CN111103549B - Method for judging maintenance requirement of battery system of hybrid power locomotive - Google Patents
Method for judging maintenance requirement of battery system of hybrid power locomotive Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
- G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/386—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables using test-loads
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging the maintenance requirement of a battery system, which comprises the following steps: when the current available energy of the battery system is less than the energy requirement of the normal operation of the locomotive, the battery system needs to be overhauled and maintained; when the SOC consistency difference values among all the single batteries of the battery system are larger than a preset value, the maintenance is required. The invention takes the current available energy of the battery system and the SOC consistency difference value between all the single batteries of the battery system as the standard for judging whether the batteries need to be overhauled and maintained, and the data are based on the charging and discharging data of the batteries, thereby having higher operability and convenience. Meanwhile, the current maximum available energy of the battery system is used as a standard for judging whether the battery system needs to be replaced and maintained, so that the condition that the normal use requirement of the locomotive cannot be met after balanced maintenance can be accurately judged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hybrid locomotives, in particular to a method for judging the maintenance requirement of a battery system.
Background
With the continuous progress of new energy technology, power batteries have been applied to hybrid locomotives as locomotive power systems. With the national advocated green development of new energy and the continuous promotion of energy-saving and environment-friendly policies, the hybrid locomotive will become the development trend of future locomotives. The power battery system is used as an important energy supply system of the hybrid power locomotive, and the energy state of the battery system must be ensured to meet the use requirement of the whole locomotive.
At present, the maintenance cycle of the power battery for rail transit has two modes:
1) And (3) regular repair: according to the previous overhaul experience of the internal combustion locomotive, the battery is replaced in a certain overhaul journey of the locomotive.
2) Fixing and repairing: according to the battery capacity and service life curve given by the battery manufacturer, the battery is replaced within the capacity attenuation range meeting the use requirement of the locomotive.
However, the capacity and life of the power battery as a chemical power source are attenuated not only by the performance of the battery itself, but also by the operating environment and working conditions of the locomotive. The fading process has obvious nonlinear characteristics, and the maintenance requirement cannot be fixedly accounted through the use period. If the maintenance period is too long, the performance of the power battery system is seriously degraded, and the use requirement of the whole vehicle cannot be met; if the overhaul period is too short, the overhaul frequency is increased, the overhaul cost is greatly improved, and the economic benefit of the hybrid power locomotive in the whole life cycle is influenced.
Therefore, a method for judging the overhaul requirement of the power battery system of the hybrid locomotive needs to be provided, and the overhaul maintenance period of the power battery system of the hybrid locomotive is controlled within a reasonable range.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining a maintenance requirement of a battery system, where a difference between available energy of the battery system and consistency between internal batteries is used as a reference for determining maintenance.
The invention discloses a battery system maintenance requirement judgment method, which comprises the following steps:
when the current available energy of the battery system is less than the energy requirement of the normal operation of the locomotive, the battery system needs to be overhauled and maintained;
when the SOC consistency difference values among all the single batteries of the battery system are larger than a preset value, the maintenance is required.
Further, still include:
when the current maximum available energy of the battery system is less than the energy requirement of the normal operation of the locomotive, replacement and maintenance are required.
Further, the current available energy of the battery system is completely discharged after the locomotive battery system is completely charged, and the energy in the discharging process is recorded as the current available energy of the locomotive battery system.
Further, the calculation of the SOC consistency difference values among all the unit batteries of the battery system comprises:
obtaining an approximate OCV of the single battery according to a charging voltage curve and a discharging voltage curve of the single battery;
obtaining an SOC interval corresponding to the complete charging and discharging process of each single battery in the battery system by combining a standard OVC-SOC curve;
and obtaining the SOC consistency difference value among all the single batteries in the battery system according to the high-end SOC values of all the single batteries in the battery system.
Further, the SOC consistency difference value between all the single batteries is a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the high-end SOC values of all the single batteries in the battery system.
Further, the calculation of the current maximum available energy of the battery system includes:
and calculating the current maximum capacity of each single battery, and calculating the current maximum available energy of the battery system according to the current maximum capacity of each single battery.
Further, the calculation of the current maximum capacity of each unit cell includes:
obtaining the approximate OCV of the single battery according to the charging voltage curve and the discharging voltage curve of the single battery;
obtaining an SOC interval corresponding to the complete charging and discharging process of each single battery in the battery system by combining a standard OVC-SOC curve and adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm;
and calculating to obtain the current maximum capacity of each single battery in the battery system.
Further, the charging starting point of the complete charging is that the lowest cell voltage in the battery system reaches the discharging end voltage in the last discharging, the charging end point is that the highest cell voltage in the battery system reaches the charging end voltage, and the temperature change of the battery in the charging process is in a preset range.
Further, the discharge starting point of the complete discharge is that the highest cell voltage in the battery system reaches the charge ending voltage in the last charge, the discharge ending point is that the lowest cell voltage in the battery system reaches the discharge ending voltage, and the battery temperature changes in the preset range in the discharge process.
Further, in a certain SOC, the method for calculating the approximate OCV of the unit battery is:
wherein, U Charging (CN) And U Put Represents a charge voltage and a discharge voltage at a certain SOC;
I charging (CN) And I discharge represents a charging current and a discharging current at a certain SOC.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the invention takes the difference value of the current available energy of the battery system and the SOC consistency between all the single batteries of the battery system as the standard for judging whether the batteries need to be overhauled and maintained, and the data are based on the charging and discharging data of the batteries, thereby having higher operability and convenience. Meanwhile, the current maximum available energy of the battery system is used as a standard for judging whether the battery system needs to be replaced and maintained, so that the condition that the normal use requirement of the locomotive cannot be met after balanced maintenance can be accurately judged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an approximate OCV curve calculated from a charging and discharging curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an approximate OCV curve and a standard OCV-SOC (state of charge) curve fit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for determining a maintenance requirement of a battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that all expressions using "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present invention are used for distinguishing two entities with the same name but different names or different parameters, and it should be noted that "first" and "second" are only used for convenience of expression and should not be construed as a limitation to the embodiments of the present invention, and no description is given in the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 3, some embodiments of the present invention disclose a method for determining inspection requirements of a hybrid locomotive battery system, comprising:
when the current available energy of the battery system is less than the energy requirement of the normal operation of the locomotive, the battery system needs to be overhauled and maintained. The current available energy of the battery system is completely discharged after the locomotive battery system is completely charged, and the energy in the discharging process is recorded as the current available energy of the locomotive battery system; the charging starting point of the complete charging is that the lowest cell voltage in the battery system reaches the discharging ending voltage in the last discharging, the charging ending point is that the highest cell voltage in the battery system reaches the charging ending voltage, and the temperature change of the battery is in a preset range in the charging process. The discharging starting point of the complete discharging is that the highest single cell voltage in the battery system reaches the charging ending voltage in the last charging, the discharging ending point is that the lowest single cell voltage in the battery system reaches the discharging ending voltage, and the temperature change of the battery is in a preset range in the discharging process. Specifically, in the charging and discharging process, the charging and discharging current is as small as possible, and the charging and discharging interval is as wide as possible, so that the current available energy of the battery system is obtained.
When the SOC consistency difference values among all the single batteries of the battery system are larger than a preset value, the maintenance is required. Wherein, the calculation of the SOC consistency difference values among all the single batteries of the battery system comprises the following steps:
obtaining approximate OCV of the single batteries according to the charging voltage curve and the discharging voltage curve of the single batteries, namely calculating the approximate OCV curve of each single battery in a weighted average mode through the charging and discharging voltage curve and current data of the single batteries;
combining a standard OVC-SOC curve to obtain an SOC interval corresponding to the complete charging and discharging process of each single battery in the battery system; at a certain SOC, the method for calculating the approximate OCV of the cell is:
wherein, U Charging device And U Put Represents a charge voltage and a discharge voltage at a certain SOC;
I charging device And I discharge represents a charging current and a discharging current at a certain SOC.
And obtaining the SOC consistency difference value between all the single batteries in the battery system according to the high-end SOC values of all the single batteries in the battery system, namely the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the high-end SOC values of all the single batteries in the battery system.
When the current maximum available energy of the battery system is less than the energy requirement of the normal operation of the locomotive, replacement and maintenance are required. Wherein the calculation of the current maximum available energy of the battery system comprises: and calculating the current maximum capacity of each single battery, and calculating the current maximum available energy of the battery system according to the current maximum capacity of each single battery.
The calculation of the current maximum capacity of each unit cell includes: obtaining the approximate OCV of the single battery according to the charging voltage curve and the discharging voltage curve of the single battery; obtaining an SOC interval corresponding to the complete charging and discharging process of each single battery in the battery system by combining a standard OVC-SOC curve and adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm; the current maximum capacity of each single battery in the battery system is obtained through calculation, namely the maximum available energy of the battery system is obtained through accumulation calculation according to the capacity data of all the single batteries in the battery system and the nominal voltage of the battery system, and the maximum available energy is used as a judgment basis for judging whether the battery system is replaced, overhauled and maintained.
It should be noted that, in an ideal state, to obtain the consistency difference between the batteries in the power battery system and the maximum available energy of the battery system, external balancing equipment needs to be used to perform balancing maintenance on all the cells in the battery system once, but huge labor cost and time cost are brought, and the judgment cannot be completed before the balancing maintenance. Therefore, the invention provides a maintenance requirement judgment method based on battery system charging and discharging data, which is characterized in that based on basic charging and discharging data of a power battery system, an approximate OCV (open circuit voltage) curve of single batteries in the power battery system is calculated according to basic charging and discharging characteristics of the power battery, the difference between the single batteries in the current power battery system is obtained through analysis by combining an original OCV curve of the power battery, the maximum available energy of the current system is estimated, and a data basis is provided for maintenance and replacement requirements of the power battery system of a hybrid locomotive. The method is suitable for judging the requirement before the maintenance of the power battery system of the hybrid power locomotive, and has high operability and convenience.
Examples
Aiming at a power battery system of a hybrid power locomotive at a certain moment, a locomotive charger is used for carrying out one-time complete charging, a charging starting point requires that the voltage of the lowest monomer (the monomer in the system refers to the BMS minimum monitoring unit in particular) in the power battery system reaches the discharging termination voltage in the last discharging, and the charging termination point requires that the voltage of the highest monomer in the power battery system reaches the charging termination voltage; the method comprises the steps that the battery is completely discharged once through the self-load of the hybrid power locomotive, the starting point of discharging is required to be that the highest monomer voltage in the power battery system reaches the charging termination voltage in the last charging, and the stopping point of discharging is required to be that the lowest monomer battery voltage in the power battery system reaches the discharging termination voltage. The current/power value of charging and discharging is required to be as small as possible, and a certain standing time is provided in the charging and discharging process to ensure that the temperature of the battery is not obviously changed to influence the test result, wherein the energy in the discharging process is the current available energy of the battery system and is recorded as Euenable.
As shown in fig. 1, the discharge voltage curve and the charge voltage curve of all the unit cells in the BMS system can be obtained according to the recorded data in the BMS system. In the charging and discharging processes, the current passes through the battery, so that the polarization phenomenon is generated, the charging voltage is higher than the OCV of the battery, and the discharging voltage is lower than the OCV of the battery. However, in the charging and discharging processes of the battery, the polarization degree of the battery under the same SOC (state of charge) is basically in direct proportion to the current magnitude, so that the approximate OCV value of the battery can be calculated according to the charging process voltage and the discharging process voltage of the battery. At a certain SOC, the battery approximate OCV can be approximated according to equation (1):
wherein, U Charging device And U Put Represents a charge voltage and a discharge voltage at a certain SOC; I.C. A Charging (CN) And I discharge represents a charging current and a discharging current at a certain SOC.
All the single batteries in the battery system are of the same type and system, and the standard OCV-SOC curve can be obtained according to a new battery or provided by a battery manufacturer. Although the OCV curve changes during the degradation of the battery, the shape of the curve remains substantially unchanged and only expands or moves within a certain range. After the battery approximate OCV curve is obtained through calculation, the battery standard OCV-SOC curve can be combined, the approximate OCV curve and the standard OCV-SOC curve are fitted to the maximum extent through a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and an SOC interval (X) corresponding to the charging and discharging process of a certain single battery in the system is obtained 1 ％～X 2 Percent), namely, according to a battery standard OCV-SOC curve, applying a particle swarm optimization algorithm to each batteryAnd fitting the approximate OCV curves of the single batteries to obtain the approximate OCV-SOC curves of the single batteries. As shown in particular in fig. 2.
According to the algorithm, the SOC interval (X) corresponding to each single battery in the system in one complete charging and discharging process can be calculated in sequence 1-i ％～X 2-i % where i represents the battery number) as a basis for SOC consistency analysis and capacity calculation of the battery.
In order to improve the energy utilization rate, a high-end SOC is selected to calculate the SOC consistency difference between batteries in the battery system, which is specifically shown in formula (2):
SOC dif ＝max(SOC 2 )-min(SOC 2 ) (2)
wherein max (SOC 2) represents the maximum value of the high-end SOC of all the single batteries in the system, min (SOC 2) represents the minimum value of the high-end SOC of all the single batteries in the system, and SOC dif Representing the SOC uniformity differences among all cells in the system.
Further, the current maximum capacity of each single battery in the system can be calculated, and is specifically shown in formula (3):
wherein Q is i Indicates the current maximum capacity, Q, of the ith battery Charging and discharging And the capacity of the branch where the battery is located for charging or discharging is shown in the early-stage system charging and discharging test.
Further, the current maximum available energy of the system can be calculated to represent the optimal energy state of the battery system after the overhaul and maintenance, as shown in formula (4):
wherein E max Which represents the maximum available energy of the system,
which represents the average voltage of the cell and can generally be calculated in terms of the nominal voltage of the cell.
In order to ensure the energy utilization rate of the battery system and maintain the similar aging path between batteries, the SOC difference of the single batteries in the system needs to be ensured within a certain range, such as SOC lim (ii) a In order to ensure that the battery system can meet the use requirement of the locomotive, the energy which can be provided by the battery system is not lower than the energy requirement E of the normal operation of the locomotive lim . Therefore, the hybrid locomotive overhaul requirement can be judged as follows:
if Euseable < E lim If the energy available at present of the system cannot meet the normal use requirement of the locomotive, the system needs to be overhauled and maintained;
if SOC dif ＞SOC lim The consistency difference between the monomers in the system is over large, and the balance overhaul and maintenance are needed;
if E max ＜E lim The maximum available energy of the system is too low, so that the normal use requirement of the locomotive cannot be met even after balanced maintenance, and replacement and maintenance are required.
In conclusion, the invention provides technical support for the overhaul and maintenance of the power battery system of the hybrid locomotive, the consistency state, the available energy state and the maximum available energy state of the power battery system are obtained through analysis by simple charging and discharging process data and are used as the basis for judging the overhaul and maintenance requirements of the hybrid locomotive, the tracking detection of the state of the power battery system is realized, the state characteristics of the power battery system can be ensured to meet the use requirements of the whole locomotive, meanwhile, the complicated test verification program is avoided, a large amount of time cost and manpower and material resources cost are saved, and the economic efficiency and the reliability of the hybrid locomotive in the whole life cycle are favorably improved.
It should be particularly noted that the various components or steps in the above embodiments can be mutually intersected, replaced, added or deleted, and therefore, the combination formed by the reasonable permutation and combination conversion shall also belong to the protection scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention shall not be limited to the embodiments.
The above is an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and the order of disclosure of the above embodiment of the present disclosure is only for description and does not represent the merits of the embodiment. It should be noted that the discussion of any embodiment above is exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, of embodiments of the invention is limited to those examples, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope, as defined in the claims. The functions, steps and/or actions of the method claims in accordance with the disclosed embodiments described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of the disclosed embodiments of the invention may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant only to be exemplary, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the framework of embodiments of the invention, also combinations between technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments are possible, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the invention described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements, and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A battery system maintenance requirement judgment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the current available energy of the battery system is less than the energy requirement of the normal operation of the locomotive, the battery system needs to be overhauled and maintained;
when the SOC consistency difference values among all the single batteries of the battery system are larger than a preset value, the maintenance is needed; when the current maximum available energy of the battery system is less than the energy requirement of the normal operation of the locomotive, the battery system needs to be replaced and maintained;
the calculation of the SOC consistency difference values among all the single batteries of the battery system comprises the following steps:
obtaining the approximate OCV of the single battery according to the charging voltage curve and the discharging voltage curve of the single battery;
obtaining an SOC interval corresponding to the complete charging and discharging process of each single battery in the battery system by combining a standard OCV-SOC curve;
obtaining SOC consistency difference values among all the single batteries in the battery system according to the high-end SOC values of all the single batteries in the battery system;
at a certain SOC, the method for calculating the approximate OCV of the cell is:
wherein, U Charging (CN) And U Put Represents a charge voltage and a discharge voltage at a certain SOC;
I charging (CN) And I Placing the Represents a charging current and a discharging current at a certain SOC;
the calculation of the current maximum available energy of the battery system includes:
calculating the current maximum capacity of each single battery, and calculating the current maximum available energy of the battery system according to the current maximum capacity of each single battery;
the calculation of the current maximum capacity of each unit cell includes:
obtaining the approximate OCV of the single battery according to the charging voltage curve and the discharging voltage curve of the single battery;
combining a standard OCV-SOC curve, and adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an SOC interval corresponding to the complete charging and discharging process of each single battery in the battery system;
and calculating to obtain the current maximum capacity of each single battery in the battery system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the currently available energy of the battery system is completely discharged after the locomotive battery system is completely charged, and the energy in the discharging process is recorded as the currently available energy of the locomotive battery system.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the difference value of the SOC consistence between all the single batteries is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the high-end SOC values of all the single batteries in the battery system.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the charging starting point of the full charge is that the lowest cell voltage in the battery system reaches the end-of-discharge voltage in the last discharge, the charging end point is that the highest cell voltage in the battery system reaches the end-of-charge voltage, and the battery temperature changes within a predetermined range during the charging process.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the starting point of the complete discharge is that the highest cell voltage in the battery system reaches the end-of-charge voltage in the last charge, the end-of-discharge point is that the lowest cell voltage in the battery system reaches the end-of-discharge voltage, and the temperature of the battery during the discharge varies within a predetermined range.
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