CN111098383B - Method for manufacturing environment-friendly artificial board by cotton stalks - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing environment-friendly artificial board by cotton stalks Download PDF

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CN111098383B
CN111098383B CN201911300416.4A CN201911300416A CN111098383B CN 111098383 B CN111098383 B CN 111098383B CN 201911300416 A CN201911300416 A CN 201911300416A CN 111098383 B CN111098383 B CN 111098383B
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cotton
artificial board
pressure
friendly artificial
solvent
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CN111098383A (en
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杨明
宋延林
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Institute of Chemistry CAS
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Institute of Chemistry CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/12—Moulding of mats from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/20—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses
    • B27N3/203—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses with heating or cooling means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing an environment-friendly artificial board by cotton stalks and the environment-friendly artificial board obtained by the method. The invention obtains no pollution (the formaldehyde release amount is superior to E) by recycling the residual cotton straws in the cotton production0Standard), excellent mechanical property, simple production process and low cost. The artificial board utilizes cotton straws to replace wood raw materials, converts the cotton straws into the biomass adhesive through chemical modification, fully realizes the raw material conversion and the full utilization of the cotton straws, changes the cotton straws into valuables, obtains the green artificial board with the full cotton straws, and is particularly suitable for solving the problem of processing the waste cotton straws in the cotton production area in China.

Description

Method for manufacturing environment-friendly artificial board by cotton stalks
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of board manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing an environment-friendly artificial board by using cotton stalks and the environment-friendly artificial board obtained by using the method.
Background art:
as the name suggests, the artificial board is a board made by adding chemical adhesives to leftover wastes generated in the processing process of wood. The artificial boards are in many kinds, and shaving boards, medium density boards, core boards (large core boards), plywood boards, fire-proof boards and the like are commonly used. They have different characteristics and are used in different manufacturing fields. The innovations (excluding machines, equipment, etc.) of artificial boards applied in the material field are generally divided into two categories: 1 for the raw material; 2 for adhesives.
1 wherein innovations in feedstock have mainly focused on how to effectively replace traditional wood feedstocks, such as: chinese patent CN 101544010a reports a method for replacing wood with cotton stalk, which uses isocyanate or urea-formaldehyde resin as adhesive to make artificial board of cotton stalk after the cotton stalk is treated by specific process. Chinese patents CN1796071A and CN107398981A report methods of using cotton stalks to replace wood materials, and after the cotton stalks are treated by a specific process, the artificial cotton stalk boards are obtained by using sizing adhesives of urea-formaldehyde glue or melamine modified urea-formaldehyde glue. Chinese patents CN108189192A and CN108162095A report that artificial straw boards are obtained from straws (wheat straw and rice straw) by using isocyanate adhesives after being treated by a specific process.
The method is characterized in that straws are crushed and screened by a physical method to replace wood raw materials such as wood chips or wood fibers and the like adopted by the traditional artificial board, and the straws are matched with traditional adhesives such as urea-formaldehyde resin and the like, or isocyanate adhesives which are not commonly used in the traditional artificial board industry but are more expensive (20 times of urea-formaldehyde resin) in raw material price and excellent in performance are adopted according to the characteristics of the straws to produce the artificial board.
2 aiming at the innovation of the artificial board adhesive, the artificial board adhesive mainly focuses on replacing the formaldehyde-formaldehyde adhesive represented by urea-formaldehyde resin, phenolic resin and melamine formaldehyde resin.
For example: chinese patent CN108949079A reports that an adhesive taking epoxy resin as a main body replaces the traditional formaldehyde-type adhesive and obtains excellent water resistance. Chinese patent CN106363759A reports that a starch adhesive is used as a main substitute for traditional formaldehyde glue, and is applicable to artificial boards made of partial straw. Chinese patent CN105153998A reports a scheme of combining a cross-linking agent (epoxy resin, isocyanate and the like), a reinforcing agent (water-resistant emulsion, liquid rubber and the like) and soybean protein to replace the traditional formaldehyde-free glue of an artificial board. Chinese patent CN106047186A reports a method for obtaining an aldehyde-free artificial board by using an aqueous polyamide modified resin to replace a formaldehyde-free glue. Chinese patent CN103184032A reports an adhesive mainly containing soy protein (compounded with curing agent, insect-proofing agent, etc.), which replaces the traditional formaldehyde-type glue to prepare artificial board with soybean gum.
Therefore, for the adhesive of the artificial board, innovation is mainly focused on how to replace or improve the traditional formaldehyde-formaldehyde adhesive, and the environment friendliness, excellent performance, superior price, good processing performance and the like are realized.
Other patents relate to the manufacture of non-glued wood-based panels, such as: chinese patent CN103358377A reports a method for preparing a 'glue-free' environment-friendly artificial board by using steam-exploded straws as raw materials and activating and hot-pressing by an alkaline process, which is essentially characterized in that lignin in the raw materials is dissolved out under an alkaline condition, and the lignin and polysaccharide in the raw materials are subjected to condensation reaction under a high-temperature condition to form a gluing effect. Chinese patent CN109571703A reports that by adding an auxiliary agent, straw is used as a main raw material to spontaneously polymerize under high temperature to form a formaldehyde-free artificial board.
These patents essentially aim to realize the preparation of artificial boards from single or raw material sources by utilizing the characteristics of raw materials (straws) (which can replace wood chips and have the possibility of becoming adhesives) as much as possible, and the artificial boards without adhesives mainly mean the artificial boards without external adhesives. In the actual application process of the innovation, the problems of difficult process in the preparation process of the artificial board and insufficient performance of the artificial board can be encountered.
The main disadvantage of the innovation direction in the field of artificial boards is that the problem of trialdehyde glue pollution in the traditional artificial board industry is difficult to solve by a scheme which is low in cost and feasible. The main symptoms are that the requirements of easily obtained raw materials, environment-friendly adhesive, simple and easy preparation process and excellent performance of the artificial board are difficult to meet simultaneously.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing an environment-friendly artificial board by using cotton stalks, and the formaldehyde release rate of the environment-friendly artificial board manufactured by the method is superior to that of E0High grade, low cost and excellent performance.
The invention separates lignin and cellulose in the cotton stalk by a solvent pressurization liquefaction mode. Wherein the lignin is partially liquefied and dissolved by the solvent under pressure and partially decomposed into filtrate, and the filtrate is subjected to pressure distillation to remove the solvent to obtain the biological oil rich in phenolic structures. Wherein the cellulose part is liquefied under pressure and then can not be dissolved in a solvent to obtain a filter cake rich in a large amount of cellulose, and a large amount of aldehyde substances are generated by oxidizing the filter cake with an oxidizing agent. The cotton stalk adhesive which can form a thermal crosslinking structure is formed by biological oil rich in phenolic substances and oxidized filter cakes rich in a large amount of aldehyde substances.
The environment-friendly artificial board provided by the invention comprises 60-98 wt% of cotton straw wood fiber component and 2-40 wt% of cotton straw adhesive.
The preparation method of the cotton straw wood fiber component comprises the following steps: separating the recovered cotton straw with cotton bolls and roots removed, removing branches, leaves, cortex and medulla, and reserving for later use, and screening, crushing and drying the remaining wood part to obtain the wood fiber component of the cotton straw.
The separation treatment mode is air separation treatment; the crushing adopts a crusher or a steam explosion machine; the moisture content of the dried wood fiber component is 3-5 wt%.
The preparation method of the cotton stalk adhesive comprises the following steps: crushing branches, leaves, cortex and medulla of the separated cotton straws to obtain crushed materials of 40-120 meshes, and then adding a solvent, wherein the mass ratio of the crushed materials to the solvent is 1:4-1:7, preferably 1:5-1: 6; treating for 10-300 min by pressurizing and liquefying at 60-180 deg.C and 0.1-1 MPa; filtering with 200 mesh filter screen after liquefaction, and separating filtrate from filter cake; adding an oxidant solution into the filter cake for oxidation treatment, wherein the mass ratio of the filter cake to the oxidant is 7:1-1: 2; and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to obtain a liquefied substance, recycling the solvent, and mixing the liquefied substance and the filter cake slurry after oxidation treatment to form the cotton stalk adhesive.
The solvent is alcohol, phenol or a mixed solvent consisting of alcohol and phenol.
The alcohol is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, etc.; the phenols are selected from one or more of phenol, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol and hydroquinone.
The solvent also contains water, and the content of the water is not more than 40 wt%.
The oxidant is one or more of hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium hypochlorite and sodium perborate.
The temperature of the oxidation treatment is 25-70 ℃, and the treatment time is 40-100 minutes.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly artificial board comprises the following steps: mixing the cotton straw wood fiber component with a cotton straw adhesive, and then paving the mixture into a plate blank; hot-pressing the plate blank at the temperature of 120-160 ℃, wherein the hot-pressing pressure is 1-4MPa, and the hot-pressing time is 5-30 seconds/mm of the thickness of the plate; and after pressing, releasing pressure, cooling and cutting edges to obtain the environment-friendly artificial board.
The surface of the cotton stalk is rich in waxy substances which are difficult to wet by adhesives, and a large amount of silicon elements are concentrated, so that great difficulty is brought to the manufacture of artificial boards by taking cotton stalks as raw materials, on one hand, the wood fiber components of the cotton stalks are difficult to infiltrate into common adhesives and then difficult to combine, and on the other hand, ash impurities and the like in the cotton stalks are difficult to treat. The cotton stalk adhesive prepared by the invention creatively adopts a liquefaction treatment method, so that the soluble part and the insoluble part in cotton stalks are separated, and the insoluble part is subjected to oxidation treatment, so that the obtained adhesive not only keeps the property of being infiltrated with the wood fiber component of the cotton stalks, but also effectively enables ash content of silicon-containing elements in the cotton stalks to be uniformly distributed in the adhesive, the crosslinking performance of the adhesive is not influenced, and finally, an artificial board with good mechanical property is obtained.
The invention obtains no pollution (the formaldehyde release amount is better than E) by recycling the cotton straws and the residues produced by cotton production0Standard), excellent mechanical property, simple production process and low cost. The artificial board utilizes cotton straws to replace wood fiber raw materials, converts the cotton straws into the biomass adhesive through chemical modification, fully realizes the raw material conversion and the full utilization of the cotton straws, changes the cotton straws into valuables, obtains the green artificial board with the full cotton straws, and is particularly suitable for solving the problem of waste cotton straw treatment in cotton production areas in China.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the method for manufacturing artificial environmentally friendly board from cotton stalk and the artificial environmentally friendly board obtained by the method according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
5000g of cotton stalks with cotton bolls and roots removed are separated by a manual mode, branches, leaves, cortex and pith are removed, 3000g of cotton stalk wood fiber components are obtained, and the cotton stalk wood fiber components are processed into shavings crushed aggregates by a ring flaker and dried in a blast oven until the final water content is 3 wt% for later use.
2000g of the raw materials of branches, leaves, cortex and medulla of the cotton stalks separated by hand are added into a pulverizer to be pulverized to be below 80 meshes, 1000g of the pulverized powder is taken, a mixed solvent consisting of 600g of water, 4800g of ethanol and 600g of phenol is added, then the mixture is added into a 10L high-pressure stainless steel reaction kettle, the temperature is increased from 25 ℃ to 120 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃ per minute, the mixture is stirred at the speed of 400r/min, the pressure in the reaction kettle is controlled to be 0.8MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 20 minutes. And after the reaction is finished, rapidly introducing cooling water to reduce the temperature in the reaction kettle to 25 ℃, closing the stirring device, and then opening an exhaust valve to release the pressure. The reaction vessel was opened, and the pressure-liquefied product was filtered through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain 400g of a cake and 6500g of a filtrate. Adding 200g of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide and 200g of ethanol into 400g of filter cake, placing the mixture into a 5L normal pressure enamel reaction kettle, heating from 25 ℃ to 60 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃ per minute, reacting for 60 minutes, stirring at the speed of 400r/min, and obtaining 800g of mixture after the reaction is finished. And (3) carrying out reduced pressure distillation on the filtrate obtained by pressurizing the liquefied product to remove redundant solvent to obtain 500g of liquefied substance, and uniformly stirring the liquefied substance and the oxidized filter cake slurry together to obtain 1300g of the cotton stalk adhesive.
2000g of dried and crushed cotton straw wood fiber crushed material is added with 300g of cotton straw adhesive, the mixture is placed into a grinding tool after uniform mixing, artificial board blanks with the thickness of 90mm are paved, the artificial board blanks are placed into a hot press, the pressure is gradually increased under 1-4MPa, the hot pressing temperature is 160 ℃, the hot pressing time is 100 seconds, the compression ratio is 4.5:1, and the thickness of the final product plate is 20 mm. And after pressing, cooling, and cutting edges to obtain 6.5 square meters of the environment-friendly artificial board.
Example 2
10000Kg of cotton stalks with cotton bolls and roots removed are separated by a cotton stalk bark-core separator and a crusher, branches, leaves, cortex and pith are removed by winnowing to obtain 7000Kg of cotton stalk wood fiber components, and the cotton stalk wood fiber components are processed into shavings crushed aggregates by a ring flaker and then dried by a drum dryer until the final water content is 4 wt% for later use.
3000Kg of cotton stalk branches, leaves, cortex and pith obtained by air separation are crushed to below 80 mesh by a crusher, 1000Kg of crushed powder is taken, a mixed solvent consisting of 3000Kg of ethanol and 3000Kg of phenol is added, the mixture is added into a 10000L high-pressure stainless steel reaction kettle, the temperature is raised from 25 ℃ to 120 ℃ at 5 ℃ per minute, the mixture is stirred at the speed of 400r/min, the pressure in the reaction kettle is controlled to be 0.8MPa, and the temperature and the pressure are kept for 20 minutes. And after the reaction is finished, rapidly introducing cooling saline water to reduce the temperature in the reaction kettle to 25 ℃, closing the stirring device, and then opening an exhaust valve to release pressure. The reaction kettle is opened, and the direct pressurized liquefied product is filtered by a 200-mesh filter cloth to obtain 400Kg of filter cake and 6500Kg of filtrate.
Adding 200Kg of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide and 200Kg of ethanol into 400Kg of filter cake, placing the mixture into a 1500L normal pressure enamel reaction kettle, and reacting for 60 minutes at 60 ℃ to obtain 800Kg of mixture slurry.
And (3) distilling the filtrate of the pressurized liquefaction product at 100 ℃ under reduced pressure to remove redundant solvent, recycling and reusing to obtain 500Kg of liquefaction product, and uniformly stirring the liquefaction product and the oxidized filter cake mixture slurry together to obtain 1300Kg of cotton stalk adhesive. 5000Kg of crushed dried cotton straw wood fiber particles are added with 750Kg of cotton straw adhesive, evenly mixed and then placed into a grinding tool to be paved into artificial board blanks with the thickness of 90mm, the artificial board blanks are placed into a hot press, the pressure is gradually increased under 1-4MPa, the hot pressing temperature is 160 ℃, the hot pressing time is 100 seconds, the compression ratio is 4.5:1, and the thickness of the final product plate is 20 mm. And cooling after pressing is finished, and cutting edges to obtain 380 square meters of the environment-friendly artificial board.
Example 3
Removing 10000Kg of cotton stalks from cotton bolls and roots, separating the cotton stalk cores from the cotton stalk barks by adopting a cotton stalk bark-core separator, removing branches, leaves, barks and piths by winnowing to obtain 7000Kg of cotton stalk wood fiber components, cutting the cotton stalks to be less than 5cm, filling the cotton stalks into an air explosion tank, introducing high-pressure steam, maintaining the pressure for 10 minutes under the steam pressure of 1.5MPa, releasing the pressure to obtain the steam explosion cotton stalks, and drying the cotton stalks until the final water content is 5 wt% for later use.
Adding 3000Kg of the rest cotton stalk branches, leaves, cortex and pith into a pulverizer to pulverize to below 80 meshes, taking 1000Kg of the pulverized powder, adding a mixed solvent composed of 3000Kg of ethanol and 3000Kg of phenol into a 10000L high-pressure reaction kettle, heating to 120 ℃ per minute at 5 ℃, stirring at the speed of 400r/min, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 0.8MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 20 minutes. And after the reaction is finished, rapidly introducing cooling water to reduce the temperature in the reaction kettle to room temperature, closing the stirring device, and then opening an exhaust valve to release the pressure. The reaction kettle is opened, and the direct pressure liquefaction product is filtered by a 200-mesh filter screen to obtain 400Kg of filter cake and 6500Kg of filtrate.
Adding 200Kg of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide and 200Kg of ethanol into 400Kg of filter cake, placing the mixture into a 1500L normal pressure enamel reaction kettle, and reacting for 40 minutes at 70 ℃ to obtain 800Kg of mixture slurry.
And removing redundant solvent from the filtrate through reduced pressure distillation to obtain 500Kg of liquefied matter, and uniformly stirring the liquefied matter and the oxidized filter cake mixture slurry together to obtain 1300Kg of cotton stalk adhesive.
5000Kg of dried steam exploded cotton stalks are added with 500Kg of cotton stalk adhesive to be evenly mixed, and the mixture is paved into a product with the thickness of 90mm, the compression ratio of 5:1, the thickness of the product plate of 18mm, the pressure of 1-4MPa which is gradually increased, the hot pressing temperature of 160 ℃ and the hot pressing time of 100 seconds. And cooling after pressing is finished, and cutting edges to obtain 380 square meters of the environment-friendly artificial board.
Example 4
10000Kg of cotton stalks with cotton bolls and roots removed are separated from cotton stalk skins by a cotton stalk skin-core separator, branches, leaves, skins and piths are removed by winnowing to obtain 7000Kg of cotton stalk wood fiber components, and the cotton stalk wood fiber components are processed into shaving crushed aggregates by a flaker and dried to the final water content of 3 wt% for later use.
Winnowing 3000Kg of the rest cotton stalk branches, leaves, cortex and pith, adding into a pulverizer, pulverizing to below 80 mesh, taking 1000Kg of the pulverized powder, adding into a mixed solvent (water 1200Kg, methanol 1200Kg, phenol 3600Kg), adding into a 10000L high-pressure reaction kettle, heating to 100 deg.C per minute at 5 deg.C, stirring at 400r/min, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to 0.12MPa, and maintaining the temperature and pressure for 20 min. And after the reaction is finished, rapidly introducing cooling water to reduce the temperature in the reaction kettle to room temperature, closing the stirring device, and then opening an exhaust valve to release the pressure. The reaction kettle is opened, and the liquefied product is filtered by a 200-mesh filter screen to obtain 500Kg of filter cake and 6500Kg of filtrate.
Adding 250Kg of 30% hydrogen peroxide and 150Kg of ethanol into 500Kg of filter cake, placing the mixture into a 1500L normal pressure enamel reaction kettle, and reacting for 80 minutes at 50 ℃ to obtain 900Kg of mixture slurry.
And removing redundant solvent from the filtrate through reduced pressure distillation to obtain 500Kg of liquefied matter, and uniformly stirring the liquefied matter and the oxidized filter cake mixture slurry together to obtain 1400Kg of cotton stalk adhesive.
5000Kg of crushed dried cotton straw wood fiber particles are added with 750Kg of cotton straw adhesive to be mixed, and the mixture is paved into a product with the thickness of 90mm, the compression ratio of 4.5:1, the thickness of the product plate of 20mm, the pressure of 1-4MPa, the pressure is gradually increased, the hot pressing temperature is 160 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 100 seconds. And cooling after pressing is finished, and cutting edges to obtain 380 square meters of the environment-friendly artificial board.
Example 5
10000Kg of cotton stalks with cotton bolls and roots removed are separated from cotton stalk skins by a cotton stalk skin-core separator, branches, leaves, skins and piths are removed by winnowing, and the wood fiber component of the cotton stalks is 7000Kg, processed into wood shavings by a flaker, and dried to the final water content of 3 wt% for later use.
Winnowing 3000Kg of the rest cotton stalk branches, leaves, cortex and pith, adding into a pulverizer, pulverizing to below 80 mesh, taking 1000Kg of the pulverized powder, adding into a mixed solvent (3000 Kg of ethanol and 3000Kg of methanol), adding into a 10000L high-pressure reaction kettle, heating to 60 ℃ per minute at 5 ℃, stirring at the speed of 400r/min, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 0.12MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 300 minutes. And after the reaction is finished, rapidly introducing cooling water to reduce the temperature in the reaction kettle to room temperature, closing the stirring device, and then opening an exhaust valve to release the pressure. The reaction kettle is opened, and the direct pressure liquefaction product is filtered by a 200-mesh filter screen to obtain 700Kg of filter cake and 6300Kg of filtrate.
Adding 300Kg of sodium perborate and 100Kg of water into 700Kg of filter cake, placing the mixture into a 1500L normal pressure enamel reaction kettle, and reacting for 100 minutes at 60 ℃ to obtain 1100Kg of mixture slurry.
The filtrate is decompressed and distilled to remove excessive solvent to obtain 300Kg of liquefied matter, and the liquefied matter and the oxidized filter cake mixture slurry are uniformly stirred together to obtain 1400Kg of cotton stalk adhesive.
5000Kg of crushed dried cotton straw wood fiber particles are added with 1000Kg of cotton straw adhesive to be mixed, and the mixture is paved into a product with the thickness of 90mm, the compression ratio of 4.5:1, the thickness of the product plate of 20mm, the pressure of 1-4MPa, the pressure is gradually increased, the hot pressing temperature is 160 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 100 seconds. And cooling after pressing is finished, and cutting edges to obtain 380 square meters of the environment-friendly artificial board.
Example 6
10000Kg of cotton stalks with cotton bolls and roots removed are separated from cotton stalk skins by a cotton stalk skin-core separator, branches, leaves, skins and piths are removed by winnowing to obtain 7000Kg of cotton stalk wood fiber components, and the cotton stalk wood fiber components are processed into shaving crushed aggregates by a flaker and dried to the final water content of 3 wt% for later use.
And (2) winnowing 3000Kg of the rest cotton stalk branches, leaves, cortex and pith, adding the cotton stalk branches, leaves, cortex and pith into a pulverizer, pulverizing to below 80 meshes, taking 1000Kg of the pulverized powder, adding 6000Kg of phenol serving as a solvent into a 10000L high-pressure reaction kettle, heating to 130 ℃ per minute at 5 ℃, stirring at the speed of 400r/min, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 0.5MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 150 minutes. And after the reaction is finished, rapidly introducing cooling water to reduce the temperature in the reaction kettle to room temperature, closing the stirring device, and then opening an exhaust valve to release the pressure. The reaction kettle is opened, and the direct pressure liquefaction product is filtered by a 200-mesh filter screen to obtain 200Kg of filter cake and 6800Kg of filtrate.
400Kg of 10 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution was added to 20Kg of the filter cake, and the mixture was reacted in a 1500L enamel reactor at 40 ℃ for 60 minutes to obtain 600Kg of slurry.
The filtrate is decompressed and distilled to remove excessive solvent to obtain 800Kg of liquefied matter, and the liquefied matter and the oxidized filter cake mixture slurry are uniformly stirred together to obtain 1400Kg of cotton stalk adhesive.
5000Kg of crushed dried cotton straw wood fiber particles are added with 750Kg of cotton straw adhesive to be mixed, and the mixture is paved into a product with the thickness of 90mm, the compression ratio of 4.5:1, the thickness of the product plate of 20mm, the pressure of 1-4MPa, the pressure is gradually increased, the hot pressing temperature is 150 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 100 seconds. And cooling after pressing is finished, and cutting edges to obtain 380 square meters of the environment-friendly artificial board.
Example 7
10000Kg of cotton stalks with cotton bolls and roots removed are separated from cotton stalk skins by a cotton stalk skin-core separator, branches, leaves, skins and piths are removed by winnowing to obtain 7000Kg of cotton stalk wood fiber components, and the cotton stalk wood fiber components are processed into shaving crushed aggregates by a flaker and dried to the final water content of 3 wt% for later use.
Winnowing the rest cotton stalk, leaves, cortex and pith 3000Kg, adding into a pulverizer, pulverizing to below 80 mesh, taking 1000Kg of the pulverized powder, adding into a mixed solvent (n-butanol 3000Kg, m-cresol 3000Kg), adding into a high-pressure reaction kettle, heating to 120 deg.C at 5 deg.C per minute, stirring at 400r/min, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to 0.8MPa, and maintaining the temperature and pressure for 40 min. And after the reaction is finished, rapidly introducing cooling water to reduce the temperature in the reaction kettle to room temperature, closing the stirring device, and then opening an exhaust valve to release the pressure. The reaction kettle is opened, and the liquefied product is filtered by a 200-mesh filter screen to obtain 400Kg of filter cake and 6500Kg of filtrate.
Adding 200Kg of 30% hydrogen peroxide and 200Kg of ethanol into 400Kg of filter cake, placing the mixture into a 1500L normal pressure enamel reaction kettle, and reacting for 90 minutes at 60 ℃ to obtain 800Kg of mixture slurry.
And removing redundant solvent from the filtrate through reduced pressure distillation to obtain 500Kg of liquefied matter, and uniformly stirring the liquefied matter and the oxidized filter cake mixture slurry together to obtain 1300Kg of cotton stalk adhesive.
5000Kg of crushed dried cotton straw wood fiber particles are added with 750Kg of cotton straw adhesive to be mixed and paved into pieces with the thickness of 90mm, the compression ratio of 4.5:1, the thickness of the product plate of 20mm, the pressure of 1-4MPa, the pressure is gradually increased, the hot pressing temperature is 160 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 100 seconds. And cooling after pressing is finished, and cutting edges to obtain 380 square meters of the environment-friendly artificial board.
Example 8
Removing 10000Kg of cotton stalks from cotton bolls and roots, separating the cotton stalk cores from the cotton stalk barks by adopting a cotton stalk bark-core separator, removing branches, leaves, barks and piths by winnowing, obtaining 7000Kg of cotton stalk wood fiber components, cutting the cotton stalks to be less than 5cm, filling the cotton stalks into an air explosion tank, introducing high-pressure steam, maintaining the pressure for 10 minutes under the steam pressure of 1.5MPa, releasing the pressure, obtaining the steam explosion cotton stalks, and drying the cotton stalks until the final water content is 3 wt% for later use.
Adding 3000Kg of the rest cotton stalk branches, leaves, cortex and pith into a pulverizer to pulverize to below 80 meshes, taking 1000Kg of the pulverized powder, adding mixed solvent (ethylene glycol 3000Kg and o-cresol 3000Kg), adding into a high-pressure reaction kettle, heating to 180 ℃ per minute at 5 ℃, stirring at the speed of 400r/min, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 1MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 100 minutes. And after the reaction is finished, rapidly introducing cooling water to reduce the temperature in the reaction kettle to room temperature, closing the stirring device, and then opening an exhaust valve to release the pressure. The reaction kettle is opened, and the direct pressure liquefaction product is filtered by a 200-mesh filter screen to obtain 400Kg of filter cake and 6500Kg of filtrate.
Adding 300Kg of sodium percarbonate and 100Kg of ethanol into 400Kg of filter cake, placing the mixture into a 1500L normal pressure enamel reaction kettle, and reacting for 70 minutes at 40 ℃ to obtain 800Kg of mixture slurry.
And removing redundant solvent from the filtrate through reduced pressure distillation to obtain 500Kg of liquefied matter, and uniformly stirring the liquefied matter and the oxidized filter cake mixture slurry together to obtain 1300Kg of cotton stalk adhesive.
5000Kg of dried steam exploded cotton stalks are added with 1000Kg of cotton stalk adhesive to be mixed and paved into pieces with the thickness of 90mm, the compression ratio of 5:1, the thickness of the product plate of 18mm, the pressure of 1-4MPa which is gradually increased, the hot pressing temperature of 160 ℃ and the hot pressing time of 100 seconds. And cooling after pressing is finished, and cutting edges to obtain 380 square meters of the environment-friendly artificial board.
Example 9
10000Kg of cotton stalks with cotton bolls and roots removed are separated from cotton stalk skins by a cotton stalk skin-core separator, branches, leaves, skins and piths are removed by winnowing to obtain 7000Kg of cotton stalk wood fiber components, and the cotton stalk wood fiber components are processed into shaving crushed aggregates by a flaker and dried to the final water content of 3 wt% for later use.
Winnowing 3000Kg of the rest cotton stalk branches, leaves, cortex and pith, adding into a pulverizer, pulverizing to below 80 mesh, taking 1000Kg of the pulverized powder, adding mixed solvent (water 1000Kg, glycerol 2000Kg and p-cresol 3000Kg), adding into a 10000L high-pressure reaction kettle, heating to 140 ℃ per minute at 5 ℃, stirring at 400r/min, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 0.2MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 250 minutes. And after the reaction is finished, rapidly introducing cooling water to reduce the temperature in the reaction kettle to room temperature, closing the stirring device, and then opening an exhaust valve to release the pressure. The reaction kettle is opened, and the liquefied product is filtered by a 200-mesh filter screen to obtain 500Kg of filter cake and 6400Kg of filtrate.
Adding 300Kg of sodium percarbonate and 100Kg of ethanol into 500Kg of filter cake, placing the mixture into a 1500L normal pressure enamel reaction kettle, and reacting for 70 minutes at 40 ℃ to obtain 900Kg of mixture slurry.
The filtrate is decompressed and distilled to remove excessive solvent to obtain 400Kg of liquefied matter, and the liquefied matter and the oxidized filter cake mixture slurry are uniformly stirred together to obtain 1300Kg of cotton stalk adhesive.
5000Kg of crushed dried cotton straw wood fiber particles are added with 450 cotton straw adhesives to be mixed, and the mixture is paved into a product with the thickness of 90mm, the compression ratio of 4.5:1, the thickness of the product plate of 20mm, the pressure of 1-4MPa, the pressure gradually increased, the hot pressing temperature of 130 ℃, and the hot pressing time of 100 seconds. And cooling after pressing is finished, and cutting edges to obtain 380 square meters of the environment-friendly artificial board.
Example 10
10000Kg of cotton stalks with cotton bolls and roots removed are separated from cotton stalk skins by a cotton stalk skin-core separator, branches, leaves, skins and piths are removed by winnowing to obtain 7000Kg of cotton stalk wood fiber components, and the cotton stalk wood fiber components are processed into shaving crushed aggregates by a flaker and dried to the final water content of 3 wt% for later use.
Winnowing 3000Kg of the rest cotton stalk branches, leaves, cortex and pith, adding into a pulverizer, pulverizing to below 80 mesh, taking 1000Kg of the pulverized powder, adding into a mixed solvent (2-propanol 3000Kg, hydroquinone 3000Kg), adding into a 10000L high-pressure reaction kettle, heating to 150 deg.C per minute at 5 deg.C, stirring at 400r/min, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to 0.6MPa, and maintaining the temperature and pressure for 90 min. And after the reaction is finished, rapidly introducing cooling water to reduce the temperature in the reaction kettle to room temperature, closing the stirring device, and then opening an exhaust valve to release the pressure. The reaction kettle is opened, and the liquefied product is filtered by a 200-mesh filter screen to obtain 400Kg of filter cake and 6600Kg of filtrate.
Adding 200Kg of 30% hydrogen peroxide and 200Kg of ethanol into 400Kg of filter cake, and reacting at 60 ℃ for 60 minutes to obtain 800Kg of mixture slurry.
The filtrate is decompressed and distilled to remove the excessive solvent to obtain 600Kg of liquefied substance, and the liquefied substance and the oxidized filter cake mixture slurry are uniformly stirred together to obtain 1400Kg of cotton stalk adhesive.
5000Kg of crushed dried cotton straw wood fiber particles are added into 1250Kg of cotton straw adhesive to be mixed and paved into pieces with the thickness of 90mm, the compression ratio of 4.5:1, the thickness of the product plate of 20mm, the pressure of 1-4MPa, the pressure is gradually increased, the hot pressing temperature is 160 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 100 seconds. And cooling after pressing is finished, and cutting edges to obtain 380 square meters of the environment-friendly artificial board.
The performance and formaldehyde emission (GB/T17657-2013) of the environment-friendly artificial board obtained in the embodiments 1-10 are tested according to the national standard, and the preparation process of the environment-friendly adhesive has no three-waste emission and meets the environment-friendly requirement; no three wastes discharge in the artificial board preparation process, full utilization of straws and guarantee that the formaldehyde emission is superior to E0And (4) standard. The results are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0002320792510000101

Claims (9)

1. an environment-friendly artificial board is characterized by comprising 60-98 wt% of cotton straw wood fiber component and 2-40 wt% of cotton straw adhesive;
the preparation method of the cotton stalk adhesive comprises the following steps: crushing branches, leaves, cortex and medulla of the separated cotton straws to obtain crushed materials of 40-120 meshes, and then adding a solvent, wherein the mass ratio of the crushed materials to the solvent is 1:4-1: 7; treating for 10-300 min by pressurizing and liquefying at 60-180 deg.C and 0.1-1 MPa; filtering with 200 mesh filter screen after liquefaction, and separating filtrate from filter cake; adding an oxidant solution into the filter cake for oxidation treatment, wherein the mass ratio of the filter cake to the oxidant is 7:1-1: 2; and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to obtain a liquefied substance, recycling the solvent, and mixing the liquefied substance and the filter cake slurry after oxidation treatment to form the cotton stalk adhesive.
2. The environmentally friendly artificial board of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the cotton straw wood fiber component comprises the following steps: separating the recovered cotton straw with cotton bolls and roots removed, removing branches, leaves, cortex and medulla, and reserving for later use, and screening, crushing and drying the remaining wood part to obtain the wood fiber component of the cotton straw.
3. The environmentally friendly artificial board according to claim 2, wherein the separation treatment is a winnowing treatment; the crushing adopts a crusher or a steam explosion machine; the moisture content of the dried wood fiber component is 3-5 wt%.
4. The environmentally friendly artificial board according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is an alcohol, a phenol, or a mixed solvent of an alcohol and a phenol.
5. The environmentally friendly artificial board according to claim 4, wherein the alcohol is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, etc.; the phenols are selected from one or more of phenol, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol and hydroquinone.
6. The environmentally friendly artificial board of claim 4, wherein the solvent further comprises water, and the water content is not more than 40 wt%.
7. The environmentally friendly artificial board according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent is one or more selected from hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium hypochlorite and sodium perborate.
8. The environmentally friendly artificial board according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the oxidation treatment is 25 to 70 ℃ and the treatment time is 40 to 100 minutes.
9. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly artificial board according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: mixing the cotton straw wood fiber component with a cotton straw adhesive, and then paving the mixture into a plate blank; hot-pressing the plate blank at the temperature of 120-160 ℃, wherein the hot-pressing pressure is 1-4MPa, and the hot-pressing time is 5-30 seconds/mm of the thickness of the plate; and after pressing, releasing pressure, cooling and cutting edges to obtain the environment-friendly artificial board.
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