Method for improving denitrification effect of nitrification and denitrification process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a method for improving the denitrification effect of a nitrification and denitrification process.
Background
Synchronous Nitrification and Denitrification (SND) means that nitrification and denitrification reactions are simultaneously carried out in the same reactor. The novel denitrification process overcomes the defect that the nitrification and denitrification processes are carried out in two different reactors or are carried out in sequence in the same reactor (SBR) in the traditional biological denitrification process. Compared with the traditional nitrification and denitrification process, the SND has the outstanding advantages in the aspects of reducing energy consumption, material consumption and the like: the alkali generated in the denitrification process can partially neutralize the acid generated in the nitrification process, so that the consumption of chemical reagents is reduced, the pH in the reactor can be effectively kept stable, and the addition of alkalinity is reduced or cancelled; the volume of the traditional reactor is reduced, and the capital cost is saved; for a sequencing batch reactor consisting of only one reaction tank, SND can reduce the time required to achieve nitrification and denitrification; the aeration quantity is saved, the energy consumption can be further reduced, and the energy-saving and emission-reducing requirements advocated vigorously at present are met. Therefore, the synchronous nitrification and denitrification process has become one of the research hotspots in the field of sewage treatment.
Foreign researchers put nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria into the same reactor for mixed culture, although synchronous nitrification and denitrification of a single reactor can be achieved, denitrification results are unsatisfactory, and a certain distance is left from practical application. The Holbourgen potato processing wastewater treatment project adopts the combination of short-range nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation to realize synchronous nitrification and denitrification, but the denitrification adopts obligate anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria which are in an aerobic environment with certain concentration for a long time, so the activity of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria is reduced to a certain extent, and the denitrification effect is not ideal. Some related research works are also carried out in China, Gunn golden aster and the like perform combined denitrification by using aerobic denitrifying flora and autotrophic nitrifying flora (application and environmental biology reports, 2002,8(1): 78-82), although the gunn golden aster and the like have better ammonia nitrogen removal capability, high-concentration ammonia nitrogen higher than 300mg/L can inhibit the growth of thalli, and when the ammonia nitrogen concentration is higher than 200mg/L, the residual amount of the ammonia nitrogen is more after denitrification, high-concentration organic carbon is not tolerated, and the organic carbon concentration of 500mg/L can inhibit the growth of the thalli and reduce the denitrification effect; the culture and growth conditions of various bacteria in the combined flora are inconsistent, one of the bacteria is in a suppressed state when the other bacteria plays a role, so that the bacteria are not coordinated with each other, the biological denitrification time is prolonged, the cost is increased, and the denitrification efficiency is influenced.
Meanwhile, both traditional and novel biological denitrification needs nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria to complete the biological denitrification. The microorganisms participating in the nitrification process are mainly autotrophic nitrifying bacteria, obtain energy from the process of biologically oxidizing ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, and generally use inorganic carbon as a carbon source, so that the microorganisms have the advantages of long metabolism time, slow growth, belonging to gram-negative bacteria, low peptidoglycan content in cell walls, high protein and fat content and sensitivity to environmental change, and therefore, the natural nitrifying bacteria in the nature have poor adaptability and tolerance ratio. The microorganisms participating in denitrification are mainly denitrifying bacteria, and the microorganisms can induce nitrate reductase A and nitrite reductase required by denitrification generally only under the anaerobic condition, and carry out denitrification by taking nitrate or nitrite as an electron acceptor. Because the two types of microorganisms need different environments, in the whole denitrification process of sewage treatment, namely the nitrification process and the denitrification process, high-concentration ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen can inhibit the growth of nitrifying bacteria, high-concentration dissolved oxygen and insufficient carbon source can inhibit the growth of denitrifying bacteria, and the shock resistance of the system is poor, so that the total denitrification effect is influenced.
CN201510802687.5 discloses a sewage short-cut synchronous nitrification and denitrification denitrogenation method, which is mainly characterized in that nitrite type denitrogenation bacteria and microorganism growth promoters are added into an ammonia-containing sewage treatment system, wherein the microorganism growth promoters comprise metal salts, polyamine substances, organic acid hydroxylamine and Na2SO3. The method solves the problems of mutual restriction of microbial functions, unstable denitrification effect and the like in practical application of synchronous nitrification and denitrification, but the accelerator uses metal salt and has the hidden danger of secondary pollution due to improper use.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the denitrification effect of a nitrification and denitrification process. By adding the specific composition, the invention solves the problems of mutual restriction of microbial functions, poor denitrification effect, unstable operation and the like in practical application of synchronous nitrification and denitrification, and realizes the standard treatment of sewage.
The method for improving the denitrification effect of the nitrification and denitrification process, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps of: in a system for treating ammonia-containing wastewater by a synchronous nitrification and denitrification process, a composition mainly comprising cordycepin, alkyl glycoside and polyethylene glycol is added, wherein the weight ratio of the cordycepin, the alkyl glycoside and the polyethylene glycol is 2-20:1-10:1, and preferably 5-10:2-5: 1.
In the invention, the molecular formula of the cordycepin is CsHyON, the relative molecular mass is 251.25, and the cordycepin is a nucleic acid adaptor containing nitrogen glycoside and belongs to purine alkaloids. The cordycepin used in the invention is mainly cordycepin obtained by natural extraction or fermentation.
In the present invention, the alkyl glycoside (APG for short) is obtained by removing one molecule of water from glucose and a renewable natural fatty alcohol under an acidic catalyst, and usually at least one of APG0810, APG0814, APG0816, APG1214, APG1216, and the like is used.
In the present invention, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) has a molecular weight of less than 500, such as at least one of PEG-200, PEG-400, etc., preferably PEG-200.
In the invention, the composition is added according to the concentration of the composition in inlet water of 0.001-1mg/L, preferably 0.05-0.1mg/L, and can be added once a day or once every few days until the total nitrogen concentration of outlet water is lower than 40 mg/L. If the system fluctuates in the running process, the ammonia nitrogen or the total nitrogen can be added and used at any time when the removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen or the total nitrogen is unstable.
In the invention, the ammonia-containing sewage is all sewage containing COD and ammonia nitrogen suitable for biological treatment, wherein the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 50-500mg/L, the total nitrogen concentration is 50-500mg/L, and the COD concentration is 500-1000 mg/L.
In the invention, the synchronous nitrification and denitrification process refers to a treatment system capable of realizing synchronous nitrification and denitrification in one reactor, and comprises synchronous nitrification and denitrification formed due to nonuniform distribution of dissolved oxygen in space and a synchronous nitrification and denitrification system formed by internal anaerobic and external aerobic denitrification granular sludge. The operating conditions of the synchronous nitrification and denitrification process are as follows: the temperature is 18-40 deg.C, preferably 25-40 deg.C, dissolved oxygen is 0.1-3mg/L, pH is 7-9, and reflux ratio is 20-40.
According to the invention, the composition of cordycepin, alkyl glycoside and polyethylene glycol is added into the system for treating ammonia-containing wastewater by the synchronous nitrification and denitrification process, so that the growth of denitrifying microorganisms can be promoted, the rapid adaptability of the microorganisms to substrates, products and unsuitable environmental conditions can be improved, the denitrification rate is improved, and the running stability of the system can be obviously improved. For an impacted system, the inhibition of high-concentration ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen on nitrifying bacteria can be reduced, the denitrification effect of denitrifying bacteria under the condition of insufficient high-concentration dissolved oxygen and carbon sources is improved, the long-term stable operation of the system can be maintained, the impacted system can be quickly repaired, the treatment effect of waste water can be obviously improved, and the stable synchronous nitrification and denitrification can be really realized.
Detailed Description
The method and effects of the present invention will be described in further detail by examples. The embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed implementation modes and specific operation processes are given, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited by the following embodiments.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are, unless otherwise specified, conventional in the art. The test materials used in the following examples were purchased from biochemical reagent stores unless otherwise specified.
In the embodiment of the invention, the COD concentration is determined by GB11914-89 bichromate method which is the determination of chemical oxygen demand of water quality; the ammonia nitrogen concentration is measured by GB7478-87 'determination of ammonium in water-distillation and titration method'; the total nitrogen concentration adopts GB 11894-89 'determination of water quality-total nitrogen-alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry'.
First, compositions were prepared according to the proportions and formulations of table 1.
TABLE 1 formulation and proportions of the compositions
The ammonia nitrogen concentration of the coal gasification sewage generated by a certain petrochemical enterprise is 350mg/L and the total nitrogen concentration is 250-370mg/L, COD is 1000mg/L and 500-1000 mg/L. After the existing synchronous nitrification and denitrification process is adopted for treatment, the effluent total nitrogen cannot reach the standard, and the condition that the ammonia nitrogen does not reach the standard often occurs. The invention simulates an industrial device, an airlift reactor with the effective volume of 5L is adopted in a laboratory for processing, the sludge of the industrial device is inoculated according to the sludge concentration of 4000mg/L, the reactor adopts an intermediate aeration mode, the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 0.1-3mg/L, the temperature is 25-35 ℃, the pH is 7.5-8.5, and the reflux ratio of mixed liquid is 30. In the reaction process, the composition No. 1-8 is added according to the concentration of the composition in the inlet water of 0.05mg/L, marked as examples 1-7 and comparative example 1, and the control without adding is set as comparative example 2. The composition is added once every other day, and after the addition is carried out for 15 days, the addition is stopped when the total nitrogen concentration of effluent is lower than 40 mg/L. The system continues to operate for 15 days, and samples are taken every day to detect the quality of the effluent. Specific statistical results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 treatment effect by adding different compositions
As can be seen from the data in the table 2, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent is always lower than 8mg/L and the total nitrogen concentration is always lower than 30mg/L after the composition is used, so that stable synchronous nitrification and denitrification are realized.