste gas is discharged into the air through a chimney after being purified.
Example two
Based on the burning prevention and dust removal system in the foregoing embodiment, the present embodiment provides a dust removal method for a laser cutting machine, where the method includes:
in the laser cutting process, at least one dust removal area corresponding to a light outlet area of a laser cutting head is opened, waste gas and dust generated in the cutting process of the laser cutting head are collected, and the waste gas and the dust enter a smoke purification device for purification treatment through a micro negative pressure dust removal environment;
the micro negative pressure dust removal environment is a semi-closed space formed by the lathe bed and the dust removal device.
Wherein, in the laser cutting process, at least one dust removal region that corresponds with the light-emitting region of laser cutting head opens, includes:
when the plate to be processed is positioned on the workbench, a control system of the laser cutting machine is combined with typesetting software to detect a dust removal area where the cutting section is positioned through coordinates;
the control system starts the smoke purification device after the laser cutting machine is started; and sending a starting instruction to a control execution element of a dust removal area corresponding to the light emitting area according to the current light emitting area of the laser cutting head so as to start the dust removal area.
Meanwhile, the control system receives the smoke concentration detected by the smoke sensor and judges whether the smoke concentration exceeds a preset numerical value, if so, the first fan in the large surrounding device is started to supply air according to the smoke concentration so as to assist the dust removal device in collecting waste gas and dust generated in cutting of the laser cutting head.
Preferably, after the laser cutting is finished, the control system opens the air storage tank by means of an electromagnetic valve arranged at the bottom of the air storage tank, so that the compressed air in the air storage tank can clean the dust attached to the purification filter element of the smoke purification device.
At this point, the single dust removal cycle ends.
The burning-prevention dust removal method in the embodiment effectively solves the technical problems that waste gas overflows, human health is harmed and the atmospheric environment is polluted due to insufficient dust removal effect in the field of laser processing. The high-efficiency intelligent identification partition dust removal is added in the prior art, the problem of insufficient dust removal effect due to the combination of a burning prevention dust removal system is solved, and the waste overflow is caused to pollute the atmospheric environment and harm the health of human bodies. In addition, the problem that the surface of the workpiece is polluted, so that the workpiece can be used only by secondary treatment is solved.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic distribution diagram of the coordinate position corresponding to the dust-removing area, which includes several independent partitions, which may be marked as: a1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and A6, wherein each independent subarea is a dedusting area. And when the cutting path continues to more than two independent partitions, the cutting path is a cross-domain partition. It is within the scope of the present invention to collectively refer to cross-domain partitions in coordinate locations, whether in any form or kind of combination.
As described above, there are the following different cases according to the dust removal area where the cutting path is located:
the cutting paths of the laser cutting head are all located within a single dusting area, for example either within the a1 zone or the a2 zone, and the laser cutting head is in a stopped cutting state when it is moved from one dusting area to another, for example from the a1 zone to the a2 zone.
The cutting path of the laser cutting head continues through two or more dust removal areas, such as the a1 and a2 zones, and the laser cutting head is in a cutting state as it moves along the cutting path from one dust removal area to another, such as from the a1 zone to the a2 zone.
In this embodiment, the dust removing method of this embodiment will be described in detail according to the different conditions of the dust removing area where the cutting path is located.
Firstly, when the cutting paths of the laser cutting head are all located in a single dust removing area (for example, a first dust removing area), the control system sends an opening instruction to a control execution element of the dust removing area according to the dust removing area where the laser cutting head emits light, that is, the dust removing area where the laser cutting head is currently cutting, so as to open the dust removing area, wherein the opening instruction includes:
the control system obtains the air draft speed v of the dust removal area according to the air draft Q of the dust removal area and the cutting section in the dust removal area;
wherein the draft Q of the dust removal area is obtained by formula 1:
Q=3600*Fdrawer*VDrawer
Wherein Q is the air draft of the dust removal system and the unit m3/h；FDrawerIs the ventilation area of the suction opening, i.e. the opening section of the gate valve, in m2；VDrawerThe average wind speed of the suction opening of the gate valve is a preset parameter in m/s.
The induced draft wind speed v is obtained by formula 2:
v=Q/（W*L*3600）
wherein W is the effective cutting width of the cutting section in m; l is the effective cutting length of the cutting section in m; v is the air draft speed of the dust removal area, and the unit is m/s.
The control system is based on the VDrawerOpening a gate valve of the suction opening of the dust removal area, receiving the real-time wind speed V1 detected by a wind speed sensor of the dust removal area, and controlling the real-time wind speed according to V1 and VDrawerAnd the control execution element generates and sends an adjusting instruction to adjust the opening section of the gate valve in the first dust removal area. For example, when V1 is less than VDrawerWhen it is, V will beDrawerAdjusted to VDrawerK6m/s, thereby adjusting the induced draft wind speed v of the dust removal area.
When the laser cutting head finishes cutting in the first dust removal area and moves to the second dust removal area, the laser cutting head is in a cutting stop state in the moving process.
The control system sends an opening instruction to a control execution element of a second dust removal area needing to be opened according to the movement of the laser cutting head; and
the control system sends a closing instruction to a control execution element of a first dust removal area, and the control execution element of the first dust removal area delays a first preset time period to close the gate valve according to the closing instruction;
or the control system sends a closing instruction to a control execution element of a first dust removal area after a first preset time period, and the control execution element of the first dust removal area closes the gate valve according to the closing instruction.
When the laser cutting head emits light in the second dust removal area, the steps are the same as those in the first dust removal area, and the description is omitted here until the whole cutting process is completed.
When the cutting path of the laser cutting head continues through two or more dust removal areas, the laser cutting head will be in a cutting state moving from one dust removal area to another along the cutting path. The dust removing method of this case will be described in detail below, and it should be understood that the detailed description is only exemplary. The first dust extraction zone and the second dust extraction zone referred to below are not meant to be exclusive and it will also be appreciated that a third dust extraction zone may be present, depending on the dust extraction zone through which the cutting path passes.
At the moment, the control system respectively acquires the air draft speeds v of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area according to the air draft amounts of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area which are passed by the cutting path and the cutting cross sections matched with the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area; the induced draft wind speed v is obtained according to the above formulas 1 and 2, and is not described again.
The control system is based on the VDrawerAnd gate valves for opening the air suction openings of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area respectively.
Meanwhile, receiving the real-time wind speed V1 detected by the wind speed sensor of the first dust removal area or the second dust removal area according to the size of the cutting section in the dust removal area, and comparing V1 with VDrawerAnd according to the comparison result, the control system generates and sends an adjusting instruction of a control executive element for the first dust removal area or the second dust removal area so as to adjust the opening section of the gate valve of the first dust removal area or the second dust removal area and obtain the air draft speed required by the dust removal area.
Specifically, when the cutting path cuts across the regions of a1 and a2, the gate valves 1-4 corresponding to the regions of a1 and a2 are opened, and the following conditions occur:
when the cutting section is more than A2 in A1 zone, the wind speed of A1 zone is transmittedThe sensor detects that the wind speed value of the dust removal area of the A1 partition is less than VDrawerThen, the wind speed of a suction opening of a gate valve 1-4 of the A1 partition is adjusted by an adjusting valve 6 from VDrawerAdjusted to VDrawer*K6m/s。
When the cutting section is in the A1 subarea < A2 subarea, the A2 subarea wind speed sensor detects that the wind speed value of the A2 subarea dust-removing area is less than VDrawerThen, the wind speed of a suction opening of a gate valve 1-4 of the A2 partition is adjusted by an adjusting valve 6 from VDrawerAdjusted to VDrawer*K6m/s。
When the cutting section is in the A1 partition = A2 partition, the control system feeds back to the regulating valve 6, and the wind speeds of the suction openings of the A1 partition gate valve 1-4 and the A2 partition gate valve 1-4 are equal.
Until the whole cutting process is completed.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the smoke concentration during cutting will be monitored in real time using, for example, smoke sensors (not shown) located within the large enclosure 3, on the laser cutting machine bed 5, one for each dust removal zone. And the smoke sensor feeds back a monitoring result to the control system. And when the smoke concentration exceeds a preset value, the control system starts a first fan in the large enclosure device according to the corresponding relation between the smoke concentration and the wind speed of the suction opening and the wind speed of the air supply opening, and adjusts the opening section of a gate valve in the corresponding dust removal area and the wind speed value in the corresponding dust removal area.
In this embodiment, the correspondence between the smoke concentration and the wind speed may be as follows:
when the smoke concentration is 0.65-0.9% FT, the air speed of the air outlet of the large enclosure device is Xm/s, and the air speed of the gate valve in the dust removal area is V with the speed of 1-4 unchangedDrawerm/s。
When the smoke concentration is 1.0-1.2% FT, the wind speed of the air outlet of the large enclosure device is adjusted to X K1m/s from X, and the wind speed of the gate valve 1-4 in the dust removal area is adjusted to VDrawer*K1m/s。
When the smoke concentration is 1.3-1.5% FT, the wind speed of the air outlet of the large enclosure device is adjusted from X to K2m/s, and the wind speed of the gate valve 1-4 in the dust removal area is adjusted to VDrawer*K2m/s。
When the smoke concentration is 1.6-2.0% FT, the wind speed of the air outlet of the large enclosure device is adjusted to X X K3m/s from X, and the wind speed of the gate valve 1-4 in the dust removal area is adjusted to VDrawer*K3m/s。
When the smoke concentration is 2.1-3.0% FT, the wind speed of the air outlet of the large enclosure device is adjusted to X X K4m/s from X, and the wind speed of the gate valve 1-4 in the dust removal area is adjusted to VDrawer*K4m/s。
When the smoke concentration is more than 3.0% FT, the wind speed of the air supply outlet of the large enclosure device is adjusted to X X K5m/s from X, and the wind speed of a gate valve 1-4 in the dust removal area is adjusted to VDrawer*K5m/s。
K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, W1 are adjustable weighting coefficients, and K1<K2<K3<K4<K5<K6。X、VDrawerIs preset parameters, wherein X can be 5-20m/s, and VDrawerAnd may be 20-40 m/s. For example, when oxygen is used to cut carbon steel 3-10mm thick, VDrawerCan be set to 30-40m/s, V when cutting a stainless steel plate 3-10mm thick using nitrogen gasDrawerCan be set to 20-25 m/s.
The air is supplied through the large surrounding device, so that the air sequentially forms a dust removing path through the large surrounding device, the dust removing area, the gate valve and the air draft duct. The large surrounding device 3 can effectively prevent the smoke from overflowing, so that the dust removal device 1 can efficiently collect the waste gas. Through the protective action of the burning prevention device 2 on the sealing cover 1-2, the micro negative pressure environment in a dust removal area can be guaranteed, waste gas containing a large amount of metal dust and dust containing mars can efficiently pass through the air draft air duct 1-5 under the action of the second fan 4-2, then the waste gas is treated through the spark catcher 4-1, and the waste gas for filtering the mars dust is collected into the inner cavity 4-5. The inner cavity is purified by a purifying filter element 4-3 installed in a diversion way, and the waste gas is discharged into the air through a chimney after being purified.
To this end, the single dedusting cycle ends.
Further preferably, after the end of a single dust removal cycle, the control system opens the air tank by means of an electromagnetic valve provided at the bottom of the air tank, so that the compressed air stored in the air tank cleans dust attached to the purification cartridge of the smoke purification apparatus. Wherein the gas pressure of the compressed air can be controlled to be 0.4-1MPa, for example.
Example four
Based on the above burning-resistant dust removal system and the burning-resistant dust removal method, the embodiment provides a laser cutting machine, which comprises a machine body, a laser cutting head and the burning-resistant dust removal system in the embodiment, wherein the burning-resistant dust removal system is installed on the machine body in an area corresponding to laser cutting.
The laser cutting machine in this embodiment has solved dust removal effect not enough in the laser beam machining field, and the workpiece surface receives the pollution, leads to needing the secondary treatment condition that can use. By the system and the method, the problem of waste gas pollution caused by a large amount of metal dust is effectively solved, and the surface of the workpiece can be directly used without secondary treatment.
For a better understanding of the solution in the embodiments of the present invention, the following is also provided:
a1, a dust removal method of a laser cutting machine, wherein a burning-resistant dust removal system is arranged on a machine body of the laser cutting machine, and the burning-resistant dust removal system comprises: the laser cutting device comprises a dust removal device and a smoke purification device, wherein the dust removal device is used for collecting waste gas and dust generated in laser cutting and is provided with a plurality of dust removal areas, and the smoke purification device is used for treating the waste gas and the dust collected by the dust removal device, and the method comprises the following steps:
in the laser cutting process, at least one dust removal area corresponding to a light outlet area of a laser cutting head is opened, waste gas and dust generated in the cutting process of the laser cutting head are collected, and the waste gas and the dust enter a smoke purification device for purification treatment through a micro negative pressure dust removal environment;
the micro negative pressure dust removal environment is a semi-closed space formed by the lathe bed and the dust removal device.
A2, the method according to a1, wherein during laser cutting, at least one dust removing area corresponding to the light emergent area of the laser cutting head is opened, comprising:
when the plate to be processed is positioned on the workbench, the control system detects the dust removal area where the cutting section is positioned through coordinates by combining typesetting software;
the control system starts the smoke purification device after the laser cutting machine is started; and sending a starting instruction to a control execution element of a dust removal area corresponding to the light emitting area according to the current light emitting area of the laser cutting head so as to start the dust removal area.
A3, the method according to A1, wherein the burning prevention and dust removal system further comprises a large surrounding device for assisting a dust removal device to efficiently collect waste gas, the large surrounding device is positioned at the periphery of the dust removal device, a smoke sensor connected with a control system is arranged on the body of the laser cutting machine in the large surrounding device, and the method further comprises the following steps:
the control system receives the smoke concentration detected by the smoke sensor;
judging whether the smoke concentration exceeds a preset numerical value, if so, starting a first fan in the large surrounding device according to the smoke concentration so as to assist the dust removal device in collecting waste gas and dust generated in cutting of the laser cutting head.
A4, the method of A1, the burning prevention and dust removal system further comprising: the gas storage tank is arranged in the smoke purification device; the method further comprises the following steps:
after the laser cutting is finished, the control system opens the gas storage tank by means of an electromagnetic valve arranged at the bottom of the gas storage tank so as to clean dust attached to a purification filter element of the smoke purification device.
A5, the method of A1, the burning prevention and dust removal system further comprising: the burning prevention device is arranged on the dust removal device and used for protecting the dust removal device;
the micro negative pressure dust removal environment is a semi-closed space formed by the lathe bed, the dust removal device and the burning prevention device.
A6, according to the method of A2, each dust removal area is provided with a wind speed sensor for monitoring the wind speed of the dust removal area, a gate valve is installed at an air suction opening of the dust removal device in the dust removal area, and the gate valve is connected with the smoke purification device through an air suction duct of the dust removal device;
when the cutting path of the laser cutting head is only in a single dust removal area, the sending of an opening instruction to a control execution element of a dust removal area corresponding to the light exit area according to the current light exit area of the laser cutting head so as to open the dust removal area includes:
the control system acquires the air draft speed of the dust removal area according to the air draft of the dust removal area, the cutting section in the dust removal area and the ventilation area of the air draft opening of the dust removal area;
the control system opens the gate valve of the suction opening of the dust removal area according to the preset wind speed, receives the real-time wind speed detected by the wind speed sensor of the dust removal area, and generates and sends an adjusting instruction of the control executive element used for the dust removal area according to the preset wind speed and the real-time wind speed so as to adjust the opening section of the gate valve of the dust removal area.
A7, the method of A6, the method further comprising:
the control system sends an opening instruction to a control execution element of another dust removal area needing to be opened when the other dust removal area corresponding to the cutting section needs to be opened according to the movement of the laser cutting head; and
the control system sends a closing instruction to a control execution element of a previous dust removal area, and the control execution element of the previous dust removal area delays a first preset time period to close the gate valve according to the closing instruction;
or the control system sends a closing instruction to the control execution element of the previous dust removal area after a first preset time period, and the control execution element of the previous dust removal area closes the gate valve according to the closing instruction;
and in the moving process of the laser cutting head from the previous dust removal area to the other dust removal area, the laser cutting head is in a cutting stop state.
A8, according to the method of A2, each dust removal area is provided with a wind speed sensor for monitoring the wind speed of the dust removal area, the air suction opening of the dust removal device in the dust removal area is provided with a gate valve, and the gate valve is connected with the smoke purification device through the air suction duct of the dust removal device;
when the cutting path of the laser cutting head continues in more than two dust removal areas, the step of sending an opening instruction to a control execution element of the dust removal area corresponding to the light exit area according to the current light exit area of the laser cutting head so as to open the dust removal area comprises the following steps:
the control system acquires the air draft speeds of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area according to the air draft speeds of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area, the cutting sections matched with the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area and the ventilation area of an air draft opening of the dust removal area;
the control system respectively opens gate valves of the air inlets of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area according to preset air speed,
meanwhile, according to the size of the cutting section in the dust removing area, receiving the real-time wind speed detected by the wind speed sensor of the first dust removing area or the second dust removing area, and according to the preset wind speed and the real-time wind speed, the control execution element generates and sends an adjustment instruction for the control execution element of the first dust removing area or the second dust removing area so as to adjust the opening section of the gate valve of the first dust removing area or the second dust removing area.
A9, the method according to A8, wherein the cutting path of the laser cutting head continues in more than two dust removal areas, and the laser cutting head is in a cutting state during the movement of the laser cutting head between different dust removal areas.
A10, the method according to A3, wherein the first fan in the large enclosure is started according to the smoke concentration and the corresponding relation between the smoke concentration and the air supply speed,
or,
and starting a first fan in the large surrounding device according to the smoke concentration and the corresponding relation between the smoke concentration and the air supply speed, and adjusting the opening section of a gate valve in a dust removal area corresponding to the cutting work area.
B11, an anti-burning dust removal system for a laser cutting machine, comprising:
a dust removing device (1) mounted on the bed of the laser cutting machine, the dust removing device having a plurality of dust removing areas for collecting waste gas and dust during laser cutting;
the smoke purification device (4) is communicated with the dust removal device and is used for treating the waste gas and the dust collected by the dust removal device;
in the laser cutting process of the laser cutting machine, at least one dust removal area of the dust removal device is opened, and the dust removal area and the lathe bed of the dust removal device form a micro-negative pressure dust removal environment.
B12, the anti-burning dust removal system as B11,
the dust removal device also comprises a large surrounding device (3) which is positioned at the periphery of the dust removal device and is used for assisting the dust removal device to collect waste gas and dust so as to avoid the waste gas from overflowing;
the large enclosure device comprises: a plurality of enclosing plates (3-1), a sealing structure (3-2) for sealing gaps among the enclosing plates, a first fan (3-5), an air valve (3-4) for supplying air to a cutting area and an air supply duct (3-3) for connecting the first fan and the air valve are formed around and at the top of the laser cutting machine body;
the air duct and the air valve are fixedly arranged at the tops of the enclosing plates on two sides of the large enclosing device;
the first fans are fixedly arranged on two sides of a surrounding plate at the top of the large surrounding device.
B13, the anti-burning dust removal system as B11,
the dust removal device comprises a gate valve (1-4), an air draft duct (1-5), a collection cover (1-1), a sealing cover (1-2) and a control execution element (1-3);
the air draft air ducts are positioned at two sides of the lathe body of the laser cutting machine, the inlet ends of the air draft air ducts are connected with the gate valve, and the outlet ends of the air draft air ducts are connected with the smoke purification device;
the sealing cover is connected with the lathe body of the laser cutting machine in a sealing way, and a plurality of dust removal areas are formed on the working table surface of the laser cutting machine;
the control execution element is electrically connected with the control device and is used for controlling the opening and closing of the gate valve.
B14, the anti-burning dust removal system as B13,
the device also comprises a burning prevention device (2) for protecting the dust removal device;
the burning prevention device comprises: the dust collection device comprises a fire-resistant plate (2-1), an anti-burning inner cavity (2-2) and a support frame (2-3), wherein the fire-resistant plate (2-1) is arranged on the outer side face, close to a dust removal area, of a collection cover (1-1) and located above the anti-burning inner cavity (2-2), and the anti-burning inner cavity (2-2) is formed by an installation plate arranged on the outer side face, close to the dust removal area, of the seal cover (2-1).
B15, the anti-burning dust removal system as B13,
each dedusting area is provided with at least one set of gate valve, and each set of gate valve corresponds to one set of control execution element.
B16, the anti-burning dust removal system as B11,
the fume purification device comprises: a spark catcher (4-1), a second fan (4-2), a purifying filter element (4-3), a dust cleaning device (4-4) and an inner cavity (4-5);
the spark catcher is used for intercepting waste gas containing sparks from entering the filter material, and the inlet end of the spark catcher is connected with the dust removal device;
the second fan collects waste gas through the inner cavity;
the purification filter element purifies waste gas and then discharges the waste gas into the atmosphere;
the ash removal device is used for cleaning the purification filter element after the cutting is finished.
C17, a laser cutting machine, including lathe bed and laser cutting head, still include: the burning-resistant dust removal system of any one of B11-B16, wherein the burning-resistant dust removal system is arranged on the lathe bed corresponding to the laser cutting area.
The above examples merely represent some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. The dust removal method of the laser cutting machine is characterized in that a burning-resistant dust removal system is arranged on a machine body of the laser cutting machine, and the burning-resistant dust removal system comprises: the laser cutting device comprises a dust removal device and a smoke purification device, wherein the dust removal device is used for collecting waste gas and dust generated in laser cutting and is provided with a plurality of dust removal areas, and the smoke purification device is used for treating the waste gas and the dust collected by the dust removal device, and the method comprises the following steps:
in the laser cutting process, at least one dust removal area corresponding to a light outlet area of a laser cutting head is opened, waste gas and dust generated in the cutting process of the laser cutting head are collected, and the waste gas and the dust enter a smoke purification device for purification treatment through a micro negative pressure dust removal environment;
the micro negative pressure dust removal environment is a semi-closed space formed by the lathe bed and the dust removal device;
the dust removal device comprises a gate valve (1-4), an air draft duct (1-5), a collection cover (1-1), a sealing cover (1-2) and a control execution element (1-3);
the collecting cover (1-1) is hopper-shaped, the lower end of the collecting cover is connected with one end of the sealing cover (1-2), and the other end of the sealing cover (1-2) is hermetically connected with the bed body of the laser cutting machine and the air draft ducts (1-5) on the two sides of the bed body, so that the micro negative pressure dust removal environment is formed on the working table surface of the laser cutting machine;
the control execution element (1-3) is electrically connected with a control device of the laser cutting machine and is used for controlling the opening and closing of the gate valve (1-4);
the burning-prevention dust removal system further comprises: a big surround device for assisting dust collector high efficiency collects waste gas, it is peripheral that big surround the device and is located dust collector includes: a plurality of enclosing plates (3-1), a sealing structure (3-2) for sealing gaps among the enclosing plates, a first fan (3-5), an air valve (3-4) for supplying air to a cutting area and an air supply duct (3-3) for connecting the first fan and the air valve are formed around and at the top of the laser cutting machine body;
a smoke sensor connected with a control system is arranged in the large surrounding device and on the laser cutting machine body, and the method also comprises the following steps:
the control system receives the smoke concentration detected by the smoke sensor;
judging whether the smoke concentration exceeds a preset numerical value, if so, starting a first fan (3-5) in the large surrounding device to supply air to an air valve (3-4) through an air supply duct (3-3) according to the smoke concentration, and blowing air towards a cutting area by the air valve (3-4) so as to assist the dust removal device to collect waste gas and dust generated in the cutting process of the laser cutting head;
when the cutting path of the laser cutting head continues over more than two dust removal zones,
the control system acquires the air draft speeds of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area according to the air draft speeds of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area, the cutting sections matched with the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area and the ventilation area of an air draft opening of the dust removal area;
the control system respectively opens gate valves of the air inlets of the first dust removal area and the second dust removal area according to preset air speed,
meanwhile, according to the size of the cutting section in the dust removal area, receiving the real-time wind speed detected by a wind speed sensor of the first dust removal area or the second dust removal area, and according to the preset wind speed and the real-time wind speed, generating an adjusting instruction for a control executive element of the first dust removal area or the second dust removal area by the control executive element and sending the adjusting instruction to adjust the opening section of the gate valve of the first dust removal area or the second dust removal area;
when the area of the cutting section in the first dust removing area is larger than that of the cutting section in the second dust removing area, the wind speed sensor in the first dust removing area detects that the wind speed value of the dust removing area in the first dust removing area is smaller than the preset wind speed VDrawerThen, the control system of the laser cutting machine adjusts the wind speed of a suction opening at a gate valve (1-4) in a first dust removal area from VDrawerAdjusted to VDrawerK6m/s, K6 is an adjustable weighting coefficient;
when the area of the cutting section in the first dust removing area is smaller than that of the cutting section in the second dust removing area, the wind speed sensor in the second dust removing area detects that the wind speed value of the dust removing area of the second dust removing area is smaller than the preset wind speed VDrawerThen, the control system of the laser cutting machine adjusts the wind speed of a suction opening at a gate valve (1-4) in a second dust removal area from VDrawerAdjusted to VDrawerK6m/s, K6 is an adjustable weighting coefficient;
when the area of the cutting section in the first dust removing area is equal to the area of the cutting section in the second dust removing area, the control system of the laser cutting machine enables the air speed of an air suction opening at a gate valve (1-4) in the first dust removing area to be equal to the air speed of an air suction opening at a gate valve (1-4) in the second dust removing area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein during laser cutting, at least one dust removal region corresponding to a light exit region of a laser cutting head is open, comprising:
when the plate to be processed is positioned on the workbench, the control system detects the dust removal area where the cutting section is positioned through coordinates by combining typesetting software;
the control system starts the smoke purification device after the laser cutting machine is started; and sending a starting instruction to a control execution element of a dust removal area corresponding to the light emitting area according to the current light emitting area of the laser cutting head so as to start the dust removal area.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the burn-resistant and dust-removal system further comprises: the gas storage tank is arranged in the smoke purification device; the method further comprises the following steps:
after the laser cutting is finished, the control system opens the gas storage tank by means of an electromagnetic valve arranged at the bottom of the gas storage tank so as to clean dust attached to a purification filter element of the smoke purification device.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the burn-resistant and dust-removal system further comprises: the burning prevention device is arranged on the dust removal device and used for protecting the dust removal device;
the micro negative pressure dust removal environment is a semi-closed space formed by the lathe bed, the dust removal device and the burning prevention device.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein each dust removing area is provided with a wind speed sensor for monitoring the wind speed of the dust removing area, the dust removing device is provided with a gate valve at an air suction opening of the dust removing area, and the gate valve is connected with the smoke purification device through an air suction duct of the dust removing device;
when the cutting path of the laser cutting head is only in a single dust removal area, the sending of an opening instruction to a control execution element of a dust removal area corresponding to the light exit area according to the current light exit area of the laser cutting head so as to open the dust removal area includes:
the control system acquires the air draft speed of the dust removal area according to the air draft of the dust removal area, the cutting section in the dust removal area and the ventilation area of the air draft opening of the dust removal area;
the control system opens the gate valve of the suction opening of the dust removal area according to the preset wind speed, receives the real-time wind speed detected by the wind speed sensor of the dust removal area, and generates and sends an adjusting instruction of the control executive element used for the dust removal area according to the preset wind speed and the real-time wind speed so as to adjust the opening section of the gate valve of the dust removal area.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
the control system sends an opening instruction to a control execution element of another dust removal area needing to be opened when the other dust removal area corresponding to the cutting section needs to be opened according to the movement of the laser cutting head; and
the control system sends a closing instruction to a control execution element of a previous dust removal area, and the control execution element of the previous dust removal area delays a first preset time period to close the gate valve according to the closing instruction;
or the control system sends a closing instruction to the control execution element of the previous dust removal area after a first preset time period, and the control execution element of the previous dust removal area closes the gate valve according to the closing instruction;
and in the moving process of the laser cutting head from the previous dust removal area to the other dust removal area, the laser cutting head is in a cutting stop state.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein each dust removing area is provided with a wind speed sensor for monitoring the wind speed of the dust removing area, the dust removing device is provided with a gate valve at an air suction opening of the dust removing area, and the gate valve is connected with the smoke purification device through an air suction duct of the dust removing device;
when the cutting path of the laser cutting head is continued to more than two dust removal areas, the control execution element of the dust removal area corresponding to the light output area sends an opening instruction according to the current light output area of the laser cutting head so as to open the dust removal area.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the cutting path of the laser cutting head continues over more than two dust removal zones, the laser cutting head being in a cutting state during movement of the laser cutting head between different dust removal zones.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein a first fan in the large enclosure is activated based on the smoke concentration and the corresponding relationship between the smoke concentration and the supply air speed,
or,
and starting a first fan in the large surrounding device according to the smoke concentration and the corresponding relation between the smoke concentration and the air supply speed, and adjusting the opening section of a gate valve in a dust removal area corresponding to the cutting work area.
10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the burn-resistant dusting system comprises:
a dust removing device (1) mounted on the bed of the laser cutting machine, the dust removing device having a plurality of dust removing areas for collecting waste gas and dust during laser cutting;
the smoke purification device (4) is communicated with the dust removal device and is used for treating the waste gas and the dust collected by the dust removal device;
the large surrounding device (3) is positioned at the periphery of the dust removal device and is used for assisting the dust removal device to collect waste gas and dust so as to avoid overflow of the waste gas;
the large enclosure device comprises: a plurality of enclosing plates (3-1), a sealing structure (3-2) for sealing gaps among the enclosing plates, a first fan (3-5), an air valve (3-4) for supplying air to a cutting area and an air supply duct (3-3) for connecting the first fan and the air valve are formed around and at the top of the laser cutting machine body;
the air duct and the air valve are fixedly arranged at the tops of the enclosing plates on two sides of the large enclosing device;
the first fans are fixedly arranged on two sides of a surrounding plate at the top of the large surrounding device;
in the laser cutting process of the laser cutting machine, at least one dust removal area of the dust removal device is opened, and the dust removal area and the lathe bed of the dust removal device form a micro-negative pressure dust removal environment;
the dust removal device (1) comprises a gate valve (1-4), an air draft duct (1-5), a collection cover (1-1), a sealing cover (1-2) and a control execution element (1-3);
the air draft air ducts (1-5) are positioned at two sides of the machine body of the laser cutting machine, the inlet ends of the air draft air ducts are connected with the gate valves (1-4), and the outlet ends of the air draft air ducts are connected with the smoke purification device (4);
the collecting cover (1-1) is hopper-shaped, the lower end of the collecting cover is connected with one end of the sealing cover (1-2), and the other end of the sealing cover (1-2) is hermetically connected with the laser cutting machine body and the air draft ducts (1-5) on the two sides of the laser cutting machine body, so that a micro negative pressure dust removal environment is formed on the working table surface of the laser cutting machine;
the control execution element (1-3) is electrically connected with a control device of the laser cutting machine and used for controlling the opening and closing of the gate valve (1-4).
11. The method of claim 10,
the burning-prevention and dust-removal system also comprises a burning-prevention device (2) which is used for protecting the dust-removal device;
the burning prevention device comprises: the dust collection device comprises a fire-resistant plate (2-1), an anti-burning inner cavity (2-2) and a support frame (2-3), wherein the fire-resistant plate (2-1) is arranged on the outer side face, close to a dust removal area, of a collection cover (1-1) and located above the anti-burning inner cavity (2-2), and the anti-burning inner cavity (2-2) is formed by an installation plate arranged on the outer side face, close to the dust removal area, of the seal cover (2-1).
12. The method of claim 10,
each dedusting area is provided with at least one set of gate valve, and each set of gate valve corresponds to one set of control execution element.
13. The method of claim 10,
the fume purification device comprises: a spark catcher (4-1), a second fan (4-2), a purifying filter element (4-3), a dust cleaning device (4-4) and an inner cavity (4-5);
the spark catcher is used for intercepting waste gas containing sparks from entering the filter material, and the inlet end of the spark catcher is connected with the dust removal device;
the second fan collects waste gas through the inner cavity;
the purification filter element purifies waste gas and then discharges the waste gas into the atmosphere;
the ash removal device is used for cleaning the purification filter element after the cutting is finished.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the laser cutting machine comprises a bed, a laser cutting head, and a burn-in prevention system mounted on the bed in an area corresponding to the laser cutting.
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| CN111604588A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-01 | 曹福金 | Method for cutting log by using nitrogen flame-retardant laser |
| CN113458599B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-10 | 济南邦德激光股份有限公司 | Movable dust removal method of laser cutting machine |
| CN117697128B (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-05-14 | 山东森峰激光装备有限公司 | Dust removing system of three-dimensional laser cutting machine |
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