CN111082405A - Capacitor reverse connection protection device, capacitor equipment and capacitor reverse connection protection method thereof - Google Patents
Capacitor reverse connection protection device, capacitor equipment and capacitor reverse connection protection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111082405A CN111082405A CN202010014557.6A CN202010014557A CN111082405A CN 111082405 A CN111082405 A CN 111082405A CN 202010014557 A CN202010014557 A CN 202010014557A CN 111082405 A CN111082405 A CN 111082405A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
Abstract
The invention discloses a capacitor reverse connection protection device, a capacitor device and a capacitor reverse connection protection method thereof, wherein the device comprises: a drainage unit; and the current guiding unit is used for guiding the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the capacitor to a set safety place under the condition that the polarity of the capacitor is reversed to generate the leakage current. The scheme of the invention can solve the problem that the polar capacitor is cracked when reversely connected and has poor use safety, and achieves the effect of improving the use safety of the polar capacitor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and particularly relates to a capacitor reverse connection protection device, capacitor equipment and a capacitor reverse connection protection method thereof, in particular to a capacitor reverse connection protection circuit, capacitor equipment with the capacitor reverse connection protection circuit and a capacitor reverse connection protection method of the capacitor equipment; wherein the capacitive device, such as a power unit or a power supply unit.
Background
In the electronics industry, capacitors can be said to be indispensable. However, some of the capacitors are non-polar, which is not called a positive-negative connection. Some capacitors such as electrolytic capacitors are polar, that is, the capacitors can be connected only in the positive direction and cannot be connected in the reverse direction; if the reverse connection is carried out, because of the problem of the internal structure of the capacitor, the reverse leakage current of the capacitor is far larger than the forward current, so that the capacitor is equivalent to an electric load, the capacitor can seriously generate heat when consuming current, and the electrolyte can explode the capacitor shell due to the pressure generated by heating.
The above is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, and does not represent an admission that the above is prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, and provides a reverse connection protection device for a capacitor, a capacitor device, and a reverse connection protection method for a capacitor, so as to solve the problem of poor safety due to cracking when a polar capacitor is reversely connected, thereby achieving the effect of improving the safety of the polar capacitor.
The invention provides a capacitor reverse connection protection device, which comprises: a drainage unit; and the current guiding unit is used for guiding the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the capacitor to a set safety place under the condition that the polarity of the capacitor is reversed to generate the leakage current.
Optionally, the drainage unit comprises: a switching tube self-locking circuit and a protective resistor; the input end of the switching tube self-locking circuit is communicated to a first electrode of the capacitor so as to conduct leakage current generated by reverse connection of the capacitor; the output end of the switch tube self-locking circuit is communicated to the second electrode of the capacitor after passing through the protective resistor and is communicated to a set safety position.
Optionally, the switching tube self-locking circuit comprises: the first switch tube and the second switch tube; the input end of the first switch tube is used as the input end of the switch tube self-locking circuit; the first output end of the first switch tube is communicated to the input end of the second switch tube; the second output end of the first switch tube is used as the output end of the switch tube self-locking circuit; the first output end of the second switch tube is communicated to a charging power supply of the capacitor; and the second output end of the second switch tube is used as the output end of the switch tube self-locking circuit after passing through the protective resistor.
Optionally, the first switching tube and the second switching tube are both triodes or MOS tubes; when the first switching tube and the second switching tube are both triodes, the first switching tube is an NPN type triode, and the second switching tube is a PNP type triode; when the first switch tube and the second switch tube are both MOS tubes, the first switch tube is an N-channel MOS tube, and the second switch tube is a P-channel MOS tube.
Optionally, the method further comprises: a sampling unit and a comparison unit; the sampling unit is used for sampling leakage current generated when the capacitors are reversely connected; the comparison unit is used for comparing the sampled leakage current with the set current so as to output a drainage instruction under the condition that the sampled leakage current is greater than the set current; and the current guiding unit is used for guiding the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the capacitor to a set safety place under the condition of receiving the current guiding instruction.
Optionally, the sampling unit includes: a Hall sensor and a sampling resistor; a comparison unit comprising: a comparator; the input end of the Hall sensor is communicated to the first electrode of the capacitor; the first output end of the Hall sensor is communicated to a charging power supply of the capacitor after passing through the sampling resistor; the second output end of the Hall sensor is communicated to the first input end of the comparator; the second input end of the comparator is used for inputting set current, and the output end of the comparator is communicated to the input end of the drainage unit.
Optionally, the method further comprises: an indicating unit; and the indicating unit is used for indicating the condition that the leakage current is generated by reverse connection of the capacitor.
Optionally, the indication unit includes: a light emitting diode; and the anode of the light emitting diode is communicated to the output end of the drainage unit.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a capacitor device, including: the capacitor reverse connection protection device is described above.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for protecting a capacitor of a capacitor device against reverse connection, including: through the drainage unit, under the condition that the electric capacity produces the electric leakage current because polarity is the reverse side on the contrary, the electric leakage current that produces the electric capacity reversal drainage to the safety department of settlement.
Optionally, the draining unit drains a leakage current generated by reverse connection of the capacitor to a set safety place, including: sampling leakage current generated when the capacitors are reversely connected through a sampling unit; comparing the sampled leakage current with a set current through a comparison unit so as to output a drainage instruction under the condition that the sampled leakage current is greater than the set current; and the current drainage unit is used for draining the leakage current generated by reversely connecting the capacitor to a set safety place under the condition of receiving the current drainage instruction.
Optionally, the method further comprises: the indication unit indicates the condition of leakage current generated by reverse connection of the capacitor.
According to the scheme, when the polar capacitor is reversely connected, the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the polar capacitor is drained, for example, the leakage current is drained to the ground, so that the explosion of the polar capacitor caused by the reverse connection can be avoided, and the safety is good.
Furthermore, according to the scheme of the invention, when the polar capacitor is reversely connected, the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the polar capacitor is drained, and the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the polar capacitor is prompted, so that the use safety of the polar capacitor is ensured, and a user can conveniently know the reverse connection condition of the polar capacitor in time and adjust the polar capacitor in time.
Furthermore, according to the scheme of the invention, through the resistor and the triode self-locking circuit, the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the polar capacitor can be drained, for example, the leakage current is drained to the ground, the explosion caused by the reverse connection of the polar capacitor can be avoided, and the use safety of the capacitor and the circuit board is ensured.
Therefore, according to the scheme of the invention, when the polar capacitor is reversely connected, the leakage current generated by reversely connecting the polar capacitor is drained; the problem that the polar capacitor is cracked when reversely connected and poor in use safety is solved, and the effect of improving the use safety of the polar capacitor is achieved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a reverse capacitance protection device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a basic circuit of a capacitor in the capacitor device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a reverse capacitance protection circuit in a capacitive device according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reverse capacitance protection process of an embodiment of the capacitive device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for reverse capacitor connection protection according to the present invention, in which a leakage current generated by reverse capacitor connection is drained to a predetermined safe location by a drainage unit;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a reverse capacitance connection protection device. Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention is shown. The reverse capacitance connection protection device may include: a drainage unit.
Specifically, the current guiding unit can be arranged in a circuit where the capacitor is located, and can be used for guiding the leakage current generated by reversely connecting the capacitor to a set safety position, such as the current guiding position to the ground, under the condition that the capacitor generates the leakage current due to polarity reversal, so that the leakage current is prevented from heating the capacitor and exploding, and the use safety of the capacitor can be ensured.
For example: the utility model provides a polarity electric capacity can not explode and split when electric capacity transposition appears in the circuit, and then the circuit board can not explode and split because of the polarity electric capacity explodes yet to can protect the circuit board effectively, guarantee staff's safety.
Therefore, under the condition that the capacitor generates the leakage current due to polarity reversal, the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the capacitor is drained to a set safety position, the capacitor can be effectively protected, even a circuit board where the capacitor is located is protected, and the safety of capacitor equipment and workers is guaranteed.
In an alternative example, the drainage unit may include: a switch tube self-locking circuit and a protective resistor.
Specifically, the input end of the switching tube self-locking circuit is communicated to a first electrode (such as a preset positive connection end of a capacitor) of the capacitor so as to conduct leakage current generated by reverse connection of the capacitor. Wherein, the preset positive connection end of the capacitor, such as: the positive electrode of the capacitor should be connected to the point a in the first circuit, and the positive electrode of the capacitor is the preset positive connection terminal of the point a in the first circuit. If the negative pole of the capacitor should be connected to the point B in the second circuit, the negative pole of the capacitor is the preset positive connection terminal of the point B in the second circuit.
Specifically, the output end of the switching tube self-locking circuit is communicated to the second electrode of the capacitor after passing through the protective resistor and is communicated to a set safety position.
For example: in a reverse connection protection circuit of an electrolytic capacitor consisting of a Hall sensor, two resistors (such as a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2), two triodes (such as a first triode Q1 and a second triode Q2) and a light emitting diode (such as a light emitting diode LED), when the electrolytic capacitor is reversely connected, the first triode Q1 is switched on at the beginning moment of leakage current, if the two triodes are not used, after the first triode Q1 is switched on, the branch current of the capacitor is small, the Hall sensor outputs small voltage at the moment, so that the first triode Q1 is switched off, at the moment, a circuit passing through the capacitor becomes large, and the first triode Q1 is switched on. Thus, the electrolyte can be circulated all the time and the electrolytic capacitor is damaged. Therefore, a self-locking circuit can be formed by two transistors, namely a first transistor Q1 and a second transistor Q2, and the two transistors are always switched on.
Therefore, by combining the switch tube self-locking circuit with the protective resistor, the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the capacitor can be more stably and safely drained.
Optionally, the switch tube self-locking circuit may include: a first switch tube and a second switch tube. For example: the first switch tube may be a first transistor Q1, and the second switch tube may be a second transistor Q2.
The input end of the first switch tube is used as the input end of the switch tube self-locking circuit; the first output end of the first switch tube is communicated to the input end of the second switch tube; the second output end of the first switch tube is used as the output end of the switch tube self-locking circuit; the first output end of the second switch tube is communicated to a charging power supply of the capacitor; and the second output end of the second switch tube is used as the output end of the switch tube self-locking circuit after passing through the protective resistor.
For example: the triode is adopted for self-locking, the reaction is fast, and the switching can not be always carried out.
From this, form self-locking structure through two switch tubes, the drainage reaction is fast, and stability is good.
More optionally, the first switch tube and the second switch tube are both transistors or MOS tubes. For example: MOS transistors may be used instead of the transistors.
When the first switch tube and the second switch tube can be both triodes, the first switch tube can be an NPN type triode, and the second switch tube can be a PNP type triode. When the first switch tube and the second switch tube can be MOS tubes, the first switch tube can be an N-channel MOS tube, and the second switch tube can be a P-channel MOS tube.
From this, through the switch tube of multiple form for the setting of switch tube is more nimble and convenient.
In an alternative embodiment, the method may further include: a sampling unit and a comparison unit. And the sampling unit can be arranged on the branch where the capacitor is arranged. And the comparison unit can be arranged between the sampling unit and the drainage unit.
Specifically, the sampling unit may be configured to sample a leakage current generated when the capacitors are reversely connected, in a case where the capacitors generate the leakage current due to the reversed polarity.
Specifically, the comparison unit may be configured to compare the sampled leakage current with a set current, so as to output a drainage instruction when the sampled leakage current is greater than the set current.
Specifically, the drainage unit can be used for under the condition of receiving the drainage instruction, drainage to the safety department of settlement with the electric leakage current that the electric capacity reversal produced, if drainage to ground to avoid electric leakage current to make the electric capacity generate heat and explode and split, can guarantee the security that the electric capacity used.
For example: in a reverse connection protection circuit of an electrolytic capacitor consisting of a Hall sensor, two resistors (such as a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2), two triodes (such as a first triode Q1 and a second triode Q2) and a light-emitting diode (such as a light-emitting diode LED), when the electrolytic capacitor is connected positively, the Hall sensor does not output voltage, the triodes are not conducted, and an indicator light is not lighted because the capacitor is equivalent to an open circuit and no current is generated when the capacitor is stable. When the electrolytic capacitor is positively connected, charging current is just started, but because the charging current is limited by the first resistor R1, the output voltage of the Hall sensor is lower than the starting voltage of the first triode Q1, the first triode Q1 cannot be conducted, the situation is consistent with the situation after the charging of the electrolytic capacitor is completed and stabilized, and the influence on the original circuit cannot be caused.
For example: in a reverse connection protection circuit of an electrolytic capacitor consisting of a Hall sensor, two resistors (such as a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2), two triodes (such as a first triode Q1 and a second triode Q2) and a light-emitting diode (such as a light-emitting diode LED), when the electrolytic capacitor is reversely connected, because the leakage current of the electrolytic capacitor is far greater than the forward current, the Hall sensor outputs a larger voltage. This voltage is greater than the turn-on voltage of the first transistor Q1, turning on the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2. At this time, most of the current flows to the light emitting diode to the ground through the first triode Q1, and does not pass through the capacitor, but a small part of the current still passes through the electrolytic capacitor, but the current is not heated to burst and damage the circuit board.
Therefore, the protection of the capacitor reverse connection can be more accurate and reliable through the matching arrangement of the sampling unit, the drainage unit and the comparison unit.
In an alternative example, the sampling unit may include: a hall sensor and a sampling resistor. The sampling resistor may be the first resistor R1.
The comparison unit may include: a comparator. For example: a comparator can be connected to the base of the NPN triode to digitize the voltage.
The input end of the Hall sensor is communicated to a first electrode of the capacitor (such as a preset positive connection end of the capacitor). The first output end of the Hall sensor is communicated to a charging power supply of the capacitor after passing through the sampling resistor, such as a direct current power supply VCC. And the second output end of the Hall sensor is communicated to the first input end of the comparator. The second input end of the comparator can be used for inputting set current, and the output end of the comparator is communicated to the input end of the drainage unit.
Therefore, by using the Hall sensor in the sampling unit, the sampling is accurate; the comparator is used in the comparison unit, the structure is simple, the digital control can be realized, and the control reliability can be ensured.
In an alternative embodiment, the method may further include: and an indication unit. And the indicating unit can be arranged in a circuit where the capacitor is located.
Specifically, the indication unit may be configured to indicate a situation that the capacitor is reversely connected to generate the leakage current under a situation that the capacitor generates the leakage current due to the reverse polarity connection, so as to indicate a user to timely handle the reverse connection situation of the capacitor, so as to ensure normal use of a circuit where the capacitor is located, such as a capacitor device.
For example: through drainage unit and the combination of instruction unit, can in time make a response and report to the police when the electric capacity connects the opposition, have the guard action like this again, have prompt facility again.
Therefore, through the indicating unit, the indication can be timely made when the capacitor is reversely connected, and a user can timely know the reverse connection condition of the capacitor and timely maintain the capacitor.
In an alternative example, the indication unit may include: a light emitting diode. And the anode of the light emitting diode is communicated to the output end of the drainage unit.
For example: the principle that a polar capacitor generates large leakage current when being reversely connected is utilized, a resistor is adopted to convert current into voltage, then the reverse connection leakage current is guided away by controlling the on-off of a triode, and meanwhile, an indicator lamp is connected to the output end of the triode, so that prompt can be effectively carried out. Moreover, the scheme of the invention adopts a simpler circuit and has effective protection on the capacitor.
For example: the circuit can be composed of a Hall sensor, two resistors (such as a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2), two transistors (such as a first transistor Q1 and a second transistor Q2), and a light emitting diode (such as a light emitting diode LED). The first resistor R1, the hall sensor and the capacitor (such as an electrolytic capacitor) are connected in a positive manner, the first transistor Q1 can be an NPN transistor, and the second transistor Q2 can be a PNP transistor. The positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor is connected with the input end of the Hall sensor, the first output end of the Hall sensor is connected with a first triode Q1 such as the base electrode of an NPN triode, and the second output end of the Hall sensor is respectively connected with a power supply VCC and a second triode Q2 such as the emitting electrode of a PNP triode after passing through a first resistor R1. The collector of a first transistor Q1, such as an NPN transistor, is connected to the base of a second transistor Q2, such as a PNP transistor, and the emitter of a first transistor Q1, such as an NPN transistor, is connected to the anode of the light emitting diode. The collector of a second transistor Q2, such as a PNP transistor, is connected to the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor and the cathode of the LED via a second resistor R2, and is grounded. Thus, a reverse connection protection circuit of the electrolytic capacitor is formed.
Therefore, the condition that the capacitor is reversely connected to generate the leakage current is indicated through the light emitting diode, the structure is simple, and the indicating effect is obvious.
Through a large number of tests, the technical scheme of the invention can prevent the polar capacitor from exploding due to reverse connection and has good safety by conducting the leakage current generated by reverse connection of the polar capacitor to the ground, for example, conducting the leakage current to the ground.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the capacitive equipment corresponding to the reverse capacitance connection protection device is also provided. The capacitive device may include: the capacitor reverse connection protection device is described above.
Considering that if the polar capacitor on the circuit board is cracked due to reverse connection, the polar capacitor can cause great adverse effect on the circuit board and workers; moreover, the occurrence of capacitive reverse connection is inevitable. Therefore, a circuit is needed to respond and alarm in time when the capacitor is connected reversely.
In an optional embodiment, the scheme of the invention provides a capacitor reverse connection protection circuit, which can ensure that a polar capacitor cannot crack when the polar capacitor is reversely connected in a circuit, and further the circuit board cannot crack due to the crack of the polar capacitor, so that the circuit board can be effectively protected, and the safety of workers is ensured.
Specifically, the scheme of the invention utilizes the principle that a polar capacitor generates larger leakage current when being reversely connected, adopts a resistor to convert the current into voltage, then leads the reverse connection leakage current away by controlling the on-off of a triode, and simultaneously connects an indicator light at the output end of the triode, thereby effectively prompting. Moreover, the scheme of the invention adopts a simpler circuit and has effective protection on the capacitor.
In an alternative embodiment, a specific implementation process of the scheme of the present invention can be exemplarily described with reference to the examples shown in fig. 2 to 4.
The initial circuit on which the solution of the invention is based may be as shown in fig. 2, and its peripheral circuits may be a servo driver power board and a power board.
The solution of the present invention may be composed of a hall sensor, two resistors (e.g., a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2), two transistors (e.g., a first transistor Q1 and a second transistor Q2), and a light emitting diode (e.g., a light emitting diode LED), and specifically, refer to the example shown in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 3, the electrolytic capacitor in the circuit is connected positively to the first resistor R1, the hall sensor and the capacitor (taking the electrolytic capacitor as an example).
In fig. 3, the first transistor Q1 may be an NPN transistor, and the second transistor Q2 may be a PNP transistor. The positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor is connected with the input end of the Hall sensor, the first output end of the Hall sensor is connected with a first triode Q1 such as the base electrode of an NPN triode, and the second output end of the Hall sensor is respectively connected with a power supply VCC and a second triode Q2 such as the emitting electrode of a PNP triode after passing through a first resistor R1. The collector of a first transistor Q1, such as an NPN transistor, is connected to the base of a second transistor Q2, such as a PNP transistor, and the emitter of a first transistor Q1, such as an NPN transistor, is connected to the anode of the light emitting diode. The collector of a second transistor Q2, such as a PNP transistor, is connected to the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor and the cathode of the LED via a second resistor R2, and is grounded. Thus, a reverse connection protection circuit of the electrolytic capacitor is formed.
Among other things, hall sensors may be used for current sampling. The first resistor R1 can be used for limiting current to prevent the hall sensor from being mistakenly turned on, and the leakage current is relatively large, so that the first triode Q1 can be turned on. The first triode Q1 and the second triode Q2 can lead out most of current to protect the capacitor, and meanwhile, the two triodes form a self-locking circuit, so that even if the output voltage of the Hall sensor is insufficient, the normal operation of the protection circuit is not influenced;
in addition, the second resistor R2 can limit the current between the collector and the emitter of the second transistor Q2, and prevent the second transistor Q2 from being damaged. The light emitting diode is used for prompting.
Alternatively, when the electrolytic capacitor is connected positively, the hall sensor outputs no voltage, the triode is not conducted, and the indicator light is not on, because the capacitor is equivalent to an open circuit and no current is supplied when the capacitor is stable. When the electrolytic capacitor is positively connected, charging current is just started, but because the charging current is limited by the first resistor R1, the output voltage of the Hall sensor is lower than the starting voltage of the first triode Q1, the first triode Q1 cannot be conducted, the situation is consistent with the situation after the charging of the electrolytic capacitor is completed and stabilized, and the influence on the original circuit cannot be caused.
Alternatively, when the electrolytic capacitor is reversely connected, the Hall sensor outputs a relatively large voltage because the leakage current is much larger than the forward current. This voltage is greater than the turn-on voltage of the first transistor Q1, turning on the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2. At this time, most of the current flows to the light emitting diode to the ground through the first triode Q1, and does not pass through the capacitor, but a small part of the current still passes through the electrolytic capacitor, but the current is not heated to burst and damage the circuit board. Meanwhile, because the first triode Q1 is switched on at the beginning of leakage current, if two triodes are not used, after the first triode Q1 is switched on, the branch current of the capacitor is small, the Hall sensor outputs small voltage at the moment, the first triode Q1 is switched off, and the circuit passing through the capacitor becomes large at the moment, and the first triode Q1 is switched on. Thus, the electrolyte can be circulated all the time and the electrolytic capacitor is damaged. Therefore, a self-locking circuit can be formed by two transistors, namely a first transistor Q1 and a second transistor Q2, and the two transistors are always switched on. Thus, the utility model has the protection function and the prompt function.
In the example shown in fig. 3, the circuit for reverse protection of the capacitor is designed to make the specificity of the capacitor (charging current when power is applied) different from other power protection. Some power protection circuits use resistors to sample (because there is no charging current), and because of the influence of the charging current, in order to avoid the error measurement, a hall sensor is used for accurate measurement. By adopting the self-locking circuit, the reverse connection protection information can be locked without being influenced by the subsequent signal change.
Alternatively, MOS transistors may be used instead of the triode; a comparator can also be connected to the base of the NPN triode to digitize the voltage.
Therefore, the scheme of the invention can protect the reverse connection of the polar capacitor; compared with other power supply protection circuits, the power supply protection circuit has the advantages that the number of devices is small, the circuit is simple, the Hall sensor is used, and sampling is accurate; the triode is adopted for self-locking, the reaction is fast, and the switching can not be always carried out.
Since the processing and functions implemented by the capacitive device of this embodiment substantially correspond to the embodiments, principles, and examples of the apparatus shown in fig. 1, reference may be made to the related descriptions in the foregoing embodiments without details in the description of this embodiment.
Through a large number of tests, the technical scheme of the invention is adopted, when the polar capacitor is reversely connected, the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the polar capacitor is drained, and the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the polar capacitor is prompted, so that the use safety of the polar capacitor is ensured, and a user can conveniently know the reverse connection condition of the capacitor in time and make adjustment in time.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the capacitor reverse connection protection method of the capacitor equipment corresponding to the capacitor equipment is also provided. The reverse capacitance connection protection method of the capacitance device can comprise the following steps: through the drainage unit, under the condition that the electric capacity produces the leakage current on the contrary because polarity is connected, with the electric capacity reverse connection production the leakage current drainage to the safety department of settlement, if drainage to ground to avoid leakage current to make the electric capacity generate heat and explode and split, can guarantee the security that the electric capacity used.
For example: the utility model provides a polarity electric capacity can not explode and split when electric capacity transposition appears in the circuit, and then the circuit board can not explode and split because of the polarity electric capacity explodes yet to can protect the circuit board effectively, guarantee staff's safety.
Therefore, under the condition that the capacitor generates the leakage current due to polarity reversal, the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the capacitor is drained to a set safety position, the capacitor can be effectively protected, even a circuit board where the capacitor is located is protected, and the safety of capacitor equipment and workers is guaranteed.
Alternatively, a specific process of draining the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the capacitor to the set safety place in the case that the capacitor generates the leakage current due to the reverse connection of the capacitor by the draining unit may be seen in the following exemplary description.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention for draining the leakage current generated by the capacitor reverse connection to the set safety location through the drainage unit is further described, where a specific process of draining the leakage current generated by the capacitor reverse connection to the set safety location through the drainage unit may include: step S210 to step S230.
In step S210, the leakage current generated when the capacitor is reversely connected is sampled by the sampling unit under the condition that the capacitor generates the leakage current due to the reverse polarity.
In step S220, the sampled leakage current is compared with the set current by the comparing unit, so as to output a drainage command when the sampled leakage current is greater than the set current.
Step S230, by the current guiding unit, under the condition of receiving the current guiding instruction, the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the capacitor is guided to a set safe place, such as to the ground, so as to prevent the capacitor from being heated and cracked by the leakage current, and ensure the safety of the capacitor in use.
For example: in a reverse connection protection circuit of an electrolytic capacitor consisting of a Hall sensor, two resistors (such as a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2), two triodes (such as a first triode Q1 and a second triode Q2) and a light-emitting diode (such as a light-emitting diode LED), when the electrolytic capacitor is connected positively, the Hall sensor does not output voltage, the triodes are not conducted, and an indicator light is not lighted because the capacitor is equivalent to an open circuit and no current is generated when the capacitor is stable. When the electrolytic capacitor is positively connected, charging current is just started, but because the charging current is limited by the first resistor R1, the output voltage of the Hall sensor is lower than the starting voltage of the first triode Q1, the first triode Q1 cannot be conducted, the situation is consistent with the situation after the charging of the electrolytic capacitor is completed and stabilized, and the influence on the original circuit cannot be caused.
For example: in a reverse connection protection circuit of an electrolytic capacitor consisting of a Hall sensor, two resistors (such as a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2), two triodes (such as a first triode Q1 and a second triode Q2) and a light-emitting diode (such as a light-emitting diode LED), when the electrolytic capacitor is reversely connected, because the leakage current of the electrolytic capacitor is far greater than the forward current, the Hall sensor outputs a larger voltage. This voltage is greater than the turn-on voltage of the first transistor Q1, turning on the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2. At this time, most of the current flows to the light emitting diode to the ground through the first triode Q1, and does not pass through the capacitor, but a small part of the current still passes through the electrolytic capacitor, but the current is not heated to burst and damage the circuit board.
Therefore, the protection of the capacitor reverse connection can be more accurate and reliable through the matching arrangement of the sampling unit, the drainage unit and the comparison unit.
In an alternative embodiment, the method may further include: through the indicating unit, under the condition that the electric capacity produces the leakage current because polarity is reverse, to the electric capacity reversal condition of producing the leakage current of instructing to instruct the user to handle in time the condition that the electric capacity reversal was connected, in order to guarantee the normal use of the circuit like capacitive equipment that electric capacity is located.
For example: through drainage unit and the combination of instruction unit, can in time make a response and report to the police when the electric capacity connects the opposition, have the guard action like this again, have prompt facility again.
Therefore, through the indicating unit, the indication can be timely made when the capacitor is reversely connected, and a user can timely know the reverse connection condition of the capacitor and timely maintain the capacitor.
Since the processing and functions implemented by the method of this embodiment substantially correspond to the embodiments, principles, and examples of the capacitor device, reference may be made to the related descriptions in the foregoing embodiments without being detailed in the description of this embodiment.
Through a large amount of tests, the technical scheme of the embodiment is adopted, and the leakage current drainage generated by the reverse connection of the polar capacitor can be realized through the resistor and the triode self-locking circuit, if the leakage current is drained to the ground, the reverse connection of the polar capacitor and the explosion can be avoided, and the use safety of the capacitor and the circuit board is ensured.
In summary, it is readily understood by those skilled in the art that the advantageous modes described above can be freely combined and superimposed without conflict.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A reverse capacitance protection device, comprising: a drainage unit;
and the current guiding unit is used for guiding the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the capacitor to a set safety place under the condition that the polarity of the capacitor is reversed to generate the leakage current.
2. The reverse capacitance protection device according to claim 1, wherein the current guiding unit comprises: a switching tube self-locking circuit and a protective resistor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the input end of the switching tube self-locking circuit is communicated to a first electrode of the capacitor so as to conduct leakage current generated by reverse connection of the capacitor;
the output end of the switch tube self-locking circuit is communicated to the second electrode of the capacitor after passing through the protective resistor and is communicated to a set safety position.
3. The reverse capacitance protection device according to claim 2, wherein the switch tube self-locking circuit comprises: the first switch tube and the second switch tube; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the input end of the first switch tube is used as the input end of the switch tube self-locking circuit; the first output end of the first switch tube is communicated to the input end of the second switch tube; the second output end of the first switch tube is used as the output end of the switch tube self-locking circuit;
the first output end of the second switch tube is communicated to a charging power supply of the capacitor; and the second output end of the second switch tube is used as the output end of the switch tube self-locking circuit after passing through the protective resistor.
4. The reverse capacitance connection protection device according to claim 3, wherein the first switching tube and the second switching tube are both triodes or MOS tubes;
when the first switching tube and the second switching tube are both triodes, the first switching tube is an NPN type triode, and the second switching tube is a PNP type triode;
when the first switch tube and the second switch tube are both MOS tubes, the first switch tube is an N-channel MOS tube, and the second switch tube is a P-channel MOS tube.
5. The reverse capacitance connection protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: a sampling unit and a comparison unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the sampling unit is used for sampling leakage current generated when the capacitors are reversely connected;
the comparison unit is used for comparing the sampled leakage current with the set current so as to output a drainage instruction under the condition that the sampled leakage current is greater than the set current;
and the current guiding unit is used for guiding the leakage current generated by the reverse connection of the capacitor to a set safety place under the condition of receiving the current guiding instruction.
6. The reverse capacitance protection device according to claim 5, wherein the sampling unit comprises: a Hall sensor and a sampling resistor;
a comparison unit comprising: a comparator;
the input end of the Hall sensor is communicated to the first electrode of the capacitor;
the first output end of the Hall sensor is communicated to a charging power supply of the capacitor after passing through the sampling resistor;
the second output end of the Hall sensor is communicated to the first input end of the comparator; the second input end of the comparator is used for inputting set current, and the output end of the comparator is communicated to the input end of the drainage unit.
7. The reverse capacitance connection protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: an indicating unit;
and the indicating unit is used for indicating the condition that the leakage current is generated by reverse connection of the capacitor.
8. The reverse capacitance connection protection device according to claim 7, wherein the indication unit comprises: a light emitting diode;
and the anode of the light emitting diode is communicated to the output end of the drainage unit.
9. A capacitive device, comprising: a reverse capacitance protection device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A method of reverse capacitance protection for a capacitive device according to claim 9, comprising:
through the drainage unit, under the condition that the electric capacity produces the electric leakage current because polarity is the reverse side on the contrary, the electric leakage current that produces the electric capacity reversal drainage to the safety department of settlement.
11. The reverse capacitance connection protection method according to claim 10, wherein the step of draining the leakage current generated by the reverse capacitance connection to a set safe place through the drainage unit comprises the following steps:
sampling leakage current generated when the capacitors are reversely connected through a sampling unit;
comparing the sampled leakage current with a set current through a comparison unit so as to output a drainage instruction under the condition that the sampled leakage current is greater than the set current;
and the current drainage unit is used for draining the leakage current generated by reversely connecting the capacitor to a set safety place under the condition of receiving the current drainage instruction.
12. The reverse capacitance protection method according to claim 10 or 11, further comprising:
the indication unit indicates the condition of leakage current generated by reverse connection of the capacitor.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010014557.6A CN111082405A (en) | 2020-01-07 | 2020-01-07 | Capacitor reverse connection protection device, capacitor equipment and capacitor reverse connection protection method thereof |
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| CN202010014557.6A CN111082405A (en) | 2020-01-07 | 2020-01-07 | Capacitor reverse connection protection device, capacitor equipment and capacitor reverse connection protection method thereof |
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| CN111525537A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-11 | 山东建筑大学 | Protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitor by using separation element |
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Application publication date: 20200428 |