CN116390217A - LoRa equipment ad hoc network system based on self-adaptive time synchronization scheme - Google Patents
LoRa equipment ad hoc network system based on self-adaptive time synchronization scheme Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
- H04W56/0015—Synchronization between nodes one node acting as a reference for the others
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W84/00—Network topologies
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of LoRa (local area network) ad hoc networks, in particular to a self-adaptive time synchronization scheme-based LoRa equipment ad hoc network system, which consists of a plurality of node equipment and a central equipment, wherein the node and the central equipment are in wireless communication through the LoRa; the beneficial effects are as follows: in the self-networking system of the LoRa equipment based on the self-adaptive time synchronization scheme, a single-channel LoRa module is adopted in the small-sized LoRa network system, the thought of time division multiplexing in wireless communication is combined, a time axis of central equipment is taken as a reference, a time slot is allocated for each node, each node is provided with a periodic wake-up period, data is reported in the time slot to which each node belongs, the rest time is in a dormant state, the communication process of single-channel time division multiplexing is completed, and the problem of collision of data when a plurality of nodes report unordered is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of LoRa (local area network) ad hoc networks, in particular to a LoRa equipment ad hoc network system based on a self-adaptive time synchronization scheme.
Background
LoRa is a technology which is specially used for long-distance wireless transmission in the field of the Internet of things in a low-power-consumption wide area network, and the technology meets the requirements of low power consumption and long distance, so that the technology is more and more widely applied in the era of rapid development of the Internet of things. The LoRa network system mainly comprises a gateway, a concentrator (or a repeater), nodes and the like, and the traditional LoRa networking mode mainly comprises star networking and LoRa Mesh networking with a topological structure. Mesh networking is mainly used in a large-scale network structure, and a special algorithm is adopted to realize relay among nodes, so that the transmission distance is long, the development difficulty is high, the wireless data interference is easy, and the layout requirement on terminal nodes is high; the LoRa star networking mode is simple, the development difficulty is relatively small, but the requirement on the gateway is high.
In the prior art, a data link layer of a standard LoRa networking system is based on a LoRaWAN protocol, a LoRaWAN gateway mostly adopts an eight-channel SX1302 chip of SEMTECH company, and a frequency hopping technology is adopted to realize management of a plurality of node communication. However, the cost of the LoRa WAN gateway is too high, and in some application scenes with low-frequency acquisition and relatively small node number, a single-channel or double-channel LoRa gateway based on an ad hoc network protocol can be adopted. However, the single-channel gateway is half-duplex communication, and only one node can receive data at the same time, so that if the data are not managed, data collision easily occurs when a plurality of nodes report the data, and a large number of packet loss phenomena are caused. In order to solve the above problems, a gateway polling node or a node active reporting mode is often adopted. When the number of the nodes is large, the mode period of gateway polling is too long and the occupied channel resources are large; the reporting mode of the nodes has higher requirement on the system time synchronization.
However, most LoRa nodes do not have RTC clock modules, and the only available clock is the timer of the node controller, so time synchronization of multiple nodes and gateways in the LoRa ad hoc network is a critical issue.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a LoRa equipment self-networking system based on an adaptive time synchronization scheme, which aims to solve the problem of time synchronization between a node and a gateway in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a self-networking system of LoRa equipment based on an adaptive time synchronization scheme comprises a plurality of node equipment and a center equipment, wherein the node and the center equipment are in wireless communication through the LoRa.
Preferably, the node comprises an MCU+LoRa module, a sensor and a battery.
Preferably, the central equipment consists of an MCU+LoRa module and an external power supply.
Preferably, the central device is used for node network access management, broadcasting synchronous data packets, broadcasting real-time counting data packets and counting the packet loss rate of the nodes.
Preferably, the node network access management is used for distributing time slots and time slices for the nodes requesting network access;
broadcasting synchronous data packets for periodically synchronizing the time of each node;
broadcasting a real-time counting data packet, which is used for replying the time counting value of the node when the node reports data;
and counting the packet loss rate of the nodes, wherein the packet loss rate is used for counting the packet loss quantity of a certain node, and the nodes with more packet loss quantity are set to be in a non-network-access state and need to apply for network access again.
Preferably, the node is used for applying for network access, data reporting and time synchronization.
Preferably, the application for network access is used for each node to apply for adding into the LoRa ad hoc network based on the ad hoc protocol;
the data reporting is used for adjusting the sending, receiving and dormancy time of the data reporting device after receiving the synchronous data packet to obtain the time slot and the time slice distributed by the central equipment; periodically uploading the collected values of the sensors to the central equipment;
and the time synchronization is used for calibrating the count value of the central equipment when the instant time value replied by the central equipment is received, so that the time synchronization with the central equipment is realized.
Preferably, the central device includes both transmit and receive modes of operation.
Preferably, the node includes three modes of operation, receive, transmit and sleep.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the self-networking system of the LoRa equipment based on the self-adaptive time synchronization scheme, a single-channel LoRa module is adopted in the small-sized LoRa network system, the thought of time division multiplexing in wireless communication is combined, a time axis of central equipment is taken as a reference, a time slot is allocated for each node, each node is provided with a periodic wake-up period, data is reported in the time slot to which each node belongs, the rest time is in a dormant state, the communication process of single-channel time division multiplexing is completed, and the problem of collision of data when a plurality of nodes report unordered is solved. In the communication process of the node and the central equipment, the time count of the node is calibrated in real time, the time synchronization is kept with the central equipment to the maximum extent, and the communication stability of the whole system is ensured. The invention adopts the application occasion which can be applied to low-frequency detection, does not need a LoRaWAN gateway with high cost, and effectively reduces the cost. The system and the scheme provided by the invention have the characteristics of simple node arrangement and low wireless communication delay, and have higher economical efficiency and practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a LoRa star ad hoc network system architecture in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the node-side software operation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the software operation of the central equipment side of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram illustrating communication between a node and a central facility in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the node time calibration according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention, are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting of the embodiments of the present invention, and that all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a self-adaptive time-synchronous networking scheme and system for LoRa equipment are disclosed, wherein the LoRa star-type self-networking system consists of a plurality of node equipment and a central equipment, the node and the central equipment are in wireless communication through LoRa, and the self-networking system architecture is shown in figure 1. The node is composed of an MCU, a LoRa module and a sensor, and is powered by a battery; the central equipment consists of an MCU+LoRa module and is powered by a battery or an external power supply. The functions of the node and the central device are described as follows:
and (one) central equipment: the method comprises the steps of node network access management, synchronous data packet broadcasting, real-time counting data packet broadcasting and node packet loss rate statistics. The detailed description is as follows: managing a network access request of a node, and distributing time slots and time slices for the node requesting network access; broadcasting a data synchronization packet, and periodically synchronizing the time of each node; when receiving the data reported by the node, replying the time count value of the node; and counting the packet loss quantity of a certain node, wherein the node with excessive packet loss quantity is set to be in a non-network-access state, and network access needs to be applied again.
And (II) node equipment. And (5) applying for network access, reporting data and synchronizing time. The detailed description is as follows: each node applies to join the LoRa ad hoc network based on the ad hoc protocol; after receiving the synchronous data packet and acquiring a time slot and a time slice distributed by the central equipment, adjusting the sending, receiving and dormancy time of the synchronous data packet; periodically uploading the collected values of the sensors to the central equipment; and when the instant time value replied by the central equipment is received, the count value of the central equipment is calibrated, so that the time synchronization with the central equipment is realized.
Example two
Referring to fig. 2, on the basis of the first embodiment, the node has three working modes of receiving, transmitting and dormancy, and the working procedure after power-up is as follows:
1. the node randomly delays for a period of time, sends a network access request data packet to the center equipment, and enters step 2 after receiving a successful network access reply of the center equipment;
2. the node enters a receiving (monitoring synchronous packet) mode, waits for the central equipment to send synchronous data packets, if the synchronous data packets are received, the step 3 is entered, otherwise, the step 2 is stopped for waiting for receiving;
3. after receiving the synchronous data packet, the node acquires a time slot and a time slice distributed by the central equipment, adjusts the time count of the node and keeps time synchronization with the central equipment, enters a sleep mode after a period of timing awakening is set, and then jumps to the step 4;
4. if the node reaches the wake-up period, actively reporting the sensor data, entering a receiving mode, waiting for the reply of the central equipment, and entering a step 5;
5. if the node receives the reply of the central equipment, the node adjusts the self time count according to calculation, if the time count exceeds the error range, the node enters a receiving mode to wait for the next synchronization, otherwise, the node enters a sleep mode, and then the step 2 is carried out for circulation.
Example III
Referring to fig. 3, on the basis of the first embodiment, the central device has two operation modes of transmission and reception, and the power-on operation flow is as follows:
1. the central equipment enters a receiving mode, detects whether a network access request of a node is received, allocates time slots and time slices for each node after the network access request of the node is detected, stores information of the network access node until no new node is detected to be added within a certain time, and enters step 2;
2. the central equipment broadcasts a synchronous data packet, allocates time slots and time slices for each node accessing to the network by taking a time axis of the central equipment as a reference, then enters a receiving mode, and jumps to step 3;
3. after receiving the information reported by the node X, the center equipment replies an ACK data packet, packages the self time count value into a LoRa data packet and notifies the LoRa data packet to the node reporting the data, waits for all time slots to finish, and jumps to the step 4;
4. the central equipment counts the packet loss sequence value of each node, sets the node which does not receive the reported data for a plurality of times as a non-network-access state, and hops to the step 1 if a new node network-access application is received during the reserved time slot, otherwise hops to the step 2, and enters a cycle.
Example IV
Referring to fig. 4, in order to implement the node and the center of the LoRa ad hoc network system based on the second embodiment and the third embodimentThe operating time sequence of the equipment; when no new node applies for network access, a group of communication processes are started, and when the new node applies for network access, the new node must wait for the reserved time slot of the central equipment to join the network after the periodic communication is completed. The central apparatus allocates a time slot and a time slice to each node, e.g. allocates time slot 1 to node 1, time slice t 1 The node 2 is allocated time slot 2, and the time slice is t 2 And so on. The central equipment starts broadcasting time synchronous data packets, after receiving the synchronous data packets, the nodes start synchronizing time, then start receiving and transmitting modes in specified time slots, and the rest time slots are in a dormant state and wake up at regular time. Node 1 reports data in slot 1 and node 2 reports data … … in slot 2
Specifically, after each data interaction, the node and the equipment in the LoRa ad hoc network system adjust the time count at the node end to perform time synchronization, and the working time sequence is shown in fig. 5. The central equipment firstly receives the data reported by the node in the time slot, then replies the time count of the central equipment, the node waits for the reply of the central equipment after the data is reported, and the time axis of the central equipment is calibrated in time after the time count replied by the central equipment is received, so that the time synchronization is kept with the central equipment. In fig. 5, the time axis T of the central device is taken as the absolute time, the time count of the node is kept synchronous with T, and the time axis is set to zero time after the central device transmits the synchronous data packet. In the figure, d represents the time of transmission of the LoRa data packet in the air, namely the time when the node receives the synchronous packet, the value is calculated as shown in a formula (1), wherein payloadSymNb represents the radio frequency parameter setting of the payload, and T is calculated as shown in a formula (2) pre Representing the transmission time of the data packet preamble, T pay Representing the time of transmission of the payload,
d＝ T packet ＝T pre +payloadSymNb*T pay ①
wherein T is pre Representing the transmission time of the data packet preamble, T pay The calculation formulas of the two are shown as formulas (3) and (4) respectively
T pre ＝(N pre +4.25)T pay ③
The radio frequency parameters in equations (2) and (4) are explained as follows: n (N) pre The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of representing the number of bytes of a payload, SF represents a spreading factor, H represents the existence of a header, DE represents whether low-speed propagation exists or not, CR represents a coding rate, and the parameters are set according to the radio frequency parameters of a LoRa hardware module and the data packet format of a LoRa software ad hoc network protocol. The timing diagram of FIG. 5 summarizes the time axis t of the node 0 Time point t for node to start reporting data r For receiving the time point of the center equipment replying to the real-time count value, t 1 Is the point in time at which the slot ends. T (T) 0 For the point in time at which slot 1 starts, T q Time point for central equipment to receive node reporting data, T 1 Which is the point in time at which slot 2 begins. After the node obtains the time slot and the time slice distributed by the central equipment, T 0 T 1 T 2 Is known, then node end t 0 t r t 1 The calculation formula of (2) is shown as (5), (6) and (7):
t 0 ＝ T 0 -d ⑤
t r ＝ T 0 + 2*d ⑥
t 1 ＝t r +T 1 –T q ＝T 0 +2*d+T 1 -T q ⑦
after receiving synchronous data packet of central equipment, node sets period of time awakening to keep time synchronization with central equipment, and after reporting data in assigned communication time slot, adjusts own time count again based on time axis of central equipment.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. An adaptive time synchronization scheme-based LoRa equipment ad hoc network system, which is characterized in that: the LoRa equipment ad hoc network system consists of a plurality of node equipment and a central equipment, wherein the node and the central equipment are in wireless communication through LoRa.
2. The self-adaptive time synchronization scheme-based LoRa equipment ad hoc network system according to claim 1, wherein: the node comprises an MCU+LoRa module, a sensor and a battery.
3. The self-adaptive time synchronization scheme-based LoRa equipment ad hoc network system according to claim 2, wherein: the central equipment consists of an MCU+LoRa module and an external power supply.
4. The self-adaptive time synchronization scheme-based LoRa equipment ad hoc network system according to claim 1, wherein: the central equipment is used for node network access management, broadcasting synchronous data packets, broadcasting real-time counting data packets and counting the packet loss rate of the nodes.
5. The adaptive time synchronization scheme-based LoRa device ad hoc network system of claim 4, wherein: node network access management, which is used to allocate time slot and time slice for the node requesting network access;
broadcasting synchronous data packets for periodically synchronizing the time of each node;
broadcasting a real-time counting data packet, which is used for replying the time counting value of the node when the node reports data;
and counting the packet loss rate of the nodes, wherein the packet loss rate is used for counting the packet loss quantity of a certain node, and the nodes with more packet loss quantity are set to be in a non-network-access state and need to apply for network access again.
6. The self-adaptive time synchronization scheme-based LoRa equipment ad hoc network system according to claim 1, wherein: the nodes are used for applying network access, data reporting and time synchronization.
7. The adaptive time synchronization scheme-based LoRa device ad hoc network system of claim 6, wherein: applying for network access, wherein each node applies for adding into the LoRa ad hoc network based on the ad hoc protocol;
the data reporting is used for adjusting the sending, receiving and dormancy time of the data reporting device after receiving the synchronous data packet to obtain the time slot and the time slice distributed by the central equipment; periodically uploading the collected values of the sensors to the central equipment;
and the time synchronization is used for calibrating the count value of the central equipment when the instant time value replied by the central equipment is received, so that the time synchronization with the central equipment is realized.
8. The self-adaptive time synchronization scheme-based LoRa equipment ad hoc network system according to claim 1, wherein: the central device includes two modes of operation, transmit and receive.
9. The self-adaptive time synchronization scheme-based LoRa equipment ad hoc network system according to claim 1, wherein: the node comprises three working modes of receiving, transmitting and dormancy.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117082652A (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-11-17 | 北京中关村智连安全科学研究院有限公司 | Data transmission method and system based on LoRa ad hoc network same-frequency avoidance |
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| CN117082652A (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-11-17 | 北京中关村智连安全科学研究院有限公司 | Data transmission method and system based on LoRa ad hoc network same-frequency avoidance |
| CN117082652B (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2024-05-07 | 北京中关村智连安全科学研究院有限公司 | Data transmission method and system based on LoRa ad hoc network same-frequency avoidance |
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