CN111134904A - 仿生人工髋关节 - Google Patents

仿生人工髋关节 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111134904A
CN111134904A CN201911071996.4A CN201911071996A CN111134904A CN 111134904 A CN111134904 A CN 111134904A CN 201911071996 A CN201911071996 A CN 201911071996A CN 111134904 A CN111134904 A CN 111134904A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
femoral
hip joint
femoral stem
artificial hip
bearing part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201911071996.4A
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English (en)
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CN111134904B (zh
Inventor
朱红文
黄国富
董荣华
朱天谋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guizhou outras Technology Co.,Ltd.
Original Assignee
Tianjin Fuhua Medical Technology Co ltd
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Publication of CN111134904A publication Critical patent/CN111134904A/zh
Priority to US17/088,400 priority Critical patent/US11413153B2/en
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Publication of CN111134904B publication Critical patent/CN111134904B/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种仿生人工髋关节，该人工髋关节包括位于股骨体外部上方的股骨柄，在所述股骨柄上设置有外凸的承力部；所述承力部与大转子上骨皮质的内侧抵接，承担部分纵向应力；其镂空设计，便于植骨，使得假体与大转子长合为一体；置换手术可以保留大转子上坚硬的骨皮质，为该股骨柄提供另外一个着力点，进一步提高仿生人工髋关节与股骨体之间连接的稳定性。股骨柄远端的设计也是与正常股骨骨髓腔结构相符的(微)弧形设计，该设计在增加股骨柄与骨髓腔的接触面积的同时可以最大限度的保留骨皮质厚度，使得术后股骨体的强度更高。因为左右侧股骨干的生理弧度对称且相反；因此在股骨柄上部设置有插销，该插销能够满足左右两侧股骨柄置换的需求。

Description

仿生人工髋关节
技术领域
本发明涉及种医用人工关节假体，具体涉及一种仿生人工髋关节。
背景技术
人体髋关节为大腿骨(股骨)与骨盆所形成的关节，髋关节是一种球形的关节，包含一个球形的股骨头和一个类似于碗状的髋臼，球状外表层及碗状物内表层均覆盖有平滑的软骨，滑囊膜分泌粘液使摩擦降低至最小。当髋关节产生病变时，软骨不再平滑，滑膜囊因发炎而萎缩，所以髋关节再也不能像平常一样运转自如。当髋关节因退化、病变或外伤导致疼痛、僵硬或变形，甚至行动不便，无法以药物或其他治疗方法缓解症状时，通常会以手术的方式为病人置换人工髋关节，以期待使病人恢复日常的活动能力。
人工髋关节假体仿照人体髋关节的结构，包括用于替换髋臼的假体金属杯和用于替换股骨头的球形端头，其中该球形端头固定在股骨柄上，在所述股骨柄的下端设置有插销，通过将插销插入股骨髓腔的方式将股骨柄固定在人体股骨上；通过球形端头与髋臼或假体金属杯形成旋转机构，实现股骨的曲伸和运动。
在现有的人工髋关节置换手术中，可以根据具体的伤情、病情，选择置换类似于碗状的髋臼，或者置换带有球形端头的股骨柄，还可以二者同时置换；但是在使用一段时间后，股骨柄与其所在的股骨之间的紧密程度逐渐降低，二者之间会变得松动，在身体压力的作用下，股骨柄及其上的插销进一步下沉，导致患者两条腿的长短不一，还会进一步影响髋关节的正常生理功能；
由于上述问题的存在，本发明人对现有的仿生人工髋关节做了深入研究，发现现有的股骨柄上的插销都呈直杆状，为了将该插销插入到股骨的髓腔中，医生需要在患者髓腔的中部钻出较深的孔洞，该孔洞自然也是以竖直的孔洞为优，然而人体股骨是有生理弯曲的，并非真正的直杆状，所以在准备现有的人工髋关节安装所需孔洞时，必然不仅仅要破坏骨松质，还不得不破坏部分皮质骨，使得股骨整体的强度降低；而且，直杆状的结构对于竖直方向作用力的承载能力主要集中在内测髁部分；
而且，为了安装现有的人工髋关节，需要将股骨上的股骨头、股骨颈连同大转子上的部分骨皮质一同切除，使得股骨体与人工髋关节之间的连接能力变弱；
另外，现有的人工髋关节与股骨体之间为硬碰硬连接，缺乏缓冲机制，每次行走都是一次刚性冲击，经年累月下来，必然会导致较为严重的磨损破坏；
这些都是导致现有技术中仿生人工髋关节存在耐久性不足、强度不够、与股骨的连接易变形等诸多缺点的直接原因。
发明内容
为了克服上述问题，本发明人进行了锐意研究，设计出一种仿生人工髋关节，该人工髋关节包括位于股骨体外部上方的股骨柄，在所述股骨柄上设置有外凸的承力部；所述承力部与大转子上骨皮质的内侧抵接，承载部分纵向应力；镂空装设计便于植骨，能够与大转子上骨皮质长合为一体，进一步提高仿生人工髋关节与股骨体之间连接的稳定性；在股骨柄中部和下部为有带有预定弧度的设计，该设计使得股骨柄能够沿着股骨髓腔的生理弧度插入股骨体中，从而将该人工髋关节与股骨体紧密的连接为一体，不必过多地破坏股骨髓腔中的骨密质，使得术后股骨体的强度更高，还能够使得股骨体与股骨柄之间更为紧密地固接，不易松动和折断，从而完成本发明。
具体来说，本发明的目的在于提供一种仿生人工髋关节，该人工髋关节包括位于股骨体外部上方的股骨柄1；
在所述股骨柄1上设置有外凸的承力部2；
所述股骨柄1可通过承力部2与大转子上骨皮质之间产生结合。
所述承力部2与大转子上骨皮质的内侧抵接。
其中，所述承力部2能够与大转子上骨皮质长合为一体。
其中，所述承力部2位于股骨柄1的侧部，外部呈圆弧状。
其中，在所述承力部2的内侧开设有能够容纳骨水泥的预留空间21，
在所述承力部2的表面开设有与该预留空间21连通的孔洞22；
优选地，所述承力部2的表面呈网状。
其中，承力部2的表面为呈网状的硬质外壳23；
所述硬质外壳23可拆卸地固接在承力部2上。
其中，在所述承力部2中，在硬质外壳23内侧设置有顶在该硬质外壳23上的支撑脊24。
其中，在所述股骨柄1斜上方设置有球形端头3；
在所述股骨柄1下方设置有插销4；
优选地，所述球形端头3和插销4都可拆卸地安装在股骨柄1上。
其中，所述插销4的主体部分呈带有预定弧度的扁杆状，所述预定弧度与股骨髓腔内的生理弧度适宜匹配。
其中，安装在股骨柄1上的插销4能够在饶其自身轴线旋转180度后再次安装在股骨柄1上。
其中，在所述股骨柄1上设置有容纳插销4的下插槽孔11，
所述插销4包括呈扁杆状的主体部分和位于顶部的插接端头41，
所述插接端头41和下插槽孔11的截面形状都是中心对称的形状；
优选地，所述插接端头41和下插槽孔11的截面形状都是矩形或者都是腰形。
本发明所具有的有益效果包括：
(1)根据本发明提供的仿生人工髋关节中的股骨柄能够沿着股骨髓腔的生理弧度插入股骨体中，从而与股骨体紧密接触，通过尽量少破坏股骨体来提高仿生关节与股骨体之间的连接稳定性和股骨干的强度；
(2)根据本发明提供的仿生人工髋关节中的插销式连接的设计可以通过换角度安装的方式分别对应两条股骨上股骨髓腔的生理弧度，即一个带生理弧度的股骨柄可以对应安装在任意一个股骨髓腔中，无需准备俩套不同的股骨柄；
(3)根据本发明提供的仿生人工髋关节，在股骨柄的侧部设置有能够抵接在大转子上骨皮质内侧的承力部，从而增加股骨柄的纵向载荷；通过在承力部中填充骨松质，骨条或干细胞，将有利于股骨柄与大转子生长为一体，为股骨柄提供另一个方向的支持固定力的同时进一步提高股骨柄的稳定性。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的仿生人工髋关节整体结构示意图；
图2示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的仿生人工髋关节爆炸图；
图3示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的仿生人工髋关节中去掉硬质外壳后的结构示意图；
图4示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的仿生人工髋关节中硬质外壳的结构示意图；
图5示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的仿生人工髋关节中提现插销上预定弧度的插销后视图。
附图标号说明：
1-股骨柄
11-下插槽孔
2-承力部
21-预留空间
22-孔洞
23-硬质外壳
24-支撑脊
3-球形端头
31-连接颈
4-插销
41-插接端头
具体实施方式
下面通过附图和实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。通过这些说明，本发明的特点和优点将变得更为清楚明确。
在这里专用的词“示例性”意为“用作例子、实施例或说明性”。这里作为“示例性”所说明的任何实施例不必解释为优于或好于其它实施例。尽管在附图中示出了实施例的各种方面，但是除非特别指出，不必按比例绘制附图。
根据本发明提供的仿生人工髋关节，如图1、图2中所示，该人工髋关节包括位于股骨体外部上方的股骨柄1；所述股骨柄1是人工髋关节的核心部件，其上方通过球形端头与与髋骨可转动地相接，其下方与股骨固接，使得人工髋关节牢固地固定在股骨上，与股骨成为一体式结构。
在所述股骨柄1上设置有外凸的承力部2；
所述股骨柄1可通过承力部2与大转子上骨皮质之间产生结合，产生相互作用力；即承力部2与大转子上骨皮质之间有相互作用力，并可以将该相互作用力传导至股骨柄1中，从而使得股骨柄1与大转子上骨皮质之间可以彼此传递作用力。
所述承力部2与大转子上骨皮质的内侧抵接；
优选地，所述承力部2位于股骨柄1的侧部，外部呈圆弧状，与大转子骨皮质的内侧的形状相匹配，可以嵌入到该大转子骨皮质的弧度内，从而提高二者之间的接触面积，使得承力部2与该骨皮质之间彼此接触的结构形式更为稳定，不易晃动，也不易因为受力不均而偏转。
本发明中所述的大转子是人体股骨颈与股骨体连接处的外侧上方隆起的区域；所述股骨体是股骨中部的长直骨。
所述承力部2能够与大转子上骨皮质长合为一体，从而进一步提高承力部2与大转子之间的结合程度，进一步提高仿生人工髋关节与股骨之间的固结程度。
优选地，如图1、图2和图3中所示，在所述承力部2的内侧开设有能够容纳骨水泥的预留空间21，在所述承力部2的表面开设有与该预留空间21连通的孔洞22；通过骨水泥将所述承力部2固定在骨皮质上，尤其是在骨水泥中可以混杂骨渣、骨松质等，以便于骨皮质与所述承力部2自然生长为一体。
在安装该仿生人工髋关节以前，需要先向该预留空间21中注满骨水泥，优选混杂有骨渣、骨松质的骨水泥；
优选地，所述承力部2的表面呈网状，其上的孔洞22很多，从而方便于骨皮质和预留空间21中骨水泥生长为一体，并且还能够保证所述承力部的强度，限制骨水泥，防止骨水泥从预留空间21中流出。优选地，所述孔洞22的形状可以是任选的多种形状，如圆形、椭圆形、矩形、多边形等等，本发明中对此不做特别限定；
进一步优选地，如图3、图4中所示，承力部2的表面为呈网状的硬质外壳23，为所述承力部2及其内的骨水泥提供硬质防护；
所述硬质外壳23可拆卸地固接在股骨柄1上，从而方便于骨水泥的注入，在需要注入骨水泥时，将所述硬质外壳23拆卸下来，使之与股骨柄1脱离，从而所述预留空间变为开放式的空间，在其中填满骨水泥以后再将硬质外壳23扣合固定在股骨柄1上，从而使得该硬质外壳23与其内侧的骨水泥充分接触，所述预留空间21内部被骨水泥填满，无空隙；
优选地，硬质外壳23上开孔的面积应在该硬质外壳23表面积的三分之一以上，更优选地为一半左右。
优选地，所述硬质外壳23和股骨柄1之间可以有多种可拆卸地连接关系，如可以是具有转轴的转动连接，可以是利用材材质的弹性实现固接的卡扣式连接，还可以是利用过盈配合进行固定的插销式结构，本发明中优选为卡扣式连接，在所述硬质外壳23和股骨柄1上设置有彼此配合的卡扣结构，所述硬质外壳23具有一定的弹性，使得该硬质外壳23能够固定在股骨柄1上，也能够多次拆卸。
在一个优选的实施方式中，如图2、图3中所示，在所述承力部2中，在硬质外壳23内侧设置有顶在该硬质外壳23上的支撑脊24，所述支撑脊24可以有一条或多条，均布在所述预留空间内，其一端固定在股骨柄1上，即预留空间的底部，另一端与扣合在股骨柄1上的硬质外壳23抵接，为硬质外壳23提供支撑，防止硬质外壳23向内凹陷变形时过渡压迫骨水泥，在该支撑脊24的作用下，所述硬质外壳23基本不会向内凹陷变形。
优选地，在所述支撑脊24的壁面上开设有通孔，使得被所述支撑脊24分隔开的两处预留空间之间内的骨水泥能够相互流动，也便于在后续的生长中与支撑脊24一并生长为一体结构。
由于一般的髋关节置换手术中都会切除大转子，在安放人工髋关节后仅仅通过插销与股骨髓腔之间的插接关系进行固定，对人体的损伤较大，实际使用效果不好，通过设置该承力部2，可以保留大转子及其上的骨皮质，将骨皮质与承力部2贴合，并逐渐生长为一体，为所述股骨柄提供另一个方向的支撑点，大幅提高股骨柄与股骨体之间的稳定性，延长人工髋关节的使用寿命。
在一个优选的实施方式中，如图1中所示，在所述股骨柄1斜上方设置有球形端头3；该球形端头3与位于髋骨上的髋臼相配合，用以替换股骨头；优选地，所述球形端头3可拆卸地固定在股骨柄1中；
优选地，球形端头3上设置有连接颈31，所述连接颈31可拆卸地安装在所述股骨柄1上；具体来说，在所述股骨柄1上开设有上插槽孔，当需要安装球形端头3时，将所述连接颈31插入到所述上插槽孔内，二者过盈配合，即可完成球形端头的安装工作；优选地，该上插槽孔为通孔，或者在所述上插槽孔底部再开设有更细小的通孔，以便于在安装连接颈31时排出上插槽孔中的空气，为连接颈31的安装提供便利。
更优选地，在连接颈31上设置有弹性缓冲装置，用以缓冲仿生关节上的振动，延长使用寿命。
所述弹性缓冲装置包括压缩弹簧，当外力作用在球形端头3上时，球形端头被迫产生位移，首先压缩该弹性缓冲装置，压缩到一定程度后才会带动所述股骨柄1一同移动；并且在该作用力消失后，该弹性缓冲装置的压缩弹簧能够回复到原本状态，直至下一次被外力压缩。
在一个优选的实施方式中，如图1中所示，在所述股骨柄1下方设置有插销4；所述股骨柄1与插销4可拆分地固接，由于不同年龄段、不同病情患者的股骨尺寸不同，需要有针对性地选择插销的型号尺寸，为此将股骨柄与弹性插销设置为可拆分的非一体化结构，能够在使用前方便地选择适宜的型号尺寸，快速方便地完成安装准备。
该插销4竖直设置，该插销4包括位于上方顶部的插接端头41和其下方的主体部分，所述插接端头41用于与股骨柄1配合，进而固定在股骨柄1上；所述主体部分用于插入到股骨体中，插入到股骨体上的股骨髓腔中，通过与股骨髓腔的紧密配合将所述仿生人工髋关节固定在股骨体上；
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述插销4的主体部分呈带有预定弧度的扁杆状，如图5中所示，所述预定弧度与股骨髓腔内的生理弧度适宜匹配。
所述插销4能够沿着股骨体上股骨髓腔的生理弧度插入股骨体中，从而将该人工髋关节与股骨体固接为一体；在安装插销4以前只需按照股骨髓腔的生理弧度挖掘/清理出一条带有弧度的长孔洞即可，即将股骨髓腔中的骨松质取出，无需采用破坏力较强的手段开通孔洞，无需破坏骨密质，自然能够降低对于股骨体的损伤，也不会因操作失误或者股骨壁过薄而打穿股骨体；
在插入该插销4以前，在股骨髓腔中仅仅沿着其生理弧度挖掘/清理出一条带有弧度的长孔洞，去掉了原本在该孔洞中的骨松质，保留了骨密质，股骨髓腔的直径尺寸相对较小，会比插销4的外径尺寸小，而且，该股骨髓腔并非竖直的孔洞，而是具有一定的弧度，随着插销4的逐渐深入，股骨髓腔逐渐压紧插销，当插到极限位置时，插销所呈的形状与股骨髓腔内的弧度适宜匹配，插销贴紧股骨髓腔的内壁，即与构成股骨髓腔的骨密质充分接触，彼此紧贴；由于该插销具有预定弧度，插销从股骨髓腔中脱离的难度更大，凭借自然的冲击振动，基本不可能使得插销4与股骨髓腔脱离。
优选地，所述插销的截面尺寸也是逐渐变化的，越靠近下端，其截面尺寸越小，以便于将该插销插入到股骨髓腔中。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述插销上具有预定弧度，即朝向一个方向弯曲，而左右股骨中的弯曲方向是相反的，为此，所述插销优选为对称结构，即安装在股骨柄1上的插销4能够在饶其自身轴线旋转180度后再次安装在股骨柄1上；旋转180度后，插销上预定弧度的朝向方向自然也转变了180度，朝向了相反的方向，例如，原本适用于左侧股骨的插销在旋转180度后变为可适用于右侧股骨，从而使得一个插销可以根据实际需要安装在患者的左腿或者右腿上；
优选地，图1和图5中示出了适用于安装在右腿上的仿生人工髋关节，本发明中所述X、Y、Z方向也如图1和图5中所示；其中，所述插销的主体部分可分为靠近插接端头的上部区域和包含插销最底端的下部区域；
在所述上部区域中，所述插销朝向Y轴方向弯曲，即朝向人体前方弯曲；优选地，该弯曲角度较小，一般在7-10度左右；
在该上部区域中，所述插销的厚度从上至下逐渐变小，即Y轴方向的尺寸值逐渐变小；优选地，厚度值由15-17mm逐渐渐变到6-8mm；
在该上部区域中，所述插销的宽度基本不变，即X轴方向的尺寸值基本不变；优选地，该宽度值基本保持在10-12mm；
在所述下部区域中，所述插销朝向X轴方向弯曲，即朝向人体内侧方向弯曲；优选地，该弯曲角度较小，一般在5-8度左右；
在该下部区域中，所述插销的厚度基本不变，即Y轴方向的尺寸值基本不变；优选地，该厚度值基本保持在6-8mm；
在该下部区域中，所述插销的宽度从上至下逐渐变小，即X轴方向的尺寸值逐渐变小；优选地，宽度值由10-12mm逐渐渐变到8-10mm；
优选地，所述插销能够安装到股骨柄1上的姿态仅有两个，即彼此相差180度的两个姿态；
所述插销和股骨柄1之间的连接方式可以有多种，如通过过盈配合进行固定的插接结构，如通过横置螺栓进行固定的嵌套结构，如通过法兰盘固定的对中结构；
优选地，当选择对中结构时，在股骨柄底端和插销顶端都设置有法兰盘，彼此匹配，可以通过螺栓将两个法兰盘固接为一体，并且法兰盘可以相对旋转，旋转180度后再次对接。
优选地，当选择嵌套结构时，可以在股骨柄底端和插销顶端都设置通孔，插销顶端和股骨柄底端嵌套后，两个通孔重合，该通孔可供横置螺栓穿过，进而通过横置螺栓将插销和股骨柄固接为一体，由于通孔结构在旋转180度后仍然可以与另一个通孔结构重合，所以插销和股骨柄可以旋转180度后再次固接；
更优选的，本发明中选择插接结构，如图2中所示，即在所述股骨柄1上设置有容纳插销4的下插槽孔11，
所述插销4包括呈扁杆状的主体部分和位于顶部的插接端头41，
所述插接端头41和下插槽孔11的截面形状都是中心对称的形状；即旋转180度后形状不变；
优选地，所述插接端头41和下插槽孔11的截面形状都是矩形或者都是腰形；
所述插接端头41和下插槽孔11的截面形状相匹配，截面尺寸也相匹配，彼此过盈配合，使得插接端头41插入到下插槽孔11中以后二者彼此固接，不易脱离。
进一步优选地，所述插接端头41和下插槽孔11插接配合固定后，所述插销4与股骨柄1之间平滑过渡连接，当所述插接端头41旋转180度再与下插槽孔11插接配合固定后，所述插销4与股骨柄1之间仍然平滑过渡连接。
本发明还提供一种仿生人工髋关节的使用方法，该方法中，
首先选择适宜的插销和球形端头，都安装在股骨柄1上，形状完整的仿生人工髋关节；其中，根据待安装的股骨髓腔生理弧度的方向调整插销上预定弧度的方向；
然后拿掉股骨体1上的硬质外壳23，向预留空间21中注满含有骨渣及骨松质的骨水泥，再将硬质外壳23扣合固定在股骨体1上；
最后将插销插入股骨髓腔中，将承力部2贴在大转子的骨皮质内侧，同时使得球形端头与髋骨上的髋臼或者髋臼的替代结构相配合。
实验例：
本发明中提供的仿生人工髋关节如图1、图2、图5中所示，在股骨柄上设置有承力部和插销，在将该仿生人工髋关节手术安装到需要进行人工髋关节置换的患者体内后，所述承力部与大转子上骨皮质之间能够相互作用，所述插销具有预定弧度，并沿着股骨髓腔内的生理弧度插入在股骨髓腔中。
该仿生人工髋关节在术中及术后的相关表现如下：
手术耗时：与传统手术相当，大约在45分钟到60分钟之间手术过程中对人体股骨的损伤程度：明显小于传统手术
手术难易程度：与传统手术相当
术后恢复效果：明显优于传统手术
患者体验：优于传统手术
患者可进行的运动量/运动种类：优于传统手术
该仿生人工髋关节的最长使用寿命：优于传统手术
该仿生人工髋关节在使用10-15年时间后无明显松动
对比例：
选择现有技术中的人工髋关节，通过手术将该人工髋关节手术安装到患者体内后，该仿生人工髋关节在术中及术后的相关表现如下：
手术耗时：基本相同
手术过程中对人体股骨的损伤程度：很大，截除股骨外髁；骨髓腔破坏大
手术难易程度：相同
术后恢复效果：不如本发明
患者体验：不如本发明
患者可进行的运动量/运动种类：不如本发明
该人工髋关节的最长使用寿命：一般10-15年
该人工髋关节在使用10-15年时间后有松动，下沉和皮质骨折
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”、“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于本发明工作状态下的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
以上结合了优选的实施方式对本发明进行了说明，不过这些实施方式仅是范例性的，仅起到说明性的作用。在此基础上，可以对本发明进行多种替换和改进，这些均落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.仿生人工髋关节，其特征在于，
该人工髋关节包括位于股骨体外部上方的股骨柄(1)；
在所述股骨柄(1)上设置有外凸的承力部(2)；
所述股骨柄(1)可通过承力部(2)与大转子上骨皮质之间产生结合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的仿生人工髋关节，其特征在于，
所述承力部(2)与大转子上骨皮质的内侧抵接；
优选地，所述承力部(2)位于股骨柄(1)的侧部，外部呈圆弧状，与所述大转子上骨皮质的内侧形状相匹配。
3.根据权利要求2所述的仿生人工髋关节，其特征在于，
所述承力部(2)能够与大转子上骨皮质长合为一体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的仿生人工髋关节，其特征在于，
在所述承力部(2)的内侧开设有能够容纳骨水泥的预留空间(21)，
在所述承力部(2)的表面开设有与该预留空间(21)连通的孔洞(22)；
优选地，所述承力部(2)的表面呈网状。
5.根据权利要求4所述的仿生人工髋关节，其特征在于，
承力部(2)的表面为呈网状的硬质外壳(23)；
所述硬质外壳(23)可拆卸地固接在承力部(2)上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的仿生人工髋关节，其特征在于，
在所述承力部(2)中，在硬质外壳(23)内侧设置有顶在该硬质外壳(23)上的支撑脊(24)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的仿生人工髋关节，其特征在于，
在所述股骨柄(1)斜上方设置有球形端头(3)；
在所述股骨柄(1)下方设置有插销(4)；
优选地，所述球形端头(3)和插销(4)都可拆卸地安装在股骨柄(1)上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的仿生人工髋关节，其特征在于，
所述插销(4)的主体部分呈带有预定弧度的扁杆状，所述预定弧度与股骨髓腔内的生理弧度适宜匹配。
9.根据权利要求8所述的仿生人工髋关节，其特征在于，
安装在股骨柄(1)上的插销(4)能够在饶其自身轴线旋转180度后再次安装在股骨柄(1)上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的仿生人工髋关节，其特征在于，
在所述股骨柄(1)上设置有容纳插销(4)的下插槽孔(11)，
所述插销(4)包括呈扁杆状的主体部分和位于顶部的插接端头(41)，
所述插接端头(41)和下插槽孔(11)的截面形状都是中心对称的形状；
优选地，所述插接端头(41)和下插槽孔(11)的截面形状都是矩形或者都是腰形。
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