CN111119879B - Simulation test system for inversion of similar materials of stress change of surrounding rock and use method - Google Patents
Simulation test system for inversion of similar materials of stress change of surrounding rock and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111119879B CN111119879B CN202010068323.XA CN202010068323A CN111119879B CN 111119879 B CN111119879 B CN 111119879B CN 202010068323 A CN202010068323 A CN 202010068323A CN 111119879 B CN111119879 B CN 111119879B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/003—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by analysing drilling variables or conditions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation test system for inverting stress variation similar materials of surrounding rocks and a using method, wherein the system comprises the following components: the frame structure unit is used for laying similar materials in layers; the stress loading unit is used for applying stress to similar materials; the drilling system unit is used for drilling similar materials at different positions; the monitoring unit is used for monitoring the stress condition in the similar material and the control parameter of the drilling system unit and generating monitoring data; and the control unit is used for respectively controlling the stress loading unit and the drilling system unit, and is also used for collecting and analyzing monitoring data. The invention can theoretically master the relationship between the response characteristic of the drilling machine and the stress of the coal (rock) body, establish a relational expression under specific geological and lithologic conditions, and invert the stress characteristic of the on-site engineering coal (rock) body through the drilling parameter change in the on-site drilling process by the relational expression, thereby realizing the delineation of the high-stress dangerous area of the coal and rock body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a simulation test system for inverting similar materials of stress changes of surrounding rocks and a using method.
Background
In the process of mine development, coal mine dynamic disaster accidents such as rock burst and the like frequently occur, and the coal mine dynamic disaster accidents are increasingly developed along with the increase of the mining depth and the development strength, so that the coal mine dynamic disaster accidents become a great threat to the safe and efficient mining of deep mines. If the impact risk in the underground mining process can be accurately predicted, a reliable basis is provided for implementing pressure relief and danger elimination measures, and the method has great practical application value. At present, methods for predicting a rock burst dangerous area of a deep mine mainly comprise a microseismic method, an electromagnetic radiation method, a drilling cutting method and the like. The drilling cutting method is a method for identifying impact danger according to the discharged coal dust amount, the change rule of the discharged coal dust amount and related power effect, and is often used as an auxiliary means for impact danger monitoring, further confirmation and danger resolving effect inspection due to low investment and simple technology. However, the method mainly depends on the operation experience of workers, automatic and intelligent prediction is difficult to realize, strict theoretical support is lacked, if the relationship between the change rule of parameters such as the thrust and the torque of a drill rod and the stress change of surrounding rocks in the drilling process can be established, the impact risk can be predicted on the basis, and the prediction means of rock burst is greatly enriched. Meanwhile, the pressure relief of the drill hole is used as a main means for relieving the pressure relief of the rock burst, a plurality of drill holes are usually required to be drilled on site, real-time automatic and accurate early warning of impact danger can be realized according to the relation between drilling parameters and surrounding rock stress, and the method has important significance.
The existing research for inverting the coal rock body stress through the response characteristics of a drilling machine mostly focuses on field practice, lacks strict theoretical support, and does not relate to the quantitative conversion relation between drilling parameters and surrounding rock stress at present. In addition, in the field practice process, effective values of a plurality of parameters are difficult to obtain, and if the mining stress change is very difficult to accurately monitor in real time, the relationship between the drilling parameters and the surrounding rock stress cannot be obtained. The simulation of similar materials as an important test means in the research process of geotechnical engineering and mining engineering has become one of the indispensable methods for carrying out important rock mass engineering feasibility research at home and abroad in recent years. The similar material simulation test is a test which utilizes similar materials in a laboratory, makes a model similar to the site according to the site histogram and the physical and mechanical properties of the coal-rock mass and similar theories and similar criteria, and then carries out simulation, and can provide decision basis for the site. At present, various similar material test systems are researched and developed at home and abroad, such as:
the Chinese invention patent '201811386851.9' discloses a rotatable similar material simulation test device, which can realize similar material simulation of an inclined coal seam; the national invention patent '201711144603.9' discloses a dynamic and static combined load roadway support body mechanical simulation test bed, which can realize similar material simulation of roadway surrounding rock and support body stress, but mainly performs tests around simulation site surrounding rock stress and inclination angle, cannot perform drilling, and cannot research the relationship between drilling parameters and surrounding rock stress.
The Chinese invention patent '201410831360.6' discloses a three-way accurate positioning similar simulation roadway micro-drilling machine, which can perform simulated drilling in a similar material roadway, but can only perform drilling according to fixed drilling parameters, cannot perform real-time monitoring on parameters such as drilling machine power, thrust, drill rod torque and the like in the drilling process, and further cannot research the relation between the drilling parameters and surrounding rock stress.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems in the prior art, and provides an inversion surrounding rock stress change similar material simulation test system and a use method, wherein the inversion surrounding rock stress change similar material simulation test system can obtain the drilling parameter change rules under different stress states and lithological conditions and establish the quantitative relation between the stress state of a coal (rock) body and the drilling parameter.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an inversion surrounding rock stress change similar material simulation test system, which comprises:
a frame structure unit for laying similar materials in layers;
the stress loading unit is used for applying stress to the similar materials;
the drilling system unit is used for drilling the similar materials at different positions;
the monitoring unit is used for monitoring the stress condition in the similar material and the control parameter of the drilling system unit and generating monitoring data;
and the control unit is used for respectively controlling the stress loading unit and the drilling system unit, and is also used for collecting and analyzing the monitoring data.
Further, the frame structure unit includes by base, control counter-force wall, top beam, rear portion counter-force wall, control side position limiting plate and anterior counter-force baffle, the base, control counter-force wall, top beam, rear portion counter-force wall enclose synthetic front portion open-ended cavity, control side position limiting plate setting and be in the cavity, and be located the left and right sides of base, anterior counter-force baffle both ends respectively with control side position limiting plate fixed connection, the upper surface of base is equipped with the workstation, similar material lays in different layers on the workstation, and similar material is located control side position limiting plate, anterior counter-force baffle and rear portion counter-force wall enclose inside the synthetic recess.
Furthermore, a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the front reaction baffle, and bolts are plugged in the threaded holes.
Further, the stress loading unit comprises a left loading oil cylinder, a right loading oil cylinder, a top loading oil cylinder and a rear loading oil cylinder which are respectively arranged on the left counter-force wall, the right counter-force wall, the top cross beam and the rear counter-force wall, the left loading oil cylinder and the right loading oil cylinder respectively penetrate through the left side position limiting plate and the right side position limiting plate and then are connected with a left liquid-filled rubber plate and a right liquid-filled rubber plate, and the left liquid-filled rubber plate and the right liquid-filled rubber plate are in contact with the left side and the right side of the similar material; the top loading oil cylinder and the rear loading oil cylinder are respectively contacted with the top and the rear of the similar material through a top liquid-filled rubber plate and a rear liquid-filled rubber plate.
Further, the drilling system unit comprises:
the upper and lower position adjusting mechanism comprises an upper and lower displacement servo motor and an upper and lower displacement threaded rod, the upper and lower displacement threaded rod is symmetrically arranged at the left and right sides of the outer part of the front counter-force baffle, and the upper and lower displacement servo motor is connected to the upper and lower displacement threaded rod and can move up and down along the upper and lower displacement threaded rod;
the left and right position adjusting mechanism comprises a left and right displacement servo motor and a left and right displacement threaded rod, the left and right displacement threaded rod is horizontally connected to the upper and lower displacement servo motors, and the left and right displacement servo motor is connected to the left and right displacement threaded rod and can move left and right along the left and right displacement threaded rod;
the drilling mechanism comprises a drilling displacement servo motor, a drilling displacement threaded rod, a rotating speed servo motor, a drill rod clamping device, a drill rod and a drill bit, wherein the drilling displacement servo motor is connected with the drilling displacement threaded rod, the rotating speed servo motor is connected with the drill rod, and two ends of the drill rod are respectively connected with the drill rod clamping device and the drill bit.
Furthermore, both ends of each drill rod are respectively provided with a thread protrusion and a thread groove, and the thread protrusions and the thread grooves of two adjacent drill rods are matched.
Further, the monitoring unit comprises a stress monitoring film, a stress monitor, a displacement monitor, a rotating speed monitor, a signal repeater and a signal collector;
the stress monitoring film is arranged in a similar material;
the stress monitor is arranged at the connection part of the foremost drill rod and the drill bit;
the displacement monitors are respectively arranged in the upper and lower displacement servo motors, the left and right displacement servo motors and the drilling displacement servo motors;
the rotating speed monitor is arranged at the connecting part of the rotating speed servo motor and the drill rod clamping device;
the signal repeater receives a monitoring signal of the stress monitor through a wireless signal;
the signal collector is respectively connected with the stress monitoring film, the displacement monitor, the signal repeater, the rotating speed monitor and the control unit.
Further, the control unit comprises a computer and an electro-hydraulic servo control system.
The invention provides a using method of a simulation test system for inverting stress variation similar materials of surrounding rocks, which comprises the following steps:
s1, model design: selecting and determining a similarity ratio according to a similar theory, prototype conditions and simulation purposes, and calculating and determining the thickness and material ratio of each simulated rock stratum in similar materials so as to simulate the field geological condition;
s2, paving similar materials to simulate a rock stratum of a certain area on the site, and airing the rock stratum after the similar materials are laid;
s3, applying stress to the similar material, and monitoring the stress of the surrounding rock in the loading process in real time by a stress monitoring film;
s4, drilling parameters are set, and drilling is carried out according to the set parameters, wherein the specific drilling method comprises the following steps:
s41, controlling the vertical displacement of the drill bit through the vertical displacement threaded rod by the vertical displacement servo motor through the preset drilling position of the computer, controlling the left-right displacement of the drill bit through the left-right displacement threaded rod by the left-right displacement servo motor, and monitoring the movement of the drill bit to the specified drilling position through the displacement monitor;
s42, positioning of a drilling position is completed;
s43, opening a bolt on a threaded hole in the front reaction baffle plate, wherein the threaded hole is opposite to the drill bit;
s44, setting the target bit pressure of the drill bit or the axial advance speed of drilling and the rotating speed of the rotating speed servo motor, then controlling the axial advance speed of the drill bit by the drilling displacement servo motor through a drilling displacement threaded rod, controlling the rotating speed of the drill bit by connecting the rear part of the drill rod clamping device with the rotating speed servo motor, starting drilling according to the set axial advance speed and rotating speed, and monitoring the drilling speed through a displacement monitor.
S45, in the drilling process, the stress monitor monitors the bit pressure and the torque of the drill bit in real time and sends the bit pressure and the torque to the signal repeater through wireless signals, and the rotating speed monitor monitors the axial advancing speed and the rotating speed of the drilling of the drill bit in real time;
and S46, after the drilling is finished, stopping the rotation of the rotating speed servo motor, and retreating the rotating speed servo motor to the initial position.
S5, adjusting drilling parameters until drilling at different positions required by the same rock stratum is completed;
s6, analyzing surrounding rock stress monitoring data and drilling parameters (the drilling parameters comprise the drilling pressure and the torque of a drill bit and the axial advancing speed and the rotating speed of the drill bit) acquired by the monitoring unit to obtain the corresponding relation between the rock stratum drilling parameters and the surrounding rock stress;
s7, repeating the steps S1-S6 to obtain the corresponding relation between the drilling parameters of all rock layers on site and the surrounding rock stress, namely obtaining the drilling parameter change rules under different stress states and lithological conditions;
and S8, according to the drilling parameter change rules under different stress states and lithological conditions obtained by the test system, the drilling parameter change rules under different stress states and lithological conditions on site can be reversely deduced.
Further, the step S2 includes:
s21, additionally arranging a front reaction baffle according to the thickness of the coal seam to be simulated, and paving and tamping similar materials on a workbench;
s22, paving similar materials sequentially from bottom to top according to the field geological condition, paving a stress monitoring film at a position to be monitored, installing a front reaction baffle sequentially from bottom to top, and airing the similar materials after paving.
Further, the step S3 includes: the compensation pressure values in all directions are set through a computer of the control unit, an electro-hydraulic servo control system of the control unit controls the stress loading unit to load, and stress is applied to the similar materials in the front-back direction, the left-right direction and the up-down direction.
Further, the step S5 includes: setting other target bit pressure and axial drilling speed, or maintaining the original set parameters and adjusting the drill bit to other positions for drilling until the required drilling at different positions is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the drilling system unit is arranged and comprises an upper position adjusting mechanism, a lower position adjusting mechanism and a left position adjusting mechanism, so that the drill bit of the drilling machine can be accurately positioned at the drilling position of the similar material test body; the drilling mechanism respectively and independently controls the axial advancing speed and the rotating speed of the drill bit drilling through the drilling displacement servo motor and the rotating speed servo motor, so that the drill bit drilling is more accurate.
2. The end parts of the oil cylinders of the stress loading unit are respectively provided with the liquid-filled rubber plates, so that mutual interference in three loading directions is effectively avoided, the influence of a boundary effect is reduced, and three-dimensional active loading of similar materials can be realized.
3. The invention adopts a computer to control an electro-hydraulic servo control system, and can finish the precise regulation and recording of the drilling position and the drilling parameters; the computer processes and analyzes the monitoring signals transmitted back by the signal collector, and can adjust the power output of the electro-hydraulic servo control system in real time, so that the axial advancing speed of the displacement servo motor reaches a set drilling pressure value or a set displacement value, and two drilling modes of constant-force drilling and constant-speed drilling are completed; in addition, the electro-hydraulic servo control system controlled by the computer has the advantages of simple and convenient use, high measurement precision and the like.
4. The simulation model laid by similar materials is established, the response mechanism of the drilling machine in different stress states can be simulated in a laboratory, the relationship between the response characteristic of the drilling machine and the stress of the coal (rock) body can be theoretically mastered by analyzing the response characteristics of the rotating speed and the torque of a drill rod of the drilling machine and the bit pressure of a drill bit and the axial advance speed of drilling in different surrounding rock stress states, a relational expression under specific geological and lithological conditions is established, and the stress characteristic of the on-site engineering coal (rock) body can be inverted by the variation of drilling parameters in the on-site drilling process through the relational expression, so that the coal and rock high-stress dangerous area can be delineated, and the simulation model has better guiding significance on the site.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an inversion surrounding rock stress variation similar material simulation test system of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the inversion surrounding rock stress variation similar material simulation testing machine of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side sectional view of the inversion surrounding rock stress variation similar material simulation testing machine of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a drilling mechanism of the inversion surrounding rock stress variation similar material simulation test system of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a drill pipe half-section view of the inversion surrounding rock stress variation similar material simulation test system.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention will be more clearly and clearly defined.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the inversion surrounding rock stress variation similar material simulation test system of the invention comprises:
a frame structure unit 1 for laying similar materials 6 in layers;
a stress loading unit 2 for applying stress to the similar material 6;
a drilling system unit 3 for performing different position drilling on similar materials 6;
the monitoring unit 4 is used for monitoring the stress condition inside the similar material 6 and the control parameters of the drilling system unit 3 and generating monitoring data;
and the control unit 5 is used for respectively controlling the stress loading unit 2 and the drilling system unit 3, and the control unit 5 is also used for collecting and analyzing monitoring data.
In the invention, the frame structure unit 1 comprises a base 11, a left reaction wall 12, a right reaction wall 12, a top beam 13, a rear reaction wall 14, a left side position limiting plate 15, a right side position limiting plate 15 and a front reaction baffle plate 16, wherein the base 11, the left reaction wall 12, the right reaction wall 12, the top beam 13 and the rear reaction wall 14 enclose a cavity with an open front, the left side position limiting plate 15 and the right side position limiting plate 15 are arranged in the cavity and are positioned at the left side and the right side of the base 11, two ends of the front reaction baffle plate 16 are respectively and fixedly connected with the left side position limiting plate 15 and the right side position limiting plate 15, a workbench 17 is arranged on the upper surface of the base 11, similar materials 6 are paved on the workbench 17 in a layered mode, and the similar materials 6 are positioned in grooves enclosed by the left side position limiting plates 15, the front reaction baffle plate 16 and the rear reaction wall 14. Preferably, the front reaction bar 16 can be formed by a plurality of front reaction bar bodies arranged side by side, in order to facilitate laying of similar material 6 of different heights.
Preferably, in order to facilitate the drilling of the drill bit on the similar material 6, the front reaction baffle 16 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, the threaded holes are plugged with bolts 18, when the drill bit is used for drilling, only the bolts 18 at corresponding positions need to be opened, and the drilling process of the drill bit in a three-dimensional loading state is realized.
In the invention, the stress loading unit 2 comprises a left loading oil cylinder 21, a right loading oil cylinder 22 and a rear loading oil cylinder 23 which are respectively arranged on a left counter force wall 12, a right counter force wall 12, a top cross beam 13 and a rear counter force wall 14, wherein the left loading oil cylinder 21 and the right loading oil cylinder 21 are respectively connected with a left liquid-filled rubber plate 24 and a right liquid-filled rubber plate 24 after penetrating through a left side position limiting plate 15 and a right side position limiting plate 15, and the left liquid-filled rubber plate 24 and the right liquid-filled rubber plate 24 are contacted with the left side and the right side of a similar material 6; the top and rear loading cylinders 22 and 23 are in contact with the top and rear portions of the similar material 6 via top and rear liquid-filled rubber plates 25 and 26, respectively. In the invention, the left and right liquid-filled rubber plates 24, the top liquid-filled rubber plate 25 and the rear liquid-filled rubber plate 26 can be driven to extrude the left and right sides, the top and the rear of the similar material 6 by the action of the left and right loading cylinders 21, the top loading cylinder 22 and the rear loading cylinder 23, so that stress application in multiple directions is realized.
The drilling system unit 3 of the invention comprises:
the up-and-down position adjusting mechanism comprises an up-and-down displacement servo motor 31 and an up-and-down displacement threaded rod 32, the up-and-down displacement threaded rod 32 is symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the outer part of the front reaction baffle plate 16, and the up-and-down displacement servo motor 31 is connected to the up-and-down displacement threaded rod 32 and can move up and down along the up-and-down displacement threaded rod 32;
the left-right displacement adjusting mechanism comprises a left-right displacement servo motor 33 and a left-right displacement threaded rod 34, the left-right displacement threaded rod 34 is horizontally connected to the up-down position servo motor 31, and the left-right displacement servo motor 33 is connected to the left-right displacement threaded rod 34 and can move left and right along the left-right displacement threaded rod 34;
the drilling mechanism is arranged on the left-right displacement servo motor 33 and comprises a drilling displacement servo motor 35, a drilling displacement threaded rod 36, a rotating speed servo motor 37, a drill rod clamping device 38, a drill rod 39 and a drill bit 310, wherein the drilling displacement servo motor 35 is connected with the drilling displacement threaded rod 36, the rotating speed servo motor 37 is connected with the drill rod 39, and two ends of the drill rod 39 are respectively connected with the drill rod clamping device 38 and the drill bit 310.
In the present invention, the up-down displacement servo motor 31 controls the up-down displacement of the drill bit 310 through the up-down displacement threaded rod 32, the left-right displacement servo motor 33 controls the left-right displacement of the drill bit 310 through the left-right displacement threaded rod 34, the drilling displacement servo motor 35 controls the axial advancing speed of the drill bit 310 through the drilling displacement threaded rod 36, and the rear portion of the drill rod clamping device 38 is connected with the rotation speed servo motor 37 to control the rotation speed of the drill bit 310.
Preferably, the two ends of the drill rods 39 are respectively provided with a threaded protrusion 311 and a threaded groove 312, and the threaded protrusion 311 and the threaded groove 312 of two adjacent drill rods 39 are matched. The drill rod 39 can be connected in plurality by the cooperation of the screw boss 311 and the screw groove 312 to extend the drilling distance.
The monitoring unit 4 of the present invention includes a stress monitoring film 410, a stress monitor 411, a displacement monitor 412, a rotational speed monitor 413, a signal repeater 414, a signal collector 415;
the stress monitoring film 410 is disposed in a similar material 6;
the stress monitor 411 is arranged at the connection part of the foremost drill rod 39 and the drill bit 310;
the displacement monitor 412 is respectively arranged inside the upper and lower displacement servo motors 31, the left and right displacement servo motors 33 and the drilling displacement servo motor 35; the three-dimensional position positioning of the drill bit 310 is completed by monitoring the rotation of the up-down displacement servo motor 31, the left-right displacement servo motor 33 and the drilling displacement servo motor 35;
a rotation speed monitor 413 is arranged at the connection part of the rotation speed servo motor 37 and the drill rod clamping device 38 and used for monitoring the rotation speed of the drill bit 310;
the signal repeater 414 receives the monitoring signal of the stress monitor 411 through a wireless signal;
the signal collector 415 is connected to the stress monitoring film 410, the displacement monitor 412, the signal relay 414, the rotational speed monitor 413, and the control unit 5, respectively.
The control unit 5 of the present invention comprises a computer 51 and an electro-hydraulic servo control system 52. The computer 51 processes and analyzes the monitoring signals transmitted back by the signal collector 415 and controls the power output of the electro-hydraulic servo control system 52 according to the obtained data; the electro-hydraulic servo control system 52 completes hydraulic control of the stress loading unit 2 and voltage control of the servo motor according to the input signal of the computer 51.
The application method of the simulation test system for inverting the similar material of the stress variation of the surrounding rock comprises the following steps of:
s1, model design: according to a similar theory, prototype conditions and simulation purposes, selecting and determining a similarity ratio, and calculating and determining the thickness and material proportion of each simulated rock stratum in the similar material 6 so as to simulate the field geological condition;
s2, paving similar materials 6 to simulate a rock stratum of a certain area on the site, and airing the rock stratum after the completion; specifically, step S2 includes:
s21, additionally arranging a front reaction baffle 16 according to the thickness of the coal seam to be simulated, and paving and tamping similar materials 6 on a workbench 17;
s22, paving the similar materials 6 from bottom to top according to the field geological condition, paving the stress monitoring film 410 at the position to be monitored, installing the front reaction baffle body from bottom to top in sequence, and airing the similar materials 6 after paving.
S3, applying stress to the similar material 6, and monitoring the stress of the surrounding rock in the loading process in real time by the stress monitoring film 410; specifically, the computer 51 of the control unit 5 sets the compensation pressure values in all directions, and the electro-hydraulic servo control system 52 of the control unit 5 controls the stress applying unit 2 to apply stress to the similar material 6 in the front-back, left-right, and up-down directions.
S4, drilling parameters are set, and drilling is carried out according to the set parameters; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, controlling the vertical displacement of the drill bit 310 through the vertical displacement threaded rod 32 by the vertical displacement servo motor 31, controlling the left-right displacement of the drill bit 310 through the left-right displacement threaded rod 34 by the left-right displacement servo motor 33, and monitoring the movement of the drill bit 310 to a drilling designated position by the displacement monitor 412 through the preset drilling position of the computer;
s42, positioning of a drilling position is completed;
s43, opening the bolt 18 on the threaded hole on the front reaction force baffle 16 opposite to the position of the drill bit 310;
s44, setting the target bit pressure or the axial drilling speed of the drill bit 310 and the rotating speed of the rotating speed servo motor 37, controlling the axial drilling speed of the drill bit by the drilling displacement servo motor 37 through the drilling displacement threaded rod 36, controlling the rotating speed of the drill bit 310 by connecting the rear part of the drill rod clamping device with the rotating speed servo motor 37, starting drilling according to the set axial drilling speed and rotating speed, and monitoring the drilling speed through the displacement monitor 412.
S45, in the drilling process, the stress monitor 411 monitors the bit pressure and the torque of the drill bit 310 in real time and sends the bit pressure and the torque to the signal repeater 414 through wireless signals, and the rotating speed monitor 413 monitors the axial advancing speed and the rotating speed of the drilling of the drill bit 310 in real time;
and S46, after the drilling is finished, stopping the rotation of the rotating speed servo motor 37, and retreating the rotating speed servo motor 37 to the initial position.
S5, adjusting drilling parameters until drilling at different required positions is completed; specifically, other target weight-on-bit, axial rate of advance of drilling, or maintaining the original set parameters and adjusting the drill bit 310 to other positions for drilling are set until the desired drilling at different positions is completed.
S6, analyzing surrounding rock stress monitoring data and drilling parameters (the drilling parameters comprise the drilling pressure and the torque of a drill bit and the axial advance speed and the rotating speed of the drill bit) acquired by the monitoring unit 4 to obtain the corresponding relation between the rock stratum drilling parameters and the surrounding rock stress;
s7, repeating the steps S1-S6 to obtain the corresponding relation between the drilling parameters of all rock layers on site and the surrounding rock stress, namely obtaining the drilling parameter change rules under different stress states and lithological conditions;
and S8, according to the drilling parameter change rules under different stress states and lithological conditions obtained by the test system, the drilling parameter change rules under different stress states and lithological conditions on site can be reversely deduced.
In step S44 of the present invention, when a constant force drilling is selected, a bit pressure value is set by the computer 51, the electro-hydraulic servo control system 52 controls an electrical signal to be output to the drilling displacement servo motor 35, during drilling, the stress monitor 411 feeds back the bit pressure in real time, the computer 51 analyzes data fed back by the stress monitor 411, and the axial advance speed of the drilling displacement servo motor 35 is adjusted in real time to achieve the set bit pressure; when the constant-speed drilling is selected, the axial drilling speed is set by the computer 51, and the electro-hydraulic servo control system 52 controls an electric signal to be output to the drilling displacement servo motor 35.
In conclusion, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the simulation model laid by similar materials is established, the response mechanism of the drilling machine in different stress states can be simulated in a laboratory, the relationship between the response characteristic of the drilling machine and the stress of the coal (rock) body can be theoretically mastered by analyzing the response characteristics of the rotating speed and the torque of a drill rod of the drilling machine and the bit pressure of a drill bit and the axial advance speed of drilling in different surrounding rock stress states, a relational expression under specific geological and lithological conditions is established, and the stress characteristic of the on-site engineering coal (rock) body can be inverted by the variation of drilling parameters in the on-site drilling process through the relational expression, so that the coal and rock high-stress dangerous area can be delineated, and the simulation model has better guiding significance on the site.
2. The invention adopts a computer to control an electro-hydraulic servo control system, and can finish the precise regulation and recording of the drilling position and the drilling parameters; the computer processes and analyzes the monitoring signals transmitted back by the signal collector, and can adjust the power output of the electro-hydraulic servo control system in real time, so that the axial advancing speed of the displacement servo motor reaches a set drilling pressure value or a set displacement value, and two drilling modes of constant-force drilling and constant-speed drilling are completed; in addition, the electro-hydraulic servo control system controlled by the computer has the advantages of simple and convenient use, high measurement precision and the like.
3. The structural design of the stress loading unit effectively avoids mutual interference in three loading directions, reduces the influence of boundary effect, and can realize three-dimensional active loading of similar materials.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A use method of a simulation test system for inverting surrounding rock stress variation similar materials is characterized in that the simulation test system comprises:
a frame structure unit for laying similar materials in layers; the frame structure unit comprises a base, a left counter-force wall, a right counter-force wall, a top beam, a rear counter-force wall, a left side limiting plate, a right side limiting plate and a front counter-force baffle, wherein a cavity with an open front is enclosed by the base, the left counter-force wall, the right counter-force wall, the top beam and the rear counter-force wall, the left side limiting plate and the right side limiting plate are arranged in the cavity and are positioned on the left side and the right side of the base, the two ends of the front counter-force baffle are fixedly connected with the left side limiting plate and the right side limiting plate respectively, a workbench is arranged on the upper surface of the base, similar materials are laid on the workbench in a layered mode, and the similar materials are positioned in grooves enclosed by the left side limiting plate, the front counter-force baffle and the rear counter-force wall;
the stress loading unit is used for applying stress to the similar materials;
the drilling system unit is used for drilling the similar materials at different positions; the drilling system unit comprises: the upper and lower position adjusting mechanism comprises an upper and lower displacement servo motor and an upper and lower displacement threaded rod, the upper and lower displacement threaded rod is symmetrically arranged at the left and right sides of the outer part of the front counter-force baffle, and the upper and lower displacement servo motor is connected to the upper and lower displacement threaded rod and can move up and down along the upper and lower displacement threaded rod; the left and right position adjusting mechanism comprises a left and right displacement servo motor and a left and right displacement threaded rod, the left and right displacement threaded rod is horizontally connected to the upper and lower displacement servo motors, and the left and right displacement servo motors are connected to the left and right displacement threaded rod and can move left and right along the left and right displacement threaded rod; the drilling mechanism is arranged on the left and right displacement servo motors and comprises a drilling displacement servo motor, a drilling displacement threaded rod, a rotating speed servo motor, a drill rod clamping device, drill rods and a drill bit, the drilling displacement servo motor is connected with the drilling displacement threaded rod, the rotating speed servo motor is connected with the drill rods, two ends of each drill rod are respectively provided with a threaded bulge and a threaded groove, and the threaded bulges and the threaded grooves of two adjacent drill rods are matched;
the monitoring unit is used for monitoring the stress condition in the similar material and the control parameters of the drilling system unit and generating monitoring data;
the control unit is used for respectively controlling the stress loading unit and the drilling system unit, and is also used for collecting and analyzing the monitoring data;
the using method comprises the following steps:
s1, model design: selecting and determining a similarity ratio according to a similar theory, prototype conditions and simulation purposes, and calculating and determining the thickness and material ratio of each simulated rock stratum in similar materials so as to simulate the field geological condition;
s2, paving similar materials to simulate a rock stratum of a certain area on the site, and airing the rock stratum after the completion;
s3, applying stress to the similar material, and monitoring the stress of the surrounding rock in the loading process in real time by a stress monitoring film of a monitoring unit;
s4, drilling parameters are set, and drilling is carried out according to the set parameters, wherein the specific drilling method comprises the following steps:
s41, controlling the vertical displacement of the drill bit through a vertical displacement screw rod by a vertical displacement servo motor through a drilling position preset by a computer, controlling the left-right displacement of the drill bit through a left-right displacement screw rod by a left-right displacement servo motor, and monitoring the movement of the drill bit to a drilling designated position by a displacement monitor;
s42, positioning of a drilling position is completed;
s43, opening a bolt on a threaded hole in the front reaction baffle plate, wherein the threaded hole is opposite to the drill bit;
s44, setting the target bit pressure of the drill bit or the axial advance speed of drilling and the rotating speed of a rotating speed servo motor, then controlling the axial advance speed of the drill bit by the drilling displacement servo motor through a drilling displacement threaded rod, connecting the rear part of a drill rod clamping device with the rotating speed servo motor to control the rotating speed of the drill bit, starting drilling according to the set axial advance speed and rotating speed, and monitoring the drilling speed through a displacement monitor;
s45, in the drilling process, the stress monitor monitors the bit pressure and the torque of the drill bit in real time and sends the bit pressure and the torque to the signal repeater through wireless signals, and the rotating speed monitor monitors the axial advancing speed and the rotating speed of the drilling of the drill bit in real time;
s46, after drilling is finished, stopping rotation of the rotating speed servo motor, and retreating the rotating speed servo motor to an initial position;
s5, adjusting drilling parameters until drilling at different positions required by the same rock stratum is completed;
s6, analyzing surrounding rock stress monitoring data and drilling parameters collected by the monitoring unit to obtain the corresponding relation between the rock stratum drilling parameters and the surrounding rock stress;
s7, repeating the steps S1-S6 to obtain the corresponding relation between the drilling parameters of all rock layers on site and the surrounding rock stress, namely obtaining the drilling parameter change rules under different stress states and lithological conditions;
and S8, reversely deducing the drilling parameter change rule of the appearing field under different stress states and lithological conditions according to the drilling parameter change rule of the test system under different stress states and lithological conditions.
2. The use method of the inversion surrounding rock stress variation similar material simulation test system according to claim 1, wherein the stress loading unit comprises a left loading cylinder, a right loading cylinder, a top loading cylinder and a rear loading cylinder which are respectively arranged on the left reaction wall, the right reaction wall, the top beam and the rear reaction wall, the left loading cylinder and the right loading cylinder respectively penetrate through the left position limiting plate and the right position limiting plate and then are connected with a left liquid-filled rubber plate and a right liquid-filled rubber plate, and the left liquid-filled rubber plate and the right liquid-filled rubber plate are in contact with the left side and the right side of the similar material; the top loading oil cylinder and the rear loading oil cylinder are respectively contacted with the top and the rear of the similar material through a top liquid-filled rubber plate and a rear liquid-filled rubber plate.
3. The use method of the inversion surrounding rock stress variation similar material simulation test system according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring unit comprises a stress monitoring film, a stress monitor, a displacement monitor, a rotating speed monitor, a signal repeater and a signal collector; wherein:
the stress monitoring film is arranged in a similar material;
the stress monitor is arranged at the connection part of the foremost drill rod and the drill bit;
the displacement monitors are respectively arranged in the upper and lower displacement servo motors, the left and right displacement servo motors and the drilling displacement servo motor;
the rotating speed monitor is arranged at the connecting part of the rotating speed servo motor and the drill rod clamping device;
the signal repeater receives a monitoring signal of the stress monitor through a wireless signal;
the signal collector is respectively connected with the stress monitoring film, the displacement monitor, the signal repeater, the rotating speed monitor and the control unit.
4. The method for using the inversion surrounding rock stress variation similar material simulation test system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises a computer and an electro-hydraulic servo control system.
5. The method for using the inversion surrounding rock stress variation-similar material simulation test system according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises:
s21, additionally arranging a front reaction baffle according to the thickness of the coal seam to be simulated, and paving and tamping similar materials on a workbench;
s22, paving similar materials from bottom to top in sequence according to the field geological condition, paving a stress monitoring film at a position to be monitored, installing a front reaction baffle from bottom to top in sequence, and airing the similar materials after paving.
6. The method for using the inversion surrounding rock stress variation-similar material simulation test system according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 comprises: setting other target bit pressure and axial drilling speed, or maintaining the original set parameters and adjusting the drill bit to other positions for drilling until the required drilling at different positions is completed.
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| CN112748016A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-04 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Large three-dimensional detachable drilling chip analog simulation experiment device |
| CN113514361B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-08-26 | 中国矿业大学 | Micro-drill calibration system and method for testing mechanical properties while drilling |
| CN113803067B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2024-01-23 | 山东省煤田地质规划勘察研究院 | Colliery local rock burst prevention and cure device |
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