CN111117766A - Edible oil refining method and edible oil refining system - Google Patents
Edible oil refining method and edible oil refining system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111117766A CN111117766A CN201911265868.3A CN201911265868A CN111117766A CN 111117766 A CN111117766 A CN 111117766A CN 201911265868 A CN201911265868 A CN 201911265868A CN 111117766 A CN111117766 A CN 111117766A
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- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000009874 alkali refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 40
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
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- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
- A23D9/04—Working-up
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/04—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an edible oil refining method and an edible oil refining system. The edible oil refining method comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out degumming treatment, alkali refining treatment and decoloring treatment on the crude oil to obtain decolored edible oil; deodorizing the decolored edible oil to obtain deodorized edible oil; and adding the fatty acid collected by the fatty acid trapping system back to the deodorized edible oil. The edible oil refining method and the corresponding edible oil refining system can realize two different temperature treatments of stink substance removal and thermal decoloration, effectively reduce deodorization temperature, effectively reduce the content of trans-fatty acid in the refined oil, simultaneously improve the retention rate of nutrient components and reduce energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible oil treatment, and particularly relates to an edible oil refining method and an edible oil refining system.
Background
Oils and fats extracted from plant seeds are generally called crude oils, which contain some unwanted impurities including, but not limited to, Free Fatty acids (Free Fatty acids), phospholipids (lecithns), pigments (Color bodies), various metal ions (metallic ions), mucilages, plant fine tissue fragments, etc., in addition to triglycerides (neutral oils), diglycerides, which are mainly contained and of useful value. Therefore, in order to meet the production and living requirements, crude oil must be refined and purified, and the refined and purified oil is generally called refined grease or refined oil. The refined oil can be used for human consumption, absorbed by human body as self-metabolism, or used as raw material for industrial production.
In the prior art, the refining method of crude oil mainly comprises a chemical refining method and a physical refining method. The chemical refining process generally comprises a degumming process, an alkali refining process, a decoloring process and a deodorizing (acid) process, wherein the degumming process is usually the first process of crude oil refining and is mainly used for removing hydratable phospholipids and non-hydratable phospholipids contained in the crude oil; the alkali refining process is usually the second process of crude oil refining, and the main purpose of the alkali refining process is to remove redundant acid liquor and free fatty acid in the crude oil in the degumming process, the adopted method is usually to directly add alkali into the degummed oil, the added alkali can react with the free fatty acid and the fatty acid to form saponin, and the saponin is separated and removed before the next process; the decolorization step is usually a third step of crude oil refining, and is mainly intended to remove pigments in the crude oil and also to remove some impurity substances generated in the above steps, such as residual saponin which has not been separated in the neutralization step; the deodorization (acid) step is usually the fourth step of crude oil refining, and is mainly intended to separate free fatty acids and odor substances remaining in the decolorized fat from the fat, and the fat obtained after deodorization (acid) is usually the refined fat. The mode adopted in the deodorization (acid) procedure is mainly a high-temperature gas stripping method at present: heating the decolorized grease to the evaporation temperature of free fatty acid, distilling the free fatty acid and odor substances remained in the decolorized grease out of the grease under vacuum along with steam stripping, and respectively condensing distillate (steam, free fatty acid and a small amount of fatty acid) in a fractional condensation mode. Thus, the refining process, which is common at present, comprises the following steps:
①, carrying out heat exchange on the oil, heating the oil to 65-85 ℃, and adding food-grade phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 75-85% for reaction;
② adding liquid alkali to react, controlling the excess alkali more than 10-20%;
③ centrifuging to separate soapstock;
④ adding hot water, phosphoric acid or citric acid, and centrifuging to remove water;
⑤ vacuum drying;
⑥ adding activated clay under vacuum to adsorb pigment in oil and fat;
⑦ separating used white clay from oil by leaf filter;
⑧ heat exchange, heating to 245-.
As is clear from the above chemical refining method, in the alkali refining step, the alkali solution added can perform an acid-base neutralization reaction with the free fatty acids in the crude oil, but the crude oil is rich in neutral oil (triglyceride) at the same time, and both the neutral oil and the free fatty acids can react with the alkali in the acid-base neutralization reaction. Therefore, if the amount of base added is exactly equal to the amount of free fatty acid, the free fatty acid cannot be removed effectively; if the amount of base added is greater than the amount required for neutralization of the free fatty acids, in addition to reducing the free fatty acid content, this will also result in loss of neutral oil (triglycerides) and additional soapstock waste. However, in actual production, in order to ensure that relatively high quality refined oils and fats are obtained, chemical refining is often selected and in order to neutralize the free fatty acids in the crude oil relatively thoroughly, producers often choose to add alkali in an amount that is much greater than the theoretical amount of alkali addition (typically more than 25% excess), which, as previously mentioned, would result in severe loss of neutral oil and yield a large amount of soapstock residue, increasing solid waste emissions and corresponding disposal costs. Meanwhile, the consumption of acid and alkali is high, and meanwhile, natural vitamins, sterol and other nutrient substances in the oil are taken away in the reaction process.
In addition, current deodorization (acid) processes typically employ high temperatures, such as 245 ℃ and 255 ℃ as described above. The high temperature can also cause high trans-fatty acid of the finished oil, generate harmful substances such as trichloropropanol ester and the like, and reduce the content of nutrient components, thereby reducing the quality of the refined oil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides an edible oil refining method and a corresponding edible oil refining system, so as to solve the technical problems of high trans-fatty acid, large nutrient loss and the like caused by high-temperature deodorization in the conventional oil refining method.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect of the present invention, a method for refining edible oil is provided. The edible oil refining method comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out degumming treatment, alkali refining treatment and decoloring treatment on the crude oil to obtain decolored edible oil;
deodorizing the decolored edible oil to obtain deodorized edible oil;
adding the fatty acid collected by the fatty acid trapping system back to the deodorized edible oil;
wherein the deodorization treatment comprises the following steps:
and introducing the decolorized edible oil into a plate type deodorization tower for first deodorization treatment, heating to 220-.
On the other hand, the invention also provides an edible oil refining system. The edible oil refining system comprises a degumming treatment unit, an alkali refining treatment unit, a decoloring treatment unit, a deodorizing treatment unit and a fatty acid trapping system which are sequentially communicated; the degumming treatment unit, the alkali refining treatment unit, the decoloring treatment unit, the deodorizing treatment unit and the fatty acid trapping system are sequentially connected according to the treatment process sequence in the edible oil refining method; the deodorization treatment unit comprises a leading-in plate type deodorization tower, a high-temperature furnace and a packing deodorization tower which are sequentially communicated, and volatile matter outlets of the plate type deodorization tower and the packing deodorization tower are communicated with a gas inlet of the fatty acid trapping system.
Compared with the prior art, the edible oil refining method provided by the invention has the advantages that deodorization treatment is set into two stages, specifically comprises plate type deodorization tower deodorization treatment and filler deodorization tower deodorization treatment, so that two different temperature treatments of deodorization substance removal and thermal decoloration are realized, the deodorization temperature is effectively reduced, the content of trans-fatty acid in refined oil is effectively reduced, the retention rate of nutrient components is improved, and in addition, the energy consumption is also reduced.
Edible oil refining system can be through the board deodorization tower that deodorization processing unit contained and filler deodorization tower stink material desorption and thermal decoloration to realize the deodorization of two kinds of different temperatures and handled, effectively reduced the deodorization temperature, effectively reduced the content of trans fatty acid in the refined oil, combine simultaneously to add fatty acid entrapment system has further improved nutrient composition's retention rate, has also reduced the energy consumption in addition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for refining edible oil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an edible oil refining system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In one aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides an edible oil refining method. The process flow of the edible oil refining method is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
step S01: sequentially carrying out degumming treatment, alkali refining treatment and decoloring treatment on the crude oil to obtain decolored edible oil;
step S02: deodorizing the decolored edible oil to obtain deodorized edible oil;
step S03: and adding the fatty acid collected by the fatty acid trapping system back to the deodorized edible oil.
The definitions of the degumming treatment, the alkali refining treatment, the decoloring treatment, and the like in step S01 should be those conventionally used in oil and fat refining methods. Therefore, the degumming treatment means that the edible acid reacts with hydratable phospholipids and non-hydratable phospholipids contained in the crude oil to remove the hydratable phospholipids and the non-hydratable phospholipids.
The alkali refining treatment is to add alkali liquor into the degummed crude oil to effectively remove redundant acid in the degummed process, and simultaneously, to ensure that the alkali reacts with free fatty acid in the crude oil to generate saponin to be removed.
In one embodiment, the degumming treatment and the alkali refining treatment comprise the following steps:
step S011: heating the crude oil to 55-65 ℃, and then adding phosphoric acid to carry out degumming reaction to obtain degummed oil;
step S012: adding alkali liquor into the degummed oil to perform alkali refining reaction, and then performing separation treatment to obtain alkali refined oil;
step S013: adding hot water, phosphoric acid or citric acid into the alkali-refined oil, removing water phase, and drying oil phase.
The phosphoric acid in said step S011 should be understood as food grade, but of course may not be solely phosphoric acid. In one embodiment, the amount of the added phosphoric acid accounts for 0.01-0.04% of the mass of the crude oil, and in a specific embodiment, the mass concentration of the phosphoric acid is 40-60%. By controlling and optimizing the addition amount and concentration of the phosphoric acid, the reaction of the phosphoric acid and hydratable phospholipid and non-hydratable phospholipid in the crude oil is effectively improved, so that the hydratable phospholipid, the non-hydratable phospholipid and other components are removed.
In another embodiment, the amount of the alkali liquor added in the step S012 accounts for 1-5% of the mass of the degummed oil, and the preferable excess alkali is controlled at 0-8%, that is, the alkali content is controlled at 0-8% wt. Through the control and optimization of the addition amount and concentration of the alkali liquor, the alkali liquor is effectively improved to react with free fatty acid and fatty acid in the degummed oil to form saponin, so that the components such as the free fatty acid and the fatty acid in the degummed oil are removed, and the alkali refining treatment effect is improved. In addition, the alkali liquor can be alkali liquor commonly used in the oil refining method, such as sodium hydroxide solution and the like.
The step S013 is added with hot water, phosphoric acid or citric acid to the alkali refined grease to further remove excess lye and other impurities available for water. The drying treatment is preferably a vacuum drying treatment.
Therefore, in the step S01, by controlling the acid concentration and the addition amount in the degumming process and by controlling the ratio and optimization of the alkali liquor concentration and the addition amount in the alkali refining process, on one hand, the degumming process and the alkali refining process are effectively improved, and on the other hand, the preservation rate of the beneficial nutrient components such as vitamins, sterols and other nutrient substances contained in the crude oil in the degumming process and the alkali refining process is effectively improved.
In the step S01, the decoloring treatment is to be understood as a process step of removing impurities contained in fats and oils and residual saponin in the process of the fat and oil refining treatment. In one embodiment, the decoloring process includes the steps of:
and in a vacuum environment, adding activated clay into the crude oil after the degumming treatment and the alkali refining treatment to adsorb pigments in the edible oil, then carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment, and collecting the decolored edible oil. Wherein, the temperature of the crude oil after the degumming treatment and the alkali refining treatment in the decoloring treatment process can be controlled to be about 110 ℃, wherein the adsorption can be sufficient, such as 30 min. Naturally, the crude oil after the degumming treatment and the alkali refining treatment is firstly heated to about 110 ℃ by a heating device before being subjected to the decoloring treatment, and then is subjected to the decoloring treatment.
Therefore, the degumming treatment, the alkali refining treatment and the decoloring treatment are controlled in the step S01, so that the degumming treatment, the alkali refining treatment and the decoloring treatment are effectively improved, the preservation rate of beneficial nutritional ingredients of the decolored edible oil is effectively improved, the acid and alkali consumption is reduced, the production cost of refined oil is reduced, and the cost of a subsequent treatment process is reduced.
In the step S02, the deodorization process is performed to remove free fatty acids and odor substances remaining in the decolored edible oil obtained in the step S01. In an embodiment of the invention, the deodorization process comprises the steps of:
and introducing the decolorized edible oil into a plate-type deodorization tower for first deodorization treatment, heating to 220-.
In the embodiment of the invention, the deodorization treatment is set to be two stages, specifically comprising a first deodorization treatment carried out by a plate type deodorization tower and a second deodorization treatment carried out by a packing deodorization tower. In one embodiment, only heat exchange is performed in the first deodorization treatment, for example, the temperature is controlled to 190-. On one hand, the first deodorization treatment is to remove the trace substances such as aldehyde, ketone, free fatty acid and the like in the grease, and the substances influence the gas taste of the product on the other hand, and can also crack the pigment in the grease so as to ensure that the color of the oil product is pure. In another embodiment, only heat exchange is performed in the second deodorization process, for example, the temperature is controlled to 220-. In the second deodorization treatment, trace substances such as free fatty acid and the like in the oil product are further removed. Therefore, the deodorization treatment part contained in the edible oil refining method provided by the embodiment of the invention is carried out in two steps, so that the synergistic effect of the deodorization treatment part and the deodorization treatment part is realized, two different temperature treatments of deodorization substance removal and thermal decoloration are realized, the deodorization temperature is effectively reduced, the content of trans-fatty acid in the refined oil is effectively reduced, the retention rate of nutrient components is retained, and the energy consumption is also reduced.
In step S03, the method for collecting fatty acid by the fatty acid capture system includes the following steps:
and (3) the volatile matters subjected to the first deodorization treatment and the second deodorization treatment enter the fatty acid trapping system, are collected in a vacuum environment and are concentrated in nutrient substances collected at 190 ℃, and are added back to the deodorized edible oil.
Wherein the nutrient substances comprise nutrient substances such as vitamin E which are beneficial to human bodies, and the collected nutrient substances are added back to the deodorized edible oil so as to improve the nutrient value of the refined oil. In addition, when the fatty acid capture system is adjusted to a low temperature section of 45-70 ℃, the condensate collected in this section is treated as a by-product of the refined oil process.
Through the fatty acid adding step, nutrient components such as vitamins and sterols lost in the deodorization treatment in the S03 are collected by the fatty acid trapping system, so that the retention rate of nutrient substances in the refined oil obtained by the edible oil refining method in the embodiment of the invention is improved, and if the retention rate of nutrient substances such as vitamins and sterols is measured, the retention rate of nutrient substances reaches over 90%.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiments, after the step of adding the fatty acid collected by the fatty acid collection system back to the deodorized edible oil, that is, after the step S03, the following step S04 is further included:
and carrying out heat exchange and cooling treatment on the edible oil back added with the fatty acid, and then storing.
Therefore, the edible oil refining method can effectively reduce the deodorization temperature and effectively reduce the content of trans-fatty acid in the refined oil, and if the trans-fatty acid content in the refined oil is measured to be less than 0.3 percent, the refined oil reaches the national 'zero trans-fatty acid' declaration standard; furthermore, by adding the fatty acid back-adding process and matching with the two-stage deodorization process, the retention rate of nutrient components is effectively improved, and the retention rate of nutrient substances such as vitamins, sterols and the like in the refined oil is over 90 percent through measurement. In addition, the acid and alkali dosage is reduced, and the energy consumption is also reduced.
On the other hand, based on the edible oil refining method and combined with the edible oil refining method and process, the embodiment of the invention also provides an edible oil refining system for realizing the edible oil refining method. The fat nitrogen-filling fresh-keeping system is shown in fig. 2, and the edible oil refining system comprises a degumming treatment unit 10, an alkali refining treatment unit 20, a decoloring treatment unit 30, a deodorizing treatment unit 40 and a fatty acid trapping system 50. The degumming treatment unit 10, the alkali refining treatment unit 20, the decoloring treatment unit 30, the deodorizing treatment unit 40 and the fatty acid trapping system 50 are sequentially connected according to the treatment process sequence in the edible oil refining method, for example, are connected into a whole through oil pipes.
Wherein, the degumming treatment unit 10 realizes the degumming treatment process in the edible oil refining method. In one embodiment, the degumming treatment unit 10 comprises a degumming treatment device 11 and a food acid adding device 12 for adding food acid such as phosphoric acid into the degumming treatment device 11. The food acid adding device 12 should include a food acid storage tank and a switching valve, an acid liquid delivery pump, etc. (not shown) disposed on a connecting pipeline connecting the acid storage tank and the degumming device 11. An oil inlet of a specific degumming treatment device 11 of an oil inlet of the degumming treatment unit 10 is communicated with the crude oil storage tank 01. In order to realize smooth operation of the degumming treatment unit 10, a heat exchanger is naturally connected to the pipeline connecting the crude oil storage tank 01 and the degumming treatment device 11, so that the crude oil is heated to a desired temperature, such as 55-65 ℃.
The alkali refining processing unit 20 implements the alkali refining processing procedure in the edible oil refining method described above. In one embodiment, the alkali refining unit 20 comprises an alkali refining device 21 and an alkali liquor adding device 22 for adding food alkali liquor into the alkali refining device 21. The alkali refining device 22 should include an alkali refining storage tank and devices (not shown) such as a switch valve and an alkali liquor delivery pump, which are disposed on a connecting pipeline connecting the alkali refining storage tank and the alkali refining device 21.
The decoloring processing unit 30 implements the decoloring processing procedure in the edible oil refining method described above. In an embodiment, the grease inlet of the decoloring unit 30 is communicated with the grease outlet of the alkali refining unit 20, and the grease outlet of the decoloring unit 30 is communicated with the grease inlet of the deodorizing unit 40. In an exemplary embodiment, the decolorization treatment unit 30 can be a conventional decolorization device, such as one including activated clay components and leaf filters (shown in the drawings)
The deodorization processing unit 40 implements the deodorization processing procedure in the edible oil refining method described above. In an embodiment, the deodorization processing unit 40 includes a leading-in plate type deodorization tower 41, a high temperature furnace 42 and a packing deodorization tower 43, and the plate type deodorization tower 41, the high temperature furnace 42 are communicated with the packing deodorization tower 43 through oil pipes, wherein volatile matter outlets of the plate type deodorization tower 41 and the packing deodorization tower 43 are communicated with an air inlet of the fatty acid trapping system 50, oil outlets of the plate type deodorization tower 41 and the packing deodorization tower 43 are communicated with an oil inlet of the refined oil storage tank 60, and a condensed fatty acid outlet of the fatty acid trapping system 50 is communicated with an oil inlet of the decoloring processing unit 30. Wherein, the high temperature furnace 42 can heat the grease temperature deodorized by the plate-type deodorization tower 41 to 220-235 ℃.
In a further embodiment, heat exchange devices (not shown) are further connected to pipelines through which oil outlets of the plate deodorization tower 41 and the filler deodorization tower 43 are communicated with an oil inlet of the refined oil storage tank 60, so as to perform heat exchange and temperature reduction treatment on refined grease led out from the plate deodorization tower 41 and the filler deodorization tower 43.
In addition, it should be understood that in order to realize the control and the delivery of the grease in each unit, a grease delivery pump and a switch valve can be additionally arranged on the corresponding oil path according to requirements.
Therefore, the edible oil refining system sequentially and sequentially connects the degumming unit 10, the alkali refining unit 20, the decoloring unit 30, the deodorizing unit 40 and the fatty acid trapping system 50 into a whole according to the process steps of the edible oil refining method. Therefore, the deodorization treatment at two different temperatures can be realized by deodorizing substances and thermally decoloring through the plate-type deodorization tower 41 and the filler deodorization tower 43 contained in the deodorization treatment unit 40, so that the deodorization temperature is effectively reduced, the content of trans-fatty acids in refined oil is effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the retention rate of nutrient components is further improved by combining and additionally arranging the fatty acid trapping system 50, and the energy consumption is also reduced.
Several specific examples are now provided to further illustrate the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for refining edible oil. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the method is specifically as follows:
s11, degumming treatment:
raw oil (crude oil) enters a workshop, is subjected to heat exchange to 55-65 ℃, is added with phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 0.02% and the concentration of 45%, and reacts for 2 hours;
s12, alkali refining treatment:
adding 5% concentration liquid alkali, and reacting for 6 minutes;
heating to 85 deg.C, separating in separator to separate soapstock;
adding 3% hot water, separating oil and water by a separator;
drying in a vacuum system to remove residual moisture;
after the treatment of the working section, the retention ratio of substances such as vitamin E, sterol and the like in the oil product is about 95-97% of that in the raw oil;
s13, decoloring treatment:
exchanging heat of the oil product obtained in the step S12 to 110 ℃, adding argil in a vacuum state, reacting for 30Min, filtering by using a filter, and separating the argil from the oil;
s14, deodorization treatment:
the oil product S13 is subjected to heat exchange to 200 ℃ and then stays in a plate type deodorization tower for 90 minutes, and then is heated to 225 ℃ by high-pressure steam and stays in a filler deodorization tower for 5 minutes;
s15, fatty acid collection and back-addition treatment:
circulating the deodorized volatile in S14 through a fatty acid system at 180 deg.C to obtain concentrate of nutrients such as vitamin E, and adding the concentrate back into the oil treated with S13;
and S16, cooling/filling nitrogen into the deodorized oil product in the S14, and storing the oil product in a storage tank.
Through measurement, the content of trans-fatty acid in the refined edible oil obtained by refining treatment by the edible oil refining method is lower than 0.3 percent and reaches the national 'zero trans-fatty acid' declaration standard; meanwhile, the retention rate of nutrient substances such as vitamins, sterols and the like reaches more than 90 percent.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for refining edible oil. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the method is specifically as follows:
s11, degumming treatment:
raw oil (crude oil) enters a workshop, heat exchange is carried out until the temperature reaches 55-65 ℃, phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 0.01 percent of the crude oil is added, the concentration is 40 percent, and the reaction is carried out for 2 hours;
s12, alkali refining treatment:
adding liquid alkali with the concentration of 1 percent of degummed oil (the mass concentration of alkali liquor is 4 percent), and reacting for 6 minutes;
heating to 85 deg.C, separating in separator to separate soapstock;
adding 3% hot water, separating oil and water by a separator;
drying in a vacuum system to remove residual moisture;
after the treatment of the working section, the retention ratio of substances such as vitamin E, sterol and the like in the oil product is about 95-97% of that in the raw oil;
s13, decoloring treatment:
exchanging heat of the oil product obtained in the step S12 to 100 ℃, adding argil in a vacuum state, reacting for 50min, filtering by using a filter, and separating the argil from the oil;
s14, deodorization treatment:
the oil product S13 is subjected to heat exchange to 190 ℃ and then stays in a plate type deodorization tower for 120 minutes, and then is heated to 220 ℃ by high-pressure steam and stays in a filler deodorization tower for 8 minutes;
s15, fatty acid collection and back-addition treatment:
circulating the deodorized volatile in S14 through a fatty acid system at 160 deg.C to obtain concentrate of nutrients such as vitamin E, and adding the concentrate back into the oil treated with S13;
and S16, cooling/filling nitrogen into the deodorized oil product in the S14, and storing the oil product in a storage tank.
Through measurement, the content of trans-fatty acid in the refined edible oil obtained by refining treatment by the edible oil refining method is lower than 0.3 percent and reaches the national 'zero trans-fatty acid' declaration standard; meanwhile, the retention rate of total nutrient substances such as vitamins, sterols and the like reaches more than 90 percent.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for refining edible oil. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the method is specifically as follows:
s11, degumming treatment:
raw oil (crude oil) enters a workshop, heat exchange is carried out until the temperature reaches 55-65 ℃, phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 0.04% of the crude oil and the concentration of 60% are added, and the reaction is carried out for 2 hours;
s12, alkali refining treatment:
adding liquid alkali with the concentration of 3 percent of degummed oil (the mass concentration of alkali liquor is 7 percent), and reacting for 6 minutes;
heating to 85 deg.C, separating in separator to separate soapstock;
adding 3% hot water, separating oil and water by a separator;
drying in a vacuum system to remove residual moisture;
after the treatment of the working section, the retention ratio of substances such as vitamin E, sterol and the like in the oil product is about 95-97% of that in the raw oil;
s13, decoloring treatment:
exchanging heat of the oil product obtained in the step S12 to 100 ℃, adding argil in a vacuum state, reacting for 50min, filtering by using a filter, and separating the argil from the oil;
s14, deodorization treatment:
the oil product S13 is subjected to heat exchange to 225 ℃, stays in a plate type deodorization tower for 60 minutes, is heated to 235 ℃ by high-pressure steam, and stays in a filler deodorization tower for 4 minutes;
s15, fatty acid collection and back-addition treatment:
circulating the deodorized volatile in S14 through a fatty acid system at 190 deg.C to obtain concentrate of nutrients such as vitamin E, and adding the concentrate back into the oil treated with S13;
and S16, cooling/filling nitrogen into the deodorized oil product in the S14, and storing the oil product in a storage tank.
Through measurement, the content of trans-fatty acid in the refined edible oil obtained by refining treatment by the edible oil refining method is lower than 0.3 percent and reaches the national 'zero trans-fatty acid' declaration standard; meanwhile, the retention rate of total nutrient substances such as vitamins, sterols and the like reaches more than 90 percent.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for refining edible oil comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out degumming treatment, alkali refining treatment and decoloring treatment on the crude oil to obtain decolored edible oil;
deodorizing the decolored edible oil to obtain deodorized edible oil;
adding the fatty acid collected by the fatty acid trapping system back to the deodorized edible oil;
wherein the deodorization treatment comprises the following steps:
and (3) leading the decolorized edible oil into a plate-type deodorization tower for first deodorization treatment, then heating to 220-.
2. The edible oil refining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature of the first deodorization treatment is 190-; and/or
The time of the second deodorization treatment is 3-10 minutes.
3. The edible oil refining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for collecting fatty acid by the fatty acid trapping system comprises the following steps:
and (3) the volatile matters subjected to the first deodorization treatment and the second deodorization treatment enter the fatty acid trapping system, are collected in a vacuum environment and are subjected to concentration of collected nutrient substances at the temperature of 160-.
4. A process for refining edible oil according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the degumming treatment and the alkali refining treatment comprise the following steps:
heating the crude oil to 55-65 ℃, and then adding phosphoric acid to carry out degumming reaction to obtain degummed oil;
adding alkali liquor into the degummed oil to perform alkali refining reaction, and then performing separation treatment to obtain alkali refined oil;
adding hot water, phosphoric acid or citric acid into the alkali-refined oil, removing water phase, and drying oil phase.
5. The edible oil refining method according to claim 4, wherein: the adding amount of the phosphoric acid accounts for 0.01-0.04% of the mass of the crude oil, and the adding amount of the alkali liquor accounts for 1-5% of the mass of the degummed oil; and/or
The mass concentration of the phosphoric acid is 40-60%, and the mass concentration of the alkali liquor is 4-7.5%.
6. A process for refining edible oil according to any of claims 1 to 3 and 5, wherein: the decoloring treatment comprises the following steps:
and in a vacuum environment, adding activated clay into the crude oil after the degumming treatment and the alkali refining treatment to adsorb pigments in the edible oil, then carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment, and collecting the decolored edible oil.
7. A process for refining edible oil according to any of claims 1 to 3 and 5, wherein: after the step of adding the fatty acid collected by the fatty acid trapping system back to the deodorized edible oil, the method further comprises the following steps:
and carrying out heat exchange and cooling treatment on the edible oil back added with the fatty acid, and then storing.
8. The utility model provides an edible oil refining system which characterized in that: comprises a degumming treatment unit, an alkali refining treatment unit, a decoloring treatment unit, a deodorizing treatment unit and a fatty acid trapping system which are sequentially communicated; the degumming treatment unit, the alkali refining treatment unit, the decoloring treatment unit, the deodorizing treatment unit and the fatty acid trapping system are sequentially connected according to the treatment process sequence in the edible oil refining method of claim 1;
the deodorization treatment unit comprises a leading-in plate type deodorization tower, a high-temperature furnace and a packing deodorization tower which are sequentially communicated, and volatile matter outlets of the plate type deodorization tower and the packing deodorization tower are communicated with a gas inlet of the fatty acid trapping system.
9. A refining system for edible oil according to claim 8, wherein: still include heat transfer device, heat transfer device oil inlet with the oil-out intercommunication of plate deodorization tower and filler deodorization tower.
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