CN1111320A - 废气涡轮增压器 - Google Patents

废气涡轮增压器 Download PDF

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CN1111320A
CN1111320A CN94116412A CN94116412A CN1111320A CN 1111320 A CN1111320 A CN 1111320A CN 94116412 A CN94116412 A CN 94116412A CN 94116412 A CN94116412 A CN 94116412A CN 1111320 A CN1111320 A CN 1111320A
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auxiliary air
gas turbocharger
air
compressor
diffuser
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C·D·舍克
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ABB Management AG
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ABB Management AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F02B37/10Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/024Units comprising pumps and their driving means the driving means being assisted by a power recovery turbine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02Surge control
    • F04D27/0207Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/0238Details or means for fluid reinjection
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/684Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by fluid injection
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

内燃机废气涡轮增压器基本上包括一涡轮和一 离心式压气机,两者均安装于一共用的轴上。带叶片 (11)的扩压器邻近由涡轮驱动的压气机叶轮。在压 气机部分内设置一个由外压缩空气源(5)供气的辅助 空气驱动装置。该装置有若干喷射器,借助于它们, 辅助空气,最好沿流动方向,能被引入扩压器进口 (10)区内。

Description

本发明涉及内燃机的废气涡轮增加器,基本上包括一个涡轮和一个离心式压气机,它们被配置在同一根轴上,一个带叶片的扩压管邻接由该涡轮驱动的压气机叶轮,在压气机部分内设有辅助空气驱动装置,其空气由外压缩空气源供给。
当内燃机,例如柴油机开始负荷作业时,废气涡轮增压器中的涡轮增压器的加速状态须借助于辅助空气驱动装置加以改善。该辅助空气通常被引入压气机叶轮内。为此,由若干喷咀喷出的驱动气流直对该叶轮叶片。这会激起这些叶片振动。由于该引入的辅助空气所导致的压气机叶轮内潜在的喘振危险限制了供给内燃机的空气量,从而损害了所希望的加速效果。因此,特别是出于振动的理由,设置了小的进口角。然而,小的进口角产生小的驱动力。随着转速的增加,该进口角,从而该驱动力便变得越来越小。此外,由于激振的原因,该辅助空气量须得限制。
在一开始提到的那种废气涡轮增压器,例如,可以从德国专利DE-C1-3504465中得到了解。若干喷咀通道分支偏离配置于压气机壳体内的压缩空气收集空间。当需要时,压缩空气经这些喷咀通道逐一对唯压气机叶轮。为此,在压气机叶轮上,除了设有正常的叶栅外,还没有附加的叶栅。该叶栅由均布在圆周周围的辅助驱动叶片组成。喷咀通道的轴线以其使喷射器效果最佳的角度对准该辅助驱动叶片。
因此,本发明试图避免上述诸缺点,而本发明的一个目的是通过简单的装置显著地改善在开始时提到的那种废气涡轮增压器的加速状态。
按照本发明这是这样达到的,其中,辅助空气驱动装置具有若干喷射器,借助于它们,辅助空气能被引入扩压器进口区内。
偏离以往的原理,压气机叶轮由辅助空气直接驱动具有这样的优点,即该新措施并不干扰压缩机叶轮内的流动,要被引入的空气量和其状态可被自由地选择。当内燃机负荷增加时,由于现在能够在最短的时间内供应大量的空气给内燃机,因此,就能避免以前从内燃机中噗的喷出一般烟。在涡轮中立刻增加和形成的废气流使涡轮增压器加速到所希望的范围。
辅助空气沿在每两个相邻扩压器叶片之间的流动方向被引入该扩压器进口、最好是在最窄断面处,是特别有利的。在扩压器进口处所产生的压降支持了压气机叶轮内的流动。
通过参看下列详细的叙述、同时结合附图一起考虑,便会容易地获得对本发明及其许多伴随的优点更完整的理解,其中:
图1简略表示一个在柴油机上的废气涡轮增压器回路,包括压缩空气源;
图2表示经废气涡轮机压气机部分的局部剖视图;
图3表示压气机部分的局部正视图。
现在参照各附图,其中相同的标号代表所有附图中相同的或相应的部件,其中工质的流向用箭头指示,而且在其中只表示出本发明最主要的部件。在图1中用简图表示的该系统主要包括一个内燃机1,在本案中为一个柴油机,它由废气涡轮增压器的压气机2供给压缩空气。柴油机的废气进入增压器涡轮3,后者和压气机叶轮一起被配置在一根共用的轴4上,由增压器涡轮3提供压气机的驱动。
在缺乏为起动机加速所需的废气的情况下,以辅助空气驱动方式供以外能的装置与压气机2相联。这些装置包括一压缩空气源、在本实施例中为一压缩空气罐,它可由一压气机(未示)充气。该压缩空气罐经一压缩空气管6将压缩空气输入一个设置于压气机壳体7内的环形管路8内(图2)。
按照本发明,该辅助空气驱动装置有若干喷射器9,它们由环形管路8供气。喷射器9的孔口,穿过压气机壳体7,处于压气机叶轮叶片12的下游。它们汇集在扩压器进口10的径向平面内,具体地说,在两相邻扩压器叶片11之间的最窄断面的中心。每一个喷射器9跟各扩压器管相联。喷射器的孔口沿扩压器叶片的方向定向。试图使出口流跟界限该流动的流道壁有一个可能的最小角度,并沿该流道的等分线方向流动。
喷射器9是以这样方法来定尺寸的,即令它们能将成倍于在开始时提到的从前的辅助空气量输入到所述扩压器。由于所要求的空气量根据柴油机的运转工况瞬息变化,因此提供了流量控制,为此目的,以最简单的方式,将控制装置20和控制阀21结合在该系统内。或是发动机参数,或是增压器参数,诸如转速或压比,能用作控制参数。
该新措施的操作方式如下:在柴油机供给增压器涡轮3太少废气的运转工况下,例如当内燃机须从怠速迅速加速,如此,废气涡轮增压器须达到高于现在的转速,此时给控制装置20一个指示以开启控制阀21。
辅助空气自压缩空气罐5经压力导管6和环形管路8流过各喷射器9。在扩压管内膨胀的辅助空气,它以2倍至4倍于从前通常的空气量被引入,对该内燃机即刻有用,而不妨碍在压气机叶轮的叶片12之间的流动。相反,以驱动喷流形式汇集的辅助空气对该叶轮中的流动额外地施加一个轻微的负压作用,因此,叶轮的加速能力进一步提高。
随着压气机叶轮加速能力提高,辅助空气量现在可借助于控制装置愈加被节流。当达到额定转速时,切断辅助空气供应。
显然,按照上述的教导,本发明可以有许多修改和变化。因此要理解,除了在其中具体叙述的之外,可以在所附权利要求书的范围内实施本发明。

Claims (5)

1、一种内燃机的废气涡轮增压器,基本上包括一个涡轮和一离心式压气机,两者均安装在一个公用的轴上,因此,一装有叶片的扩压器邻近由涡轮驱动的压气机叶轮,在压气机部分内设置一个由外压缩空气源供气的辅助空气驱动装置,其中辅助空气驱动装置具有若干喷射器,借助于这些喷射器,能将辅助空气引入扩压器进口区。
2、按权利要求1所述的废气涡轮增压器,其特征在于辅助空气沿着流动方向能被引入到扩压器进口。
3、按权利要求2所述的废气涡轮增压器,其特征在于辅助空气能被引入到每两个相邻的扩压器叶片之间。
4、按权利要求1所述的废气涡轮增压器,其特征在于若干喷射器由配置在压气机壳体内的共用的环形管路供气。
5、一种操作按权利要求1所述的废气涡轮增压器的方法,其特征在于以这样方式控制辅助空气的供给:当内燃机怠速时扩压器进口具有全部进入的空气量,其中辅助空气量随压气机叶轮加速的增大而愈加被节流,一当达到额定转速时,切断辅助空气供应。
CN94116412A 1993-10-09 1994-09-23 废气涡轮增压器 Pending CN1111320A (zh)

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DE4334466A DE4334466A1 (de) 1993-10-09 1993-10-09 Abgasturbolader
DEP4334466.6 1993-10-09

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CN1111320A true CN1111320A (zh) 1995-11-08

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US (1) US5461860A (zh)
JP (1) JPH07158461A (zh)
KR (1) KR950011819A (zh)
CN (1) CN1111320A (zh)
CZ (1) CZ237394A3 (zh)
DE (1) DE4334466A1 (zh)
GB (1) GB2282643A (zh)
RU (1) RU94037238A (zh)

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CN101892994A (zh) * 2009-05-19 2010-11-24 曼柴油机欧洲股份公司 用于涡轮增压器的压缩机及装备有该压缩机的涡轮增压器
CN101892994B (zh) * 2009-05-19 2014-03-26 曼柴油机欧洲股份公司 用于涡轮增压器的压缩机及装备有该压缩机的涡轮增压器
CN103534488A (zh) * 2011-05-16 2014-01-22 涡轮梅坎公司 燃气涡轮机扩压器吹气方法和相应的扩压器
CN103534488B (zh) * 2011-05-16 2016-08-17 涡轮梅坎公司 燃气涡轮机扩压器吹气方法和相应的扩压器
CN105247188A (zh) * 2013-06-05 2016-01-13 曼柴油机和涡轮机欧洲股份公司 内燃机和用于运行该内燃机的方法

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DE4334466A1 (de) 1995-04-13
JPH07158461A (ja) 1995-06-20
CZ237394A3 (en) 1995-04-12
KR950011819A (ko) 1995-05-16
RU94037238A (ru) 1996-09-27
US5461860A (en) 1995-10-31

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