CN111094858A - Sheet for total heat exchange element, total heat exchanger, and water vapor separator - Google Patents
Sheet for total heat exchange element, total heat exchanger, and water vapor separator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111094858A CN111094858A CN201880060769.9A CN201880060769A CN111094858A CN 111094858 A CN111094858 A CN 111094858A CN 201880060769 A CN201880060769 A CN 201880060769A CN 111094858 A CN111094858 A CN 111094858A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 72
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/0213—Silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/107—Organic support material
- B01D69/1071—Woven, non-woven or net mesh
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
- B01D71/10—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/147—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification with both heat and humidity transfer between supplied and exhausted air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The sheet for total heat exchange elements of the present invention comprises a porous member mainly composed of organic fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 to 100 [ mu ] m, and a film provided on the porous member and containing inorganic fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 to 50nm and containing OH groups.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment relates to a sheet for a total heat exchange element, a total heat exchanger, and a water vapor separator.
Background
In recent years, reduction of energy to be used has been demanded from the viewpoints of protection of the global environment, reduction of carbon dioxide, shortage of energy, and the like. Residential spaces such as houses and buildings require obligatory ventilation in accordance with the building reference law, but have a problem of air conditioning energy loss due to ventilation. Consider that: a total heat exchanger, which is one of air conditioners, suppresses heat loss by exchanging total heat (sensible heat (temperature) and latent heat (humidity)) between air inside a building and air outside the building, which have been subjected to temperature and humidity adjustment, and is effective for energy saving.
The conventional total heat exchange element uses a sheet for total heat exchange element made of specially processed paper, and exchanges sensible heat and latent heat while suppressing mixing of indoor air and outdoor air, but the total heat exchange efficiency is low around 70%. By replacing the sheet for total heat exchange element with a material having a higher exchange efficiency, a more energy-saving total heat exchanger can be realized.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese examined patent publication No. 61-058759
Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2004-154457
Patent document 3: japanese patent application laid-open No. 2010-234213
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
The problem to be solved by the embodiments is to improve the separation rate of water vapor and gases other than water vapor by using a sheet for a total heat exchange element.
Means for solving the problems
The sheet for total heat exchange elements according to an embodiment comprises a porous member and a film provided on the porous member, wherein the porous member contains an organic fiber having a fiber diameter of 1 to 100 [ mu ] m as a main component, and the film contains an inorganic fiber having a fiber diameter of 1 to 50nm and having OH groups.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a sheet for a total heat exchange element.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a partial structural example of a sheet for total heat exchange element.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the structure of the membrane.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the structure of a part of a sheet for total heat exchange element.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another configuration example of the sheet for total heat exchange element.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of the total heat exchange element.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of the total enthalpy heat exchanger.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. In each embodiment, substantially the same constituent portion is denoted by the same reference numeral, and a part of the description may be omitted. The drawings are schematic, and the relationship between the thickness and the plane size, the ratio of the thicknesses of the respective portions, and the like may be different from those in the actual case. Terms indicating directions such as up and down in the description may be different from actual directions based on the gravitational acceleration direction.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a sheet for a total heat exchange element. Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a partial configuration example of the sheet for total heat exchange element shown in fig. 1. The sheet 1 for total heat exchange element shown in fig. 1 and 2 includes a porous member 2 and a film 3 provided on the porous member 2. The laminate of the porous member 2 and the membrane 3 functions as a water vapor separator.
The outside air 7a passes through the surface of the membrane 3 mainly along the flow path and is discharged as the intake air 7 b. The blow-by gas 7c passes through the surface of the porous member 2 mainly along the flow path and is discharged as the exhaust gas 7 d. When the outside air 7a is higher in temperature and higher in humidity than the returned air 7c, the water vapor and heat contained in the outside air 7a move to the returned air 7c adjusted to a low humidity and a low temperature through the total heat exchange element sheet 1. When the outside air 7a is lower in temperature and lower in humidity than the return air 7c, the water vapor and heat (sensible heat and latent heat) contained in the return air 7c are transferred to the outside air 7a through the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element. In this manner, the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element can exchange total heat between the outside air 7a and the return air 7 c.
The outside air 7a and the return air 7c preferably pass through the surface of the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element along the flow path without contacting each other, to efficiently separate water vapor from other gases, and the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element is required to have a function of efficiently exchanging temperature and humidity, and in order to further improve the total heat exchange efficiency, it is preferable that both the water vapor transmission rate Vs and the separation rate α indicating the ability to separate water vapor from gases (air and the like) other than water vapor are high.
The sheet 1 for total heat exchange element had a water vapor transmission rate Vs of 50g/h/m2above/kPaMore preferably 80g/h/m2A pressure of 120g/h/m or more is more preferable2above/kPa. The water vapor transmission rate Vs of the sheet for total heat exchange element is represented by the following formula (1). If the water vapor permeation rate Vs of the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element is low, the total heat exchange efficiency may be reduced, and the loss as a total heat exchanger may be increased.
Water vapor Transmission Rate Vs (g/h/m) of the sheet 1 for Total Heat exchange element2kPa) ((amount of moisture (g) that has permeated through the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element))/(time (h) for moisture to permeate through the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element))/(area (m) of the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element)2) /(difference in Water vapor pressure (kPa) between both surfaces of the sheet 1 for Total Heat exchange element (1))
The total heat exchange element sheet 1 preferably has a separation ratio α of water vapor and a gas other than water vapor of 10 or more, more preferably 20 or more, and still more preferably 50 or more, and the separation ratio α is expressed by the following expression (2).
α [ (the number of moles of water permeating the total heat exchange element sheet 1)/(the number of moles of dry air in the exhaust gas 7 d) ]/[ (the number of moles of water in the outside gas 7 a)/(the number of moles of dry air in the outside gas 7 a) ] (2)
If the separation ratio α is too low, the separation of water vapor from the gas other than water vapor becomes difficult, and therefore the amount of air introduced into the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element may increase, resulting in an increase in loss of total heat exchange efficiency.
Further, the porous member 2 and the film 3 will be described below.
The porous member 2 mainly contains organic fibers 21 having a fiber diameter of 1 to 100 μm. The fiber diameter of the porous member 2 is more preferably 1 μm to 50 μm. The organic fiber 21 is preferable because it is flexible and low-cost. The organic fibers 21 may be provided in plural. The porous member 2 further has pores 22 between the organic fibers 21. The water vapor transmission rate Vs and the like can be increased by controlling the fiber diameter to 1 μm to 100 μm and controlling the pore diameter and the like. The porous member 2 containing the organic fibers 21 as a main component means that more than 50% by weight of the porous member 2 is the organic fibers 21. More preferably, more than 75% by weight, and even more preferably more than 90% by weight of the organic fibers 21 in the porous member 2 are the organic fibers 21. The porous member 2 may contain a polymer component for adjusting the voids between the organic fibers 21, and may contain a moisture absorbent, ceramic particles such as an oxide, or the like in order to impart flame retardancy to the porous member 2. The porous member 2 may contain a treatment agent or an organic component for adjusting water repellency and water resistance.
Examples of the organic fibers 21 include synthetic fibers and natural fibers. Natural fibers, for example, contain cellulose as a main component. The organic fibers 21 may be flattened in the radial direction. The porous member 2 may be, for example, a nonwoven fabric, paper, an organic porous material, or a molded article (including paper) containing the synthetic fibers or the natural fibers. The organic fiber 21 may be an aggregate of organic nanofibers having a fiber diameter of 1 μm or less. By using the aggregate of organic nanofibers, the bonding force between the porous member 2 and the film 3 can be increased, and the film 3 is less likely to be peeled off from the porous member 2. In addition, the organic fiber 21 may have a hollow structure. The organic fiber 21 may be a single type of organic fiber or a plurality of types of organic fibers.
The average pore diameter of the porous member 2 is preferably 0.15 to 100. mu.m, more preferably 0.15 to 50 μm, still more preferably 0.2 to 10 μm. If the average pore diameter is too large, pores tend to remain in the film 3 when the film 3 is formed, and the separation performance may be reduced.
The thickness of the porous member 2 is not particularly limited, but is more preferably 30 μm to 3mm, and still more preferably 50 μm to 1 mm. If the porous member 2 is too thin, deformation such as bending may occur during handling, and defects such as cracks may occur in the film 3 and may also be damaged. If the thickness is too large, not only the water vapor transmission rate Vs is reduced, but also the heat conduction is deteriorated, and therefore, a loss may occur in the heat exchange.
The density of the porous member 2 is preferably 0.8g/cm3Below, further 0.7g/cm3The following. If the density is too high, the transmission resistance of water vapor may increase, and the total heat exchange efficiency may decrease.
The volume porosity (volume fraction of pores 22) of the porous member 2 is preferably 20% to 80%. The volume porosity of the porous member 2 is more preferably 50% to 70%. If the volume porosity of the porous member 2 is less than 20%, there is a possibility that the porous member becomes a transmission resistance of water vapor and the total heat exchange efficiency is lowered. If the volume porosity of the porous member 2 exceeds 80%, the strength of the porous member 2 may be reduced, cracks may be generated in the film 3, and the formation of a wet seal, which will be described later, may be inhibited. The volume porosity and the shape (average pore diameter, etc.) of the pores of the porous member 2 were measured by mercury porosimetry.
The water vapor transmission rate Vs of the porous member 2 is preferably 70g/h/m2A pressure of over kPa, further 100g/h/m2above/kPa. The water vapor transmission rate Vs of the porous member 2 is expressed by the following expression (3).
The water vapor transmission rate Vs (g/h/m) of the porous member 22kPa)/(time (h) for which water permeates through the porous member 2))/(area (m) of the porous member 2)2) /(difference in water vapor pressure (kPa) between both surfaces of the porous member 2)) (3)
If the water vapor transmission rate Vs of the porous member 2 obtained by the above equation is too low, the water vapor transmission rate Vs of the entire total heat exchange element sheet may decrease, and the total heat exchange efficiency may decrease.
The film 3 is provided on one surface of the porous member 2. The membrane 3 is composed of inorganic fibers 31 having a fiber diameter of 1nm to 50nm and containing OH groups. Inorganic fibers having OH groups are preferable because they easily adsorb water vapor. The fiber length of the inorganic fibers 31 is preferably 0.5 to 15 μm. More preferably, the inorganic fibers 31 have a fiber diameter of 1nm to 10nm and a fiber length of 1 μm to 3 μm. When the fiber length is shorter than 0.5 μm, the force of intertwining the fibers is small, and cracks are likely to be generated when the film is formed. If the length is longer than 15 μm, the aspect ratio becomes too large, and the fibers are easily broken. The inorganic fiber 31 is preferable because of high heat resistance. The inorganic fibers 31 may be provided in plural. The membrane 3 has pores 32 formed of a space surrounded by the inorganic fibers 31.
By using a fibrous material as the material of the film 3, it is possible to suppress cracking of the film caused by film formation or flexure of the sheet, and to improve the strength. The membrane 3 made of nano-sized fibers has fine pores 32 between the inorganic fibers 31. The moisture vapor of the outside air 7a and the like is condensed by the kelvin's capillary condensation theory to fill the pores 32, thereby forming a wet seal. The adsorbed and condensed water vapor can be efficiently transferred to the porous member 2 through the wet seal. In addition, wet seals inhibit the transmission of gases other than water vapor. That is, by wet sealing, the membrane 3 having a structure in which water easily permeates and gas other than water vapor hardly permeates can be realized.
The average pore diameter of the membrane 3 is preferably 0.5nm to 50 nm. More preferably 0.5nm to 10 nm. By adjusting the average pore diameter of the membrane 3 to 0.5nm to 50nm, wet sealing can be easily formed in the pores of the membrane 3, and an appropriate permeation flow rate of water vapor can be ensured. If the average pore diameter exceeds 50nm, it becomes difficult to form a wet seal, and the separation performance of water vapor and gases other than water vapor becomes liable to deteriorate. When the average pore diameter is less than 0.5nm, the flow rate of water vapor transmission tends to decrease.
The membrane 3 may also have bundles of inorganic fibers 31. The diameter of the beam is preferably 10nm to 300 nm. When the bundle is formed, fine nano pores are easily formed by aligning the fibers in the bundle, and the strength of the membrane 3 can be improved by winding the bundles around each other.
The inorganic fiber 31 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a hydrophilic material. As the hydrophilic material, for example, an oxide or hydroxide containing at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe), an aluminosilicate containing at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, a carbonate containing at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and strontium (Sr), a phosphate containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, and Sr, a titanate containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Al, or a composite or mixture thereof is used. The metal compound may be a metal compound formed by using a metal hydroxide as a precursor, binding the metal hydroxide by hydrolysis or the like, and stopping the reaction in the middle to control the number of OH groups. Specific examples of the hydrophilic material include, but are not limited to, alumina (including boehmite or pseudoboehmite), silica, titania, zirconia, magnesia, zinc oxide, ferrite, zeolite, hydroxyapatite, barium titanate, and hydrates thereof. By using the inorganic material for the inorganic fibers 31, the heat resistance of the film 3 can be improved.
The inorganic fibers 31 particularly preferably contain boehmite or pseudo-boehmite. Pseudoboehmite is a material comprising a portion of the crystalline structure of alumina hydrate different from boehmite. Boehmite and pseudoboehmite are advantageous for the formation of a wet seal because they easily adsorb water vapor due to the presence of many OH groups on the surface or between layers of crystals.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a part of another configuration example of the film 3. Note that the description of fig. 2 can be appropriately referred to for the same portions as those of fig. 2 in fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the membrane 3 may have inorganic particles 33 in addition to the inorganic fibers 31, and by mixing the inorganic fibers 31 and the inorganic particles 33, the inorganic particles 33 can be made to penetrate between the inorganic fibers 31 to control the diameter of the fine pores 32, and thereby the water vapor transmission rate Vs and the separation rate α can be controlled.
In the membrane 3, the total volume of the inorganic fibers 31 is preferably equal to or greater than the total volume of the inorganic particles 33. If the total volume of the inorganic particles 33 exceeds the total volume of the inorganic fibers 31, cracks may be generated in the membrane 3, and the ability to separate water vapor may be reduced.
The particle diameter of the inorganic particles 33 is preferably 1nm to 20 nm. When the particle diameter of the inorganic particles 33 is less than 1nm, the inorganic particles 33 are likely to aggregate with each other, and it is difficult to uniformly mix the inorganic fibers 31 and the inorganic particles 33. In addition, when the particle size of the inorganic particles 33 exceeds 20nm, the formation of pores may be difficult when the inorganic particles 33 penetrate between the inorganic fibers 31.
The inorganic particles 33 are not particularly limited, but are preferably hydrophilic materials. As the hydrophilic material, for example, an oxide or a hydroxide containing at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe), an aluminosilicate containing at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, a carbonate containing at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and strontium (Sr), a phosphate containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, and Sr, a titanate containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Al, or a composite or mixture thereof is used. The metal compound may be a metal compound formed by using a metal hydroxide as a precursor, binding the metal hydroxide by hydrolysis or the like, and stopping the reaction in the middle to control the number of OH groups. Specific examples of the hydrophilic material include, but are not limited to, alumina (including boehmite or pseudoboehmite), silica, titania, zirconia, magnesia, zinc oxide, ferrite, zeolite, hydroxyapatite, barium titanate, and hydrates thereof. By using the inorganic material for the inorganic particles 33, the heat resistance of the film 3 can be improved.
The inorganic particles 33 particularly preferably contain boehmite or pseudo-boehmite. Boehmite and pseudoboehmite are advantageous for the formation of a wet seal because they easily adsorb water vapor due to the presence of many OH groups on the surface or between layers of crystals.
The volume of the inorganic fibers 31 in the total volume of the organic fibers 21 and the inorganic fibers 31 is preferably 2% to 40%. In addition, the total volume of the inorganic fibers 31 and the inorganic particles 33 in the total volume of the organic fibers 21, the inorganic fibers 31, and the inorganic particles 33 is preferably 2% to 40%. If the content is less than 2%, it is difficult to form a continuous film having no cracks or holes on the porous member 2, and if it exceeds 40%, the inorganic film becomes thick and water vapor transmission resistance is caused, or the substrate thickness becomes thin and strength is reduced.
In the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element, the pore size distribution obtained by mercury intrusion method preferably has at least 1 peak (1 st peak) having a pore size of 10nm or less and at least 1 peak (2 nd peak) having a pore size of 1 μm to 10 μm. The particle size distribution may have peaks in the range of 10nm to 1 μm and 10 μm or more. When the pore diameter in the range of 10 μm or more has a peak, the pore volume in the range of 10 μm or more is preferably smaller than the pore volume in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm. The pores having a pore diameter of 10nm or less are condensed by a capillary tube to form a wet seal, which affects separation characteristics. The pores having a pore diameter of 1 to 10 μm do not interfere with the gas permeability, and can suppress the occurrence of cracks or voids when the film 3 is formed.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another configuration example of a part of the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element shown in fig. 1. The sheet for total heat exchange element may have an interface layer 4 between the porous member 2 and the film 3 as shown in fig. 4.
The interface layer 4 has a composite structure including the organic fibers 21 and the inorganic fibers 31 or a composite structure including the organic fibers 21, the inorganic fibers 31, and the inorganic particles 33. The composite structure preferably has inorganic fibers 31 or inorganic fibers 31 and inorganic particles 33 on the surface of the organic fibers 21 or between the organic fibers 21. By the presence of the inorganic fibers 31 or the inorganic particles 33 on the surface of the organic fibers 21 or between the organic fibers 21, the adhesive strength between the porous member 2 and the film 3 can be increased, and the peeling of the film 3 can be suppressed. In the composite structure, the inorganic fibers 31 or the inorganic particles 33 may penetrate between the surface irregularities of the organic fibers 21 to cover the entire or a part of the organic fibers 21.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another configuration example of the sheet for total heat exchange element. The sheet for total heat exchange element may have a pair of supports 5 that support a laminate (water vapor separator) of the porous member 2 and the membrane 3 as shown in fig. 5. The support 5 is permeable to gas. Fig. 5 shows an example in which a pair of supports 5 are arranged along both surfaces of the water vapor separator, but the supports 5 may be arranged along only one surface of the water vapor separator.
The support 5 is made of, for example, paper, punched metal, polyimide porous material, or a mesh material other than these. The support 5 preferably has a through hole having a diameter of several μm or more, but is not limited thereto.
The thickness of the support 5 is preferably 300 μm to 3mm from the viewpoint of heat conduction and strength, but is not limited thereto.
The laminate of the porous member 2 and the membrane 3 may be formed directly on the support 5. For example, the porous member 2 may be formed on the support 5 by a cold spray method, an aerosol deposition method, or the like, and then the film 3 may be formed by a casting method or a spray method.
By forming the support 5, the strength of the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element can be improved.
Next, an example of a total heat exchanger element including the sheet for a total heat exchanger element according to the embodiment and a total heat exchanger including the total heat exchanger element will be described. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of the total heat exchange element. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of the total enthalpy heat exchanger. The total heat exchange element 10 shown in fig. 6 is a stationary total heat exchange element for an air conditioner, and includes a plurality of sheets 1 for total heat exchange elements and a partition plate 6. With regard to the description of the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element shown in fig. 6, the description of the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element described above can be appropriately cited.
One of the plurality of sheets 1 for total heat exchange element is laminated on another one of the plurality of sheets 1 for total heat exchange element via a partition plate 6. The plurality of sheets 1 for total heat exchange element are stacked so that the passing directions of the outside air 7a and the return air 7c intersect with each other. The porous member 2 of the sheet 1 for total heat exchange element faces the flow path of the return air 7c, and the film 3 faces the flow path of the outside air 7 a.
The total enthalpy heat exchanger 100 shown in fig. 7 includes a fan 9a, a fan 9b, and total enthalpy heat exchange elements 10 arranged in a housing 8 having an inlet 8a, an inlet 8b, an outlet 8c, and an outlet 8 d. The structure of the total enthalpy heat exchanger is not limited to the structure shown in fig. 7. With regard to the description of the total heat exchange element 10 shown in fig. 7, the description of the total heat exchange element 10 shown in fig. 6 can be appropriately cited.
The sheet for total heat exchange element of the above embodiment can be applied to other than the total heat exchange element. For example, it can be used for a dehumidifying sheet, a filter, a humidity control element, and the like. Specific examples of the application include a desiccant rotor element, an air conditioner vaporization type humidifier element, a humidifier element for a fuel cell, a dehumidifier element, a water absorbing/evaporating element for a vending machine or the like, a cooling water absorbing/evaporating element, a desiccant air conditioner desiccant rotor element, a vehicle-mounted air conditioner, and the like.
Examples
(examples 1 to 3)
A sheet for total heat exchange elements was produced by applying a boehmite dispersion to one surface of a porous member comprising paper containing natural cellulose as a main component, drying the resultant at 40 ℃, and then heat-treating the resultant at 200 ℃ to form a membrane comprising inorganic fibers containing boehmite (examples 1 and 3) or a membrane comprising inorganic fibers and inorganic particles (example 2) on the surface of the porous member. The production conditions are shown in table 1.
As the fibrous boehmite dispersion, alumina sol solution F1000(Kawaken Fine chemicals co., ltd., d 4nm, l 1.4 μm) was used, as the particulate boehmite dispersion, alumina sol solution produced by japanese chemical was used, and further, the water vapor transmission rate Vs and the separation rate α of the produced sheet for total heat exchange element were measured, and the results thereof are shown in table 2.
A flow path member having a triangular waveform cross section is disposed on the surface of a film in a sheet for total heat exchange element, and a plurality of 1 st straight flow paths each having a triangular prism shape and defined by each wave portion of the film and the flow path member are formed.A flow path member having a triangular waveform cross section is disposed on the surface of a porous member in the sheet for total heat exchange element, and a plurality of 2 nd straight flow paths each having a triangular prism shape and defined by each wave portion of the porous member and the flow path member are formed, and a total heat exchange unit for evaluation is assembled, wherein the 1 st and 2 nd straight flow paths of the total heat exchange unit are opposed to and parallel to each other, and the pitch and height of the 1 st and 2 nd straight flow paths are set to values according to the conventional total heat exchange element.
The water vapor transmission rate Vs of the total heat exchange unit for evaluation was measured by the following method. The total heat exchange unit is disposed in the constant temperature and humidity tank, and a high humidity side pipe is connected to one end of the 1 st linear flow path. The low-humidity-side duct is connected to one end of the 2 nd straight flow path located on the opposite side of the connection end of the high-humidity-side duct to the 1 st straight flow path. A fan is installed on the high-humidity side duct, and a heat exchanger is installed on the low-humidity side duct. By driving the fan, high-humidity air is supplied to the 1 st straight flow path through the high-humidity duct. On the other hand, nitrogen having a dew point of-110 ℃ was supplied from the outside of the constant temperature and humidity chamber to the 2 nd linear channel via the low humidity side pipe. While the nitrogen flows through the low-humidity-side pipe, the nitrogen is made isothermal by heat exchange in the heat exchanger, and is supplied to the 2 nd straight flow path as dry nitrogen. That is, the high-humidity air and the dry nitrogen are supplied as counter flows to the 1 st and 2 nd linear flow paths of the total heat exchange unit, respectively. At this time, the passing wind speeds in the 1 st and 2 nd straight flow paths become the same as those in the evaluation of the total heat exchange element. At the outlet of the low-humidity side duct, the temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration of the exhaust air were measured, and the water vapor transmission rate was calculated.
The separation ratio α of the total heat exchange unit for evaluation was measured by the following method, it was originally necessary to grasp the amount of carbon dioxide transmitted according to JIS standard, but since carbon dioxide and oxygen have approximately the same gas diffusion coefficient in nitrogen, the separation ratio α was calculated by substituting the permeation (concentration) of oxygen from the outlet of the low-humidity side duct for the permeation of carbon dioxide.
In each of examples 1 to 3, the water vapor transmission rate Vs was 50g/h/m2The separation ratio was α was 10 or more, as a result of observing a cross section of the sheet for total heat exchange element by a scanning electron microscope, in examples 1 to 3, the sheet for total heat exchange element had an interface layer between the porous member and the film, in example 1, the film had a bundle of inorganic fibers, and the pore diameter distribution of the sheet for total heat exchange element was measured, and as a result, in examples 1 to 3, the pore diameter distribution had a 1 st peak having a pore diameter of about 10nm and a 2 nd peak having a pore diameter of about 6 μm, and further, in examples 1 to 3, the total volume of the inorganic fibers and the inorganic particles was 3%, 5%, and 3%, respectively, with respect to the total volume of the organic fibers, the inorganic fibers, and the inorganic particles.
Comparative examples 1 to 4
The boehmite dispersion or the alumina dispersion was applied to one surface of the porous member by the same method as in example 1, dried at 40 ℃, and then heat-treated at 200 ℃ to form a film, thereby producing a sheet for total heat exchange element, the production conditions are shown in table 1, the water vapor transmission rate Vs and the separation rate α of the produced sheet for total heat exchange element were measured in the same manner as in examples 1 to 3, and the measurement results of the water vapor transmission rate Vs and the separation rate α are shown in table 2.
As is clear from Table 2, the sheet for total heat exchange element of examples 1 to 3 had a water vapor transmission rate Vs of 95g/h/m2The sheet for total heat exchange element of examples 1 to 3 had a separation ratio α much higher than that of the sheets for total heat exchange element of comparative examples 1 to 4, and it was found that the sheet for total heat exchange element of examples 1 to 3 had a higher total heat exchange efficiency than the sheets for total heat exchange element of comparative examples 1 to 4In example 1, the film surface was observed by a scanning electron microscope, and as a result, the film had cracks. It was found that the reduction in the separation rate was caused by cracking of the film. In comparative examples 3 and 4, the film surface was observed by a scanning electron microscope, and as a result, the film had voids with a diameter of more than 30nm between the inorganic fibers. It is thus understood that the decrease in the separation rate is due to the membrane structure.
[ Table 2]
(example 4)
A sheet-like porous member having a thickness of 100 μm and formed from pulp having an average fiber diameter of 20 μm was produced, a nozzle having a slit-like discharge portion wider than the width of the porous member was arranged on the sheet-like porous member, a fibrous pseudoboehmite nanofiber dispersion was discharged from the slit-like discharge portion of the nozzle onto one surface of the porous member and applied, and then dried to form a film having a thickness of 8 μm on one surface of the porous member, whereby a sheet for total heat exchanger element was produced, production conditions are shown in Table 3, the water vapor transmission rate Vs and the separation rate α of the produced sheet for total heat exchanger element were measured in the same manner as in examples 1 to 3, and the results are shown in Table 4.
(example 5)
A sheet-like porous member was produced by the same production method as in example 4, and an aqueous dispersion slurry containing pseudoboehmite nanofibers having an average fiber diameter of 4nm and an average fiber length of 1 μm was discharged from a slit-shaped discharge portion of a nozzle onto the porous member and applied, and then dried to form a film having a thickness of 12 μm on the surface of the porous member, thereby producing a sheet for total heat exchanger element, production conditions are shown in table 3, and the water vapor transmission rate Vs and the separation rate α of the produced sheet for total heat exchanger element were measured in the same manner as in examples 1 to 3, and the results thereof are shown in table 4.
(example 6)
A sheet-like porous member was produced by the same production method as in example 5, and an aqueous dispersion slurry containing pseudoboehmite nanofibers having an average fiber diameter of 4nm and an average fiber length of 1 μm was sprayed by spraying and applied in the same manner as in examples 1 and 2, and then dried to form a film having a thickness of 11 μm on the surface of the porous member, thereby producing a sheet for total heat exchanger element, the production conditions are shown in table 3, the water vapor transmission rate Vs and the separation rate α of the produced sheet for total heat exchanger element were measured in the same manner as in examples 1 to 3, and the results are shown in table 4.
In examples 4 to 6, the vapor transmission rate Vs was 90g/h/m2The sheet for total heat exchange element had a separation ratio of α of 60 or more, which was a property far higher than that of the comparative example, when the cross section of the sheet for total heat exchange element was observed with a scanning electron microscope, as a result, in examples 4 to 6, the sheet for total heat exchange element had an interface layer between the porous member and the film, and when the pore diameter distribution of the sheet for total heat exchange element was measured, the sheets for total heat exchange element of examples 1 to 5 had pores having a pore diameter of 5nm or less.
[ Table 4]
It should be noted that several embodiments of the present invention have been described, but these embodiments are provided as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments may be implemented in other various forms, and may be omitted, replaced, or modified without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalent scope thereof.
Claims (24)
1. A sheet for total heat exchange elements, comprising:
a porous member containing, as a main component, an organic fiber having a fiber diameter of 1 to 100 μm; and
and a film provided on the porous member, the film including inorganic fibers having a fiber diameter of 1nm to 50nm and having OH groups.
2. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to claim 1, wherein the fiber length of the inorganic fibers is 0.5 to 15 μm.
3. The sheet for total heat exchange element according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the sheet for total heat exchange element has a pore size distribution having a 1 st peak having a pore size of 10nm or less and a 2 nd peak having a pore size of 1 μm to 10 μm.
4. The sheet for total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sheet for total heat exchange element has a water vapor transmission rate of 50g/h/m2above/kPa.
5. The sheet for total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a separation ratio of water vapor from a gas other than the water vapor in the sheet for total heat exchange element is 10 or more.
6. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the inorganic fibers have a fiber diameter of 1nm to 10 nm.
7. The sheet for total heat exchange element according to claim 6, wherein the membrane has a plurality of bundles of the inorganic fibers, and the diameter of the bundles is 10nm to 300 nm.
8. The sheet for total heat exchange elements according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the inorganic fibers comprise boehmite or pseudoboehmite.
9. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the film further has inorganic particles.
10. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to claim 9, wherein the total volume of the inorganic fibers is equal to or greater than the total volume of the inorganic particles.
11. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the inorganic particles have a particle diameter of 1nm to 20 nm.
12. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the inorganic particles contain at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a hydroxide, and a hydrate.
13. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the inorganic particles comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of boehmite and pseudoboehmite.
14. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the total volume of the inorganic fibers is 2 to 40% of the total volume of the organic fibers and the inorganic fibers.
15. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the total volume of the inorganic fibers and the inorganic particles is 2 to 40% of the total volume of the organic fibers, the inorganic fibers, and the inorganic particles.
16. The sheet for total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the porous member has a density of 0.8g/cm3The following.
17. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the porous member has a water vapor transmission rate of 70g/h/m2above/kPa.
18. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the organic fiber is an aggregate of organic nanofibers having a fiber diameter of 1 μm or less.
19. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the organic fiber comprises cellulose.
20. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising an interface layer between the film and the porous member,
the interface layer contains the organic fiber and the inorganic fiber, or contains the organic fiber, the inorganic fiber, and the inorganic particle.
21. The sheet for a total heat exchange element according to claim 20, wherein in the interface layer, a part of the inorganic fibers is disposed between the surface of the organic fibers and the organic fibers, or a part of the inorganic fibers and a part of the inorganic particles are disposed between the surface of the organic fibers and the organic fibers.
22. A total heat exchange element comprising the sheet for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 1 to 21.
23. An enthalpy exchanger provided with the enthalpy exchange element according to claim 22.
24. A water vapor separator is provided with:
a porous member containing, as a main component, an organic fiber having a fiber diameter of 1 to 100 μm; and
and a film provided on the porous member, the film provided on the porous member containing inorganic fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 to 50nm and having OH groups.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2017-167405 | 2017-08-31 | ||
| JP2017167405 | 2017-08-31 | ||
| PCT/JP2018/032417 WO2019045057A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | Sheet for total heat exchange elements, total heat exchange element, total heat exchanger, and water vapor separator |
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| CN111094858A true CN111094858A (en) | 2020-05-01 |
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| CN201880060769.9A Pending CN111094858A (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | Sheet for total heat exchange element, total heat exchanger, and water vapor separator |
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| WO (1) | WO2019045057A1 (en) |
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| JP2017056456A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-23 | 株式会社東芝 | Steam separator and dehumidifier with use thereof |
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| FR2992423B1 (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-07-18 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF A MIXTURE OF PARTICLES BY IMPLEMENTING THE TAYLOR DISPERSION AND SYSTEM THEREOF |
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