CN111109192B - Large-scale feeding method for long-day-old Muscovy ducks - Google Patents
Large-scale feeding method for long-day-old Muscovy ducks Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for raising long-day-old muscovy ducks on a large scale, which comprises four stages of raising processes, namely a duckling stage, a medium duck stage, a big duck stage and a pre-marketing stage, wherein different feed formulas are developed according to the growth characteristics of the long-day-old muscovy ducks in each stage, and a reasonable feeding process is combined to develop a method for effectively raising the long-day-old muscovy ducks, which improves the quality and control cost, and fills the blank of the commercial scale breeding of the Daghuai technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Muscovy duck breeding, in particular to a large-scale feeding method for long-day-old Muscovy ducks.
Background
The Muscovy ducks of long-age are the substitute term of high-grade meat ducks, and the Muscovy ducks are bred to be long-age, have red facial sarcoma and are commonly called as Damian ducks. China has rich Muscovy duck variety resources. The Muscovy ducks for cultivation are generally sold on the market in 70-80 days, and the weight of the Muscovy ducks is about 7.2-8 jin, but the Muscovy ducks for cultivation are short in age, general in quality and low in selling price. Along with the improvement of living standard, the requirements of people on the quality of poultry meat are higher and higher, the consumption demand of high-grade old muscovy ducks is larger and larger, and the market prospect is very wide. The Damian has the characteristics of long feeding age (about 150 days) and good hair water. However, the feed is long in the day of feeding, so that the feed ratio is high, the feeding cost is high, and the profit is low or the cost is low. The feed cost is reduced as much as possible in the feeding process, the quality is improved, and the selling price is further improved, so that the method becomes the primary consideration of large-scale cultivation. The traditional method is as follows: feeding complete formula feed in the whole process, feeding high-quality formula feed before 20 days of age, ensuring high survival rate in brooding period and keeping the duck group healthy; the feed with low protein level and low metabolic energy is fed at 21-60 days old, so that the feed price is reduced; fattening is carried out after 61 days of age by using low-protein and high-metabolizable energy feed. However, if the low-protein daily ration is fed for a long time, the quality of meat ducks on the market is also affected, such as picking the back and picking the feather and the anus. And the later use of the low-protein and high-metabolic-energy feed is beneficial to weight gain, but can also cause excessive abdominal fat deposition, thereby causing adverse effects on the quality of the muscovy ducks on the market and influencing the selling price. Therefore, there is a need to develop a technology for breeding Muscovy ducks with high quality, low cost and long-day-old in a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a method for feeding mosses of long-age day on a large scale in view of the problems in the prior art. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for feeding Muscovy ducks in a large scale for a long day comprises the following steps:
step 1, a duckling stage: on the 1 st to 10 th days, the feed is fed by 18 to 20 grams per day on average; on 11 th to 20 th days, feeding 51 g to 53 g of feed per day on average; on 21-30 days, feeding 83-85 g/pig feed on average daily; the duckling stage feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 41-50 parts of rice, 5-7 parts of pea, 13-21 parts of bean pulp, 5-8 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-2 parts of sunflower meal, 1-2 parts of white spirit lees, 1-2 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 1-4 parts of corn protein powder, 1-3 parts of puffed soybean, 5-7 parts of chicken oil, 1-2 parts of stone powder, 0.5-0.7 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.3 part of gypsum, 0.1-0.2 part of lysine, 0.1-0.3 part of methionine, 0.25-0.35 part of sodium chloride, premix compound0.4 part; the specific culture conditions are as follows: the ducklings are bred on the net, the ducklings live on the net surface, and the excrement falls onto the ground through the meshes, so that the environmental sanitation is better, the direct contact between the ducklings and the excrement is reduced, and the disease occurrence probability is reduced; temperature: the 1-day-old is 35 ℃, the 2-16-day-old is 35-27 ℃, and the 17-20-day-old is 26-23 ℃; the relative humidity is controlled to be 55-65%; cutting beak at 12-19 days old to prevent pecking hair; culturing density: 35-60 pieces/m in 1-7 days225-35 pieces/m in 8-14 days215-25 pieces/m in 15-20 days2。
Step 2, in the medium duck stage: on 21-30 days, feeding 83-85 g/pig feed on average daily; on 31-40 days, feeding 115-117 g/l of feed on average daily; on days 41-50, the average daily feed is 147-; on the 51 st to 60 th days, 173-; the feed for medium duck stage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-68 parts of rice, 6-8 parts of peas, 7-9 parts of rapeseed meal, 2-4 parts of sunflower meal, 2-3 parts of white spirit vinasse, 2-3 parts of hydrolyzed feather powder, 2-5 parts of corn protein powder, 2-4 parts of chicken oil, 1-2 parts of stone powder, 0.2-0.35 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.3 part of gypsum, 0.3-0.5 part of lysine, 0.08-0.15 part of methionine, 0.01-0.03 part of threonine, 0.2-0.35 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix; the specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the temperature of 21-25 days old is 22-20 ℃, and the temperature of 26-60 days old is 20-18 ℃; cutting fingers at the age of 35-40 days to prevent the defective ducks from being caused by back climbing; in the stage, heat preservation and ventilation are combined, so that the uniformity is improved, and the defective rate is reduced; culturing density: 5-8 pieces/m in 21-28 days229-60 days, 5 pieces/m2。
Step 3, a big duck stage: the whole corn and the feed for the big ducks are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1 for feeding, and the mixed feed is 179-181 g/duck every day on the average day in 61-130 days; the feed for the big duck stage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 61-67 parts of rice, 6-9 parts of peas, 6-9 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-5 parts of sunflower meal, 2-3 parts of white spirit vinasse, 2-3 parts of hydrolyzed feather powder, 1-2 parts of corn protein powder, 3-5 parts of chicken oil, 1-2 parts of stone powder, 0-0.03 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.3 part of gypsum, 0.2-0.3 part of lysine, 0.1-0.15 part of methionine, 0.01-0.02 part of threonine, 0.2-0.35 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix; the specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the age of 61-130 days is 20-18 ℃; culturing density: 5 in 61-130 days/m2。
Step 4, pre-marketing stage: day 131-. The feed used in the pre-marketing stage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 63-71 parts of rice, 9-11 parts of pea, 4-6 parts of sunflower meal, 3-4 parts of white spirit vinasse, 3-4 parts of hydrolyzed feather powder, 2-4 parts of bran, 2-4 parts of chicken oil, 0.1-1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.6-0.7 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.3 part of gypsum, 0.3-0.4 part of lysine, 0.1-0.15 part of methionine, 0.02-0.03 part of threonine, 0.2-0.35 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix; the specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the temperature of the 131-plus 150 days old is 20-18 ℃; culturing density: 131-2。
Further, the feeding mode of the duckling stage is as follows: the feeding of the newborn ducklings needs a small amount of multiple meals, gradually transits to the regular meal as the age of the day increases, and specifically comprises the following steps: feeding every 2-3 hours in the daytime for 1-3 days old and feeding for 3 times at night; feeding for 4 times in the day and 2 times at night at the age of 4-10 days; feeding for 4-5 times every day at the age of 10-20 days, keeping the feed all the time in the brooding period, and strictly prohibiting the feed control.
Further, the feeding mode of the medium duck stage is as follows: feeding for 2-3 times every day, the duck has the habit of drinking water and washing the mouth while eating, the distance between a water fountain and a trough needs to be increased, and the feed waste is reduced; the drinker needs to be clean and sanitary and is cleaned every day.
Further, the feeding mode of the big duck stage is as follows: feeding for 2-3 times every day, wherein the time of empty groove is 1-2 hours between each feeding, and drinking water freely.
Further, the feeding mode of the pre-market stage is as follows: feeding for 2-3 times every day, wherein the time of empty groove is 1-2 hours between each feeding, and drinking water freely.
Further, the premix comprises the following components: vitamin A: 675-5000 KIU; vitamin D3: 125-1250 KIU; vitamin E is more than or equal to 5000 mg; vitamin K3 is more than or equal to 125 mg; vitamin B1 is more than or equal to 250 mg; vitamin B2 is more than or equal to 500 mg; vitamin B6 is more than or equal to 750 mg; vitamin B12 is more than or equal to 750 ug; the content of D-calcium pantothenate is more than or equal to 5000 mg; more than or equal to 7500mg of nicotinic acid; folic acid is not less than 150 mg; d-biotin is more than or equal to 50 mg; 100 mg of copper and 8750 mg; iron is less than or equal to 18750 mg; manganese is more than or equal to 10000 mg; the zinc content is more than or equal to 5000 mg; 25-125mg of selenium; iodine is less than or equal to 2500 mg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
firstly, feeding is carried out in four stages innovatively, and the traditional method only has three stages; different formulas are developed aiming at the long-day moschats in different stages of the reproductive age, and the moschats are fed by adopting different feed quantity standards every 10 days.
Secondly, the raw corn and the special complete feed for the long-age Muscovy ducks are fed in half and half in 61-130 days, so that the feed cost of the long-age Muscovy ducks is remarkably reduced, and the meat quality and flavor of the Muscovy ducks are improved.
Thirdly, reasonably raising density of 4-5 per square meter is found out. In a word, the invention provides a method for effectively feeding the Muscovy ducks for a long day with improved quality and cost control, and fills the blank of the large-scale breeding technique on the market.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that those whose specific conditions are not specified in the examples are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturers. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
Example 1
To verify the feasibility of the method, taking white feather Muscovy duck as an example, 4500 healthy 1-day-old medium-speed Muscovy ducks are selected and fed in a ground fermentation bed mode and are randomly divided into 3 groups, namely a test group, a control group 1 group and a control group 2 group, wherein: test group 1500, divided into 6 replicates, 250 replicates each; control group 1, 1500, divided into 6 replicates of 250 replicates each; control group 2, 1500, was divided into 6 replicates of 250 each. The experimental group and the control 1 and 2 groups are compared with each other in terms of different feeding schemes as follows:
1. test group feeding scheme for 150 days to market
The duckling stage (1-20 days old): the feeding of the newborn ducklings needs a small amount of multiple meals, gradually transits to the regular meal as the age of the day increases, and specifically comprises the following steps: 1-3 days oldFeeding every 2-3 hours in the daytime and feeding 3 times at night; feeding for 4 times in the day and 2 times at night at the age of 4-10 days; feeding for 4 times every day at the age of 10-20 days, keeping the feed all the time in the brooding period, and strictly prohibiting the feed control. The feed fed in the duckling stage consists of the following components in parts by weight: 48 parts of rice, 5 parts of pea, 17 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of rapeseed meal, 2 parts of sunflower meal, 1 part of white spirit vinasse, 2 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 2 parts of corn protein powder, 3 parts of puffed soybean, 7 parts of chicken oil, 1.4 parts of stone powder, 0.67 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of gypsum, 0.2 part of lysine, 0.3 part of methionine, 0.3 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix. Reference standard material amount: on days 1-10, the average daily dose is 19 g/dose; on days 11-20, the average daily dose is 52 g/dose; on days 21-30, the average daily dose is 84 g/mouse; the specific culture conditions are as follows: the ducklings are bred on the net, the ducklings live on the net surface, and the excrement falls onto the ground through the meshes, so that the environmental sanitation is better, the direct contact between the ducklings and the excrement is reduced, and the disease occurrence probability is reduced; temperature: the 1-day-old is 35 ℃, the 2-16-day-old is 35-27 ℃ (the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ in the interval, and the temperature is reduced by 2 days), and the 17-20-day-old is 26-23 ℃ (the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ in the interval, and the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ in 1 day); the relative humidity is controlled to be 55-65%; cutting beak at 12-19 days old to prevent pecking hair; culturing density: 60/m in 1-7 days235/m in 8-14 days225/m in 15-20 days2。
Second, middle duck stage (21-60 days old): the feed fed in the medium duck stage consists of the following components in parts by weight: 63 parts of rice, 8 parts of pea, 9 parts of rapeseed meal, 4 parts of sunflower meal, 3 parts of white spirit vinasse, 3 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 3 parts of corn protein powder, 4 parts of chicken oil, 1.3 parts of stone powder, 0.28 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of gypsum, 0.3 part of lysine, 0.08 part of methionine, 0.02 part of threonine, 0.33 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix. Feeding for 3 times every day, wherein the empty time of each feeding interval is 1 hour, and the feed is prepared according to the following standard feed amount: on days 21-30, the average daily dose is 84 g/mouse; day 31-40, average 116 g/day; on days 41-50, the average daily dosage is 148 g/mouse; on days 51-60, the daily average is 174 g/mouse; the specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the temperature of 21-25 days old is 22-20 ℃, and the temperature of 26-60 days old is 20-18 ℃; cutting fingers at the age of 35-40 days to prevent the defective ducks from being caused by back climbing; the heat preservation and the ventilation are combined at the stage, so that the uniformity is improvedAnd the defective rate is reduced; culturing density: 21-28 days, 6 pieces/m229-60 days, 5 pieces/m2。
③ Duck stage (61-130 days old): the whole corn and the feed for the big duck stage are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1 for feeding. The feed for the big duck stage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 64 parts of rice, 9 parts of pea, 9 parts of rapeseed meal, 5 parts of sunflower meal, 3 parts of white spirit vinasse, 2 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 1 part of corn protein powder, 4.6 parts of chicken oil, 1.3 parts of stone powder, 0.01 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of gypsum, 0.2 part of lysine, 0.13 part of methionine, 0.02 part of threonine, 0.33 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix. Feeding the mixed feed 3 times every day, wherein the empty time of each feeding interval period is 1 hour, and the total feed amount of the corn and the complete feed is properly limited according to the standard feed amount: on days 61-130, average 180 g/day; the specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the age of 61-130 days is 20-18 ℃; the humidity has little influence on the big ducks under the condition of proper temperature, the ventilation is enhanced, and the disease resistance of the meat ducks is improved. Culturing density: 5 pieces/m in 61-130 days2。
(131) pre-marketing stage (150 days old): the feed used in the pre-marketing stage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 69 parts of paddy, 10 parts of pea, 6 parts of sunflower meal, 3 parts of white spirit vinasse, 3 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 2 parts of bran, 3 parts of chicken oil, 1.1 parts of stone powder, 0.65 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of gypsum, 0.34 part of lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.03 part of threonine, 0.3 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix. Feeding for 3 times every day, wherein the empty time of each feeding interval is 1 hour, and the feed is prepared according to the following standard feed amount: day 131-150 days, average 260 g/day. The specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the temperature of the 131-plus 150 days old is 20-18 ℃; the ventilation is enhanced, and the quality of the meat duck is improved. Culturing density: 131-2。
2. Control 1 group feeding program to be marketed in 150 days
The duckling stage (1-20 days old): the differences from the test groups are: feeding for 4 times every day; the control group had free intake without restriction of the amount of feed.
Second, middle duck stage (21-60 days old): the special medium duck feed for feeding Muscovy ducks. Feed 3 times per day. The differences from the test groups are: the control group had free intake without restriction of the amount of feed.
③ big duck stage (61-150 days old): the feed is only used for feeding muscovy ducks and is not mixed with corn in a ratio of 1: 1. Feed 3 times per day. The differences from the test groups are: the control group had free intake without restriction of the amount of feed.
3. Control 2 group feeding scheme for 70 days marketing
The duckling stage (1-20 days old): the differences from the test groups are: feeding Muscovy duck duckling feed produced in local commercial feed factories; feeding for 4 times every day; the control group had free intake without restriction of the amount of feed.
Second, middle duck stage (21-50 days old): the differences from the test groups are: feeding Muscovy ducks fed by local commercial feed factories; feeding for 3 times every day; the control group had free intake without restriction of the amount of feed.
③ Duck stage (51-70 days old): the differences from the test groups are: feeding Muscovy duck feed produced in local commercial feed factories; the control group had free intake without restriction of the amount of feed.
4. Test results
The test group and the control group 1 are listed at the same time when being aged for 150 days, and the specific data are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of Muscovy Duck production performance data of test group and control group 1
| Group of | Market rate% | Material ratio | Even weight (jin/a) | Feed cost of duck catties (Yuan/jin) | Age in the market |
| Test group | 97.26％ | 4.69 | 9.95 jin | 5.29 Yuan | 150 days |
| Control 1 group | 96.9％ | 4.76 | 9.62 jin | 5.72 Yuan | 150 days |
| Comparison of | +0.36％ | -0.07 | +0.33 jin | -0.43 membered | Day 0 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the market rate of the test group is 0.36% higher than that of the control group, the feed ratio is 0.07% lower than that of the control group, the average weight is 0.33 jin higher than that of the control group, and the cost of the feed for jin ducks is 0.43 yuan/jin lower than that of the control group. Therefore, the feeding mode of the invention can obviously reduce the feed cost of the Muscovy ducks of long-age and increase the benefit.
TABLE 2 comparison of Muscovy Duck production performance data between test group and control group 2
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the market rate of the test group is 2.19% higher than that of the control group 2, the age of the test group is 80 days longer than that of the control group 2, the average weight of the test group is 2.69 jin higher than that of the control group 2, the feed cost of jin ducks is only 2.29 yuan/jin higher than that of the control group 2, but the profit is 43.21 yuan higher than that of the control group 2. Therefore, the feeding mode of the invention can reduce the feed cost of the Muscovy ducks of long-age and greatly increase the benefit.
Example 2
To verify the feasibility of the method, 1200 healthy 1-day-old medium-speed muscovy ducks are selected and fed in a ground fermentation bed mode, and are randomly divided into 2 groups, a test group and a control group, wherein the method comprises the following steps: test group 600, divided into 4 replicates of 150 replicates each; control group 600, divided into 4 replicates of 150 replicates each; the breeding schemes of the test group and the control group are compared at different points as follows:
1. test group feeding scheme: come into the market in 150 days
The duckling stage (1-20 days old): the feeding of the newborn ducklings needs a small amount of multiple meals, gradually transits to the regular meal as the age of the day increases, and specifically comprises the following steps: feeding every 2-3 hours in the daytime for 1-3 days old and feeding for 3 times at night; feeding for 4 times in the day and 2 times at night at the age of 4-10 days; feeding for 5 times every day at the age of 10-20 days, keeping the feed all the time in the brooding period, and strictly prohibiting the feed control. The feed fed in the duckling stage consists of the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of paddy, 5.5 parts of pea, 18 parts of bean pulp, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 1.5 parts of sunflower meal, 1.5 parts of white spirit vinasse, 1.5 parts of hydrolyzed feather powder, 2 parts of corn protein powder, 2.5 parts of puffed soybean, 6.8 parts of chicken oil, 1.37 parts of stone powder, 0.69 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of gypsum, 0.18 part of lysine, 0.27 part of methionine, 0.31 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix. Reference standard material amount: on days 1-10, the average daily dose is 19 g/dose; on days 11-20, the average daily dose is 52 g/dose; on days 21-30, the average daily dose is 84 g/mouse; the specific culture conditions are as follows: the ducklings are bred on the net, the ducklings live on the net surface, and the excrement falls onto the ground through the meshes, so that the environmental sanitation is better, the direct contact between the ducklings and the excrement is reduced, and the disease occurrence probability is reduced; temperature: the 1-day-old is 35 ℃, the 2-16-day-old is 35-27 ℃ (the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ in the interval, and the temperature is reduced by 2 days), and the 17-20-day-old is 26-23 ℃ (the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ in the interval, and the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ in 1 day); the relative humidity is controlled to be 55-65%; cutting beak at 12-19 days old to prevent pecking hair; culturing density: 1-7 days 50/m230 patients in 8-14 days/m220 pieces/m in 15-20 days2。
Second, middle duck stage (21-60 days old): the feed fed in the medium duck stage consists of the following components in parts by weight: 66 parts of rice, 7 parts of pea, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 3 parts of sunflower meal, 2.5 parts of white spirit vinasse, 2.5 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 5 parts of corn protein powder, 3.1 parts of chicken oil, 1.34 parts of stone powder, 0.29 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of gypsum, 0.36 part of lysine, 0.08 part of methionine, 0.03 part of threonine, 0.34 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix. Feeding for 3 times every day, wherein the empty time of each feeding interval is 1 hour, and the feed is prepared according to the following standard feed amount: on days 21-30, the average daily dose is 84 g/mouse; day 31-40, average 116 g/day; on days 41-50, the average daily dosage is 148 g/mouse; on days 51-60, the daily average is 174 g/mouse; the specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the temperature of 21-25 days old is 22-20 ℃, and the temperature of 26-60 days old is 20-18 ℃; cutting fingers at the age of 35-40 days to prevent the defective ducks from being caused by back climbing; in the stage, heat preservation and ventilation are combined, so that the uniformity is improved, and the defective rate is reduced; culturing density: 21-28 days, 8/m229-60 days, 5 pieces/m2。
③ Duck stage (61-130 days old): the whole corn and the feed for the big duck stage are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1 for feeding. The feed for the big duck stage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 66 parts of rice, 8 parts of pea, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 4 parts of sunflower meal, 2.7 parts of white spirit vinasse, 3 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 1 part of corn protein powder, 4.4 parts of chicken oil, 1.37 parts of stone powder, 0 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of gypsum, 0.21 part of lysine, 0.12 part of methionine, 0.015 part of threonine, 0.33 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix. Feeding the mixed feed 3 times every day, wherein the empty time of each feeding interval period is 1 hour, and the total feed amount of the corn and the complete feed is properly limited according to the standard feed amount: on days 61-130, the average daily dose was 180 g/mouse. The specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the age of 61-130 days is 20-18 ℃; the humidity has little influence on the big ducks under the condition of proper temperature, the ventilation is enhanced, and the disease resistance of the meat ducks is improved. Culturing density: 5 pieces/m in 61-130 days2。
(131) pre-marketing stage (150 days old): the feed used in the pre-marketing stage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 68 parts of paddy, 11 parts of peas, 1 part of rapeseed meal, 5 parts of sunflower meal and 3 parts of white spirit vinasse.5 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 0 part of corn protein powder, 2 parts of bran, 2.8 parts of chicken oil, 0.11 part of stone powder, 0.65 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of gypsum, 0.33 part of lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.03 part of threonine, 0.29 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix. Feeding for 3 times every day, wherein the empty time of each feeding interval is 1 hour, and the feed is prepared according to the following standard feed amount: day 131-150 days, average 260 g/day. The specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the temperature of the 131-plus 150 days old is 20-18 ℃; the ventilation is enhanced, and the quality of the meat duck is improved. Culturing density: 131-2。
2. The control group breeding program is to be listed on the market within 150 days
The duckling stage (1-20 days old): the feeding of the newborn ducklings needs a small amount of multiple meals, gradually transits to the regular meal as the age of the day increases, and specifically comprises the following steps: feeding every 2-3 hours in the daytime for 1-3 days old and feeding for 3 times at night; feeding for 4 times in the day and 2 times at night at the age of 4-10 days; feeding for 5 times every day at the age of 10-20 days, keeping the feed all the time in the brooding period, and strictly prohibiting the feed control. The feed fed in the duckling stage consists of the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of paddy, 5 parts of pea, 21 parts of soybean meal, 7.2 parts of rapeseed meal, 3.6 parts of corn protein powder, 3 parts of puffed soybean, 6.6 parts of chicken oil, 1.4 parts of stone powder, 0.7 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of gypsum, 0.1 part of lysine, 0.28 part of methionine, 0.32 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix. Reference standard material amount: on days 1-10, the average daily dose is 19 g/dose; on days 11-20, the average daily dose is 52 g/dose; on days 21-30, the average daily dose is 84 g/mouse; the specific culture conditions are as follows: the ducklings are bred on the net, the ducklings live on the net surface, and the excrement falls onto the ground through the meshes, so that the environmental sanitation is better, the direct contact between the ducklings and the excrement is reduced, and the disease occurrence probability is reduced; temperature: the 1-day-old is 35 ℃, the 2-16-day-old is 35-27 ℃ (the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ in the interval, and the temperature is reduced by 2 days), and the 17-20-day-old is 26-23 ℃ (the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ in the interval, and the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ in 1 day); the relative humidity is controlled to be 55-65%; cutting beak at 12-19 days old to prevent pecking hair; culturing density: 1-7 days 50/m230/m in 8-14 days220 pieces/m in 15-20 days2。
Second, middle duck stage (21-60 days old): the feed fed in the medium duck stage consists of the following components in parts by weight: rice and rice68 parts of pea, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 9 parts of corn protein powder, 1.8 parts of chicken oil, 1.3 parts of stone powder, 0.32 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of gypsum, 0.5 part of lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.02 part of threonine, 0.37 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix. Feeding for 3 times every day, wherein the empty time of each feeding interval is 1 hour, and the feed is prepared according to the following standard feed amount: on days 21-30, the average daily dose is 84 g/mouse; day 31-40, average 116 g/day; on days 41-50, the average daily dosage is 148 g/mouse; on days 51-60, the daily average is 174 g/mouse; the specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the temperature of 21-25 days old is 22-20 ℃, and the temperature of 26-60 days old is 20-18 ℃; cutting fingers at the age of 35-40 days to prevent the defective ducks from being caused by back climbing; in the stage, heat preservation and ventilation are combined, so that the uniformity is improved, and the defective rate is reduced; culturing density: 21-28 days, 8/m229-60 days, 5 pieces/m2。
③ Duck stage (61-130 days old): the whole corn and the feed for the big duck stage are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1 for feeding. The feed for the big duck stage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 69 parts of paddy, 9 parts of pea, 9 parts of rapeseed meal, 7 parts of corn protein powder, 2.8 parts of chicken oil, 1.4 parts of stone powder, 0.03 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of gypsum, 0.24 part of lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.045 part of threonine, 0.37 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix. Feeding the mixed feed 3 times every day, wherein the empty time of each feeding interval period is 1 hour, and the total feed amount of the corn and the complete feed is properly limited according to the standard feed amount: on days 61-130, the average daily dose was 180 g/mouse. The specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the age of 61-130 days is 20-18 ℃; the humidity has little influence on the big ducks under the condition of proper temperature, the ventilation is enhanced, and the disease resistance of the meat ducks is improved. Culturing density: 5 pieces/m in 61-130 days2。
(131) pre-marketing stage (150 days old): the feed used in the pre-marketing stage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 68 parts of paddy, 10 parts of pea, 9 parts of rapeseed meal, 3 parts of corn protein powder, 4 parts of bran, 2.3 parts of chicken oil, 0.1 part of stone powder, 0.6 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of gypsum, 0.24 part of lysine, 0.08 part of methionine, 0.04 part of threonine, 0.28 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix. Feeding for 3 times every day, wherein the empty time of each feeding interval is 1 hour, and the feed is prepared according to the following standard feed amount: day 131-150 days, average 260 g/day. Utensil for cleaning buttockThe condition of the body culture is as follows: temperature: the temperature of the 131-plus 150 days old is 20-18 ℃; the ventilation is enhanced, and the quality of the meat duck is improved. Culturing density: 131-2。
3. The experimental group and the control group are distinguished by the feeding scheme:
the duckling stage (1-20 days old): the differences from the test groups are: the formula of the feed at the duckling stage does not contain sunflower meal, white spirit vinasse and hydrolyzed feather powder.
Second, middle duck stage (21-60 days old): the differences from the test groups are: the formula of the feed for medium ducks does not contain sunflower meal, white spirit lees and hydrolyzed feather meal, and the corn protein powder and the chicken oil are different in parts by weight.
③ big duck stage (61-150 days old): the differences from the test groups are: the formula of the feed at the stage of the big duck does not contain sunflower meal, distiller's grains and hydrolyzed feather meal, and the weight parts of rice, corn protein powder, chicken oil, threonine and sodium chloride are different.
(131) pre-marketing stage (150 days old): the differences from the test groups are: the formula of the feed for the duck before marketing does not contain sunflower meal, white spirit vinasse and hydrolyzed feather meal, and also contains seed rapeseed meal, corn protein powder and different parts by weight of lysine, methionine and threonine.
The experimental results are as follows:
TABLE 3 comparison of Muscovy Duck production performance data between test group and control group
| Group of | Market rate% | Material ratio | Even weight (jin/a) | Feed cost of duck catties (Yuan/jin) | Age in the market |
| Test group | 97.19％ | 4.72 | 9.90 jin | 5.35 Yuan | 150 days |
| Control group | 96.80％ | 4.78 | 9.56 jin | 5.76 yuan | 150 days |
| Comparison of | +0.39％ | -0.06 | +0.34 jin | -0.41 membered | Day 0 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the market rate of the test group is 0.39% higher than that of the control group, the feed ratio is 0.06% lower than that of the control group, the average weight is 0.34 jin higher than that of the control group, and the cost of the feed for jin ducks is 0.41 yuan/jin lower than that of the control group. Therefore, the feeding mode of the invention can obviously reduce the feed cost of the Muscovy ducks of long-age and increase the benefit.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for feeding Muscovy ducks in a large scale for a long day is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, a duckling stage: on the 1 st to 10 th days, the feed is fed by 18 to 20 grams per day on average; on 11 th to 20 th days, feeding 51 g to 53 g of feed per day on average; the duckling stage feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 41-50 parts of rice, 5-7 parts of peas, 13-21 parts of bean pulp, 5-8 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-2 parts of sunflower meal, 1-2 parts of white spirit lees, 1-2 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 1-4 parts of corn protein powder, 1-3 parts of puffed soybeans, 5-7 parts of chicken oil, 1-2 parts of stone powder, 0.5-0.7 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.3 part of gypsum, 0.1-0.2 part of lysine, 0.1-0.3 part of methionine, 0.25-0.35 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix; the specific culture conditions are as follows: the ducklings are bred on the net, the ducklings live on the net surface, and the excrement falls onto the ground through the meshes, so that the direct contact between the ducklings and the excrement is reduced, and the disease occurrence probability is reduced; temperature: the 1-day-old is 35 ℃, the 2-16-day-old is 35-27 ℃, and the 17-20-day-old is 26-23 ℃; the relative humidity is controlled to be 55-65%; cutting beak at 12-19 days old to prevent pecking hair; culturing density: 35-60 pieces/m in 1-7 days225-35 pieces/m in 8-14 days215-25 pieces/m in 15-20 days2；
Step 2, in the medium duck stage: on 21-30 days, feeding 83-85 g/pig feed on average daily; on 31-40 days, feeding 115-117 g/l of feed on average daily; on days 41-50, the average daily feed is 147-; on the 51 st to 60 th days, 173-; the feed for medium-stage ducks comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-68 parts of rice, 6-8 parts of peas, 7-9 parts of rapeseed meal, 2-4 parts of sunflower meal, 2-3 parts of white spirit vinasse, 2-3 parts of hydrolyzed feather powder, 2-5 parts of corn protein powder, 2-4 parts of chicken oil, 1-2 parts of stone powder, 0.2-0.35 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.3 part of gypsum, 0.3-0.5 part of lysine, 0.08-0.15 part of methionine, 0.01-0.03 part of threonine, 0.2-0.35 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix; the specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the temperature of 21-25 days old is 22-20 ℃, and the temperature of 26-60 days old is 20-18 DEG C(ii) a Cutting fingers at the age of 35-40 days to prevent the defective ducks from being caused by back climbing; in the stage, heat preservation and ventilation are combined, so that the uniformity is improved, and the defective rate is reduced; culturing density: 5-8 pieces/m in 21-28 days229-60 days, 5 pieces/m2；
Step 3, a big duck stage: the whole corn and the feed for the big ducks are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1 for feeding, and the mixed feed is 179-181 g/duck every day on the average day in 61-130 days; the feed for the big duck stage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 61-67 parts of rice, 6-9 parts of peas, 6-9 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-5 parts of sunflower meal, 2-3 parts of white spirit vinasse, 2-3 parts of hydrolyzed feather powder, 1-2 parts of corn protein powder, 3-5 parts of chicken oil, 1-2 parts of stone powder, 0-0.03 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.3 part of gypsum, 0.2-0.3 part of lysine, 0.1-0.15 part of methionine, 0.01-0.02 part of threonine, 0.2-0.35 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix; the specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the age of 61-130 days is 20-18 ℃; culturing density: 5 pieces/m in 61-130 days2；
Step 4, pre-marketing stage: 150 days 131-; the feed in the pre-marketing stage consists of the following components in parts by weight: 63-71 parts of rice, 9-11 parts of pea, 4-6 parts of sunflower meal, 3-4 parts of white spirit vinasse, 3-4 parts of hydrolyzed feather powder, 2-4 parts of bran, 2-4 parts of chicken oil, 0.1-1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.6-0.7 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.3 part of gypsum, 0.3-0.4 part of lysine, 0.1-0.15 part of methionine, 0.02-0.03 part of threonine, 0.2-0.35 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of premix; the specific culture conditions are as follows: temperature: the temperature of the 131-plus 150 days old is 20-18 ℃; culturing density: 131-2。
2. The method for large-scale feeding of the Muscovy ducks for long days according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding mode of the duckling stage is as follows: the newborn ducklings are fed with a small amount of multiple meals, gradually transits to a regular meal as the age of the day increases, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: feeding every 2-3 hours in the daytime for 1-3 days old and feeding for 3 times at night; feeding for 4 times in the day and 2 times at night at the age of 4-10 days; feeding for 4-5 times every day at the age of 10-20 days, keeping the feed all the time in the brooding period, and strictly prohibiting the feed control.
3. The method for large-scale feeding of the Muscovy ducks for long days according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding mode of the medium duck stage is as follows: the duck is fed for 2-3 times every day, the duck has the habit of drinking water and washing the mouth while eating, the distance between a water fountain and a trough is increased, and the feed waste is reduced; the water fountain is clean and sanitary and is cleaned every day.
4. The method for large-scale feeding of the Muscovy ducks for long days according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding mode of the big duck stage is as follows: feeding for 2-3 times every day, wherein the time of empty groove is 1-2 hours between each feeding, and drinking water freely.
5. The method for large-scale feeding of the Muscovy ducks for long days according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding mode of the pre-market stage is as follows: feeding for 2-3 times every day, wherein the time of empty groove is 1-2 hours between each feeding, and drinking water freely.
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