CN111102860A - 一种带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,属于低温技术领域,包括进口管、出口管、管板、折流板、涡状盘管、筒体、中心管、支撑架、封头和鞍座,所述管板与所述筒体固定连接,所述管板的下端位置和中心位置分别开孔,所述进口管和出口管分别与所述管板的下端位置和中心位置的开孔相连,所述折流板和涡状盘管安装在所述中心管上,所述中心管一端固定在所述管板上,另一端穿插在与筒体连接的支撑架上,所述封头与所述筒体相连,设置在与所述进口管和出口管相反的另一侧,所述鞍座设置在所述筒体的下方。本发明结构紧凑,制造方便,采用的涡状盘管易于强化传热,同时,储冷效果好,应用范围广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于低温技术领域,可应用于公共建筑、空调蓄冷、冷藏运输等方面,更具体地说,是涉及一种低温流体冷能储存装置。
背景技术
随着工业化的高速发展,能源问题逐渐成为制约经济发展的关键因素,如何将能源高效存储,已经成为工业上亟需解决的关键问题。储冷技术是将工质状态变化释放的显热或潜热进行储存,从而解决能源在时间上和空间上分配不均的矛盾,已经在国民经济的各个领域得到了广泛应用。
目前,现有的储冷装置大部分还是以冰蓄冷和水储能装置为主,这些装置系统复杂、占地面积大、寿命短、效率低、经济效益差,具有很大的局限性。本装置利用材料的相变潜热进行储冷,具有储能密度大、温度恒定、热效率高等优点。同时,由于相变材料的贮能密度明显高于水的显热贮存系统,该装置结构紧凑,热损小,具有很大的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明是针对上述背景技术中存在的不足提供一种的带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,该装置高效可靠,其优点在于:受折流板的影响,低温流体在壳程内流动时,沿着轴向会发生周期性的变向流动,从而增加湍流程度,提高换热系数。同时,相变材料采用结构紧凑的涡状盘管进行储存,具有充装量大的特点,特殊的涡状结构也会使内部流体产生二次流,强化管内流体与管壁间的换热。此外,相变材料来源广泛,具有较大的相变潜热,较好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,环境友好,安全可靠,可多次重复使用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明通过如下技术方案来实现:一种带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,包括进口管、出口管、管板、折流板、涡状盘管、筒体、中心管、支撑架、封头和鞍座,所述管板与所述筒体固定连接,所述管板的下端位置和中心位置分别开孔,所述进口管和出口管分别与所述管板的下端位置和中心位置的开孔相连,所述折流板和涡状盘管安装在所述中心管上,所述中心管一端固定在所述管板上,另一端穿插在与筒体连接的支撑架上,所述封头与所述筒体相连,设置在与所述进口管和出口管相反的另一侧,所述鞍座设置在所述筒体的下方。
所述折流板与折流板之间安装若干个涡状盘管,其个数可以根据实际储冷量确定;折流板可以改变壳程内低温流体流向,强化传热;所述折流板中心开孔,整体呈弓形或圆盘-圆环形;所述折流板的间距可以根据介质性质、流量以及装置大小确定,一般不小于圆筒长度的五分之一,中心开孔的尺寸根据中心管的直径确定。
所述中心管可以是单管,也可以是双管结构;所述中心管为双管结构时,主要包含外管、内管、环形管板以及嵌套在内管和外管之间的翅片;所述内管和外管之间充装相变材料。
所述翅片可以是圆形翅片、螺旋形翅片、波纹形翅片、针状翅片等。
所述支撑架由套筒和支撑筋板组成,筋板的个数可以根据实际情况确定,套筒的直径略大于中心管的直径。
所述涡状盘管由垫条、垫环、支撑环、基底垫条以及盘管构成。
作为优选,所述盘管的外径可以是Φ19mm、Φ25mm、Φ32mm以及其他常见换热管尺寸。
所述盘管圈与圈之间点焊垫环,垫环的厚度可根据实际情况确定,一般为~mm。
所述盘管内圈被个垫环均布固定并点焊在支撑环上,然后以此为基底,沿径向逐圈焊接垫环;当盘管缠绕若干圈数后,在垫环之间沿周向均布添加垫条,并作为增加的基底,在下一圈开始持续焊接垫环,所述垫环最终沿平面呈阶段性递增的辐射状分布。
所述垫条初始添加的位置和个数可根据涡状盘管的总体尺寸确定;所述垫条为平直形,厚度与垫环保持一致。
所述支撑环的内径与中心管外径相同;所述支撑环厚度与垫环保持一致,长度略大于盘管外径。
所述支撑环与盘管内圈的间隙处需要衬垫基底垫条,基底垫条的厚度需结合盘管外径确定。
所述盘管内的相变材料根据应用的温度范围进行选择,可以是有机或无机相变材料,也可以是复合相变材料。
作为优选,所述盘管内的相变材料主要有辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十二醇、叔戊醇、乙二醇、正十二烷、正十四烷、正十五烷、正十六烷等有机相变材料或NaSO·HO、GeSbTe等无机相变材料,也可以是由两种或者两种以上材料组成的复合相变材料。
所述壳程内的流体为低温流体,其入口温度低于盘管内相变材料的相变温度。
作为优选,低温流体介质可以是氨气、甲烷、氮气等。
所述筒体的外壁上包裹着由保温材料构成的保温层。
所述盘管的管材和折流板的板材可以不一致,范围包括碳钢、不锈钢、钢及钢合金、铝及铝合金、铜及铜合金以及其他特种金属。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1.与其他储冷介质相比,潜热型相变材料的储冷密度大,储冷温度适宜,对冷负荷变化的适应性好。在相同的温度范围,它的储冷容量比水的显热大,和冰储冷相比,它具有保持流动性的优点,同时,相变材料来源广泛,具有较好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,安全可靠,可多次重复使用。
2.涡状盘管结构紧凑,易于安装,与常规圆管相比,它的充装量大,换热面积大,且其特殊结构会使内部产生二次流,从而强化管内流体与管壁间的换热,提高冷量的利用率。
3.装置结构简单,制造方便。中心管在靠近封头一侧穿插在支撑架上,是一种可拆结构,使中心管能容易的插入或抽出壳体。同时,当相变材料和低温流体的温差较大时,中心管可以沿轴向自由伸缩,完全消除了温差应力。
4.装置内设置折流板,可以控制流体流向,使流体沿着轴向不断变向流动,能进一步的增加湍流程度,提高换热系数。
5.安装时可以以盘管组为单位,安装方便。同时,所需盘管数可根据实际储冷量的需求增加或减少,适用范围广。
6.可选用的管材和板材广泛,主要包括碳钢、不锈钢、钢及钢合金、铝及铝合金、铜及铜合金以及其他特种金属。
7.低温流体从进口管进入,沿轴向变向运动后,通过中心管靠近封头侧的管口回流,并最终从出口管排出,大大延长了低温流体与相变材料在储冷装置中的热交换时间。
8.盘管圈与圈之间使用垫环焊接,一方面可以将盘管整体固定,另一方面可以通过调节垫环厚度控制相邻盘管之间的间距,是控制盘管螺距和间距的有效手段。
附图说明
图1为本发明带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置的平面示意图。
图2为本发明带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置的立体示意图。
图3为本发明带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置中折流板的结构示意图。
图4为本发明带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置中心管为双管结构时的示意图。
图5为本发明带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置的支撑架结构示意图。
图6为本发明带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置的涡状盘管结构示意图。
图7为本发明带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置的垫环示意图。
图中:1—进口管;2—出口管;3—管板;4—折流板;5—涡状盘管;6—筒体;7—中心管;8—支撑架;9—封头;10—鞍座;11—外管;12—内管;13—环形管板;14—翅片;15—套筒;16—筋板;17—垫条;18—垫环;19—支撑环;20—基底垫条;21—盘管。
具体实施方式
以下将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。这些附图均为简化的示意图,仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本结构。
如图1、2所示,本实施例的带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,包括进口管1、出口管2、管板3、筒体6、中心管7、支撑架8、封头9、鞍座10以及安装在中心管7上的折流板4和涡状盘管5;折流板4与折流板4之间安装若干个涡状盘管5,其个数可以根据实际储冷量确定;折流板4可以改变壳程内低温流体流向,强化传热;管板3与筒体6焊接,且管板3的下端位置和中心位置分别开孔,并焊接进口管1和出口管2,用作低温流体的进出;低温流体介质可以是甲烷、氨气、氮气等,其入口温度低于盘管21内相变材料的相变温度;中心管7一端固定在管板3上,另一端穿插在与筒体6焊接的支撑架8上;中心管7可以是单管,也可以是双管结构;
如图3所示,折流板4中心开孔,整体呈弓形或圆盘-圆环形;折流板4的间距可以根据介质性质、流量以及装置大小确定,一般不小于圆筒长度的五分之一,中心开孔的尺寸可以根据中心管7的直径确定;筒体6的外壁上包裹着由保温材料构成的保温层。
如图4所示,中心管7为双管结构时,主要包含外管11、内管12、环形管板13以及嵌套在内管12和外管11之间的翅片14;内管12和外管11之间充装相变材料,翅片14可以是圆形翅片、螺旋形翅片、波纹形翅片、针状翅片等;低温流体通过中心管7回流,大大增加了与相变材料在储冷装置中的热交换时间,提高了换热效率;
如图5所示,支撑架8由套筒15和支撑筋板16组成,筋板16的个数可以根据实际情况确定,套筒15的直径略大于中心管7的直径;支撑筋板16焊接在筒体6上,用来支撑中心管7;中心管7靠近封头9的一侧套在套筒15上,是一种可拆结构,使中心管能容易的插入或抽出壳体,同时,当相变材料和低温流体的温差较大时,中心管7可以沿轴向自由伸缩,完全消除了温差应力。
如图6、7所示,涡状盘管5由垫条17、垫环18、支撑环19、基底垫条20以及盘管21构成。盘管21的外径可以是Φ19mm、Φ25mm、Φ32mm以及其他常见换热管尺寸;盘管21两端封堵,内部含有相变材料;相变材料可以根据应用的温度范围进行选择,主要有辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十二醇、叔戊醇、乙二醇、正十二烷、正十四烷、正十五烷、正十六烷等有机相变材料或Na2SO4·10H2O、Ge1Sb2Te4等无机相变材料,也可以是由两种或者两种以上材料组成的复合相变材料;相变材料的储冷密度大,储冷温度适宜,对冷负荷变化的适应性好,且来源广泛,具有较好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,安全可靠,可多次重复使用;盘管21圈与圈之间焊接垫环18,垫环18的厚度可根据实际情况确定,一般为1~5mm;
盘管21内圈被4个垫环18均布固定并点焊在支撑环19上,然后以此为基底,沿径向逐圈焊接垫环18;当盘管21缠绕若干圈数后,在垫环18之间均布添加垫条17,并作为增加的基底,在下一圈开始持续点焊垫环18,垫环18最终沿平面呈阶段性递增的辐射状分布;垫条17添加的位置和个数可根据涡状盘管5的总体尺寸确定;所述垫条17为平直形,厚度与垫环18保持一致;支撑环19的内径与中心管7外径相同,其厚度与垫环18保持一致,长度略大于盘管21外径;支撑环19与盘管21内圈的间隙处需要衬垫基底垫条20,基底垫条20的厚度需结合盘管21外径确定;管材和板材可以不一致,范围包括碳钢、不锈钢、钢及钢合金、铝及铝合金、铜及铜合金以及其他特种金属。
本发明所提供的带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,结构紧凑,高效可靠,适用范围广。当低温流体在壳程内流动时,受折流板的影响,流体会发生周期性的变向流动,从而增加湍流程度,提高换热系数。同时,涡状盘管的特殊结构,一方面能提高相变材料的充装量,另一方面也会使内部流体产生二次流,强化管内流体与管壁间的换热。此外,低温流体通过中心管回程,大大增加了与相变材料在储冷装置中的热交换时间,提高了换热效率。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化,均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,其特征在于:包括进口管(1)、出口管(2)、管板(3)、折流板(4)、涡状盘管(5)、筒体(6)、中心管(7)、支撑架(8)、封头(9)和鞍座(10),所述管板(3)与所述筒体(6)固定连接,所述管板(3)的下端位置和中心位置分别开孔,所述进口管(1)和出口管(2)分别与所述管板(3)的下端位置和中心位置的开孔相连,所述折流板(4)和涡状盘管(5)安装在所述中心管(7)上,所述中心管(7)一端固定在所述管板(3)上,另一端穿插在与筒体(6)连接的支撑架(8)上,所述封头(9)与所述筒体(6)相连,设置在与所述进口管(1)和出口管(2)相反的另一侧,所述鞍座(10)设置在所述筒体(6)的下方。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,其特征在于:所述折流板(4)为N个,N≥2,每两个折流板(4)之间安装M个涡状盘管(5),M≥4;所述折流板(4)中心开孔,整体呈弓形或圆盘-圆环形;所述中心开孔的尺寸与所述中心管(7)的直径相适应。
3.根据权利要求1所述的带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,其特征在于:所述涡状盘管(5)包括垫条(17)、垫环(18)、支撑环(19)以及盘管(21),所述盘管(21)圈与圈之间焊接垫环(18),所述盘管(21)内圈均布固定设置4个垫环(18)并点焊在所述支撑环(19)上,在所述垫环(18)之间沿周向均布设置垫条(17),所述垫环(18)最终沿平面呈阶段性递增的辐射状分布,垫环(18)的厚度为1~5mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,其特征在于:所述盘管(21)两端封堵,内部含有相变材料;所述支撑环(19)与所述盘管(21)内圈的间隙处衬垫基底垫条(20),基底垫条(20)的厚度与所述盘管(21)的外径相适应;所述垫条(17)为平直形,所述支撑环(19)的内径与中心管(7)外径相同;所述支撑环(19)厚度与所述垫条(17)和垫环(18)相同,长度略大于所述盘管(21)的外径。
5.根据权利要求1所述的带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,其特征在于:所述中心管(7)为单管或双管结构;所述中心管(7)为双管结构时,包含外管(11)、内管(12)、环形管板(13)以及嵌套在内管(12)和外管(11)之间的翅片(14);所述内管(12)和外管(11)之间充装相变材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,其特征在于:所述翅片(14)为圆形翅片、螺旋形翅片、波纹形翅片或针状翅片。
7.根据权利要求1所述的带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,其特征在于:所述支撑架(8)由套筒(15)和支撑筋板(16)组成,所述套筒(15)的直径略大于所述中心管(7)的直径。
8.根据权利要求1所述的带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,其特征在于:所述筒体(6)的外壁上包裹着由保温材料构成的保温层。
9.根据权利要求4所述的带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,其特征在于:所述盘管(21)和中心管(7)内的相变材料为有机相变材料、无机相变材料或复合相变材料;所述有机相变材料为辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十二醇、叔戊醇、乙二醇、正十二烷、正十四烷、正十五烷或正十六烷,所述无机相变材料为Na2SO4·10H2O或Ge1Sb2Te4,所述复合相变材料由两种或者两种以上的上述材料组成。
10.根据权利要求9所述的带有涡状盘管的相变储冷装置,其特征在于:所述装置内的流体为低温流体,其入口温度低于所述盘管(21)和中心管(7)内相变材料的相变温度。
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