CN112492669A - Wireless communication method and system for node equipment of power transmission and transformation equipment internet of things - Google Patents
Wireless communication method and system for node equipment of power transmission and transformation equipment internet of things Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
- H04W52/0235—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a power saving command
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
- H04W74/0833—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
- H04W76/28—Discontinuous transmission [DTX]; Discontinuous reception [DRX]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless communication method for node equipment of an Internet of things of power transmission and transformation equipment, wherein a communication channel between master equipment and slave equipment in the Internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment is provided with a broadcast channel, a downlink control channel, a multicast channel, a downlink shared channel, an uplink random competition channel and an uplink shared channel, and different channels are distinguished by a channel type field of an MAC frame header; the communication process between the master device and the slave device is set, and comprises a node broadcasting process, a random access process, a pre-allocation registration process, an uplink shared control channel scheduling communication process, a discontinuous reception DRX scheduling communication process, a downlink shared control channel communication process, a group packaging and fragmenting process and the like. The invention can meet the requirements of large data volume, mA-level power consumption state perception sensor standardized access, such as waveform type of the power transmission and transformation equipment internet of things, and the like, networking between the sink node and the access node is realized, and the requirements of mA-level communication power consumption, synchronous sampling of the sensor and reliable networking coverage of a service scene are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wireless communication method and system for node equipment of an Internet of things of power transmission and transformation equipment, and belongs to the field of communication of sensors of the Internet of things of power transmission and transformation equipment.
Background
With the development of technologies such as internet of things and wireless communication, the application demand of a wireless sensor network in power transmission and transformation intelligent operation and inspection services is increasing continuously. Compared with traditional wired monitoring, wireless transmission can effectively solve the problem that sensing data of application scenes such as charged bodies and incapability of wiring cannot be transmitted, meanwhile, the structure of the sensor is simplified, miniaturization and low cost of the sensor are promoted, and quick installation and instant use are achieved. The overall architecture of the power transmission and transformation equipment internet of things is divided into four levels: a sensing layer, a network layer, a platform layer, and an application layer, as shown in fig. 1.
The sensing layer is composed of various internet of things sensors and network nodes and is divided into a sensor layer and a data aggregation layer, and sensing information collection and aggregation are achieved. The sensor layer is composed of various sensors of the internet of things and used for collecting state quantities of different types of equipment and uploading data to the sink node through a network. The sensors of the internet of things are classified into a micro-power wireless sensor, a low-power wireless sensor and a wired sensor; the data aggregation layer is composed of network nodes such as aggregation nodes and access nodes, and various node devices form a micropower (mu A level)/low-power consumption (mA level) wireless sensor network and a sensor network which is fully compatible with a wired transmission network and fully covers a service scene.
However, with the gradual application of the wireless sensor network, three problems are exposed: 1) most existing sensing devices of the Internet of things adopt private protocols, and cannot be compatible and replaced with each other, so that a sensing network system is repeatedly built; 2) in the power transmission and transformation business, sensors with large data volume such as partial discharge, vibration and the like are widely applied to the field of power transmission and transformation business, but the sensors have large data volume and provide high requirements for network system scheduling. At present, a unified communication protocol capable of meeting the business requirements is not available in the field of power transmission and transformation. 3) In service scenes such as overhead lines, substation rooms and the like, due to the influences of factors such as terrain, shielding and building structures, networking among network nodes is realized according to a flexible networking mode, and finally, the full-service scene coverage of the sensor network is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a wireless communication method and system for nodes of the internet of things of power transmission and transformation equipment, so as to meet the requirements of large data volume, mA-level power consumption state perception sensor standardized access, such as waveforms and the like of the internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment, realize networking between a sink node and an access node, and meet the requirements of mA-level communication power consumption, synchronous sampling of the sensor and reliable networking coverage of a service scene.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wireless communication method for node equipment of an Internet of things of power transmission and transformation equipment is characterized in that a communication channel between master equipment and slave equipment in the Internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment is provided with a broadcast channel, a downlink control channel, a multicast channel, a downlink shared channel, an uplink random competition channel and an uplink shared channel, and different channels are distinguished through a channel type field of an MAC layer frame header; the system comprises a broadcast channel, a downlink control channel, a downlink shared channel, an uplink random competition channel and an uplink shared channel, wherein the broadcast channel is used for message broadcasting and time synchronization, the downlink control channel is used for scheduling information and response, the downlink shared channel is used for downlink point-to-point data or signaling transmission, the uplink random competition channel is used for uplink random access and resource request, and the uplink shared channel is used for uplink point-to-point data or signaling transmission; the main equipment and the slave equipment in the power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of things are respectively a sink node and a sensing terminal, or an access node and a sink node; the communication process between the master device and the slave device comprises a node broadcasting process, a random access process, a pre-allocation registration process, a scheduling communication process of an uplink shared control channel, a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) scheduling communication process, a communication process of a downlink shared control channel and a grouping fragmentation process;
the node broadcasting process is that the master equipment periodically sends broadcast information to the slave equipment;
the random access procedure includes: the slave equipment sends an uplink random competition channel random access request for random access, the master equipment registers the slave equipment after successfully receiving the uplink random competition channel random access request, and a communication address of the slave equipment is issued in a subsequent downlink control channel;
the pre-allocation registration process is used for the mapping relation between the device identification and the communication address of the slave device possessed by the master device, and the registration is already completed at the access node, and the pre-allocation registration process comprises the following steps: the master device sends a pre-allocation result through a downlink control channel, and the slave device sends a registration confirmation message through an uplink shared channel according to a time slot position designated by the master device after acquiring a corresponding communication address;
the scheduling communication process of the uplink shared control channel comprises the following steps: the main equipment sends a downlink control channel message; the slave equipment reads the uplink time slot configuration to obtain the time slot position of the uplink shared channel, and sends the uplink shared channel message according to the time slot position appointed by the master equipment; the main device sends a downlink control channel to confirm and respond the uplink shared channel message;
the DRX scheduling communication process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that the slave device receives a DRX sleep instruction sent by the master device and starts to wake up time timing; the slave equipment determines whether to sleep or not according to the local working state; if the data needs to be dormant, the data automatically enters a dormant state after the data receiving and sending processing is finished; when the awakening timing is finished, the slave equipment is automatically awakened and enters a receiving state of the master equipment;
the communication process of the downlink shared control channel comprises the following steps: the master equipment sends a downlink control channel message, and the slave equipment reads the uplink time slot configuration; the master equipment sends a downlink shared control channel message, the slave equipment reads downlink data or instructions and determines whether to feed back the downlink data or instructions according to the type of the downlink data;
the group packet fragmentation process is used for a downlink shared channel or an uplink shared channel, and comprises the following steps: the data packet queue performs data packet fragmentation according to the size of the scheduling resource, wherein the length of the data packet queue is less than or equal to the available resource; transmitting data in a slicing mode; when all the data packets are received, the data is recovered.
Further, the MAC layer frame header comprises an MAC type and a load length, wherein the MAC type comprises a channel type, a network layer indication, a response indication, an MIC indication and an encryption indication; the network layer indication is used for explaining whether the load content of the data frame is network layer data or not; the broadcast channel and the multicast channel in the acknowledgement indication do not need to be acknowledged.
Furthermore, the downlink control channel is used for responding to uplink data, scheduling uplink time slot resources, issuing a DRX sleep command and responding to random access, and messages of the same subtype must fall in the same downlink control channel; the subtypes of the message of the downlink control channel include USCH scheduling, DRX scheduling, registration success acknowledgement, and uplink reception acknowledgement.
Further, the MAC load content of the downlink shared channel includes a master device address, a plurality of slave device addresses, and corresponding data length and data content, where the data content includes an information type, a communication instruction, and communication data, the information type includes a communication instruction length and a communication data packet fragmentation indication, and the type of the communication instruction includes slave device communication parameter query, slave device operating channel configuration, slave device communication rate configuration, slave device transmission power configuration, and slave device service reporting cycle configuration; the communication data field is used for carrying network layer data or service data and supporting group package fragmentation.
Further, the MAC load content of the uplink random contention channel includes a master device address, an information type and a data content, where the information type includes an uplink resource request, a random access request and burst short data.
Further, the MAC load content of the uplink shared channel includes a master device address, a slave device address, an information format, a communication instruction, a resource request, and communication data; the information format field defines the length of a communication instruction, a communication data packet grouping fragment indication and a resource request identifier, and the type of the communication instruction comprises ACK feedback and communication parameter reporting; the communication data field is used for carrying network layer data or service data and supporting group package fragmentation.
Furthermore, the connection of the sensing terminal, the sink node and the access node adopts a tree network topology or a multi-hop network topology; when a tree network topology is adopted, a sensing terminal, a sink node and an access node are connected through an uplink and a downlink of a given channel; when a multi-hop network topology is adopted, part of sink nodes in the network are used as relay nodes, and an access node and the sink nodes or the access node and a sensing terminal are connected; the sensing terminal comprises a micro-power sensor and low-power-consumption sensing, the micro-power sensor is a one-way reporting sensor in the Internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment, the sensor initiates communication, only supports short message transmission and needs to tolerate random packet loss of service data; the low-power consumption sensor is a bidirectional controllable sensor in the power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of things, communication is initiated by a sink node or an access node, and long message transmission, service data fragment retransmission and sensor timing awakening are supported.
Further, the topology establishment process of the networking between the access node and the aggregation node includes: the access node broadcasts, and the neighbor sink node selects random access according to the strength of the broadcast signal; when the random access is successful, the registration is completed at the access node; if the random access fails, the random access is carried out again; the access node schedules the subordinate sink nodes to broadcast, and iterates and circulates until all the node equipment completes local area networking; for a network with a plurality of access nodes, the sink node selects a connected local area network according to the communication hop index with different access nodes; the low-power-consumption sensor access process adopts a pre-allocation registration process or a random access process, and the micro-power sensor adopts a random access process.
A wireless communication system of node equipment of the Internet of things of power transmission and transformation equipment comprises an access node, a sink node and a sensing terminal, wherein when the sink node in the Internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment communicates with the sensing terminal, the sink node is main equipment, and the sensing terminal is slave equipment; when the access node communicates with the sink node, the access node is a master device, and the sink node is a slave device; the communication method between the master equipment and the slave equipment adopts the wireless communication method of the node equipment of the Internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment.
Has the advantages that: the invention can be initiated by the node to dispatch communication, adopts a time slot dispatching mode, can avoid communication collision, and greatly improves the channel utilization rate, thereby meeting the requirement of long data communication; the node equipment can uniformly schedule the sensors to enter the sleep state by sending a DRX instruction; the invention reserves random competition time slot, supports instant transmission request inter cut of burst service and can preferentially schedule alarm service; the invention supports the preset registration configuration and the random access mode, and the sensing terminal can be quickly and automatically accessed under the background authorization condition. The invention supports network topologies such as chain, tree and the like on a network layer, and meets networking requirements of service scenes such as power transmission and transformation; after the nodes are deployed, the high-quality links can be optimized through the broadcast channel to realize automatic establishment of network topology, and automatic routing planning is realized according to a minimum hop strategy. The power consumption state sensing sensor can be used for the standardized access (such as partial discharge, vibration waveform, mechanical characteristics and the like) of the power consumption state sensing sensor with large data volume (hundred kB level) and mA level power consumption state sensing sensor such as the waveform of the power transmission and transformation equipment internet of things; meanwhile, the method is used for networking between the sink node and the access node, and meets the requirements of mA-level communication power consumption, synchronous sampling of sensors, reliable networking coverage of service scenes and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general architecture diagram of an internet of things of power transmission and transformation equipment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a resource mapping relationship of the MAC layer.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a channel mapping relationship.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a node broadcasting process.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a random access procedure.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating a pre-allocation registration process.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the communication process of the USCH.
Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a DRX procedure.
Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating a communication procedure of DSCH.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step are within the scope of the present invention.
The power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of things comprises a sensing layer, a network layer, a platform layer and an application layer, the wireless communication protocol in the sensing layer is standardized, and the covered communication equipment comprises an access node, a sink node and a sensor. A physical layer, a media access control layer and a network layer of a node networking protocol of the power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of things and related communication processing processes are defined, so that effective management and distribution of data transmission in the power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of things are achieved.
The power transmission and transformation equipment internet of things sensing layer network supports tree-shaped network topology and multi-hop network topology, and when the tree-shaped network topology is adopted, the sensor, the sink node and the access node are connected through an uplink and a downlink of a given channel. When a multi-hop network topology is adopted, part of sink nodes in the network are used as relay nodes, and access nodes far away from each other are effectively connected with the sink nodes or the access nodes and the sensors, so that reliable communication transmission is completed.
The physical layer (PHY) is responsible for handling the physical transmission of the bitstream, including transmission and reception. The physical layer transmits and receives a physical layer protocol data unit through a wireless physical channel and manages physical layer data information and physical layer control information. The physical layer of the invention can be one of CSS physical layer, IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer and BLE 5.0 physical layer.
The media access control layer (MAC) provides services for the network layer on the basis of providing services for the physical layer, and specifies the MAC frame format and the corresponding channel definition, the main equipment broadcasting process, the random access process, the uplink scheduling process and the like based on a time division multiple access technology system. The network layer (NWK) defines the end-to-end data transport format, topology establishment procedures, and routing procedures. The definition related to the address in the present invention is an Equipment Identification (EID) and a communication address (CID). The node device and the device identifier corresponding to the sensor are numbered uniquely in the whole network range governed by the service platform, and are defined by 6 bytes. The device identifier of the master device is referred to as the master device identifier for short, and the device identifier of the slave device is referred to as the slave device identifier for short. The communication addresses of the node equipment and the sensor are numbered uniquely within the node coverage range. The communication address of the master device is hereinafter simply referred to as master address, and the communication address of the slave device is hereinafter simply referred to as slave address. The communication address is numbered with 2 bytes.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a wireless communication method for node equipment of an Internet of things of power transmission and transformation equipment.A communication channel between master equipment and slave equipment in the Internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment is provided with a broadcast channel, a downlink control channel, a multicast channel, a downlink shared channel, an uplink random competition channel and an uplink shared channel, and different channels are distinguished through a channel type field of an MAC layer frame header; the system comprises a broadcast channel, a downlink control channel, a downlink shared channel, an uplink random competition channel and an uplink shared channel, wherein the broadcast channel is used for message broadcasting and time synchronization, the downlink control channel is used for scheduling information and response, the downlink shared channel is used for downlink point-to-point data or signaling transmission, the uplink random competition channel is used for uplink random access and resource request, and the uplink shared channel is used for uplink point-to-point data or signaling transmission; the main equipment and the slave equipment in the power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of things are respectively a sink node and a sensing terminal, or an access node and a sink node; the communication process between the master device and the slave device comprises a node broadcasting process, a random access process, a pre-allocation registration process, a scheduling communication process of an uplink shared control channel, a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) scheduling communication process, a communication process of a downlink shared control channel and a grouping fragmentation process;
the node broadcasting process is that the master equipment periodically sends broadcast information to the slave equipment;
the random access process comprises the following steps: the slave equipment sends an uplink random competition channel random access request for random access, the master equipment registers the slave equipment after successfully receiving the uplink random competition channel random access request, and a communication address of the slave equipment is issued in a subsequent downlink control channel;
the pre-allocation registration process is used for the mapping relation between the device identification and the communication address of the slave device possessed by the master device, and the registration is already completed at the access node, and comprises the following steps: the master device sends a pre-allocation result through a downlink control channel, and the slave device sends a registration confirmation message through an uplink shared channel according to a time slot position designated by the master device after acquiring a corresponding communication address;
the scheduling communication process of the uplink shared control channel comprises the following steps: the main equipment sends a downlink control channel message; the slave equipment reads the uplink time slot configuration to obtain the time slot position of the uplink shared channel, and sends the uplink shared channel message according to the time slot position appointed by the master equipment; the main device sends a downlink control channel to confirm and respond the uplink shared channel message;
the DRX scheduling communication process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that the slave device receives a DRX sleep instruction sent by the master device and starts to wake up time timing; the slave equipment determines whether to sleep or not according to the local working state; if the data needs to be dormant, the data automatically enters a dormant state after the data receiving and sending processing is finished; when the awakening timing is finished, the slave equipment is automatically awakened and enters a receiving state of the master equipment;
the communication process of the downlink shared control channel comprises the following steps: the master equipment sends a downlink control channel message, and the slave equipment reads the uplink time slot configuration; the master equipment sends a downlink shared control channel message, the slave equipment reads downlink data or instructions and determines whether to feed back the downlink data or instructions according to the type of the downlink data;
the packet fragmentation process is used for a downlink shared channel or an uplink shared channel, and comprises the following steps: the data packet queue performs data packet fragmentation according to the size of the scheduling resource, wherein the length of the data packet queue is less than or equal to the available resource; transmitting data in a slicing mode; when all the data packets are received, the data is recovered.
Based on the same invention concept, the wireless communication system for the node equipment of the power transmission and transformation equipment internet of things disclosed by the embodiment of the invention comprises an access node, a sink node and a sensing terminal, wherein when the sink node and the sensing terminal are in communication in the power transmission and transformation equipment internet of things, the sink node is a main device, and the sensing terminal is a slave device; when the access node communicates with the sink node, the access node is a master device, and the sink node is a slave device; the communication method between the master equipment and the slave equipment adopts the wireless communication method of the node equipment of the Internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment.
The MAC layer and the network layer to which the present invention mainly relates are described in detail below.
The time domain communication resources of the system are divided as shown in fig. 3. The 1 Super Frame (Super Frame) comprises a plurality of (M) frames (Frame), and the 1 Frame comprises a downlink Frame (DL-Frame) and an uplink Frame (UL-Frame) which are connected with each otherThe time Slot proportion of the middle downlink frame and the uplink frame can be configured, and the whole frame comprises a plurality of (N) time slots (slots). The time slot is the minimum time unit of system scheduling, and the number of the time slots occupied by the downlink frame is NDLThe number of time slots occupied by the uplink frame is NUL，N＝NDL+NUL。
The frame length of the whole network and the configuration proportion of the upper frame and the lower frame are unified and are broadcast in the whole network range governed by the service platform as network parameters. A single MAC frame occupies at least 1 timeslot, or a plurality of consecutive timeslots according to the node configuration.
The MAC frame structure is shown in table 1, and includes a MAC layer header, a MAC load, and an information integrity.
Table 1 MAC layer frame structure
The MAC type is defined in table 2 and includes a channel type, a network layer indication, a reply indication, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) indication, and a ciphering indication. The channel type definition is shown in table 3, and the indication definition is shown in table 4.
Table 2 definition of MAC types
Table 3 channel type definition
Table 4 indicates the definitions
The 1 channel may occupy a single slot or a plurality of consecutive slots, and the starting position of each channel is aligned with the beginning of a slot (slot), and the arrangement order of the channels in the frame is shown in fig. 8. In a downlink frame, a Broadcast Channel (BCH), a Downlink Control Channel (DCCH), a Multicast Channel (MCH) and a Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH) are sequentially arranged, wherein each frame of the BCH has the Broadcast Channel (BCH); in the uplink frame, the USCH and the URCH are sequentially arranged. Different channels, type part are distinguished in the MAC header part, and content part is defined and carried in the MAC load part. The channel mapping relationship is shown in fig. 3.
The BCH channel definition is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 BCH channel definition
The MAC payload length is fixed to 22 bytes and the specific field definitions are shown in table 6. Network ID: the unique identifier in the local area network is used for distinguishing different node networks; version number: differentiating different networks from a time dimension; hop count: the communication hop count of the current node from the access node is 0 if the current node is the access node; time slot length: represents the time length of the time slot, and the unit is ms; superframe configuration: the number of frames present in a superframe; frame number: the position sequence number of the current frame in the superframe; and (3) broadcasting period: broadcasting every other number of frames; number of downlink frame slots: the number of time slots occupied by the downlink frame; number of uplink frame slots: the number of time slots occupied by the uplink frame; GP-Dphy: the sending time protection domain of the adjacent physical frame in the downlink frame is positioned at the tail part of the time slot, and the unit is as follows: 100 mu s; GP-Uslot: the time protection domain of the time slot in the uplink frame is positioned at the tail part of the time slot, and the unit is as follows: 100 mu s; GP-DL/UL: the time protection domain for switching the downlink frame to the uplink frame is positioned at the tail part of the downlink frame, and the unit is as follows: 100 mu s; GP-Frame: the time protection domain for switching between frames is positioned at the tail part of an uplink frame, and the unit is as follows: 100 mu s; BCH length: the number of bytes representing the BCH physical load; zero padding is carried out after the BCH contains message content, so that the slave device can time conveniently, and the default configuration is 55 bytes (the physical load is 55 bytes); frequency point number: the method is used for indicating the working frequency point serial number of the current main equipment.
TABLE 6 message content definition of BCH
The downlink control channel is mainly used for responding to uplink data, scheduling uplink time slot resources, issuing a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) sleep command, responding to random access, and the like. Messages of the same subtype must fall within the same DCCH channel; the different sub-types of information may be in the same or different DCCH channels. The specific definition of the MAC loading of the downlink control channel is shown in table 7.
Table 7 MAC load definition of downlink control channel
| Master address | Message type 1 | Scheduling table 1 | Message type 2 | Scheduling table 2 | …… |
| 2 bytes | 1 byte | Become longer | 1 byte | Become longer | …… |
The message type definition is shown in table 8.
Table 8 message type definitions
The USCH schedule is shown in table 9.
TABLE 9 USCH Schedule
The DRX schedule is shown in table 10.
TABLE 10 DRX scheduling table
The registration success response is shown in table 11.
TABLE 11 registration success response
The uplink received acknowledgement is shown in table 12.
Table 12 uplink received acknowledgement
The Multicast Channel (MCH) is used to send commands or data for multicast to multiple sensors, and the MAC load is defined in table 13.
Table 13 MAC load definition for multicast channels
| Master address | Multicast address | Content providing method and apparatus |
| 2 bytes | 2 bytes | Become longer |
The MAC load definition of the downlink shared channel is shown in table 14.
Table 14 MAC load definition of downlink shared channel
The data content is defined in table 15.
Table 15 data content definitions
| Type of information | Communication instruction (optional) | Communication data (optional) |
| 1 byte | Become longer | Become longer |
The information type definition of the downlink shared channel DSCH is shown in table 16.
Table 16 information type definition of downlink shared channel DSCH
The definition of the downlink communication instruction is shown in the table 17, and the instruction content of the parameter query is shown in the table 18. A
Table 17 communication instruction definitions
Table 18 instruction content definition for parameter lookup
| Number of parameters | Parameter type 1 | Parameter type 2 | …… |
| 1 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte | …… |
Downlink communication data (PDU) for carrying network layer data or Service Data (SDU). The length of an SDU is 1400 bytes at the maximum. If the SDU does not need to be group packet sliced, then the group packet slice indication b2 in the marker communication data is 0 and the PDU is SDU. If the SDU requires group packet fragmentation, then the group packet fragmentation indication b2 in the communication data is marked as 1, and a group packet fragmentation header is added to the PDU, where the definition of PDU is shown in table 19, where FLAG defines: 0b00 indicates that fragmentation is not being performed (FLAG _ unfrig); 0b01 denotes the first slice (FLAG _ FRAG _ START); 0b10 indicates that there is still a slice (FLAG _ FRAG _ NEXT) following it; 0b11 indicates the last slice (FLAG _ FRAG _ STOP). SSEQ definition: sequence number of Service Data (SDU). Priority definition: priority of communication data (PDU), 0 indicates low and 1 indicates high. PSEQ defines: the sequence number of the PDU. SIZE definition: the length (number of bytes) of the packet data. Packet DATA DATA definition: and packaging the data content of the fragmented PDU.
TABLE 19 PDU Format definition with packet fragmentation
The unscheduled time slot of the uplink random contention channel in this frame may be used for a plurality of slave devices to contend for transmission, and the MAC load content of the uplink random contention channel is defined in table 20.
TABLE 20 MAC payload content for uplink random contention channel
| Master address | Type of information | Data content |
| 2 bytes | 1 byte | Become longer |
The information type definition is shown in table 21.
Table 21 information type definitions
The data content of the uplink resource request is defined in table 22.
Table 22 data content definitions
The data content of the random access is defined in table 23.
TABLE 23 data content definition for random Access
The burst short data content is defined in table 24.
Table 24 burst short data definition
The MAC loading content of the uplink shared channel is shown in table 25.
Table 25 MAC loading content of uplink shared channel
The information format fields are shown in table 26.
Table 26 information format field
The upstream communication order is defined in table 27. The content of the ACK feedback instruction is shown in table 28, and the content of the communication parameter reporting instruction is shown in table 29.
Table 27 upstream communication order definitions
Table 28 instruction content definition of ACK feedback
| Bit | Definition of | Remarks for note |
| b7 | ACK feedback for DSCH | |
| b6 | Feedback for DRX | |
| b5 | Feedback of registration success | |
| Others | Retention |
Table 29 instruction content definition reported by communication parameters
| Number of parameters | Parameter type 1 | Parameter content 1 | …… |
| 1 byte | 1 byte | Become longer | …… |
The content definition of the upstream communication data is consistent with the content definition of the upstream communication data, see table 19.
The related processes of the MAC layer include a node broadcast process, a random access process, an uplink scheduling process, and the like, which are described in detail below.
1. Node broadcast procedure
The broadcast is periodic, timed, with the broadcast information being sent by the master (node) to the slave (node or sensor). The broadcast is performed once in multiple frames in the period of BCH channel transmission, and is at the beginning of DL frame. The slave device can acquire time synchronization with the master device through a broadcast channel. The node broadcast process is shown in figure 4.
2. Random access procedure
The random access process is shown in fig. 5, and the specific process is as follows:
a) the slave equipment receives the DCCH of the master equipment and analyzes uplink scheduling information;
b) the slave equipment selects the rest time slots, and sends the URCH for random access after random back-off selection;
c) if the primary device successfully receives the URCH, the secondary device registration is attempted;
d) if the master device successfully registers the slave device, the communication address of the slave device is issued in a subsequent DCCH;
e) the master device schedules an uplink channel or DRX sleep of the slave device through a DCCH.
4. Pre-allocation registration procedure
The master device has a mapping relationship between the device identification and the communication address of the slave device and has already completed registration at the access node. The non-access network slave device may employ pre-assigned registration. The pre-allocation registration is only used in the initial networking process, and the slave equipment does not need to send the data after completing the access. As shown in fig. 6, the master device sends the pre-allocation result through DCCH, and the slave device sends a registration confirmation message through USCH according to the timeslot position designated by the master device after acquiring the corresponding communication address.
5. Scheduling communication procedure of uplink shared control channel (USCH)
The master device maintains an uplink schedule locally for the slave devices. The scheduling table is mainly configured according to the uploading period, the uploading data length and the like of the slave equipment, and temporary scheduling communication can be added through a random channel request. The communication process of the USCH is shown in fig. 7, where the master device sends a DCCH, and the slave device reads the uplink timeslot configuration to obtain the timeslot position of the USCH and sends a USCH message. And the master equipment performs acknowledgement of the uplink shared channel message through the DCCH.
6. DRX scheduling communication procedures
The DRX procedure is shown in fig. 8, and specifically includes the following steps:
a) the method comprises the steps that the slave device receives a DRX sleep instruction sent by the master device and starts to wake up time timing;
b) the slave equipment determines whether to sleep or not according to the local working state;
c) if the data needs to be dormant, the data automatically enters a dormant state after the data receiving and sending processing is finished;
d) and when the awakening timing is finished, the slave equipment is automatically awakened and enters a receiving state of the master equipment.
7. Communication procedure of downlink shared control channel (DSCH)
The master device maintains a downlink schedule locally for the slave devices. Referring to fig. 9, the DSCH communication process is shown in fig. 9, where the slave device reads the uplink timeslot configuration from the DCCH, reads downlink data or instructions from the DSCH, and determines whether to feed back according to the type of the downlink data.
8. Group package fragmentation process
The group packet fragmentation function is only used for a downlink shared channel or an uplink shared channel, and the specific process is as follows:
a) and the data packet queue performs data packet fragmentation according to the size of the scheduling resource, wherein the length of the data packet queue is less than or equal to the available resource.
b) The frame format of the fragmented transmission data refers to the frame format of the downlink shared channel and the frame format of the uplink shared channel.
c) All packets of the group packet fragment have acknowledgement (this step is optional).
d) When there is a packet loss, the packet can be retransmitted, or the whole packet can be discarded after multiple retransmission failures (this step is optional).
When all data packets are received, the network layer data (SDU) is recovered.
The network layer frame is carried on the DSCH and USCH channels and corresponds to a communication data field. The network layer frame structure is shown in table 30.
Table 30 network layer frame structure
The network frame type definition is shown in table 31 and the typical configuration is shown in table 32.
TABLE 31 network frame type definition
Exemplary configuration of Table 32
The network layer load corresponding to the network layer command is shown in table 33.
Table 33 network layer load definition
The definition of the network layer instruction type is shown in table 34.
Table 34 network layer instruction type definitions
The reporting instruction content of the subordinate topology change of the node is shown in a table 35, and the indication definition is shown in a table 36.
Table 35 subordinate topology change reporting instruction content definition
| Master EID | Indication of | Number of | Slave EID1 | Slave EID2 | …… |
| 6 bytes | 1 byte | 1 byte | 6 bytes | 6 bytes | …… |
Table 36 indication definition of subordinate topology change reporting
The node subordinate node routing table issues instruction content definition in table 37, and the instruction definition in table 38.
Table 37 node subordinate node routing table instruction content definition
| Master EID | Indication of | Number of | Slave EID | Slave EID | …… |
| 6 bytes | 1 byte | 1 byte | 6 bytes | 6 bytes | …… |
Table 38 indication definition of routing table of node subordinate node
The subordinate sensor routing table issues instruction content definition in a table 39, and the instruction definition is in a table 40.
Table 39 instruction content definitions
| Master EID | Indication of | Number of | Sensor EID | Sensor EID | …… |
| 6 bytes | 1 byte | 1 byte | 6 bytes | 6 bytes | …… |
Table 40 indication definition of subordinate sensor routing tables of nodes
The subordinate device registration request instruction contents are defined in table 41, and the indication definition is shown in table 42.
Table 41 instruction content definitions
| Indication of | Number of slave devices | Slave EID1 | Slave EID2 | …… |
| 1 byte | 1 byte | 6 bytes | 6 bytes | …… |
Table 42 indication definition of subordinate device registration request
The subordinate device registration response instruction content is defined in table 43, and the indication of the device registration response is defined in table 44.
Table 43 instruction content definitions
TABLE 44 indication definition of device registration reply
The node channel state query instruction content is as follows: query sequence (1 byte, reserved). The definition of the reporting instruction content of the node channel state is shown in a table 45, and the definition of the channel type is shown in a table 46.
Table 45 instruction content definitions
| Number of channels | Channel 1 type | Channel 2 type | …… |
| 1 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte | …… |
Table 46 definition of channel types
The node channel work configuration issuing instruction content definition is shown in a table 47, the channel configuration definition is shown in a table 48, the channel number definition is shown in a table 49, and the channel configuration indication definition is shown in a table 50.
Table 47 instruction content definitions
| Number of channels | Channel 1 configuration | Channel 2 configuration | …… |
| 1 byte | Become longer | Become longer | …… |
Table 48 channel configuration definitions
Table 49 channel number definitions for issuing channel configurations
| Bit | Definition of | Value taking | Means of |
| b7～b4 | Retention | ||
| b3～b0 | Channel numbering | 0～15 | If the device has multiple channels, corresponding numbering is carried out. |
Table 50 indication definition of issue channel configuration
The definition of the reporting instruction content of the node device state is shown in table 51, and the definition of the state index and the node device state is shown in table 52. And (3) state indexing: the sequence position of each bit corresponds to the number in the node equipment state table, the value 0b1 indicates that the table contains related state content, and the value 0b0 indicates that the table does not contain related state content.
Table 51 instruction content definitions
| State index | Node device status |
| 2 bytes | Become longer |
TABLE 52 node device status Table
The node equipment state query instruction content is as follows: the state index (2 bytes).
The network layer response (up) instruction content is defined in table 53.
Table 53 instruction content definitions
The network layer response (downstream) instruction content is defined in table 54.
Table 54 instruction content definitions
The instruction content definition issued by the black and white list of the sensor is shown in a table 55, and the instruction definition of the black and white list of the sensor is shown in a table 56.
Table 55 instruction content definitions
| Indication of | Number of | Sensor EID1 | Sensor EID2 | …… |
| 1 byte | 1 byte | 6 bytes | 6 bytes | …… |
Table 56 indicator definition for black and white lists of sensors
The definition of the contents of the command issued by the synchronous acquisition command of the sensor is shown in the table 57.
Table 57 instruction content definitions
| Gather instruction type | Number of sensors | Sensor EID1 | Sensor EID2 | …… |
| 1 byte | 1 byte | 6 bytes | 6 bytes | …… |
The content definition of the subordinate sensor communication parameter configuration instruction is shown in a table 58, and the parameter type and the parameter content definition of the sensor communication are shown in a table 59
Table 58 instruction content definitions
| Channel number | Number of parameters | Parameter type 1 | Parameter content 1 | …… |
| 1 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte | Become longer | …… |
TABLE 59 sensor communication parameters table
The subordinate sensor communication parameter query instruction content definition is shown in table 60, wherein the parameter type definition of the sensor communication is shown in table 59.
Table 60 instruction content definitions
| Channel number | Number of parameters | Parameter type 1 | Parameter type 2 | …… |
| 1 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte | Become longer | …… |
The content definition of the reporting instruction of the subordinate sensor communication parameters is shown in a table 61, wherein the parameter types and the parameter content definition of the sensor communication are shown in a table 59.
Table 61 instruction content definitions
| Channel number | Number of parameters | Parameter type 1 | Parameter content 1 | …… |
| 1 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte | Become longer | …… |
The topological structure adopted by the node networking is a tree topology (or a multi-hop topology), is initiated by an access node and gradually spreads to all nodes, and the specific process is as follows:
a) the access node broadcasts, and the neighbor sink node selects random access according to the strength of the broadcast signal.
b) When the random access is successful, the registration is completed at the access node; and if the random access fails, the random access is carried out again.
c) And the access node schedules the subordinate sink nodes for broadcasting.
d) And (5) iterating and circulating until all the node equipment completes local area networking.
e) For a network with a plurality of access nodes (power transmission multi-hop), the sink node can select the local area network connected to which access node according to the related indexes such as the communication hop count of different access nodes.
And the node (a convergence or access node) performs the broadcast of the low-power consumption sensor access at the appointed frame number according to the scheduling result of the access node. The low-power consumption sensor can be scheduled in advance (random access is not needed, uplink communication can be carried out at the appointed frame number and time slot position), and the low-power consumption sensor can also be accessed randomly (the processes of random competition and registration are completed).
Because the network topology is a tree topology, each device (except the access node) can find the main device to which the device belongs, and uplink data transmission can be completed step by step according to the master-slave relationship.
The access node has the connection relation between all the subordinate aggregation nodes and the sensor, namely a downlink tree routing table. The method comprises the steps that a node routing table between storage nodes of each aggregation node and a sensor routing table subordinate to the node routing table are stored, and downlink data sent by an access node are addressed to a last-stage aggregation node (corresponding to a target sensor) through the node routing table; and then the sink node issues the data to the corresponding sensor through the local sensor routing table. If it is data for the sink node, the sensor communication portion may be omitted.
The route update includes a static route update and a dynamic route update.
The static routing address updating is initiated by an access node, and can be divided into the following two types according to the updating content:
A) the access node initiates communication and sends the locally stored node routing table (node networking) to the corresponding sink node.
B) The access node initiates a communication and sends its locally stored sensor routing table (which may be an incremental update) to the corresponding aggregation node.
The dynamic routing address updating is initiated by the sink node, and can be divided into the following two types according to the updating content:
A) the sink node initiates communication and sends topology information (or topology change information) of its subordinate nodes to the access node.
B) The sink node initiates communication and sends topology information (or topology change information) of its subordinate sensor to the access node.
Claims (9)
1. A wireless communication method for node equipment of the Internet of things of power transmission and transformation equipment is characterized in that a communication channel between master equipment and slave equipment in the Internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment is provided with a broadcast channel, a downlink control channel, a multicast channel, a downlink shared channel, an uplink random competition channel and an uplink shared channel, and different channels are distinguished through a channel type field of an MAC layer frame header; the system comprises a broadcast channel, a downlink control channel, a downlink shared channel, an uplink random competition channel and an uplink shared channel, wherein the broadcast channel is used for message broadcasting and time synchronization, the downlink control channel is used for scheduling information and response, the downlink shared channel is used for downlink point-to-point data or signaling transmission, the uplink random competition channel is used for uplink random access and resource request, and the uplink shared channel is used for uplink point-to-point data or signaling transmission; the main equipment and the slave equipment in the power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of things are respectively a sink node and a sensing terminal, or an access node and a sink node; the communication process between the master device and the slave device comprises a node broadcasting process, a random access process, a pre-allocation registration process, a scheduling communication process of an uplink shared control channel, a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) scheduling communication process, a communication process of a downlink shared control channel and a grouping fragmentation process;
the node broadcasting process is that the master equipment periodically sends broadcast information to the slave equipment;
the random access procedure includes: the slave equipment sends an uplink random competition channel random access request for random access, the master equipment registers the slave equipment after successfully receiving the uplink random competition channel random access request, and a communication address of the slave equipment is issued in a subsequent downlink control channel;
the pre-allocation registration process is used for the mapping relation between the device identification and the communication address of the slave device possessed by the master device, and the registration is already completed at the access node, and the pre-allocation registration process comprises the following steps: the master device sends a pre-allocation result through a downlink control channel, and the slave device sends a registration confirmation message through an uplink shared channel according to a time slot position designated by the master device after acquiring a corresponding communication address;
the scheduling communication process of the uplink shared control channel comprises the following steps: the main equipment sends a downlink control channel message; the slave equipment reads the uplink time slot configuration to obtain the time slot position of the uplink shared channel, and sends the uplink shared channel message according to the time slot position appointed by the master equipment; the main device sends a downlink control channel to confirm and respond the uplink shared channel message;
the DRX scheduling communication process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that the slave device receives a DRX sleep instruction sent by the master device and starts to wake up time timing; the slave equipment determines whether to sleep or not according to the local working state; if the data needs to be dormant, the data automatically enters a dormant state after the data receiving and sending processing is finished; when the awakening timing is finished, the slave equipment is automatically awakened and enters a receiving state of the master equipment;
the communication process of the downlink shared control channel comprises the following steps: the master equipment sends a downlink control channel message, and the slave equipment reads the uplink time slot configuration; the master equipment sends a downlink shared control channel message, the slave equipment reads downlink data or instructions and determines whether to feed back the downlink data or instructions according to the type of the downlink data;
the group packet fragmentation process is used for a downlink shared channel or an uplink shared channel, and comprises the following steps: the data packet queue performs data packet fragmentation according to the size of the scheduling resource, wherein the length of the data packet queue is less than or equal to the available resource; transmitting data in a slicing mode; when all the data packets are received, the data is recovered.
2. The wireless communication method for the node equipment of the internet of things of the electric transmission and transformation equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frame header of the MAC layer comprises an MAC type and a load length, and the MAC type comprises a channel type, a network layer indication, a response indication, an MIC indication and an encryption indication; the network layer indication is used for explaining whether the load content of the data frame is network layer data or not; the broadcast channel and the multicast channel in the acknowledgement indication do not need to be acknowledged.
3. The wireless communication method for the node equipment of the internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the downlink control channel is used for responding to uplink data, scheduling uplink time slot resources, issuing a DRX sleep command and randomly accessing a response, and messages of the same subtype must fall in the same downlink control channel; the subtypes of the message of the downlink control channel include USCH scheduling, DRX scheduling, registration success acknowledgement, and uplink reception acknowledgement.
4. The wireless communication method for the node equipment of the internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MAC load content of the downlink shared channel includes a master equipment address, a plurality of slave equipment addresses, and corresponding data length and data content, wherein the data content includes an information type, a communication instruction and communication data, the information type includes a communication instruction length and a communication data packet fragmentation indication, and the type of the communication instruction includes slave equipment communication parameter query, slave equipment working channel configuration, slave equipment communication rate configuration, slave equipment transmission power configuration and slave equipment service reporting period configuration; the communication data field is used for carrying network layer data or service data and supporting group package fragmentation.
5. The wireless communication method for the node equipment of the internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MAC load content of the uplink random contention channel includes a master equipment address, an information type and data content, wherein the information type includes an uplink resource request, a random access request and burst short data.
6. The wireless communication method for the node equipment of the internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MAC load content of the uplink shared channel comprises a master equipment address, a slave equipment address, an information format, a communication instruction, a resource request and communication data; the information format field defines the length of a communication instruction, a communication data packet grouping fragment indication and a resource request identifier, and the type of the communication instruction comprises ACK feedback and communication parameter reporting; the communication data field is used for carrying network layer data or service data and supporting group package fragmentation.
7. The wireless communication method for the nodes of the internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment according to claim 1, wherein the connection among the sensing terminal, the sink node and the access node adopts a tree network topology or a multi-hop network topology; when a tree network topology is adopted, a sensing terminal, a sink node and an access node are connected through an uplink and a downlink of a given channel; when a multi-hop network topology is adopted, part of sink nodes in the network are used as relay nodes, and an access node and the sink nodes or the access node and a sensing terminal are connected; the sensing terminal comprises a micro-power sensor and low-power-consumption sensing, the micro-power sensor is a one-way reporting sensor in the Internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment, the sensor initiates communication, only supports short message transmission and needs to tolerate random packet loss of service data; the low-power consumption sensor is a bidirectional controllable sensor in the power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of things, communication is initiated by a sink node or an access node, and long message transmission, service data fragment retransmission and sensor timing awakening are supported.
8. The wireless communication method for the node equipment of the internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment as claimed in claim 7, wherein the topology establishment process of the networking between the access node and the sink node comprises the following steps: the access node broadcasts, and the neighbor sink node selects random access according to the strength of the broadcast signal; when the random access is successful, the registration is completed at the access node; if the random access fails, the random access is carried out again; the access node schedules the subordinate sink nodes to broadcast, and iterates and circulates until all the node equipment completes local area networking; for a network with a plurality of access nodes, the sink node selects a connected local area network according to the communication hop index with different access nodes; the low-power-consumption sensor access process adopts a pre-allocation registration process or a random access process, and the micro-power sensor adopts a random access process.
9. A wireless communication system of node equipment of the Internet of things of power transmission and transformation equipment is characterized by comprising an access node, a sink node and a sensing terminal, wherein when the sink node and the sensing terminal communicate in the Internet of things of the power transmission and transformation equipment, the sink node is main equipment, and the sensing terminal is slave equipment; when the access node communicates with the sink node, the access node is a master device, and the sink node is a slave device; the communication method between the master equipment and the slave equipment adopts the wireless communication method of the node equipment of the transmission and transformation equipment internet of things according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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