CN111132337A - Lora communication method combining TDMA (time division multiple Access) and CSMA (Carrier sense multiple Access) mechanisms - Google Patents

Lora communication method combining TDMA (time division multiple Access) and CSMA (Carrier sense multiple Access) mechanisms Download PDF

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CN111132337A
CN111132337A CN201911318426.0A CN201911318426A CN111132337A CN 111132337 A CN111132337 A CN 111132337A CN 201911318426 A CN201911318426 A CN 201911318426A CN 111132337 A CN111132337 A CN 111132337A
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time
datarate
sending
lora
currtime
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CN111132337B (en
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潘长城
刘军
唐健乔
倪申翔
杜存功
郭皓捷
刘峰
严俊生
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China Key System and Integrated Circuit Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
    • H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision avoidance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a Lora communication method combining a TDMA mechanism and a CSMA mechanism, which comprises the following steps: s1, specifying a data reporting interval of the Lora node in an application scene through factory parameters or network access interactive information; s2, the Lora node acquires communication channel parameters and network time through network access interaction information; and S3, calculating the instant transmission reference time and the timing transmission reference time according to the channel parameters and the network beacon time. The TDMA mechanism ensures that the Lora node reports normal service data in a time-sharing manner by using a time-sharing sending time zone, thereby avoiding packet collision; the CSMA mechanism provides competition time slots for a small amount of alarm or emergency data, and random sending time slots can be used for sending after a listening channel is idle, so that low-delay transmission of the emergency data is ensured.

Description

Lora communication method combining TDMA (time division multiple Access) and CSMA (Carrier sense multiple Access) mechanisms
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a Lora communication method combining a TDMA (time division multiple access) mechanism and a CSMA (Carrier sense multiple access) mechanism.
Background
Lora is an unauthorized frequency band technology suitable for low-power consumption, low-cost and long-distance internet of things. LoraWan is a low power consumption WAN communication protocol based on Lora technology and introduced by the Lora alliance. The terminal supporting the LoraWan protocol sends data by using the aloha protocol, so that packets are easy to collide, and the channel utilization rate is low; although a pure time division multiple access mechanism can avoid packet collision, a large delay is easily generated for data needing to be sent instantly. In some application scenarios of internet of things collection, the collected data needs to be reported regularly, and the alarm data needs to be sent immediately under abnormal conditions.
Therefore, there is a need for a Lora communication method that can avoid packet collision, improve channel utilization, and realize low-delay transmission of urgent data.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a Lora communication method combining a TDMA mechanism and a CSMA mechanism.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a Lora communication method combining a TDMA mechanism and a CSMA mechanism, which comprises the following steps:
s1, appointing a data reporting interval repIntev of the Lora node in an application scene through factory parameters or network access interactive information;
s2, the Lora node obtains communication channel parameters and network time through network access interaction information, wherein the communication channel parameters and the network time comprise a channel secondary address secondAddr and a data rate datarate, the next beacon frame time point beacon time and a beacon frame Counter value Counter, the unit of beacon time is ms, and the value range of the Counter is 0-2M-1(M＞0)；
S3, calculating instant sending reference time RandomTxBasedTime, and sending reference time TimedTexBasedTime at fixed time; beacon period division of 1 beacon period into 2N(N > 0) service periods BusiPeriod; the service period is divided into 3 time slots including a receiving time slot RxARea, a timing sending time slot TimedTxARea and an instant sending time slot RandomTxARea;
instantaneous transmission reference time RandomTxBasedTime:
RandomTxBasedTime＝BeaconTime+BeaconArea+
2datarate*(RxArea+TimedTxArea)
calculating a timed reporting period TimedTexperiod according to the data reporting interval repItev, and dynamically adjusting the uplink service period according to the repItev and being 2 of the beacon periodfIf the reprintev value is zero, the reprintev value represents that the application data needs to be sent immediately after being generated; TimeddTexMaterial 2f*BeaconPeriod(f∈[0,M]) (ii) a The value of f is obtained according to the following conditions:
s31, if reprintev is less than or equal to Beacon Peri od; f is 0;
s32, if Beacon period is less than reprintev less than or equal to 2MBeacon period; the value of f satisfies the condition 2(f -1)*BeaconPeriod＜repIntev≤2f*BeaconPeriod；
S33, if reprintev > 2MBeacon period; then f is M;
based on the calculated TimedTexMaterial, as well as the BeaconTime, Counter value and data rate at the assigned channel, at a Counter% 2fAnd (3) calculating the uplink timing transmission reference time under the condition of not being equal to 0:
TimedTxBasedTime＝BeaconTime+(2f-(Counter％2f))*BeaconPeriod+(secondAddr/2N-datarate)*BeaconPeriod+(secondAddr％2N-datarate)*(2datarate*BusiPeriod)+BeaconArea+2datarate*RxArea(datarate∈[0,2])
at Counter% 2fCalculating an uplink timing transmission reference time on the condition of 0:
TimedTxBasedTime＝BeaconTime+(secondAddr/2N-datarate)*BeaconPeriod+(secondAddr％2N-datarate)*(2datarate*BusiPeriod)+BeaconArea+2datarate*RxArea(datarate∈[0,2])。
as a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the method also comprises the following steps: s4, timing data reporting, calculating data reporting delay time TimedTexDelay according to the current time CurrTime, the uplink timing transmission reference time TimedTexBasedTime and the timing reporting period TimedTexSeriod:
if CurrTime is less than or equal to TimedTxBasedTime, then TimedTxDelay is TimedTxBasedTime-CurrTime;
if CurrTime > TimedTxBasedTime, TimedTxDelay-TimedTxPeriod-timedttimedtxperiod, (CurrTime-timedtxbasedttime)% TimedTxPeriod;
setting a sending timer TimedTexdea ly and then waking up, setting a Lora radio frequency chip to be in a sleep mode in a TimedTexelay time zone and allowing the MCU to sleep; after the timer is awakened, firstly opening the CAD function of the Lora radio frequency chip, and monitoring whether a Lora signal exists under a channel to be used, if not, sending buffer data; if the Lora signal exists, the current transmission is abandoned, the instant transmission time zone RandomTxArea is used for transmitting the buffer data, and the data transmission mechanism is as described in step S5.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the method also comprises the following steps: s5, reporting emergency data or alarm information, sending random TxBasedTime according to the current time CurrTime, the uplink random sending reference time RandomTxBasedTime and the channel service period 2datarateAnd BusiPeriod and other parameters, calculating random transmission delay RandomTxDelay:
if CurrTime is less than or equal to RandomTxBasedTime, RandomTxDelay is RandomTxBasedTime-CurrTime;
if the CurrTime is larger than RandomTxBasedTime, firstly, judging whether the current time is in the last 1 random sending time slot in the beacon period, recording the number of the current random sending time slot as RandomTxSlotNum, and recording the total number of the random sending time slots contained in a single beacon period as RandomTxSlotSum;
wherein: RandomTxSlotSum＝2N﹣datarate；
RandomTxSlotNum＝[((CurrTime﹣RandomTxBasedTime)％BeaconPeriod)/(2datarate*BusiPeriod)]；
If RandomTxSlotNum is greater than or equal to RandomTxSlotSum, then
RandomTxDelay＝BeaconPeriod﹣(CurrTime﹣RandomTxBasedTime)％BeaconPeriod；
If RandomTxSlotNum < RandomTxSlotSum, then
RandomTxDelay＝2datarate*BusiPeriod﹣((CurrTime﹣RandomTxBasedTime)％BeaconPeriod)％(2datarateBusiPeriod)
Setting a random time of a sending timer to wake up, setting a Lora radio frequency chip to sleep in a random time zone, and allowing an MCU to sleep; RandomTxArea is divided into a number of transmit slots; each sending time slot comprises a CSMA time slot and a Tx time slot, after the timer is awakened, a random time point is firstly generated and hashed into the CSMA time slot, then the CAD function of the Lora radio frequency chip is enabled, the Lora signal under the channel to be used is detected, and if the Lora signal is not detected, the data of the buffer area is sent; if the Lora signal is detected, the sending is abandoned, the step is repeated, and the next sending time is calculated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention utilizes a mechanism combining TDMA and CSMA, can avoid packet collision, improve the utilization rate of a channel, and can realize low-delay transmission of emergency data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of Beacon period division in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of service cycle division in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of time division and time slot division for instant transmission according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, in one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a Lora communication method combining TDMA and CSMA mechanism, including the steps of:
s1, appointing a data reporting interval repIntev of the Lora node in an application scene through factory parameters or network access interactive information;
s2, Lora node obtains communication channel parameter and network time through network access interactive information, including the channel secondary address secondAddr and data rate datarate of node, next beacon frame time point beacon time (unit is ms) and beacon frame Counter value Counter, the value range of Counter is 0-2M-1(M＞0)；
S3, calculating instant sending reference time RandomTxBasedTime, and sending reference time TimedTexBasedTime at fixed time; beacon period division of 1 beacon period into 2N(N > 0) service periods BusiPeriod, as shown in FIG. 1, wherein BA is the beacon time zone, GA is the reserved time zone, and BTOA is the air propagation time of the beacon frame; the service period is divided into 3 kinds of slots, a receive slot RxArea, a timing transmit slot timedtxareaa, and an immediate transmit slot RandomTxArea, as shown in fig. 2.
Instantaneous transmission reference time RandomTxBasedTime:
RandomTxBasedTime＝BeaconTime+BeaconArea+
2datarate*(RxArea+TimedTxArea)
calculating a timing reporting period according to the data reporting interval repIntv, wherein the uplink service period is dynamically adjusted according to the repIntv and is 2 of the beacon periodfAnd if the reprintev value is zero, it represents that the application data needs to be sent immediately after generation:
TimedTxPeriod＝2f*BeaconPeriod(f∈[0,M]) (ii) a The value of f is obtained according to the following conditions:
s31, if reprintev is less than or equal to Beacon period; f is 0;
s32, if Beacon period is less than reprintev less than or equal to 2MBeacon period; the value of f satisfies the condition 2(f -1)*BeaconPeriod＜repIntev≤2f*BeaconPeriod
S33, if reprintev > 2MBeacon period; then f is equal to M
According to the reported period TimedTexSource obtained by the above calculation, BeaconTime at next beacon frame time, Counter value and data rate of the allocated channel, in Counter% 2fAnd (3) calculating the uplink timing transmission reference time under the condition of not being equal to 0:
TimedTxBasedTime＝BeaconTime+(2f-(Counter％2f))*BeaconPeriod+(secondAddr/2N-datarate)*BeaconPeriod+(secondAddr％2N-datarate)*(2datarate*BusiPeriod)+BeaconArea+RxArea*2datarate(datarate∈[0,2])
at Counter% 2fCalculating an uplink timing transmission reference time on the condition of 0:
TimedTxBasedTime＝BeaconTime+(secondAddr/2N-datarate)*BeaconPeriod+(secondAddr％2N-datarate)*(2datarate*BusiPeriod)+BeaconArea+RxArea*2datarate(datarate∈[0,2])。
in order to further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in another embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises the following steps:
s4, reporting the timing data, calculating the data reporting delay time TimedTexDelay according to the current time CurrTime, the uplink timing transmission reference time TimedTexBasedTime and the timing reporting interval TimedTexMaterial:
if CurrTime is less than or equal to TimedTexBasedTime, then
TimedTxDelay＝TimedTxBasedTime﹣CurrTime；
If CurrTime > TimedTexBasedTime, then
TimedTxDelay＝TimedTxPeriod﹣
(CurrTime﹣TimedTxBasedTime)％TimedTxPeriod；
And setting a sending timer TimedTexdea ly and then waking up, and setting the Lora radio frequency chip to be in a sleep mode in the TimedTexelay time zone to allow the MCU to sleep. After the timer is awakened, firstly opening the CAD function of the Lora radio frequency chip, and monitoring whether a Lora signal exists under a channel to be used, if not, sending buffer data; if the Lora signal exists, the current transmission is abandoned, the instant transmission time zone RandomTxArea is used for transmitting the buffer data, and the data transmission mechanism is as described in step S5.
In order to further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in another embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises the following steps:
s5, if the urgent data need to be reported, according to the current time CurrTime, the uplink random transmission reference time RandomTxBasedTime and the channel service period 2datarateAnd BusiPeriod and other parameters, calculating random transmission delay RandomTxDelay:
if CurrTime is less than or equal to RandomTxBasedTime, RandomTxDelay is RandomTxBasedTime-CurrTime;
if the CurrTime is larger than RandomTxBasedTime, firstly, judging whether the current time is in the last 1 random sending time slot in the beacon period, recording the number of the current random sending time slot as RandomTxSlotNum, and recording the total number of the random sending time slots contained in a single beacon period as RandomTxSlotSum;
wherein: RandomTxSlotSum 2N﹣datarate；
RandomTxSlotNum＝[((CurrTime﹣
RandomTxBasedTime)％BeaconPeriod)/(2datarate*BusiPeriod)]；
If RandomTxSlotNum is greater than or equal to RandomTxSlotSum, then
RandomTxDelay＝BeaconPeriod﹣
(CurrTime﹣RandomTxBasedTime)％BeaconPeriod；
If RandomTxSlotNum < RandomTxSlotSum, then
RandomTxDelay＝2datarate*BusiPeriod﹣
((CurrTime﹣RandomTxBasedTime)％BeaconPeriod)％(2datarateBusiPeriod)；
And setting a sending timer RandomTxDE lay time and then waking up, setting a Lora radio frequency chip to sleep in the RandomTxDE lay time zone, and allowing the MCU to sleep. RandomTxArea is divided into several transmit slots as shown in fig. 3. Each sending time slot comprises a CSMA time slot and a Tx time slot, after the timer is awakened, a random time point is firstly generated and hashed into the CSMA time slot, then the CAD function of the Lora radio frequency chip is enabled, the Lora signal under the channel to be used is detected, and if the Lora signal is not detected, the data of the buffer area is sent; if the Lora signal is detected, the sending is abandoned, the step is repeated, and the next sending time is calculated.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A Lora communication method combining TDMA and CSMA mechanisms is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, appointing a data reporting interval repIntev of the Lora node in an application scene through factory parameters or network access interactive information;
s2, the Lora node obtains communication channel parameters and network time through the network access interactive information, wherein the communication channel parameters and the network time comprise a channel secondary address secondAddr and a data rate datarate, the next beacon frame time point beacon time and a beacon frame Counter value Counter, the unit of beacon time is ms, and the value range of the Counter is 0-2M﹣1(M＞0)；
S3, calculating instant sending reference time RandomTxBasedTime, and sending reference time TimedTexBasedTime at fixed time; beacon period division of 1 beacon period into 2N(N > 0) service periods BusiPeriod; the service period BusiPeriod is divided into 3 time slots, including a receiving time slot RxArea, a timing sending time slot TimedTxArea and an instant sending time slot RandomTxArea;
instant send reference time:
RandomTxBasedTime＝BeaconTime+BeaconArea+2datarate*(RxArea+TimedTxArea)
calculating a timed reporting period TimedTexperiod according to the data reporting interval repItev, and dynamically adjusting the uplink service period according to the repItev and being 2 of the beacon periodfIf the reprintev value is zero, the reprintev value represents that the application data needs to be sent immediately after being generated;
TimedTxPeriod＝2f*BeaconPeriod(f∈[0,M]) (ii) a The value of f is obtained according to the following conditions:
s31, if reprintev is less than or equal to Beacon period; f is 0;
s32, if Beacon period is less than reprintev less than or equal to 2MBeacon period; the value of f satisfies the condition 2(f-1)*BeaconPeriod＜repIntev≤2f*BeaconPeriod；
S33, if reprintev > 2MBeacon period; then f is M;
based on the calculated TimedTexMaterial, the BeaconTime at the time of the next beacon frame, the Counter value and the data rate datarate at the allocated channel at Counter% 2fAnd (3) calculating the uplink timing transmission reference time under the condition of not being equal to 0:
TimedTxBasedTime＝BeaconTime+(2f-(Counter％2f))*BeaconPeriod+(secondAddr/2N-datarate)*BeaconPeriod+(secondAddr％2N-datarate)*(2datarate*BusiPeriod)+BeaconArea+2datarate*RxArea(datarate∈[0,2])
at Counter% 2fCalculating an uplink timing transmission reference time on the condition of 0:
TimedTxBasedTime＝BeaconTime+(secondAddr/2N-datarate)*BeaconPeriod+(secondAddr％2N-datarate)*(2datarate*BusiPeriod)+BeaconArea+RxArea*2datarate(datarate∈[0,2])。
2. the method for Lora communication according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the following steps:
s4, timing data reporting, calculating data reporting delay TimedTexdDelay according to the current time CurrTime, the uplink timing transmission reference time TimedTexBasedTime and the timing reporting period TimedTexMaterial:
if CurrTime is less than or equal to TimedTxBasedTime, then TimedTxDelay is TimedTxBasedTime-CurrTime;
if CurrTime > TimedTxBasedTime, TimedTxDelay-TimedTxPeriod-timedttimedtxperiod, (CurrTime-timedtxbasedttime)% TimedTxPeriod;
setting a sending timer TimedTexdeal time and then waking up, setting a Lora radio frequency chip to be in a sleep mode in the TimedTexsay time zone and allowing the MCU to sleep; after the timer is awakened, firstly opening the CAD function of the Lora radio frequency chip, and monitoring whether a Lora signal exists under a channel to be used, if not, sending buffer data; if the Lora signal exists, the current transmission is abandoned, the instant transmission time zone RandomTxArea is used for sending the buffer data, and the data transmission mechanism is as described in step S5.
3. A method for Lora communication according to claim 2, wherein the TDMA and CSMA mechanism is combined, further comprising the steps of:
s5, reporting emergency data or alarm information, sending random TxBasedTime according to the current time CurrTime, the uplink random sending reference time RandomTxBasedTime and the channel service period 2datarateBusiPeriod, calculating random transmission delay RandomTxDelay:
if CurrTime is less than or equal to RandomTxBasedTime, RandomTxDelay is RandomTxBasedTime-CurrTime;
if the CurrTime is larger than RandomTxBasedTime, firstly, judging whether the current time is in the last 1 random sending time slot in the beacon period, recording the number of the current random sending time slot as RandomTxSlotNum, and recording the total number of the random sending time slots contained in a single beacon period as RandomTxSlotSum;
wherein: RandomTxSlotSum 2N﹣datarate；
RandomTxSlotNum＝[((CurrTime﹣RandomTxBasedTime)％BeaconPeriod)/(2datarate*BusiPeriod)]；
If RandomTxSlotNum is greater than or equal to RandomTxSlotSum, then
RandomTxDelay＝BeaconPeriod﹣(CurrTime﹣RandomTxBasedTime)％BeaconPeriod；
If RandomTxSlotNum < RandomTxSlotSum, then
RandomTxDelay＝2datarate*BusiPeriod﹣((CurrTime﹣RandomTxBasedTime)％BeaconPeriod)％(2datarateBusiPeriod)；
Setting a random time of a sending timer to wake up, setting a Lora radio frequency chip to sleep in a random time zone, and allowing an MCU to sleep; RandomTxArea is divided into a number of transmit slots; each sending time slot comprises a CSMA time slot and a Tx time slot, after the timer is awakened, a random time point is firstly generated and hashed into the CSMA time slot, then the CAD function of the Lora radio frequency chip is enabled, the Lora signal under the channel to be used is detected, and if the Lora signal is not detected, the data of the buffer area is sent; if the Lora signal is detected, the sending is abandoned, the step is repeated, and the next sending time is calculated.
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