CN111092404B - Ground moving type direct lightning protection system - Google Patents
Ground moving type direct lightning protection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111092404B CN111092404B CN201911168473.1A CN201911168473A CN111092404B CN 111092404 B CN111092404 B CN 111092404B CN 201911168473 A CN201911168473 A CN 201911168473A CN 111092404 B CN111092404 B CN 111092404B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G13/00—Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
- H02G13/80—Discharge by conduction or dissipation, e.g. rods, arresters, spark gaps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
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Abstract
A ground mobile direct lightning protection system comprises a lightning monitoring and early warning system, a lightning receiving device, a lifting system, a grounding system and an automatic control system; the lightning monitoring and early warning system monitors the atmosphere electric field environment around the special vehicle in real time; the automatic control system starts the early warning of the corresponding grade according to the monitoring data of the lightning monitoring early warning system; sending ascending or descending signals to the lifting system and the lightning receiving device according to the condition, and sending grounding starting signals or grounding ending signals to the grounding system; a lightning receiving device: according to the received signal, the lightning; the lifting system ascends or descends according to the received signal; the grounding system can quickly and reliably ground or withdraw the special vehicle in the moving process or under the temporary parking condition in the field. The invention can provide effective direct lightning protection for special vehicles under the condition of temporary parking in the field or in the moving process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ground moving type direct-attack lightning protection system, which can provide direct-attack lightning protection with movable arrangement and removal aiming at two states of temporary parking in the field and movable driving, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic compatibility protection.
Background
As one of the main measures of lightning protection, direct lightning protection is the focus of the research on lightning protection in the technical field of electromagnetic compatibility protection. At present, a relatively mature protection means is provided for the direct lightning protection technology of the ground fixed facilities at home and abroad, and a complete fixed direct lightning protection system is established at home and abroad. The direct lightning protection technology aiming at the ground fixed facilities cannot carry out direct lightning protection on special vehicles which need to move at any time under the moving condition, so that effective direct lightning protection cannot be provided for the special vehicles under the moving process or the field temporary parking condition. Due to the lack of direct lightning protection measures for special vehicles under the temporary parking condition in the moving process or in the field, the special vehicles do not have the direct lightning protection capability in the moving process or in the temporary parking condition in the field. Therefore, a direct lightning protection system suitable for ground fixed facilities is difficult to set for special vehicles, particularly special vehicles needing to run or work in an open field, the existing lightning protection technology of the fixed place cannot be directly adopted, and an effective mobile direct lightning protection means is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the ground moving type direct lightning protection system is provided, so that the direct lightning protection system can effectively and directly strike the special vehicle in the moving process or under the condition of temporary field parking.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a ground mobile direct lightning protection system comprises a lightning monitoring and early warning system, a lightning receiving device, a lifting system, a grounding system and an automatic control system;
thunder and lightning monitoring early warning system: the system is arranged on a special vehicle, monitors the atmosphere electric field environment around the special vehicle in real time, and sends monitoring data to an automatic control system;
an automatic control system: the lightning monitoring and warning system is arranged in a special vehicle and is connected with the lightning monitoring and warning system, the lightning receiving device, the lifting system and the grounding system through cables with lightning large-current protection functions; judging whether a pre-designed lightning weather early warning condition is met or not according to the monitoring data of the lightning monitoring early warning system, and if so, controlling the lightning monitoring early warning system to start early warning of a corresponding level; when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data show a trend of gradually increasing from low to high, if the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data reach a direct lightning weather protection condition, sending a rising signal to the lifting system and the lightning receiving device, and sending a grounding starting signal to the grounding system; when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data show a trend of gradually weakening from high to low, if the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data are lower than the direct lightning weather protection condition, sending a descending signal to the lifting system and the lightning receiving device, and sending a grounding ending signal to the grounding system;
a lightning receiving device: the lifting device is arranged at the top end of the lifting system and is folded downwards when the direct lightning weather protection condition is not met; after receiving a rising signal sent by an automatic control system, vertically upwards entering a direct lightning receiving mode; when a descending signal sent by the automatic control system is received, the lifting system descends along with the vertical state, and the lifting system is folded downwards and retracted after the lifting system descends to the initial position;
the lifting system comprises: the lifting system is arranged on the side surface or the top of the special vehicle head, has automatic/manual lifting capacity according to the requirement that the special vehicle needs to be quickly arranged and removed in the field, and is positioned at an initial position and in a retracted state when the direct lightning weather protection condition is not met; after a rising signal sent by an automatic control system is received, rising to a preset position; after a descending signal sent by an automatic control system is received, descending to an initial position;
a grounding system: the grounding device is arranged at the chassis of the tail of the special vehicle, and when a grounding starting signal sent by an automatic control system is received, the special vehicle is quickly and reliably grounded in the moving process or under the condition of field temporary parking; and when a grounding ending signal sent by the automatic control system is received, withdrawing the special vehicle in the moving process or under the condition of field temporary parking.
The pre-designed lightning weather early warning conditions comprise lightning weather early warning conditions, near lightning weather early warning conditions and direct lightning weather protection conditions, when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data reach 2-4kV/m, the lightning weather early warning conditions are considered to be met, and the automatic control system controls the lightning monitoring early warning system to start primary early warning; when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data reach 4-6kV/m, the near-lightning weather early warning condition is considered to be met, and the automatic control system controls the lightning monitoring early warning system to start secondary early warning; when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data reach 6-10kV/m, the direct lightning weather protection condition is considered to be met, and the automatic control system controls the lightning monitoring and early warning system to start three-stage early warning.
The grounding system comprises a fluid grounding device and an auxiliary grounding device for special vehicles in the moving process, and comprises a grounding electrode and an auxiliary grounding device for special vehicles in the field temporary parking condition.
The grounding electrode is composed of a plurality of vertical grounding bodies, the spacing between the grounding bodies is generally more than or equal to 3 meters, and the grounding bodies are connected by annealed copper wires which are more than or equal to 35 square to form a network.
The fluid grounding device carries a conductive medium, and when the automatic control system sends a grounding starting signal, the fluid grounding device discharges the lightning current by spraying the conductive medium to the ground, so that the lightning current is introduced into the ground according to a specified path, and the rapid discharge of the lightning current is realized.
Aiming at the action degree of direct lightning, the auxiliary grounding devices are divided into a direct lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with low current of 20kA or less and a direct lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with high current of 20kA-200 kA.
The direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with low current of 20kA or less comprises a folding support frame, a reinforcing fixed frame, a main shaft, a conductive disc and a conductive wheel; the direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with small current of 20kA or less is in insulation connection with a chassis at the tail of a special vehicle through a folding support frame, the folding support frame is connected with a main shaft and is reinforced through a reinforcing fixing frame, and conductive wheels are fixed on two sides of the main shaft through fastening screws and can freely rotate along the main shaft; the conductive disc is fixed on the main shaft and is positioned outside the conductive wheel; lightning current is led into the conductive disc from the lightning receiving device by the downlead, is led into the conductive wheel by the conductive disc, and then is led into the ground by the conductive wheel to complete the whole loop.
The folding support frame comprises an insulating fixed seat, a connecting rod, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a third connecting rod, a universal spring and a buffer spring; the folding support frame is connected with a chassis of the tail of the special vehicle through an insulating fixed seat, the insulating fixed seat is connected with a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod through hinges respectively, the first connecting rod is connected with a connecting rod through a universal spring, the second connecting rod is connected with a third connecting rod through a buffer spring, the third connecting rod is connected with the connecting rod through a hinge, and the connecting rod is connected with a main shaft.
The conductive wheel is a triangular wheel and comprises a triangular frame, a grounding roller and a grounding roller shaft, the three grounding rollers are arranged at the three tail ends of the triangular frame through the grounding roller shaft and are fixed through fasteners, and the triangular frame is connected with the main shaft through a bearing to realize integral rotation.
The grounding roller is made of conductive rubber with embedded copper core wires, and the volume resistivity of the conductive rubber is 0.1 omega-cm.
Each grounding roller grounding area S1H 1L 1; h1 is the width of the grounding roller, L1 is the length of the contact area between the grounding roller and the ground, and the total grounding area S1 formed between the conductive rubber roller and the ground at the same time under the moving conditionGeneral assembly＝S1*4，S1General assemblyCan guide small current of 20kA or less to passS1General assemblyAnd discharging to the ground.
The 20kA-200kA high-current direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device comprises a telescopic structure, a damping spring and crawler wheels; the telescopic structure, the damping spring and the crawler wheel are made of metal materials, the telescopic structure is installed on the crawler wheel through the damping spring, the conductive disc is installed on the side face of the wheel of the crawler wheel, when lightning current is conducted to the conductive disc through the lightning receiving device, the lightning current on the conductive disc is conducted to the metal crawler belt through the wheel of the metal crawler wheel, the large grounding area of the metal crawler belt is discharged to the ground quickly, and the quick grounding of a special vehicle under the temporary parking condition in the moving process or in the field is achieved.
The telescopic structure has an electric control up-down lifting function, the stroke is 100mm, so that the telescopic structure is suitable for different geological conditions or road conditions, and the mechanical damage of a direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with a large current of 20kA-200kA is prevented;
the telescopic structure comprises a mounting plate, a guide sleeve, a guide pillar, a support plate, a connecting plate and an electric push rod;
the mounting plate is connected to the tail chassis of the special vehicle by a steering flange to ensure free steering; the electric push rod is arranged in the center of the lower surface of the mounting plate, guide posts are symmetrically arranged on the periphery of the mounting plate, the connecting plate is mounted on the crawler wheel through the damping spring, the supporting plate is mounted on the connecting plate, the guide posts penetrate through the supporting plate, the guide sleeves are sleeved on the guide posts, and the guide sleeves are located above the supporting plate to play a role in stabilizing the electric push rod and the supporting plate; when an obstacle or an uneven road surface is encountered, the electric push rod is contracted to drive the connecting plate and the supporting plate to move upwards, so that the crawler wheels are lifted, and the direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with the large current of 20kA-200kA cannot be mechanically damaged; when the road surface is flat, the electric push rod is unfolded to drive the connecting plate and the supporting plate to move downwards, so that the metal crawler wheels are reliably grounded with the ground, and the grounding area is enlarged.
Each track ground contact area S2 ═ H2 × L2; h2 is the width of the track, L2 is the length of the contact area between the track and the ground, S2General assemblyIn order to obtain the total ground contact area between the metal track wheel and the ground at the same time under the moving condition, S2General assembly＝S2*2，S2General assemblyCan lead the small current of 20kA-200kA to be totally discharged to the ground through S2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in order to realize that special vehicles of the aerospace system can carry out direct lightning protection under the temporary parking condition in the moving process or in the field, the direct lightning protection system can adapt to the continuously changing terrain and ground conditions, integrates the functions of lightning environment monitoring and early warning, moving lightning receiving and guiding, quick grounding, motor distribution and removal and the like, and provides direct lightning protection for the special vehicles needing to be protected under the temporary parking condition in the moving process or in the field.
(2) In moving or temporary parking conditions in the field, when the vehicle is exposed to complex terrain conditions and the fluid grounding device or the grounding electrode cannot provide complete reliable grounding, the invention adopts the auxiliary grounding device to ensure reliable grounding. And further, a direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with small current of 20kA or less and a direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with large current of 20kA-200kA are designed according to the action degree of direct-striking lightning, so that auxiliary grounding of different lightning action degrees is realized.
(3) The direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with small current of 20kA or below is flexible, small and light, keeps rolling contact with the ground through the design of the conductive rubber grounding roller, can realize good conductivity with ground contact materials (such as soil and roads), and has good wear resistance. When the road surface is uneven or has obstacles such as stones, the road surface can be in good contact with the ground, and reliable grounding and good trafficability are ensured. When the auxiliary grounding device is dragged by an obstacle, the vehicle body structure is not damaged.
(4) The direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with the large current of 20-200kA is firm in structure, and compared with the direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with the small current of 20kA or below, the crawler-type double-wheel grounding device is in contact with the ground, the contact area of the crawler-type double-wheel grounding device with the ground is large, and the grounding reliability of releasing the large current of lightning can be improved. When an obstacle or an uneven road surface is encountered, the telescopic structure drives the connecting plate and the supporting plate to move upwards, so that the crawler wheels are lifted, and the direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with the large current of 20kA-200kA cannot be mechanically damaged. When the road surface is flat, the telescopic structure is unfolded to drive the connecting plate and the supporting plate to move downwards, and then the metal crawler wheels are reliably grounded with the ground.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a grounding grid arrangement;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a 20kA and lower low current direct lightning protection auxiliary grounding device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the folding stand;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a triangular wheel;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a 20-200kA high current direct lightning protection auxiliary grounding device;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a telescopic structure;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a track wheel.
Detailed Description
The ground mobile direct-striking lightning protection system is established, and the ground mobile direct-striking lightning protection system integrates the functions of lightning environment monitoring and early warning, lightning current lightning receiving, lightning current diversion, quick grounding and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the ground-moving direct lightning protection system provided by the invention comprises a lightning monitoring and early warning system, a lightning receiving device, a lifting system, a grounding system and an automatic control system.
Thunder and lightning monitoring early warning system: the system is arranged on a special vehicle, monitors the atmospheric electric field environment within 10km around the special vehicle in real time, and sends monitoring data to an automatic control system.
The lightning monitoring and early warning system comprises an MEMS atmospheric electric field instrument, a data conversion module, a data centralized converter, a site professional monitoring client and an alarm;
the main functions of each part are as follows:
1) MEMS atmospheric electric field appearance: the method comprises the steps of collecting the atmosphere electric field environment in real time, carrying out primary processing on collected atmosphere electric field data, and sending the data to a data conversion module through a serial port;
2) the data conversion module: receiving data of the MEMS atmospheric electric field instrument, converting the data and transmitting the converted data to a data concentration converter;
3) the data centralizing converter: receiving data of the MEMS atmospheric electric field instrument, processing the data by using a corresponding algorithm, and displaying and storing a processing result in real time and sending a control instruction;
4) site professional monitoring client: reading data from the data centralized converter in real time or inquiring historical data, receiving early warning instructions of corresponding levels sent by the data centralized converter, and controlling the alarm to work according to the early warning instructions;
5) an alarm device: and receiving early warning instructions of the data concentration converter and the site professional monitoring client in corresponding grades in real time, and carrying out sound-light alarm on the forthcoming thunder and lightning according to the early warning of the corresponding grades.
The hardware functions of the lightning monitoring and early warning system are as follows:
1) the three-level acousto-optic early warning of yellow, orange and red is adopted, and the imminent lightning is divided into different danger levels according to different time, intensity and the like, so that different acousto-optic alarms are sent out;
2) the information such as field intensity and the like can be displayed on the client in real time;
3) the system has an information recording function, the storage space is far more than 1 year, and a user can conveniently look up historical record data and perform data analysis;
4) according to the historical data analysis result, the alarm threshold value of the equipment can be remotely modified, and the lightning false alarm rate of the equipment is reduced.
The software functions of the lightning monitoring and early warning system are as follows:
1) displaying the current electric field strength in real time;
2) setting site information parameters;
3) configuring administrator authority;
4) according to the electric field change information, lightning early warning information is sent out through operation judgment and the like;
5) displaying information such as an atmospheric electric field, the height of a lifting rod of a lifting system, battery voltage, resistance of a down lead, flow velocity and the like, and drawing an atmospheric electric field curve and visualizing the height of the lifting rod;
6) lightning early warning and identification:
(a) the monitoring points are green: no lightning activity;
(b) the monitoring points show yellow: lightning first-level early warning, wherein thunderclouds are gathering;
(c) the monitoring point shows orange: lightning secondary early warning, and formation of thunderstorm cloud;
(d) the monitoring points are displayed in red: and (4) lightning three-level early warning is carried out, the thunderstorm cloud is completed, and lightning activities occur locally.
An automatic control system: the lightning monitoring and warning system is arranged in a special vehicle and is connected with the lightning monitoring and warning system, the lightning receiving device, the lifting system and the grounding system through cables with lightning large-current protection functions; judging whether a pre-designed lightning weather early warning condition is met or not according to the monitoring data of the lightning monitoring early warning system, and if so, controlling the lightning monitoring early warning system to start early warning of a corresponding level; when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data show a trend of gradually increasing from low to high, if the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data reach a direct lightning weather protection condition, sending a rising signal to the lifting system and the lightning receiving device, and sending a grounding starting signal to the grounding system; when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data show a trend of gradually weakening from high to low, if the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data are lower than the direct lightning weather protection condition, sending a descending signal to the lifting system and the lightning receiving device, and sending a grounding ending signal to the grounding system;
the pre-designed lightning weather early warning conditions comprise lightning weather early warning conditions, near lightning weather early warning conditions and direct lightning weather protection conditions, when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data reach 2-4kV/m, the lightning weather early warning conditions are considered to be met, and the automatic control system controls the lightning monitoring early warning system to start primary early warning; when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data reach 4-6kV/m, the near-lightning weather early warning condition is considered to be met, and the automatic control system controls the lightning monitoring early warning system to start secondary early warning; when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data reach 6-10kV/m, the direct lightning weather protection condition is considered to be met, and the automatic control system controls the lightning monitoring and early warning system to start three-stage early warning.
A lightning receiving device: the lifting device is arranged at the top end of the lifting system and is folded downwards when the direct lightning weather protection condition is not met; after receiving a rising signal sent by an automatic control system, vertically upwards entering a direct lightning receiving mode; and after receiving a descending signal sent by the automatic control system, the lifting system descends along with the vertical state, and is folded downwards and retracted after being descended to the initial position of the lifting system.
Considering that the overall height of the lifting system and the lightning arrester is not too high in the running process of the special vehicle, 10m is optimal. The lightning receptor is designed into the lightning receptor capable of realizing the function of lightning receptor in advance, and the lightning receptor generates an ascending head-on pilot in advance to attract direct lightning by automatically controlling the discharge time of a capacitor arranged on the lightning receptor so as to enlarge the direct lightning protection range of the lightning receptor. The working principle of the advanced lightning receptor is to generate an upstream leader which is faster than that of the conventional lightning receptor. When the thunder cloud layer is formed, a stronger atmospheric electric field is generated between the cloud layer and the ground, and the electric field strength can reach 5-6 kV/m. Thereby causing a corona discharge to start on the raised portion or metal part of the advanced lightning receptor. When a down leader is formed inside the lightning cloud, the lightning shock is initiated. The charges of the descending leader move towards the ground in a step form, and the electric field is established by the charges carried by the descending leader on the ground. At this time, an upstream leader is generated from the advanced lightning receiving device. The upstream leader propagates upward until it meets the downstream leader. At the moment, the lightning current flows through the formed channel and is converged into the ground, and lightning receiving is completed.
The lifting system comprises: the lifting system is arranged on the side surface or the top of the special vehicle head, has automatic/manual lifting capacity according to the requirement that the special vehicle needs to be quickly arranged and removed in the field, and is positioned at an initial position and in a retracted state when the direct lightning weather protection condition is not met; after a rising signal sent by an automatic control system is received, rising to a preset position; and after receiving a descending signal sent by the automatic control system, descending to an initial position.
A grounding system: the grounding device is arranged at the chassis of the tail of the special vehicle, and when a grounding starting signal sent by an automatic control system is received, the special vehicle is quickly and reliably grounded in the moving process or under the condition of field temporary parking; and when a grounding ending signal sent by the automatic control system is received, withdrawing the special vehicle in the moving process or under the condition of field temporary parking.
The grounding system comprises a fluid grounding device and an auxiliary grounding device for special vehicles in the moving process, and comprises a grounding electrode and an auxiliary grounding device for special vehicles in the field temporary parking condition.
The grounding electrode is composed of a plurality of vertical grounding bodies, and in order to reduce the shielding effect of the adjacent grounding bodies, the distance between the grounding bodies is generally more than or equal to 3 meters. The deeper the grounding body is buried, the smaller the change of the soil humidity and temperature is, and the more stable the grounding resistance is. According to the actual situation of the station, the grounding resistance value is ensured to be reached as much as possible. The grounding electrodes are connected by soft copper wires with the square diameter of more than or equal to 35 to form a network. The schematic diagram of the arrangement of the grounding electrode is shown in the attached figure 2.
For example, the following steps are carried out:
if the grounding resistance value under the field temporary parking condition is required to be 4 omega, the area of the ground net is shown in the following table 1 correspondingly under different soil resistivity conditions:
TABLE 1 relationship of ground resistance to soil resistivity and area of the earth mat
As described above, it is very difficult to control the ground resistance of the ground grid to 4 Ω in the high resistivity region. Other auxiliary ways should be taken to improve the grounding effect in the fixed state.
As is clear from Table 1, in the region where the soil resistivity is 100. omega. m, the ground resistance value should be 4. omega. and the area of the ground grid should be at least 156.25m2According to the design of 4m × 4m of the ground screen, the number of the grids is at least 12, and in this case, the ground screen area is 12 × 16-192 m2. In practice, however, the difference in resistivity of the soil will result in groundingThe continuous increase of the area of the pole or the ground screen affects the requirement of rapid erection and withdrawal of the device, so that additional auxiliary measures must be added to reduce the ground resistance.
Meanwhile, a three-dimensional ground grid designed with a grounding electrode is required. In general, the ground screen area should be controlled at 70m2The ground resistance value at this time is not equal to 6 Ω, and does not satisfy the requirement of the ground resistance of 4 Ω. Therefore, the invention adopts a composite grounding grid combining horizontal grounding and vertical grounding.
The grounding resistance of the grounding electrode formed by a plurality of vertical grounding bodies can be calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula:
r-resistance of ground grid (omega. m);
n is the number of grounding bodies (m);
k is the utilization factor;
rv — ground resistance of ground body (Ω);
due to 70m2The ground net ground resistance of area can reach 6 omega, therefore, the quantity of grounding body as long as satisfy the ground resistance of establishing with the ground net after parallelly connected 4 omega can, then according to the equation (when ground interelectrode interval is greater than its length 2 times, k equals approximately 1), can calculate under the condition that rho equals 100 omega m, the quantity that needs to install perpendicular grounding body is: 6 roots of the Chinese medicinal materials. At this time, the ground resistance value R of the entire ground grid becomes 3.75 Ω. The requirement of 4 omega of grounding resistance can be met.
In order to reduce the mutual shielding effect and fully utilize the grounding bodies, the embedding distance of the grounding bodies should be more than 2 times of the length of the grounding bodies, according to the analysis, the grids between the grounding bodies are selected to be 6m multiplied by 6m, and 35mm is adopted between the grounding bodies2The copper strands are connected as shown in fig. 2.
The fluid grounding device carries a liquid medium with conductive properties. When lightning current needs to be discharged and an automatic control system sends a grounding starting signal, the fluid grounding device discharges the lightning current by spraying a conductive medium to the ground, and the lightning current is introduced into the ground according to a specified path, so that the rapid discharge of the lightning current is realized. The fluid grounding device is in signal communication with the automatic control system via a fiber optic interface. After the fluid grounding device receives the grounding starting signal, a control unit circuit in the fluid grounding device carries out photoelectric conversion, clamping filtering and other processing on the signal to drive the spraying device to act, and the spraying fluid is grounded. The electric energy of the storage battery of the fluid grounding device is converted by voltage and then supplies power for the control unit circuit. The control unit circuit monitors the power supply voltage on line and gives an alarm when the power supply voltage is lower than a set threshold value. The fluid grounding device needs fluid medium capacity and continuous spraying time, and can realize quick grounding in the moving and driving process.
In order to respectively improve the grounding performance of the grounding system in two states (during moving and under the condition of temporary parking in the field), the auxiliary grounding device is used as an auxiliary grounding measure for increasing the grounding area in the two states.
The main functions of the auxiliary grounding device are: when the vehicle is in a complex terrain condition and the fluid grounding device or the grounding electrode cannot provide complete reliable grounding during moving or temporary parking in the field, the auxiliary grounding device is adopted to complete the normal grounding resistance.
The auxiliary grounding device needs to satisfy the following conditions:
a) the auxiliary grounding keeps rolling contact with the ground;
b) the material of the auxiliary grounding device contacting with the ground must have good conductivity;
c) the material of the auxiliary grounding device contacting with the ground has to have good wear resistance;
d) when the road surface is uneven or has obstacles such as stones, the road surface can be in good contact with the ground and the reliable grounding is ensured;
e) when the road surface is uneven or obstacles such as stones exist, the road has good trafficability;
f) when the auxiliary grounding device is dragged by an obstacle, the vehicle body structure is not damaged.
The action degree of the auxiliary grounding device aiming at the direct lightning is divided into a direct lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with small current of 20kA or less and a direct lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with large current of 20-200 kA.
As shown in fig. 3, the direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with small current of 20kA or less comprises a folding support frame, a reinforcing fixing frame, a main shaft, a conductive disc and a conductive wheel; the direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with small current of 20kA or less is in insulation connection with a chassis at the tail of a special vehicle through a folding support frame, the folding support frame is connected with a main shaft and is reinforced through a reinforcing fixing frame, and conductive wheels are fixed on two sides of the main shaft through fastening screws and can freely rotate along the main shaft; the conductive disc is fixed on the main shaft and positioned outside the conductive wheel, and the conductive disc is made of a metal material with high conductivity, such as black copper; lightning current is led into the conductive disc from the lightning receiving device by the downlead, is led into the conductive wheel by the conductive disc, and then is led into the ground by the conductive wheel to complete the whole loop.
As shown in fig. 4, the folding support frame includes an insulating fixing seat, a connecting rod, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a third connecting rod, a universal spring, and a buffer spring; the folding support frame is connected with a chassis of the tail of the special vehicle through an insulating fixed seat, the insulating fixed seat is respectively connected with a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod through hinges, the first connecting rod is connected with a connecting rod through a universal spring, the second connecting rod is connected with a third connecting rod through a buffer spring, the third connecting rod is connected with the connecting rod through a hinge, and the connecting rod is connected with a main shaft; the connecting rod is connected with the first connecting rod through a universal spring and rotates on the insulating fixed seat around the hinge 1.
In order to facilitate driving under poor road conditions, the conductive wheel is designed into a triangular wheel, the triangular wheel comprises a triangular frame, grounding rollers and a grounding roller shaft, the three grounding rollers are arranged at the three tail ends of the triangular frame through the grounding roller shaft and are fixed through fasteners, and the triangular frame is connected with the main shaft through a bearing to realize integral rotation. As shown in fig. 5.
The grounding roller is made of conductive rubber (embedded with copper core wires), the weight of the auxiliary grounding structure is about 10kg, and the volume resistivity of the conductive rubber is 0.1 omega cm. Auxiliary earthing device gyro wheel conductive rubber volume resistivity: 0.1 omega cm. The reliable connection of a lightning current path and the ground can be realized, and the static charges accumulated on the vehicle mounting platform can be released.
Each grounding roller grounding area S1H 1L 1 (H1: width of grounding roller; L1: length of grounding roller-to-ground contact area)
In one embodiment, the single wheel width H1 is 50 mm. The optimal height compression amount of the conductive rubber sheet is 7-15%, and the conductive rubber sheet is obtained by a geometric algorithm, wherein L1 is 12.34mm
Contact area: s1General assembly＝H1*L1*4＝50mm*12.34mm*4≈2468mm2。
The direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with small current of 20kA or below meets the following requirements:
a) the whole auxiliary grounding device is always kept in elastic contact with the ground;
b) the auxiliary grounding device can move up and down and has certain up-and-down buffering capacity;
the auxiliary grounding device can move back and forth and has certain collision buffering capacity;
c) the auxiliary grounding device has a ladder climbing function and can directly pass through a ramp and a small-volume obstacle with the height of 150 mm;
d) two grounding rollers contact the ground at the same time, and the grounding stability is good.
As shown in fig. 6, the direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with large current of 20kA-200 kA: the device comprises a telescopic structure, a damping spring and a crawler wheel; the telescopic structure, the damping spring and the crawler wheel are made of metal materials, the telescopic structure is installed on the crawler wheel through the damping spring, the side face of the wheel of the crawler wheel is provided with the conductive disc, when lightning current is conducted to the conductive disc through the lightning receiving device, the lightning current on the conductive disc is conducted to the metal crawler belt through the wheel of the metal crawler wheel, the large grounding area of the metal crawler belt is discharged to the ground quickly, and the quick grounding of a special vehicle under the condition of temporary parking in the moving process or in the field is achieved. The shock absorption spring reduces the impact of the ground on the crawler wheels and the telescopic structure, and protects the whole set of device.
The telescopic structure has an electric control up-down lifting function, the stroke is 100mm, so that the telescopic structure is suitable for different geological conditions or road conditions, and mechanical damage of the direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with the large current of 20-200kA is prevented.
As shown in fig. 7, the telescopic structure comprises a mounting plate, a guide sleeve, a guide post, a support plate, a connecting plate and an electric push rod;
the mounting plate is connected to the tail chassis of the special vehicle by a steering flange to ensure free steering; the electric push rod is arranged in the center of the lower surface of the mounting plate, guide posts are symmetrically arranged on the periphery of the mounting plate, the connecting plate is mounted on the crawler wheel through the damping spring, the supporting plate is mounted on the connecting plate, the guide posts penetrate through the supporting plate, the guide sleeves are sleeved on the guide posts, and the guide sleeves are located above the supporting plate to play a role in stabilizing the electric push rod and the supporting plate; when an obstacle or an uneven road surface is encountered, the electric push rod is contracted to drive the connecting plate/the supporting plate to move upwards, so that the crawler wheel is lifted, and the direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with the large current of 20kA-200kA cannot be mechanically damaged. When the road surface is flat, the electric push rod is unfolded to drive the connecting plate/the supporting plate to move downwards, so that the metal crawler wheels are reliably grounded with the ground, and the grounding area is enlarged.
The crawler wheel is divided into four parts, namely a wheel frame, a wheel, a crawler belt and a conductive disc, and the whole is made of metal materials, as shown in figure 8, wherein the wheel frame is a structural support part, and the conductive disc is used for leading current on the crawler belt into a grounding wire directly to protect a bearing.
The direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with the large current of 20-200kA meets the following requirements:
a) the auxiliary grounding device can move up and down and has certain up-and-down buffering capacity;
b) the crawler-type double wheels are in contact with the ground, so that the grounding stability is good;
c) finally, the whole set of auxiliary grounding device is ensured to have high firmness and feasibility.
The crawler wheel has the advantages that the crawler wheel has severe working conditions, sufficient strength and rigidity, good wear resistance requirements and light weight, the consumption of metal is reduced, the dynamic load during rotation is reduced, the crawler belt and the ground have good adhesion performance, and normal running is guaranteed. The auxiliary ground-engaging rotary device of the invention has the weight of about 55kg, and 4 buffer springs are added to exert force on the ground (each spring force is about 30kg), the total number of the crawler wheels is 2, so the weight of the whole device on the ground is as follows: g55 +30 × 4 175 kg;
each crawler belt grounding area S2H 2L 2(H2 is the width of the crawler belt; L2 is the length of the contact area between the crawler belt and the ground)
In one embodiment, S2General assembly＝210*600*2＝28800mm2＝0.252m2And the requirement of the grounding area is met.
The support length L of the crawler wheel, the gauge B and the hanging width B of the crawler plate are reasonably matched, so that the ground pressure is reduced, and the adhesion performance meets the requirement. L2 is expressed as the ground contact length of the track wheel in m; h is0Is the height of the track in m; g represents the whole weight of the machine and has the unit of T.
In one embodiment of the present invention,
L≈L2+0.67h0＝600+0.67×152≈700mm
Track pitch t0And the number of teeth z should meet the strength and stiffness requirements. In this case, the number of teeth is selected as small as possible to reduce the height of the track.
According to the relation between the pitch and the weight of the whole machine:
wherein
Taking 0.25 as a safety factor; t is t0In units of mm, G in kg, there are
Let LGeneral assemblyShowing the overall length of the track of one track wheel:
then
According to the calculation result, the width of the crawler belt is 210mm, and the total length is 1550 mm.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a ground movable type lightning protection system that strikes directly which characterized in that: the lightning monitoring and early warning system comprises a lightning monitoring and early warning system, a lightning receiving device, a lifting system, a grounding system and an automatic control system;
thunder and lightning monitoring early warning system: the system is arranged on a special vehicle, monitors the atmosphere electric field environment around the special vehicle in real time, and sends monitoring data to an automatic control system;
an automatic control system: the lightning monitoring and warning system is arranged in a special vehicle and is connected with the lightning monitoring and warning system, the lightning receiving device, the lifting system and the grounding system through cables with lightning large-current protection functions; judging whether a pre-designed lightning weather early warning condition is met or not according to the monitoring data of the lightning monitoring early warning system, and if so, controlling the lightning monitoring early warning system to start early warning of a corresponding level; when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data show a trend of gradually increasing from low to high, if the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data reach a direct lightning weather protection condition, sending a rising signal to the lifting system and the lightning receiving device, and sending a grounding starting signal to the grounding system; when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data show a trend of gradually weakening from high to low, if the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data are lower than the direct lightning weather protection condition, sending a descending signal to the lifting system and the lightning receiving device, and sending a grounding ending signal to the grounding system;
a lightning receiving device: the lifting device is arranged at the top end of the lifting system and is folded downwards when the direct lightning weather protection condition is not met; after receiving a rising signal sent by an automatic control system, vertically upwards entering a direct lightning receiving mode; when a descending signal sent by the automatic control system is received, the lifting system descends along with the vertical state, and the lifting system is folded downwards and retracted after the lifting system descends to the initial position;
the lifting system comprises: the lifting system is arranged on the side surface or the top of the special vehicle head, has automatic/manual lifting capacity according to the requirement that the special vehicle needs to be quickly arranged and removed in the field, and is positioned at an initial position and in a retracted state when the direct lightning weather protection condition is not met; after a rising signal sent by an automatic control system is received, rising to a preset position; after a descending signal sent by an automatic control system is received, descending to an initial position;
a grounding system: the grounding device is arranged at the chassis of the tail of the special vehicle, and when a grounding starting signal sent by an automatic control system is received, the special vehicle is quickly and reliably grounded in the moving process or under the condition of field temporary parking; when a grounding ending signal sent by an automatic control system is received, withdrawing the special vehicle in the moving process or under the condition of field temporary parking;
aiming at a special vehicle in a moving process, the grounding system comprises a fluid grounding device and an auxiliary grounding device, and aiming at the special vehicle under the field temporary parking condition, the grounding system comprises a grounding electrode and the auxiliary grounding device;
aiming at the action degree of direct lightning, the auxiliary grounding devices are divided into a direct lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with low current of 20kA or less and a direct lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with high current of 20kA-200 kA;
the direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with low current of 20kA or less comprises a folding support frame, a reinforcing fixed frame, a main shaft, a conductive disc and a conductive wheel; the direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with small current of 20kA or less is in insulation connection with a chassis at the tail of a special vehicle through a folding support frame, the folding support frame is connected with a main shaft and is reinforced through a reinforcing fixing frame, and conductive wheels are fixed on two sides of the main shaft through fastening screws and can freely rotate along the main shaft; the conductive disc is fixed on the main shaft and is positioned outside the conductive wheel; lightning current is led into the conductive disc from the lightning receiving device by the downlead, is led into the conductive wheel by the conductive disc, and then is led into the ground by the conductive wheel to complete the whole loop.
2. The ground-moving type direct lightning protection system according to claim 1, wherein: the pre-designed lightning weather early warning conditions comprise lightning weather early warning conditions, near lightning weather early warning conditions and direct lightning weather protection conditions, when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data reach 2kV/m, the lightning weather early warning conditions are considered to be met, and the automatic control system controls the lightning monitoring early warning system to start primary early warning; when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data reach 4kV/m, the near-lightning weather early warning condition is considered to be met, and the automatic control system controls the lightning monitoring early warning system to start secondary early warning; when the atmospheric electric field environment monitoring data reaches 6kV/m, the direct lightning weather protection condition is considered to be met, and the automatic control system controls the lightning monitoring and early warning system to start three-stage early warning.
3. The ground-moving type direct lightning protection system according to claim 1, wherein: the grounding electrode is composed of a plurality of vertical grounding bodies, the distance between the grounding bodies is more than or equal to 3 meters, and the grounding bodies are connected by annealed copper wires more than or equal to 35 square to form a network.
4. The ground-moving type direct lightning protection system according to claim 1, wherein: the fluid grounding device carries a conductive medium, and when the automatic control system sends a grounding starting signal, the fluid grounding device discharges the lightning current by spraying the conductive medium to the ground, so that the lightning current is introduced into the ground according to a specified path, and the rapid discharge of the lightning current is realized.
5. The ground-moving type direct lightning protection system according to claim 1, wherein: the folding support frame comprises an insulating fixed seat, a connecting rod, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a third connecting rod, a universal spring and a buffer spring; the folding support frame is connected with a chassis of the tail of the special vehicle through an insulating fixed seat, the insulating fixed seat is connected with a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod through hinges respectively, the first connecting rod is connected with a connecting rod through a universal spring, the second connecting rod is connected with a third connecting rod through a buffer spring, the third connecting rod is connected with the connecting rod through a hinge, and the connecting rod is connected with a main shaft.
6. The ground-moving type direct lightning protection system according to claim 1, wherein: the conductive wheel is a triangular wheel and comprises a triangular frame, a grounding roller and a grounding roller shaft, the three grounding rollers are arranged at the three tail ends of the triangular frame through the grounding roller shaft and are fixed through fasteners, and the triangular frame is connected with the main shaft through a bearing to realize integral rotation.
7. The ground-moving type direct lightning protection system according to claim 6, wherein: the grounding roller is made of conductive rubber with embedded copper core wires, and the volume resistivity of the conductive rubber is 0.1 omega cm.
8. The ground-moving type direct lightning protection system according to claim 7, wherein: each grounding roller grounding area S1H 1L 1; h1 is the width of the grounding roller, L1 is the length of the contact area between the grounding roller and the ground, and the total grounding area S1 formed between the conductive rubber roller and the ground at the same time under the moving conditionGeneral assembly＝S1*4，S1General assemblyCan lead small current of 20kA or less to pass S1General assemblyAnd discharging to the ground.
9. The ground-moving type direct lightning protection system according to claim 1, wherein: the 20kA-200kA high-current direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device comprises a telescopic structure, a damping spring and crawler wheels; the telescopic structure, the damping spring and the crawler wheel are made of metal materials, the telescopic structure is installed on the crawler wheel through the damping spring, the conductive disc is installed on the side face of the wheel of the crawler wheel, when lightning current is conducted to the conductive disc through the lightning receiving device, the lightning current on the conductive disc is conducted to the metal crawler belt through the wheel of the metal crawler wheel, the large grounding area of the metal crawler belt is discharged to the ground quickly, and the quick grounding of a special vehicle under the temporary parking condition in the moving process or in the field is achieved.
10. The ground-moving type direct lightning protection system according to claim 9, wherein: the telescopic structure has an electric control up-down lifting function, the stroke is 100mm, so that the telescopic structure is suitable for different geological conditions or road conditions, and the mechanical damage of a direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with a large current of 20kA-200kA is prevented;
the telescopic structure comprises a mounting plate, a guide sleeve, a guide pillar, a support plate, a connecting plate and an electric push rod;
the mounting plate is connected to the tail chassis of the special vehicle by a steering flange to ensure free steering; the electric push rod is arranged in the center of the lower surface of the mounting plate, guide posts are symmetrically arranged on the periphery of the mounting plate, the connecting plate is mounted on the crawler wheel through the damping spring, the supporting plate is mounted on the connecting plate, the guide posts penetrate through the supporting plate, the guide sleeves are sleeved on the guide posts, and the guide sleeves are located above the supporting plate to play a role in stabilizing the electric push rod and the supporting plate; when an obstacle or an uneven road surface is encountered, the electric push rod is contracted to drive the connecting plate and the supporting plate to move upwards, so that the crawler wheels are lifted, and the direct-striking lightning protection auxiliary grounding device with the large current of 20kA-200kA cannot be mechanically damaged; when the road surface is flat, the electric push rod is unfolded to drive the connecting plate and the supporting plate to move downwards, so that the metal crawler wheels are reliably grounded with the ground, and the grounding area is enlarged.
11. The ground-moving type direct lightning protection system according to claim 10, wherein: each track ground contact area S2 ═ H2 × L2; h2 is the width of the track, L2 is the length of the contact area between the track and the ground, S2General assemblyIn order to obtain the total ground contact area between the metal track wheel and the ground at the same time under the moving condition, S2General assembly＝S2*2，S2General assemblyCan lead the small current of 20kA-200kA to be totally discharged to the ground through S2.
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| CN112736503B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-10-18 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Mobile grounding device adaptive to various geographic environments and using method thereof |
| CN112721840B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-10-18 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Self-adaptive mobile grounding device and self-adaptive mobile grounding method thereof |
| CN113488952B (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2022-06-03 | 郑州工业应用技术学院 | Automatic control lightning-protection lightning-drawing system for transformer substation |
| CN114649750A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-21 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Lightning early warning protection system and method for field equipment |
| CN117673778A (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-03-08 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Vehicle-mounted rapid-response manual lightning guiding system |
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