CN111072087A - Three-dimensional seawater evaporator and application thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional seawater evaporator and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111072087A CN111072087A CN201811215914.4A CN201811215914A CN111072087A CN 111072087 A CN111072087 A CN 111072087A CN 201811215914 A CN201811215914 A CN 201811215914A CN 111072087 A CN111072087 A CN 111072087A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional seawater evaporator and application thereof. The three-dimensional seawater evaporator comprises a channel structure with moisture absorption and transportation functions and a reactor unit with a photo-thermal conversion function, wherein the reactor unit is positioned at one end of the channel structure, the channel structure and the reactor unit are constructed to form a three-dimensional structure, and the reactor unit comprises high-molecular functionalized paper. The three-dimensional seawater evaporator has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, three-dimensional omni-directionality and the like, and can realize high efficiency and high ion interception in the seawater desalination process by reasonably designing the composition, shape and size of the channel, the composition, geometric structure and the like of the reactor unit, so that the three-dimensional seawater evaporator has wide application prospect in the field of seawater desalination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seawater evaporator, in particular to a three-dimensional seawater evaporator and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of material technology and seawater desalination.
Background
Water is a source of life and is a necessary resource for supporting economic and social development. With the rapid development of the economic society and the continuous promotion of the urbanization process of China, the contradiction between the total water resource shortage and the space-time matching is increasingly prominent, and particularly in coastal areas and islands, the water resource shortage becomes one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of the economic society. Over one billion people worldwide are starved of fresh water, and the relevant scholars reckon that two thirds of the world population will be starved of fresh water by 2025. Meanwhile, seawater resources are very abundant, and the aim of people to dilute seawater into drinking water is always pursued. Seawater desalination as a stable water resource increment technology is an important strategic choice for solving the contradiction between water resource supply and demand in coastal and coastal areas in China, optimizing the water resource structure and guaranteeing the water supply safety. The commonly used filtering method of seawater desalination is characterized in that the required filtering material needs to be replaced frequently in the aspect of economic benefit, the cost is high, the technical difficulty is high, the energy consumption is high, the economic burden is heavy, and the problem of low efficiency still exists in the aspect of seawater treatment effect.
Patent CN108035050A discloses a three-dimensional multilayer filling electrothermal evaporation fabric, a preparation method and application. The fabric comprises an electrothermal evaporation layer, a floating heat-insulation layer and a water absorption layer which are sequentially compounded, and the electrothermal evaporation layer, the floating heat-insulation layer and the water absorption layer are mutually interwoven and combined into a whole through binding yarns. The preparation method comprises the following steps: arranging warp yarns and binding yarns of each layer according to a yarn selection scheme; introducing weft yarns of each layer; introducing a floating embedding material; the binding yarns are interwoven with each other, and the layers are woven into a whole. Two ends of the electrothermal fibers in the electrothermal evaporation layer are connected with electrodes, and the water in the electrothermal evaporation layer is heated and evaporated by using the heat generated by the electrothermal fibers. Patent CN108035051A discloses a coil structure multilayer hollow electrothermal evaporation fabric, which is characterized by comprising an evaporation layer, an electrothermal layer, a heat and water insulation layer and a floating layer, wherein the evaporation layer, the electrothermal layer, the heat and water insulation layer and the floating layer are woven into a whole through different functional fibers. Patent CN108166126A discloses an electrothermal evaporation fabric with a three-dimensional structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fabric comprises an electrothermal evaporation layer, a floating heat-insulating layer and a water absorption layer which are compounded in sequence, and the electrothermal evaporation layer, the floating heat-insulating layer and the water absorption layer are combined into a whole through binding yarns. The preparation method comprises the following steps: arranging the warp yarns according to a yarn selection scheme; introducing weft yarns of each layer; the binding yarns are interwoven to weave the warp and weft yarns of each layer into a whole; coiling by a stepping motor; and (5) taking off the machine after multiple cycles. Two ends of the electrothermal fibers in the electrothermal evaporation layer are connected with electrodes, and the water in the electrothermal evaporation layer is heated and evaporated by using the heat generated by the electrothermal fibers. Patent CN108035036A discloses a three-dimensional multilayer hollow structure electric heat evaporation fabric, the fabric includes compound evaporation layer, electric heat layer, thermal insulating and water conducting layer and the layer that floats in proper order, and four are as an organic whole through the interval yarn combination. The preparation method comprises the following steps: starting a weft insertion device to introduce weft yarns of each layer; the single group of heald frames move to drive each layer of warp yarns to be synchronously interwoven, so that the evaporation layer, the electric heating layer, the heat and water insulation layer and the floating layer are woven; the height of the spacer is set, the movement of the double-group harness frames drives the spacer yarns to interweave with each other to form a spacer layer; beating up and coiling by a stepping motor to obtain the electrothermal evaporation fabric with the three-dimensional multilayer structure. The two ends of the electrothermal fiber in the electrothermal layer are connected with electrodes, and the heat generated by the electrothermal fiber is used for heating the evaporation layer to evaporate water. Patent CN108018642A discloses a multilayer filling electrothermal evaporation fabric with a coil structure and a manufacturing method thereof, which is characterized in that the fabric is composed of an evaporation layer, an electrothermal layer, a floating heat-insulating layer and a water absorption layer, wherein the evaporation layer, the electrothermal layer, the floating heat-insulating layer and the water absorption layer are woven into a whole by different functional fibers and materials. The above prior patents adopt weft yarns for weaving, and utilize electric heat to accelerate the evaporation of water, so that the cost is increased and the treatment cost is increased.
Yuguihua et al, Austin school of Texas university, developed a gel with a hierarchical nanostructure for seawater evaporation with an evaporation efficiency of 3.2kg/m in one sun2H, but its material strength is only 104Pa, and the preparation process is complicated by 10 times of freeze drying.
Wangcong of the university of the Adu Dula King science and technologyA seawater evaporator with a 3D structure is developed by a method of suction filtering a mixed solution of graphene oxide and a carbon tube, but the efficiency of the seawater evaporator under one sun can only reach 1.59kg/m2/h。
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional seawater evaporator to overcome the defects of the prior art.
The invention also aims to provide application of the three-dimensional seawater evaporator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
the embodiment of the invention provides a three-dimensional seawater evaporator which comprises a channel structure with moisture absorption and transportation functions and a reactor unit with a photothermal conversion function, wherein the reactor unit is positioned at one end of the channel structure, the channel structure and the reactor unit are constructed to form a three-dimensional structure, and the reactor unit comprises high-molecular functionalized paper.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the three-dimensional seawater evaporator in the field of seawater desalination.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a seawater desalination method, which comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the three-dimensional seawater evaporator in a container carrying seawater to evaporate the seawater to obtain the desalted pure water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the three-dimensional seawater evaporator provided by the invention can realize the structure controllability of the three-dimensional seawater evaporator by reasonably designing the composition, shape and size of a channel, regulating the composition, geometric structure and the like of a reactor unit with photothermal conversion effect and utilizing the photothermal effect of polymer functionalized paper, thereby developing the seawater evaporator with simple structure, small volume and three-dimensional omni-directionality;
2) the three-dimensional seawater evaporator provided by the invention comprehensively utilizes solar energy resources, has high evaporation efficiency, and has the evaporation capacity of 2.6kg/m2More than h and it is suitable for different concentrations (10-10000 m)g/L) of Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+、Sr2+、B3+One or more mixed systems in the plasma have the rejection rate of more than 99.98 percent, show the advantages of high evaporation efficiency, high rejection rate and the like in the process of seawater desalination, and have wide application prospect in the field of seawater desalination;
3) the three-dimensional seawater evaporator provided by the invention has the tensile strength of more than 100MPa, the elastic modulus of more than 12GPa and better weather resistance, and the tensile strength and the elastic modulus are basically maintained after the three-dimensional seawater evaporator is treated in the environment of high temperature, low temperature, high concentration salt, strong acid and strong alkali for 24 hours.
Drawings
Fig. 1a is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a three-dimensional seawater evaporator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1b is a schematic diagram of a seawater evaporation and desalination process of a three-dimensional seawater evaporator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2a to 2b are schematic views of a micro-topography and a wettability test result of the three-dimensional seawater evaporator prepared in example 1 of the present invention, respectively.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature rise rate results of the composite paper modified with the N-polypyrrole-polyacrylic acid copolymer having a number average molecular weight of 10000 and the composite paper modified with the polypyrrole having a number average molecular weight of 10000 in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the results of seawater evaporation at an included angle α of 30 °, 50 °, 70 °, or 90 ° in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5a and 5b are schematic diagrams of retention rates of ions with different concentrations when the three-dimensional seawater evaporator prepared in example 1 of the present invention is used in a seawater desalination experiment.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the mechanical properties of the graded nanostructured gel in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the amount of desalination of sunlight by the filtration film of a mixed solution of graphene oxide and carbon tubes in comparative example 2 of the present invention.
The reference numerals indicate the 1-channel structure, the 2-reactor unit, the height of the H-structural unit, the width of the L-structural unit, the included angle between the α -structural units, and the height of the right-angled triangle cut at the end of the H-channel structure.
Detailed Description
In view of the defects in the prior art, the inventor of the present invention has made extensive studies and practices to provide a technical scheme of the present invention, which mainly utilizes the photothermal effect of the polymer functionalized paper, and can realize the structural controllability of the three-dimensional seawater evaporator by reasonably designing the composition, shape and size of the channel and regulating the composition, geometric structure and the like of the reactor unit for photothermal conversion, thereby developing the seawater evaporator with simple structure, small volume and three-dimensional omni-directionality. The technical solution, its implementation and principles, etc. will be further explained as follows.
As one aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, it relates to a three-dimensional seawater evaporator, as shown in fig. 1a, comprising a channel structure 1 having moisture absorption and transport functions and a reactor unit 2 having a photothermal conversion function, the reactor unit being located at one end of the channel structure, the channel structure and the reactor unit being constructed to form a three-dimensional structure, and the reactor unit comprising a polymer functionalized paper.
In some embodiments, the shape of the channel structure comprises a quadrilateral, and the channel structure has a length of 0.05 to 0.5m and a width of 1 to 10 cm.
Further, as shown in fig. 1a, the tail end of the channel structure is cut, the cutting is right-angled triangle cutting, wherein the height h of the right-angled triangle is 0.01-0.05 m.
In some embodiments, the material of the channel structure includes a cotton fabric, wherein the texture of the cotton fabric includes plain, twill, satin, honeycomb, and the like, and preferably, the honeycomb fabric has a controllable pore size, excellent mechanical properties, and a stable structure, but is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1a, the reactor unit comprises four structural units (preferably isosceles triangles), each structural unit has a length of 5-50 cm, a height H of 0.01-2 m, and an included angle α between two adjacent structural units is 30-90 °.
In some embodiments, the polymer-functionalized paper includes, but is not limited to, composite paper, printing paper, paper bag paper, corrugated paper, intaglio paper, relief paper, kraft paper, and the like.
Further, the smoothness of the high-molecular functionalized paper is 5-20 s.
Further, the moisture content of the polymer functionalized paper is 2-10 wt%.
Further, the shape and structure of the polymer functionalized paper include, but are not limited to, a sawtooth shape, a flat-line shape, a diamond shape, a step shape, a thread shape, and the like.
In some embodiments, the polymer in the polymer-functionalized paper includes, but is not limited to, polypyrrole derivatives, polyaniline derivatives, and the like.
Further, the polypyrrole derivative comprises a copolymer of polypyrrole and a high polymer material and/or doped polypyrrole, and the polyaniline derivative comprises a copolymer of polyaniline and a high polymer material and/or doped polyaniline.
Further, the copolymerized polymer material includes any one or a combination of two or more of polar polymers such as polyacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerol, benzoic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, and poly (dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), but is not limited thereto.
Further, the doping element contained in the doped polypyrrole or doped polyaniline includes any one or a combination of two or more of N, S, Si, Bi, Ti, P, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
Further, the number average molecular weight of the polypyrrole derivative is 2000-20000.
Further, the number average molecular weight of the polyaniline derivative is 5000-50000.
In some embodiments, the tensile strength and the elastic modulus of the three-dimensional seawater evaporator are greater than 100MPa, the elastic modulus is greater than 12GPa, and the evaporator has better weather resistance, and the tensile strength and the elastic modulus are maintained after the evaporator is treated in an environment with high temperature, low temperature, high concentration of salt, strong acid and strong alkali for 24 hours. Further, the temperature of the high-temperature environment is 100-600 ℃, the temperature of the low-temperature environment is-50-0 ℃, the salt concentration of the high-salt environment is 0.1-10 mol/L, the strong acid is a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1-5 mol/L, and the strong base is a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.1-10 mol/L.
In some embodiments, the evaporation capacity of the three-dimensional seawater evaporator is 2.6kg/m2More than h, and the retention rate of the salt solution on the ions in the seawater is more than 99.98 percent.
Furthermore, the three-dimensional seawater evaporator has a retention rate of more than 99.98% for ions with different concentrations (10-10000 mg/L), wherein the included ions comprise Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+、Sr2+、B3+And the like, but not limited thereto.
As another aspect of the technical scheme of the invention, the invention also relates to the application of the three-dimensional seawater evaporator in the field of seawater desalination.
Accordingly, another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention also provides a method for desalinating seawater, as shown in fig. 1b, which includes: and in a closed space, the three-dimensional seawater evaporator is placed in a container carrying seawater, so that the seawater is evaporated to obtain the desalted pure water.
By the preparation process, the three-dimensional seawater evaporator has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, three-dimensional omni-directionality and the like, so that the evaporator has the advantages of high evaporation efficiency, high rejection rate and the like in the seawater desalination process, and has wide application prospect in the field of seawater desalination.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are explained in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and several preferred embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
(1) The structure of the channel. The length of the quadrangle is 0.05m, the width of the quadrangle is 1cm, and the cutting height of the right-angled triangle is 0.01 m;
(2) composition of the channels. The texture is plain woven cotton fabric.
(3) The reactor unit is divided into four structural units, the length of each structural unit is 5cm, the height of each structural unit is 0.01m, and included angles α of the structural units are respectively 30 degrees, 50 degrees, 70 degrees and 90 degrees.
(4) Composition of the reactor unit. The smoothness is 5s, the water content is 2%, the microscopic appearance is zigzag, and the N-polypyrrole-polyacrylic acid copolymer with the number average molecular weight of 2000 is adopted to modify the composite paper.
The three-dimensional seawater evaporator obtained in this embodiment is subjected to morphology and wettability tests, and it is found that after modification, hydrophilicity is enhanced, which is beneficial to water vapor evaporation (as shown in fig. 2a and fig. 2b, respectively). Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the heating rates of the composite paper modified by the N-polypyrrole-polyacrylic acid copolymer with the number average molecular weight of 2000 and the composite paper modified by the polypyrrole with the number average molecular weight of 2000, and it is found that the heating rate of the composite paper is obviously increased after the N-polypyrrole-polyacrylic acid copolymer is modified. Wherein, curve 1 in fig. 3 is the heating rate of the composite paper modified by the N-polypyrrole-polyacrylic acid copolymer with the number average molecular weight of 2000, and curve 2 is the heating rate of the composite paper modified by the polypyrrole with the number average molecular weight of 2000. Further, as shown in fig. 4, the seawater desalination evaporation experiment shows that when the included angles between the structural units of the reactor are respectively 30 °, 50 °, 70 ° and 90 °, the evaporation amounts are respectively 2.92kg/m2/h、3.03kg/m2/h、2.85kg/m2/h、2.70kg/m2H is used as the reference value. The inventor of the present application uses the three-dimensional seawater evaporator obtained in the present embodiment in seawater desalination experiments, and Na thereof+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+The retention rate was 99.98% in the range of 10-10000mg/L (as shown in FIGS. 5a and 5 b). The mechanical property shows that the tensile strength is highThe strength is 110MPa, the elastic modulus is 12.2GPa, the mechanical property is kept at 96.4 percent after respectively standing for 24 hours at high temperature (100 ℃), low temperature (50 ℃), high-concentration salt ions (0.1mol/L NaCl), strong acid (0.1mol/L HCl) and strong base (0.1mol/L NaOH).
Example 2
(1) The structure of the channel. The length of the quadrangle is 0.3m, the width of the quadrangle is 5cm, and the cutting height of the right-angled triangle is 0.03 m;
(2) composition of the channels. The texture is a honeycomb cotton fabric.
(3) The reactor unit is divided into four structural units, the length of each structural unit is 10cm, the height of each structural unit is 0.5m, and included angles α of the structural units are respectively 40 degrees, 60 degrees and 80 degrees.
(4) Composition of the reactor unit. The smoothness is 8S, the water content is 4%, the micro appearance is in a thread shape, and S-polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol modified corrugated paper with the number average molecular weight of 5000 is adopted.
The three-dimensional seawater evaporator obtained by the embodiment is subjected to morphology and wettability tests, and the modified three-dimensional seawater evaporator is improved in hydrophilicity and is beneficial to water vapor evaporation. Further, seawater desalination evaporation experiments show that when the included angles between the structural units of the reactor are respectively 40 degrees, 60 degrees and 80 degrees, the evaporation amount is respectively 2.92kg/m2/h、3.21kg/m2/h、2.65kg/m2H is used as the reference value. The inventor of the present application uses the three-dimensional seawater evaporator obtained in the present embodiment in seawater desalination experiments, and Na thereof+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+Has 99.99 percent of retention rate in the concentration range of 10-10000 mg/L. The mechanical property shows that the tensile strength is 114MPa, the elastic modulus is 12.5GPa, the mechanical property is kept at 97.2 percent after the mixture is respectively stood for 24 hours at high temperature (200 ℃), low temperature (0 ℃), high-concentration salt ions (2mol/LNaCl), strong acid (1mol/L HCl) and strong base (2mol/L NaOH).
Example 3
(1) The structure of the channel. The length of the quadrangle is 0.3m, the width of the quadrangle is 5cm, and the cutting height of the right-angled triangle is 0.03 m;
(2) composition of the channels. The texture is twill cotton fabric.
(3) The reactor unit is divided into four structural units, the length of each structural unit is 30cm, the height of each structural unit is 1m, and included angles α of the structural units are 45 degrees, 65 degrees and 85 degrees respectively.
(4) Composition of the reactor unit. The smoothness is 15s, the water content is 6%, the micro-morphology is step-shaped, and Si-polypyrrole-polyethylene glycol modified kraft paper with the number average molecular weight of 20000 is adopted.
The three-dimensional seawater evaporator obtained by the embodiment is subjected to morphology and wettability tests, and the modified three-dimensional seawater evaporator is improved in hydrophilicity and is beneficial to water vapor evaporation. Further, seawater desalination evaporation experiments show that when the included angles between the structural units of the reactor are 45 degrees, 65 degrees and 85 degrees respectively, the evaporation amounts are 2.65kg/m2/h、2.72kg/m2/h、3.10kg/m2H is used as the reference value. The inventor of the present application uses the three-dimensional seawater evaporator obtained in the present embodiment in seawater desalination experiments, and Na thereof+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+Has 99.98 percent of retention rate in the concentration range of 10-10000 mg/L. The mechanical properties show that the tensile strength is 115MPa, the elastic modulus is 12.6GPa, the mechanical properties are maintained at 98.2% after standing for 24h at high temperature (300 ℃), low temperature (10 ℃), high-concentration salt ions (5mol/L NaCl), strong acid (3mol/L HCl) and strong base (5mol/L NaOH), respectively.
Example 4
(1) The structure of the channel. The length of the quadrangle is 0.4m, the width of the quadrangle is 6cm, and the cutting height of the right-angled triangle is 0.04 m;
(2) composition of the channels. The texture is plain woven cotton fabric.
(3) The reactor unit is divided into four structural units, the length of each structural unit is 40cm, the height of each structural unit is 1.5m, and included angles α of the structural units are respectively 40 degrees, 60 degrees and 80 degrees.
(4) Composition of the reactor unit. The smoothness is 18s, the water content is 8%, the microstructure is tooth shape, and the paper bag paper modified by Bi-polyaniline-poly (dimethylamine ethyl methacrylate) with the number average molecular weight of 50000 is adopted.
Carrying out morphology and wetting on the three-dimensional seawater evaporator obtained in the embodimentAnd moisture tests show that after the modification, the hydrophilicity is enhanced, and the water vapor evaporation is facilitated. Further, seawater desalination evaporation experiments show that when the included angles between the structural units of the reactor are respectively 45 degrees, 65 degrees and 85 degrees, the evaporation amount is respectively 2.82kg/m2/h、3.20kg/m2/h、2.76kg/m2H is used as the reference value. The inventor of the present application uses the three-dimensional seawater evaporator obtained in the present embodiment in seawater desalination experiments, and Na thereof+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+Has 99.99 percent of retention rate in the concentration range of 10-10000 mg/L. The mechanical properties show that the tensile strength is 110MPa, the elastic modulus is 12.2GPa, the high-temperature (400 ℃), the low-temperature (30 ℃), the high-concentration salt ions (8mol/LNaCl), the strong acid (4mol/L HCl) and the strong base (8mol/L NaOH) are respectively kept still for 24 hours, and the mechanical properties are kept at 97.5%.
Example 5
(1) The structure of the channel. The length of the quadrangle is 0.5m, the width of the quadrangle is 8cm, and the cutting height of the right-angled triangle is 0.04 m;
(2) composition of the channels. The texture is satin cotton fabric.
(3) The reactor unit is divided into four structural units, the length of each structural unit is 40cm, the height of each structural unit is 1.5m, and included angles α of the structural units are respectively 35 degrees, 65 degrees and 85 degrees.
(4) Composition of the reactor unit. The smoothness is 20s, the water content is 10%, the microscopic appearance is diamond-shaped, and P-polypyrrole-benzoic acid modified gravure paper with the number average molecular weight of 10000 is adopted.
The three-dimensional seawater evaporator obtained by the embodiment is subjected to morphology and wettability tests, and the modified three-dimensional seawater evaporator is improved in hydrophilicity and is beneficial to water vapor evaporation. Further, seawater desalination evaporation experiments show that when the included angles between the structural units of the reactor are respectively 35 degrees, 65 degrees and 85 degrees, the evaporation amount is respectively 2.66kg/m2/h、2.82kg/m2/h、3.40kg/m2H is used as the reference value. The inventor of the present application uses the three-dimensional seawater evaporator obtained in the present embodiment in seawater desalination experiments, and Na thereof+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+Has 99 percent of concentration in the range of 10-10000mg/L99% rejection. The mechanical properties show that the tensile strength is 110MPa, the elastic modulus is 12.2GPa, the mechanical properties are maintained at 98.7% after standing for 24h at high temperature (500 ℃), low temperature (-40 ℃), high-concentration salt ions (9mol/LNaCl), strong acid (4mol/L HCl) and strong base (9mol/L NaOH), respectively.
Example 6
(1) The structure of the channel. The length of the quadrangle is 0.5m, the width of the quadrangle is 10cm, and the cutting height of the right-angled triangle is 0.05 m;
(2) composition of the channels. The texture is a threaded cotton fabric.
(3) The reactor unit is divided into four structural units, the length of each structural unit is 40cm, the height of each structural unit is 1.5m, and included angles α of the structural units are 33 degrees, 53 degrees and 73 degrees respectively.
(4) Composition of the reactor unit. The smoothness is 20s, the water content is 10%, the microscopic appearance is in a plain weave shape, and Ti-polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol modified relief paper with the number average molecular weight of 20000 is adopted.
The three-dimensional seawater evaporator obtained by the embodiment is subjected to morphology and wettability tests, and the modified three-dimensional seawater evaporator is improved in hydrophilicity and is beneficial to water vapor evaporation. Further, seawater desalination evaporation experiments show that when the included angles between the structural units of the reactor are respectively 45 degrees, 55 degrees and 65 degrees, the evaporation amount is respectively 2.67kg/m2/h、2.88kg/m2/h、3.60kg/m2H is used as the reference value. The inventor of the present application uses the three-dimensional seawater evaporator obtained in the present embodiment in seawater desalination experiments, and Na thereof+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+Has 99.98 percent of retention rate in the concentration range of 10-10000 mg/L. The mechanical properties show that the tensile strength is 110MPa, the elastic modulus is 12.2GPa, the mechanical properties are maintained at 99.7% after standing for 24h at high temperature (600 ℃), low temperature (-50 ℃), high-concentration salt ions (10mol/LNaCl), strong acid (5mol/L HCl) and strong base (10mol/L NaOH), respectively.
Comparative example 1
Yunguhua et al, Austin school of Texas university, developed a gel with a hierarchical nanostructure for seawater evaporation with evaporation efficiency that could be achieved in one sun3.2kg/m2H, but its material strength is only 104Pa (FIG. 6), and the preparation process is complicated by 10 times of freeze-drying.
Comparative example 2
Wangcon et al, the university of the Alpo Dula King science and technology, developed a 3D-structured seawater evaporator by suction filtration of a mixed solution of graphene oxide and carbon tubes, but the efficiency of the seawater evaporator can only reach 1.59kg/m in one sun2H (FIG. 7).
In addition, the inventor also refers to the mode of the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 6, tests are carried out by other raw materials and conditions listed in the specification, and the seawater evaporator with the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, three-dimensional omni-directionality and the like is also manufactured. It should be understood that the above is only a specific application example of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited in any way. All the technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The three-dimensional seawater evaporator is characterized by comprising a channel structure with moisture absorption and transportation functions and a reactor unit with a photothermal conversion function, wherein the reactor unit is positioned at one end of the channel structure, the channel structure and the reactor unit are constructed to form a three-dimensional structure, and the reactor unit comprises high-molecular functionalized paper.
2. The three-dimensional seawater evaporator of claim 1, wherein: the shape of the channel structure comprises a quadrilateral; and/or the length of the channel structure is 0.05-0.5 m, and the width of the channel structure is 1-10 cm.
3. The three-dimensional seawater evaporator of claim 2, wherein: the tail end of the channel structure is cut; preferably, the cutting treatment is right-angled triangle cutting treatment, wherein the height of the right-angled triangle is 0.01-0.05 m.
4. The three-dimensional seawater evaporator of claim 1, wherein: the material of the channel structure comprises cotton fabric; preferably, the texture of the cotton fabric comprises a plain, twill, satin or honeycomb texture, and particularly preferably, the cotton fabric comprises a honeycomb fabric.
5. The three-dimensional seawater evaporator of claim 1, wherein: the reactor unit comprises four structural units, the length of each structural unit is 5-50 cm, the height of each structural unit is 0.01-2 m, and the included angle between every two adjacent structural units is 30-90 degrees; preferably, the structural unit is in the shape of an isosceles triangle.
6. The three-dimensional seawater evaporator of claim 1, wherein: the polymer functional paper comprises composite paper, printing paper, paper bag paper, corrugated paper, intaglio paper, embossed paper or kraft paper; and/or the smoothness of the high-molecular functionalized paper is 5-20 s; and/or the moisture content of the polymer functionalized paper is 2-10 wt%; and/or the shape structure of the polymer functionalized paper comprises a sawtooth shape, a flat grain shape, a diamond shape, a step shape or a thread shape;
and/or the macromolecule in the macromolecule functionalized paper comprises a polypyrrole derivative and/or a polyaniline derivative;
preferably, the polypyrrole derivative comprises a copolymer of polypyrrole and a high polymer material and/or doped polypyrrole, and the polyaniline derivative comprises a copolymer of polyaniline and a high polymer material and/or doped polyaniline;
preferably, the polymer material comprises a polar polymer, and the polar polymer comprises any one or a combination of more than two of polyacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerol, poly-benzoic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and poly-dimethylamine ethylmethacrylate;
preferably, the doped polypyrrole or doped polyaniline contains a doping element which comprises any one or a combination of more than two of N, S, Si, Bi, Ti and P;
preferably, the number average molecular weight of the polypyrrole derivative is 2000-20000;
preferably, the number average molecular weight of the polyaniline derivative is 5000-50000.
7. The three-dimensional stereoscopic seawater evaporator of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the tensile strength of the three-dimensional seawater evaporator is more than 100MPa, and the elastic modulus is more than 12 GPa; preferably, after the three-dimensional seawater evaporator is treated in a high-temperature, low-temperature, high-salt, strong-acid or strong-base environment for 24 hours, the tensile strength and the elastic modulus are still maintained, the temperature of the high-temperature environment is 100-600 ℃, the temperature of the low-temperature environment is-50-0 ℃, the salt concentration of the high-salt environment is 0.1-10 mol/L, the strong-acid environment is a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1-5 mol/L, and the strong base is a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.1-10 mol/L.
8. The three-dimensional stereoscopic seawater evaporator of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the evaporation capacity of the three-dimensional seawater evaporator is 2.6kg/m2More than h, and the rejection rate to the ions in the seawater is more than 99.98 percent, wherein the ions comprise Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+、Sr2+、B3+Any one or a combination of two or more of them; preferably, the concentration of the ions is 10-10000 mg/L.
9. Use of the three-dimensional stereoscopic sea water evaporator of any one of claims 1-8 in the field of sea water desalination.
10. A method for desalinating seawater is characterized by comprising the following steps: placing the three-dimensional seawater evaporator of any one of claims 1-8 in a container carrying seawater, and evaporating the seawater to obtain desalinated pure water.
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