CN111106356A - Heat storage type integrated foam metal electrode - Google Patents

Heat storage type integrated foam metal electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111106356A
CN111106356A CN201911112016.0A CN201911112016A CN111106356A CN 111106356 A CN111106356 A CN 111106356A CN 201911112016 A CN201911112016 A CN 201911112016A CN 111106356 A CN111106356 A CN 111106356A
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China
Prior art keywords
foam
foam metal
metal layer
layer
electrode
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Pending
Application number
CN201911112016.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李印实
邓世培
梁佳荣
何雅玲
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Priority to CN201911112016.0A priority Critical patent/CN111106356A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
    • H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat-storage type integrated foam metal electrode which comprises a shell, a separation layer, a first foam metal layer and a second foam metal layer, wherein the phase-change material is filled in the first foam metal layer, and a catalyst is filled in the second foam metal layer; the problem of local overheating in the fuel cell is effectively solved, and heat generated by an overheating area is stored through the phase-change material; the problems of small heat conductivity coefficient and long heat filling time of the phase-change material are solved, and the heat transfer process is enhanced through the foam metal; by effectively utilizing waste heat, the heat stored in the phase change material can provide heat for the process of restarting the battery so as to reduce the response time.

Description

Heat storage type integrated foam metal electrode
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrochemical reaction devices, in particular to a heat storage type integrated foam metal electrode.
Background
Electrochemical reaction devices are devices for converting chemical energy into electric energy, and are widely concerned due to the characteristics of high conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness. The electrochemical reaction device comprises an electrochemical energy supply device and an electrochemical energy storage device, wherein the electrochemical energy supply device is typically represented by a fuel cell, and the electrochemical energy storage device is a flow battery. The fuel cell is designed according to the electrochemical principle, and directly converts chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electric energy without the heat engine process, and is not limited by Carnot cycle; the flow battery is a chargeable and dischargeable electrochemical device for large-scale energy storage and peak shaving, chemical energy and electric energy are reversibly converted when electrolyte solution containing electroactive elements flows through a cathode and an anode, and the electrolyte solution is stored outside the battery. The use of the two electrochemical reaction devices can greatly reduce pollution and avoid a plurality of environmental problems brought by the traditional fossil energy utilization mode.
Fuel cells, like flow batteries, are based on electrochemical principles, and undergo essentially redox reactions within the cell. In addition, the fuel cell and the flow battery are similar in structure and comprise a membrane, a catalytic layer, a diffusion layer, a flow field and the like. In the conventional electrochemical reaction device, the bipolar plate, the diffusion layer, the catalytic layer and other structures are separated, and an interfacial resistance formed by a solid-solid phase interface exists between the bipolar plate, the diffusion layer, the catalytic layer and other structures, which may cause performance degradation of the electrochemical reaction device and increase the volume of the whole device. The device is miniaturized, intensive and compact, and the use scene of the electrochemical reaction device can be expanded to a space-limited area. In addition, the degree of uniform distribution of the reactants over the active area is increased, thereby improving the thermophysical properties of the electrochemical reaction device and reducing the difficulty in thermal management.
The bipolar plate is generally affected by uneven distribution of reactant concentration and catalyst concentration, and the bipolar plate is not uniform in temperature distribution. And part of the energy released by the electrochemical reaction is converted into electric energy to output work, and part of the energy is dissipated to the air in the form of heat energy. In the prior art, the heat cannot be effectively utilized due to the inherent property of low heat capacity of the bipolar plate material, and the energy utilization efficiency is reduced.
Accordingly, those skilled in the art have endeavored to develop a thermal storage type integral metal foam electrode.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a heat storage type integrated foam metal electrode, which solves the problem of local overheating of an electrochemical reaction device, effectively utilizes waste heat and reduces the restart response time of a battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a heat storage type integrated foam metal electrode comprises a shell, a first foam metal layer and a second foam metal layer; the shell is of a structure with a closed bottom and an open top, a separation layer is horizontally arranged in the shell to divide the inner space of the shell into an upper part and a lower part, the first foam metal layer is positioned below the separation layer in the shell, the second foam metal layer is positioned above the separation layer in the shell, a cavity of the first foam metal layer is filled with a phase-change material, and a cavity of the second foam metal layer is filled with a catalyst.
Further, the shell is made of copper, aluminum or alloy materials with high heat conductivity coefficient.
Further, the first metal foam layer and the second metal foam layer are made of copper, aluminum or alloy materials with high thermal conductivity coefficients.
Furthermore, the porosity of the first foam metal layer and the porosity of the second foam metal layer are both 0.50-0.95, and the pore diameter of the air hole is 0.5-1 mm.
Further, the melting point of the phase-change material filled in the first foam metal layer cavity is 50-80 ℃.
Further, the phase change material is paraffin.
Further, the catalyst is a noble metal catalyst.
Further, the catalyst is carbon-supported platinum with the mass fraction of 20-30%.
Furthermore, the loading amount of the catalyst filled in the first foam metal layer is 1-2 mg/m2。
Furthermore, the integrated foam metal electrode for heat storage and temperature equalization is integrally processed and formed by adopting a 3D printing technology.
The invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the invention, the second foam metal layer is filled with the phase-change material to form a composite structure, the structure has large phase-change latent heat and high heat conductivity, absorbs and stores heat of a superheat region, controls the temperature of the bipolar plate in a reasonable range and homogenizes the temperature of a reaction region, and solves the problems of uneven temperature distribution and local superheat existing in a fuel cell; storing heat generated by the overheating area through the phase-change material; by effectively utilizing waste heat, the heat stored in the phase change material can provide heat for the process of restarting the battery so as to reduce the response time of the battery.
2. Aiming at the problems of multiple electrode structures and large interface resistance of the fuel cell, the invention integrates the functions of the flow field, the diffusion layer and the catalyst layer into a whole, simplifies the electrode structure of the fuel cell, effectively solves the problem of local overheating in the fuel cell, strengthens the heat transfer process in the phase-change material by the foam metal framework, accelerates the phase-change material to reach uniform speed integrally, overcomes the problems of small heat conductivity coefficient and long heat charging time of the phase-change material, and strengthens the heat transfer process by the foam metal.
3. The separation layer is arranged between the first foam metal layer and the second foam metal layer, so that the leakage of the fuel/oxidant to the second foam metal layer through the first foam metal layer is avoided, and the whole structure is simple and compact.
4. The invention adopts the 3D printing technology, thereby reducing the manufacturing process difficulty of the heat-storage temperature-equalizing integrated foam metal electrode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrode structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fuel cell incorporating the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a housing; 2. a separation layer; 3. a first foam metal layer; 4. a second metal foam layer; 5. a phase change material; 6. a catalyst; 7. and (3) a membrane.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components may be exaggerated where appropriate in the figures to improve clarity.
As shown in fig. 1, the heat storage type integrated foam metal electrode of the present invention includes a shell 1, a separation layer 2, a first foam metal layer 3, a second foam metal layer 4, a phase change material 5, and a catalyst 6, where the shell 1 is an outer layer structure of the heat storage temperature equalization integrated foam metal electrode except for the upper surface of the first foam metal layer 3, the shell is a structure with a closed bottom and an open top, the separation layer 2 is horizontally disposed in the shell 1 to divide the inner space of the shell into an upper part and a lower part, the separation layer 2 is disposed as a partition between the first foam metal layer 3 and the second foam metal layer 4, the first foam metal layer 3 is disposed below the separation layer 2, the second foam metal layer 4 is disposed above the separation layer 2, the first foam metal layer 3 is filled with the phase change material 5, and the second foam metal layer 4 is.
In the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, the electrode is integrally processed and formed by adopting a 3D printing technology, so that the processing difficulty is reduced. The first foam metal layer 3, the second foam metal layer 4 and the shell 1 are made of copper, aluminum or alloy materials with high heat conductivity coefficients, wherein the porosity of the foam metal is 0.50-0.95, and the pore diameter is 0.5-1 mm. The cavity of the first foam metal layer 3 is filled with paraffin, and the adopted paraffin has the characteristics of large phase change latent heat, stable chemical property and melting point of 50-80 ℃. The second foam metal layer 4 is filled with a catalyst 6, the catalyst 6 is carbon-supported platinum with the mass fraction of 20% -30%, and the load of the catalyst 6 is 1-2 mg/m2。
As shown in fig. 2, the second metal foam layer 4 is filled with a catalyst 6 loaded with platinum on carbon, and the cavity of the metal foam is used as a flow field distribution reactant of the fuel cell, so that an electrochemical reaction occurs in the whole cavity of the second metal foam layer 4.
The fuel hydrogen gas is oxidized under the action of the catalyst 6, electrons are released, ions are generated, and heat is released in the process. Due to the influence of concentration diffusion, different reaction regions have different concentrations of reactants, different heat generated by the reaction and different temperatures. The heat is conducted into the first foam metal layer 3 through the foam metal framework of the second foam metal layer 4, the heat conducted to the second foam metal layer 4 is continuously conducted to the phase change material 5 of the layer, and the phase change material 5 absorbs the heat and keeps the temperature uniform and constant. The foam metal framework strengthens the heat transfer process in the phase-change material 5, and accelerates the phase-change material 5 to reach uniform speed integrally.
The fuel cell has a suitable working temperature, such as a high-efficiency working temperature range of 70-90 ℃ of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. When the fuel cell goes through the process of operation-stop-restart, the heat stored in the phase-change material is slowly released towards the second foam metal layer, so that the fuel cell can be started quickly to reduce the response time of the cell.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a heat-retaining formula integration foam metal electrode which characterized in that: comprises a shell (1), a first foam metal layer (3) and a second foam metal layer (4); shell (1) be bottom closed top open architecture, shell (1) in the horizontal setting separate layer (2) divide into two parts from top to bottom with shell inner space, first foam metal layer (3) are located casing (1) interior separate layer (2) below, second foam metal layer (4) be located casing (1) interior separate layer (2) top, the cavity intussuseption of first foam metal layer (3) fill and be filled with phase change material (5), the cavity intussuseption of second foam metal layer (4) be filled with catalyst (6).
2. The thermal storage integral metal foam electrode of claim 1, wherein: the shell (1) is made of copper, aluminum or alloy materials with high heat conductivity coefficient.
3. The thermal storage integral metal foam electrode of claim 2, wherein: the first metal foam layer (3) and the second metal foam layer (4) are made of copper, aluminum or alloy materials with high heat conductivity coefficients.
4. The thermal storage integral metal foam electrode of claim 3, wherein: the porosity of the first foam metal layer (3) and the porosity of the second foam metal layer (4) are both 0.50-0.95, and the pore diameter of the pores is 0.5-1 mm.
5. The thermal storage integral metal foam electrode of claim 4, wherein: the melting point of the phase-change material (5) filled in the cavity of the first foam metal layer (3) is 50-80 ℃.
6. The thermal storage integral metal foam electrode of claim 5, wherein: the phase change material (5) is paraffin.
7. The thermal storage integral metal foam electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the catalyst (6) is a noble metal catalyst.
8. The thermal storage integral metal foam electrode of claim 7, wherein: the catalyst (6) is carbon-supported platinum with the mass fraction of 20-30%.
9. The thermal storage integral metal foam electrode of claim 7, wherein: the loading capacity of the catalyst (6) filled in the first foam metal layer (3) is 1-2 mg/m2。
10. The thermal storage integral metal foam electrode of claim 7, wherein: the heat-storage temperature-equalizing integrated foam metal electrode is integrally processed and formed by adopting a 3D printing technology.
CN201911112016.0A 2019-11-14 2019-11-14 Heat storage type integrated foam metal electrode Pending CN111106356A (en)

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008102578A1 (en) * 2007-02-19 2008-08-28 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell, laminate for fuel cell, and method of manufacturing the same
CN101512818A (en) * 2006-01-05 2009-08-19 摩尔能源有限公司 Hydrophilized anode for a direct liquid fuel cell
CN105047947A (en) * 2015-07-23 2015-11-11 西安交通大学 Cellular cavity-stage integrated fuel cell electrode and preparation method thereof
CN105070921A (en) * 2015-07-23 2015-11-18 西安交通大学 Integrated fuel cell electrode employing cascade flow field distribution and preparation method of integrated fuel cell electrode
CN105070932A (en) * 2015-07-23 2015-11-18 西安交通大学 Compact cylindrical ion exchange membrane fuel cell and preparation method thereof
CN105609803A (en) * 2016-02-26 2016-05-25 西安交通大学 Four-in-one electrode fuel cell and preparation method therefor
CN106784921A (en) * 2016-12-06 2017-05-31 东北大学 A kind of DMFC and battery pack
CN108199118A (en) * 2018-02-10 2018-06-22 宿州市艾尔新能源有限公司 A kind of metal-air battery using phase-change temperature control
CN109560306A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-04-02 东南大学 A kind of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells phase-change accumulation energy system based on foam metal
CN110380077A (en) * 2019-07-26 2019-10-25 苏州弗尔赛能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of combined type runner fuel battery double plates

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101512818A (en) * 2006-01-05 2009-08-19 摩尔能源有限公司 Hydrophilized anode for a direct liquid fuel cell
WO2008102578A1 (en) * 2007-02-19 2008-08-28 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell, laminate for fuel cell, and method of manufacturing the same
CN105047947A (en) * 2015-07-23 2015-11-11 西安交通大学 Cellular cavity-stage integrated fuel cell electrode and preparation method thereof
CN105070921A (en) * 2015-07-23 2015-11-18 西安交通大学 Integrated fuel cell electrode employing cascade flow field distribution and preparation method of integrated fuel cell electrode
CN105070932A (en) * 2015-07-23 2015-11-18 西安交通大学 Compact cylindrical ion exchange membrane fuel cell and preparation method thereof
CN105609803A (en) * 2016-02-26 2016-05-25 西安交通大学 Four-in-one electrode fuel cell and preparation method therefor
CN106784921A (en) * 2016-12-06 2017-05-31 东北大学 A kind of DMFC and battery pack
CN108199118A (en) * 2018-02-10 2018-06-22 宿州市艾尔新能源有限公司 A kind of metal-air battery using phase-change temperature control
CN109560306A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-04-02 东南大学 A kind of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells phase-change accumulation energy system based on foam metal
CN110380077A (en) * 2019-07-26 2019-10-25 苏州弗尔赛能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of combined type runner fuel battery double plates

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