CN111082890B - OLP channel protection switching method based on OTN residual wave - Google Patents
OLP channel protection switching method based on OTN residual wave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于OTN富余波的OLP通道保护切换方法，步骤包括：（1）SDH系统主备用路由之间成对安装光纤线路自动保护切换装置和波长转换装置；（2）SDH系统主备用路由的发光信号TX接入光纤线路自动保护切换装置，其输出分别接入对端的光纤线路自动保护切换装置和波长转换装置；（3）波长转换装置将光波转换后输出至MCU合波器，后传至DEMUX分波器；（4）DEMUX分波器的输出经对端的波长转换装置后输出至对端的光纤线路自动保护切换装置；对端的SDH系统主备用路由接收相邻光纤线路自动保护切换装置的收光信号RX；若主用线路故障，则通过备用OTN富余波实现备用保护；本发明通过OTN富余波的复用，实现用单对光缆，解决多达几十个OLP备用通道的保护问题。
The present invention relates to an OLP channel protection switching method based on OTN rich residual wave. The steps include: (1) installing an optical fiber line automatic protection switching device and a wavelength conversion device in pairs between the main and standby routes of the SDH system; (2) the main and standby SDH system The routed luminous signal T X is connected to the automatic protection switching device of the optical fiber line, and its output is respectively connected to the automatic protection switching device and the wavelength conversion device of the optical fiber line at the opposite end; (3) The wavelength conversion device converts the light wave and outputs it to the MCU combiner, After transmission to the DEMUX demultiplexer; (4) The output of the DEMUX demultiplexer is output to the opposite end's optical fiber line automatic protection switching device after passing through the opposite end's wavelength conversion device; the opposite end's SDH system main and standby route receives the adjacent optical fiber line automatic protection switching The light-receiving signal RX of the device; if the main line fails, the backup protection is realized through the backup OTN rich aftermath; the present invention realizes the use of a single pair of optical cables through the multiplexing of the OTN rich aftermath to solve the problem of up to dozens of OLP backup channels. protection issues.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an OLP channel protection switching method based on OTN redundant waves, and belongs to the field of optical path transmission.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid growth of power grid data services and the appearance of novel high-capacity comprehensive data carrying networks, scheduling data networks and the like, new requirements are put forward on backbone transport network networks, and the SDH technology is obviously insufficient in the aspects of bandwidth capacity, adaptation, carrying efficiency and the like for high-capacity data services; the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology cannot provide flexible service transmission and scheduling, cannot realize high reliability and maintainability of the network, and has certain functional defects.
At present, optical cables are used as main carriers of power communication and bear important services such as relay protection, scheduling data networks, data communication networks and the like. The fault of the optical fiber directly causes the interruption of the carried optical connection, and the safe and stable operation of the power grid is influenced. When the optical fiber fails, the automatic optical fiber switching device can improve the failure handling efficiency, reduce the service influence time and reduce the first-line operation and maintenance pressure. However, at present, the automatic optical fiber switching device is not widely popularized in the application of the power grid system, and the main reason is that: (1) the existing optical fiber automatic switching device adopts a 1+1 mode to protect an optical fiber channel, a main channel and a standby channel respectively occupy different optical fiber resources, and the existing optical fiber automatic switching device has serious defects in optical cable resources and cannot meet the requirement of the standby channel for carrying out protection service transmission; (2) the main optical cable and the standby optical cable adopt different routes, and the optical fibers are automatically switched into lossless switching, so that the service bearing requirements of relay protection, safety control and the like are not met.
The stability of the optical network directly affects the design and construction of the network, and the protection and recovery of the optical path layer have a great influence on the safety and stability of the whole optical network. The optical path automatic switching protection system can effectively prevent and compress faults of an optical cable transmission system, and blocking resistance and disaster resistance of an optical communication network are improved. As such, the optical path automatic switching protection system is widely used in the existing networks of large telecommunication operators. Meanwhile, the introduction of the optical path automatic switching protection system also brings new potential safety hazards to the operation and maintenance of the existing network, for example, in the existing network maintenance, the continuous switching of the downstream automatic switching protection system caused by the cutting, receiving and fiber breaking of the upstream relay segment is found for many times, so that the service is interrupted frequently, and the user complaints are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an OLP channel protection switching method based on OTN redundant waves.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an OLP channel protection switching method based on OTN redundant waves comprises the following steps:
step (1), installing an optical fiber circuit automatic protection switching device and a wavelength conversion device in pairs between main and standby routes of two adjacent SDH systems;
step (2) of sending the luminous signal T of the main and standby routes of the SDH systemXAn automatic protection switching device connected to optical fiber line for transmitting light signal TXThe optical fiber line automatic protection switching device is divided into two paths, one path is accessed to a receiving end of the optical fiber line automatic protection switching device at the opposite end, and the other path is accessed to the wavelength conversion device;
step (3), the wavelength conversion device converts the light waves into wavelengths which can be identified by the MUX wave combiner, outputs the wavelengths to the MUX wave combiner, and transmits the wavelengths to the DEMUX wave separator after the wavelengths are combined by the MUX wave combiner;
step (4), the output of DEMUX wave separator can be identified by the automatic protection switching device of optical fiber circuit which can convert light wave into opposite end by wavelength conversion device of opposite endOutputting the other wavelengths to a receiving end of the optical fiber circuit automatic protection switching device at the opposite end; receiving optical signal R of main/standby route receiving adjacent optical fiber circuit automatic protection switching device of SDH system at opposite endX(ii) a If the main line fails, the standby protection is realized through the spare OTN redundant waves.
Further, the automatic protection switching device for the optical fiber circuit comprises an optical splitter and an optical switch.
Further, the main/standby route of the SDH system is a main/standby route of a 2.5G SDH system.
Further, the wavelength conversion device is a 2.5G wavelength conversion device.
Further, the MUX combiner and the DEMUX wave separator are connected through an optical cable.
Further, the MUX combiner and the DEMUX splitter include a diffraction grating type, a prism type, and a waveguide type.
Further, the optical switch is used for selectively switching the main optical path and the standby optical path.
Further, the OTN is a transport network based on wavelength division multiplexing technology, and is organized in an optical layer network.
Furthermore, a hot backup mechanism of double-transmitting-receiving end single-end switching is adopted between the optical fiber circuit automatic protection switching devices installed in pairs.
Further, the wavelength conversion device converts the light wave into a wavelength which can be identified by the MUX combiner according to the wavelength corresponding to the vacant wavelength band, and the wavelength which can be identified by the MUX combiner is the wavelength corresponding to the vacant wavelength band.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the same pair of sites, more services need to be protected, optical cable fiber core resources are more tense, and sufficient spare fiber cores cannot be provided coordinately.
The invention can solve the problem by the OTN multiplexing and demultiplexing technology through a plurality of OLP devices on the main link which need to carry out the protection service of automatic switching, but the optical cable resources are insufficient and only a single pair of optical cables is provided.
The optical fiber line automatic protection switching device and the wavelength conversion device are used in pairs, the side of a protected device is connected to an SDH end, the main use of the line side is connected to an original optical cable line, namely an OLP Tx end, and the optical cable line is divided into two parts in a 1+1 mode, one part is directly connected to a receiving end of an OLP at an opposite end, the other part enters a spare line optical signal and is connected to the optical wavelength conversion device firstly, the spare line optical signal is converted into a wavelength which can be identified by a MUX combiner and then enters the MUX combiner for processing, the combined optical cable is transmitted to the DEMUX wave splitter and enters the OLP receiving end at the opposite end after separation, and if the main line fails, spare protection is realized through spare OTN redundant waves.
The OLP channel protection adopts a 1+1 protection mode, also called a dual-transmission selective-reception mode, that is, a transmitting end of the OLP device divides a service light 1 of a transmission device into 2, and sends the 2 to a main working route and a standby working route respectively, a receiving end of the OLP compares optical signals of the main and standby routes, selects an available path for reception, and selects a hot backup mechanism of dual-transmission-end single-end switching for preference. The service of the method has no limitation at present and does not occupy the side port of the OTN equipment client.
On one hand, the number and the access depth of debugging intervention manufacturers for research integration are reduced, debugging in OTN equipment is reduced, information gathering can be realized in a unified network pipe by a protection function, and problems can be found, controlled and solved conveniently; meanwhile, the method improves the research universality of the scheme, avoids risks of subtle and different internal processes and flows in the function realization process of different OTN manufacturers in the subsequent application process, and provides the research result universality.
For the relay protection service, after the main line is interrupted, the invention can set 1s time delay before line switching, and can set the optical switch switching time on the network management without adding hardware equipment.
The invention realizes the protection of dozens of OLP standby channels by using a single pair of optical cables through the multiplexing of OTN redundant waves, and greatly solves the problem of insufficient optical cable resources at present.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a table showing the wavelength mapping of the C-band channel.
Fig. 3 is a table of attenuation supplement strategy.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail and fully with reference to fig. 1 and the following detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment 1 relates to an OLP channel protection switching method based on OTN redundancy, which includes:
step (1), installing an optical fiber circuit automatic protection switching device and a wavelength conversion device in pairs between main and standby routes of two adjacent SDH systems;
step (2) of sending the luminous signal T of the main and standby routes of the SDH systemXAn automatic protection switching device connected to optical fiber line for transmitting light signal TXThe optical fiber line automatic protection switching device is divided into two paths, one path is accessed to a receiving end of the optical fiber line automatic protection switching device at the opposite end, and the other path is accessed to the wavelength conversion device;
step (3), the wavelength conversion device converts the light waves into wavelengths which can be identified by the MUX wave combiner, outputs the wavelengths to the MUX wave combiner, and transmits the wavelengths to the DEMUX wave separator after the wavelengths are combined by the MUX wave combiner;
step (4), converting the output of the DEMUX wave separator into a wavelength which can be identified by the optical fiber circuit automatic protection switching device at the opposite end through the wavelength conversion device at the opposite end, and outputting the wavelength to the receiving end of the optical fiber circuit automatic protection switching device at the opposite end; receiving optical signal R of main/standby route receiving adjacent optical fiber circuit automatic protection switching device of SDH system at opposite endX(ii) a If the main line fails, the standby protection is realized through the spare OTN redundant waves.
Further, the automatic protection switching device for the optical fiber circuit comprises an optical splitter and an optical switch.
Further, the main/standby route of the SDH system is a main/standby route of a 2.5G SDH system.
Further, the wavelength conversion device is a 2.5G wavelength conversion device.
For example, in the current OTN system of 80 waves, during planning, it is required to know which are vacant bands, identify the vacant bands through a wavelength conversion device (OEO) to be wavelengths identifiable by an OTN combiner, transmit the wavelengths through the combiner, and transmit the wavelengths through a single pair of optical fibers. The table in fig. 2 is a C-band channel wavelength mapping table.
For example: the C band 5 is a vacant band, the wavelength is 1530.72nm as can be known from the table, and the wavelength of the OLP optical fiber can be transmitted in the OTN rich residual wave after being converted into the recognizable wavelength 1530.72nm by the wavelength conversion device before entering the OTN wave combiner.
Further, the MUX combiner and the DEMUX wave separator are connected through an optical cable.
Further, the MUX combiner and the DEMUX splitter include a diffraction grating type, a prism type, and a waveguide type.
Further, the optical switch is used for selectively switching the main optical path and the standby optical path.
Further, the OTN is a transport network based on wavelength division multiplexing technology, and is organized in an optical layer network.
The OTN is a new generation 'digital transmission system' and 'optical transmission system' specified by a series of ITU-T recommendations such as g.872, g.709, g.798, and will solve the problems of poor wavelength/sub-wavelength service scheduling capability, weak networking capability, weak protection capability, and the like of the conventional WDM network.
OTN spans the traditional electrical domain (digital transport) and optical domain (analog transport), and is a unified standard that manages both the electrical and optical domains.
The basic object of OTN processing is wavelength level traffic, which pushes the transport network to the true multi-wavelength optical network stage. Due to the combination of the advantages of optical domain and electrical domain processing, OTN can provide huge transport capacity, fully transparent end-to-end wavelength/sub-wavelength connection and carrier-grade protection, and is the optimal technology for transporting broadband large-granule services.
According to the network layering of the OTN technology, the network layering can be divided into three layers, namely an optical channel layer, an optical multiplexing section layer and an optical transport section layer. In addition, to solve the problem of digital monitoring of the client signal, the optical channel layer is further divided into two sub-layers, namely an optical channel transport unit (OTUk) and an optical channel data unit (ODUk), similar to the segment layer and the channel layer of the SDH technology. Therefore, in the technical essence, the OTN technology inherits and combines the traditional advantages of existing SDH and WDM more effectively, and expands the networking function adapted to the service transmission requirement, while from the equipment type, the OTN equipment is equivalent to the combination of SDH and WDM equipment into one equipment, and expands the advantageous functions of the original equipment type.
Common technical principles of OTN include:
(1) FEC and AFEC techniques
The FEC technology is simply an error correction coding technology, which uses RS codes, and can correct byte errors at up to 8 arbitrary positions in every 255 bytes, and has a relatively strong error correction capability. The adoption of the FEC technology can correct error codes generated in the signal transmission process, improve the signal-to-noise ratio tolerance of optical signals at a receiving end and prolong the distance of a relay section.
(2) Erbium doped fiber amplification technique
The erbium-doped fiber amplifier adopts a gain locking technology and a transient control technology, so that the signal gain of each channel is independent of the total number of channels in the fiber, and burst errors of the existing channels can be basically avoided when the channels are increased or decreased.
(3) Raman amplification technique
Fiber raman amplifiers are an important application of stimulated raman scattering. The quartz fiber has a wide stimulated Raman scattering gain spectrum and a wide main peak near the 13THz frequency. If a weak signal and a strong pump wave are simultaneously transmitted in the optical fiber and their frequency difference is within the raman gain spectrum of the optical fiber, the weak signal light can be amplified, and such an optical amplifier based on the stimulated raman scattering mechanism is called a fiber raman amplifier. Fiber raman amplifiers are always used in conjunction with erbium doped fiber amplifiers at the receiving end of DWDM systems.
Furthermore, a hot backup mechanism of double-transmitting-receiving end single-end switching is adopted between the optical fiber circuit automatic protection switching devices installed in pairs.
Further, the wavelength conversion device converts the light wave into a wavelength which can be identified by the MUX combiner according to the wavelength corresponding to the vacant wavelength band, and the wavelength which can be identified by the MUX combiner is the wavelength corresponding to the vacant wavelength band.
The OTN network is based on the multi-wave technology and has the technical advantages of large optical transmission capacity and long transmission distance. In practice, in 2018, an OTN network is built and put into operation. The project fully depends on rich channel resources of the OTN, and researches (1) an optical fiber automatic switching technology based on the OTN and (2) optical fiber automatic switching based on lossy switching. The OTN wave channel is used as a standby channel for automatically switching the optical fiber, and the service borne by the fault optical cable is protected and switched; based on the lossy switching, the service equipment can sense the channel state, and the bearing requirements of the services such as relay protection, security control and the like are met. The existing resources of the OTN are utilized, channel resources are provided for the protection switching of the OLP, and the reliable bearing of the OLP on the relay security control service is realized. The research improves the utilization efficiency of optical cable resources and has higher practical value.
The embodiment is based on OTN (optical fiber transmission network) rich residual wave, utilizes OLP (optical fiber automatic switching device) to realize the line side release, attenuation and other supplementary side rates of an SDH system or a dense wavelength division system, and realizes the switching protection of the main and standby channels;
mainly relates to the supplement of line length, dispersion supplement, minimum receiving sensitivity, joint loss and the like.
The compensation of dispersion and attenuation should follow the principle of how much difference and how much compensation should be made. More factors need to be considered, and supplementary strategies differ for different cable types (e.g., g.652 and g.655).
Wherein, the dispersion compensation strategy is as follows: taking SDH2.5G optical ports and g.652 as an example, when the dispersion limited distance is 40km, that is, after exceeding 40km, it is necessary to consider adding a dispersion compensation device, and if the actual distance is 50, then 10km of dispersion compensation needs to be added according to a compensation strategy;
wherein the decay replenishment strategy is: taking an SDH2.5G optical port, g.652 as an example, the calculation is as follows: the minimum transmit power-0.2 dB/km X km-5 dB (redundancy) loss at the junction is compared to the worst receive sensitivity, and the difference is the supplemental attenuation compensation, as shown in fig. 3.
In this embodiment, in the same pair of stations, there are many services to be protected, and the fiber core resources of the optical cable are tense and cannot be coordinated to provide enough spare fiber cores.
The invention can solve the problem by the OTN multiplexing and demultiplexing technology through a plurality of OLP devices on the main link which need to carry out the protection service of automatic switching, but the optical cable resources are insufficient and only a single pair of optical cables is provided.
The optical fiber line automatic protection switching device and the wavelength conversion device are used in pairs, the side of a protected device is connected to an SDH end, the main use of the line side is connected to an original optical cable line, namely an OLP Tx end, and the optical cable line is divided into two parts in a 1+1 mode, one part is directly connected to a receiving end of an OLP at an opposite end, the other part enters a spare line optical signal and is connected to the optical wavelength conversion device firstly, the spare line optical signal is converted into a wavelength which can be identified by a MUX combiner and then enters the MUX combiner for processing, the combined optical cable is transmitted to the DEMUX wave splitter and enters the OLP receiving end at the opposite end after separation, and if the main line fails, spare protection is realized through spare OTN redundant waves.
The OLP channel protection adopts a 1+1 protection mode, also called a dual-transmission selective-reception mode, that is, a transmitting end of the OLP device divides a service light 1 of a transmission device into 2, and sends the 2 to a main working route and a standby working route respectively, a receiving end of the OLP compares optical signals of the main and standby routes, selects an available path for reception, and selects a hot backup mechanism of dual-transmission-end single-end switching for preference. The service of the method has no limitation at present and does not occupy the side port of the OTN equipment client.
On one hand, the number and the access depth of debugging intervention manufacturers for research integration are reduced, debugging in OTN equipment is reduced, information gathering can be realized in a unified network pipe by a protection function, and problems can be found, controlled and solved conveniently; meanwhile, the method improves the research universality of the scheme, avoids risks of subtle and different internal processes and flows in the function realization process of different OTN manufacturers in the subsequent application process, and provides the research result universality.
For the relay protection service, after the main line is interrupted, the invention can set 1s time delay before line switching, and can set the optical switch switching time on the network management without adding hardware equipment.
The invention realizes the protection of dozens of OLP standby channels by using a single pair of optical cables through the multiplexing of OTN redundant waves, and greatly solves the problem of insufficient optical cable resources at present.
At present, among a plurality of optical network protection modes, the OLP has the advantages of short switching time, high response speed, optical path state maintenance after power failure, transparency to transmission data and the like, and is widely applied to a high-speed optical transmission network. The optical line protection system is a long-distance optical transmission network protection system which is based on a modern communication millisecond-level optical switch and has important practical significance. As a new research field of the optical transmission technology, the method has very wide application prospect.
The OLP optical fiber automatic switching protection system is introduced into the optical cable line section with important transmission service, high maintenance difficulty and high fault occurrence probability, so that the effects of fault prevention and fault switching can be effectively achieved, the smoothness of communication service is ensured, and the reliability of optical fiber transmission is improved.
The OTN is a transport network based on wavelength division multiplexing technology in an optical layer organization network, and the basic object of OTN processing is wavelength-level traffic, which pushes the transport network to a real multi-wavelength optical network stage. Due to the combination of the advantages of optical domain and electrical domain processing, OTN can provide huge transport capacity, fully transparent end-to-end wavelength/sub-wavelength connection and carrier-grade protection, and is the optimal technology for transporting broadband large-granule services.
The OTN supports rich alarm detection, provides special APS overhead, supports electrical cross matrix, and has a good foundation for providing multiple protection modes.
The OTN has two major functions: optical crossover, electrical crossover. The method specifically comprises the following steps: a frame structure is defined; electrical crossover is realized; optical cross is realized, and the optical cross is the scheduling of pure optical signals; the monitoring overhead is enhanced.
The basic unit of the optical layer is a single channel, while the electrical layer treats particles below the channel rate. Optical cross-over is a unique concept of the OTN, because each optical direction of the SDH has a single wavelength, there is no optical cross-over, and there are multiple wavelength signals in each direction of the wavelength division, the optical cross-over of the OTN can allow these wavelength signals to pass through freely between the directions without being jumped over by the pigtails.
OTN and SDH have the biggest difference a bit, and the frame structure that corresponds to N difference in the STM-N frame structure of SDH also is different, and the number of columns of STM-4 is 4 times of STM-1, but the frame frequency all is 8000 frames/second. The ODUk frame size of the OTN does not change with the change of k, and the ODUk frames are all 4 × 4080 direct block frames, but the frame rates corresponding to different ODUk levels are different.
The protection modes of OTN are very rich, and in engineering applications, the most important protection modes are service layer-based protection, optical layer-based OCH (1 + 1), OMSP and OLP (1: 1, 1+ 1) protection, and electrical layer-based ODUkSNC (1 + 1) and ODUkSPRing protection.
The protection of the OTN is divided into single board level protection and network level protection.
The network level protection of the OTN may be classified into Optical Line Protection (OLP), Optical Channel Protection (OCP), ODUk protection, and client side 1+1 protection. Optical Line Protection (OLP), Optical Channel Protection (OCP), and client side 1+1 protection belong to the traditional DWDM protection method, and continue in the OTN. And the ODUk protection is a protection mode specific to the OTN, because the DWDM has no ODUk.
Optical Line Protection (OLP) is the protection of a length of optical cable.
The OLP protection object is a line signal after the whole combined wave, the principle is that the signal after the combined wave amplification is divided into two parts through an OP plate, a main signal and a standby signal respectively go through two routes, a receiving end selects which line to receive from, and the OLP protection is the same as a channel protection mechanism of SDH, namely 'double-transmission selective-reception'.
Optical Channel Protection (OCP) is a protection mode taking wavelength as an object, a single channel is protected, and two realization modes are provided, wherein one mode is 1+1 protection in an OTU board, and the other mode is 1+1 protection between OTU boards.
The 1+1 protection object in the board is the OTU rear end, and can realize the protection to the optical cable route in east-west direction, so also called optical channel route protection.
Inter-board 1+1 protection, also known as optical channel wavelength protection, can prevent the failure of a single OTU board in addition to protecting the eastern and western optical cable routes.
The difference between Optical Wavelength Sharing Protection (OWSP) and optical channel wavelength protection is similar to that between multiplex section protection and channel protection of SDH, and the principle is double-end switching, which requires an MSP protocol. OWSP is applicable to a scene where traffic lands between every two points on one channel (dispersive traffic).
The protection object of ODUk protection is an ODUk particle, that is, in a 40 × 10G OTN system, GE and 2.5G services may be used as protection units, and the protection object is divided into an ODUk SNCP and an ODUk Spring.
The client side 1+1 protection refers to dividing the client side service into two parts by using an OP plate, treating the client side service as two services in an OTN network, and performing whole-process protection on the services.
Single-ended switching and double-ended switching, wherein the principle of the single-ended switching family is double-transmission selective reception, and the single-ended switching family has the characteristics of high speed and no need of protocols.
The principle of the double-end switching family is that double ends depend on protocol switching, the double-end switching is slower than single-end switching, the realization is complex, and the double-end switching family belongs to shared protection.
The OTN is an asynchronous technical system, and the nodes do not need to rely on clock synchronization signals.
The Och optical channel is the basic unit of the OTN optical layer, namely a wavelength.
The optical layer of the OTN is divided into an optical channel layer, an optical multiplexing section layer and an optical transmission layer.
ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer) is a device form with the capability of remotely controlling the Optical signal Add-Drop multiplexing state at the wavelength level in a wavelength division system, and a configurable Optical device is adopted to realize the up-down and direct configuration of any wavelength of an OTN node. It can dynamically configure wavelength on network management, and remotely assign transparent transmission or blocking of each wavelength.
The principle of the wavelength blocker is that a power splitter is used for splitting signals with all wavelengths into two beams, one beam passes through a WB module, the other beam is transmitted to a downlink branch, and the WB module is used for blocking the wavelengths needing downlink.
The PLC realizes the same function as a wavelength blocker, only integrates the functions of upper and lower wavelengths and a through part on one chip, and has higher integration level and smaller loss. At present, 1 × N optical cross can be realized, and multidimensional random scheduling of N × N cannot be realized.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the case of not making a reverse description, these directional terms do not indicate and imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present application; the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of protection of the present application is not to be construed as being limited.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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| CN113709601B (en) | 2020-05-20 | 2022-10-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical transmission equipment, system and optical transmission method |
| CN111935566B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-11 | 南京嘉环科技股份有限公司 | OLP channel protection switching system and switching method based on OTN redundant waves |
| CN112398100A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-23 | 国家电网有限公司 | Line protection system, method and device |
| CN116015426B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-04-02 | 国网山东省电力公司信息通信公司 | Power communication network and relay protection 2M channel fault joint diagnosis method and system |
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| CN106712841A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-24 | 厦门远通电子技术有限公司 | Optical line protection method with single-end power supply |
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