CN111068518A - Non-uniform ammonia spraying system and method for SCR denitration device - Google Patents
Non-uniform ammonia spraying system and method for SCR denitration device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111068518A CN111068518A CN201911423300.XA CN201911423300A CN111068518A CN 111068518 A CN111068518 A CN 111068518A CN 201911423300 A CN201911423300 A CN 201911423300A CN 111068518 A CN111068518 A CN 111068518A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8696—Controlling the catalytic process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
Abstract
The invention discloses a non-uniform ammonia spraying system and a non-uniform ammonia spraying method for an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device, wherein the system comprises the following steps: the ammonia injection grid is arranged in a non-uniform mode, is arranged at the inlet of a flue of the SCR denitration device and is used for carrying out non-uniform ammonia injection on the SCR denitration device; the NOx monitoring grid is arranged behind the ammonia injection grid which is arranged non-uniformly and is used for monitoring the distribution condition of NOx in the flue gas; the controller is connected with the non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection grating and is used for controlling the ammonia injection amount of the non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection device; and the big data processing platform is connected with the plant-level monitoring information system, the NOx monitoring grid and the controller, is responsible for reading data in the plant-level monitoring information system and data monitored by the NOx monitoring grid in real time, and outputs electromagnetic valve action signals to the controller to adjust the ammonia injection amount of the non-uniformly-arranged ammonia injection device after analysis and processing. The invention not only saves the ammonia injection amount, but also reduces the ammonia escape amount, and avoids the blockage of the air preheater caused by the generation of ammonium bisulfate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a non-uniform ammonia spraying system and method for an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device, belonging to the technical field of SCR denitration equipment of coal-fired power plants.
Background
The nitrogen oxide is one of main pollutants in the smoke discharged by a coal-fired power plant, and in order to control the discharge amount of the nitrogen oxide, a coal-fired unit is mostly provided with selective catalytic reduction denitration equipment, and the basic principle is that an SCR reactor is arranged behind an outlet flue of a boiler economizer and is at the temperature of 320-400 ℃. NOx in the flue gas and a reducing agent NH3 selectively react under the catalysis of a catalyst to generate N2 and water, so that the aim of removing the NOx in the flue gas is fulfilled.
In the denitration device, the mixing uniformity and degree of ammonia and flue gas are important factors influencing the denitration efficiency. In order to meet the requirement of uniform mixing of ammonia gas and flue gas, most of denitration equipment adopts the design of an ammonia injection grid, the section of a flue is divided into a plurality of controllable areas through the ammonia injection grid, and an ammonia injection field is matched with a flue gas flow field by adjusting the opening degree of an ammonia injection valve in each area, so that the denitration efficiency is ensured.
Although the design meets the flow field matching requirement in the design working condition, the requirement of ultralow emission cannot be met, the power plant often adopts an excessive ammonia spraying strategy, the problem of ammonia escape is easily caused, and the escaped NH3 is bonded with fly ash in flue gas after being liquefied with ammonium bisulfate generated by SO3 in the flue gas, SO that the air preheater is easily blocked. In addition, because the distribution of the flow field is not uniform, the ammonia injection valve in a partial area is in a small opening degree for a long time, and the blockage of the ammonia injection valve is easily caused after the ammonia injection valve is operated for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the method, the invention provides a non-uniform ammonia injection system and a non-uniform ammonia injection method for an SCR denitration device, which can not only save the ammonia injection amount, but also reduce the ammonia escape amount and avoid the blockage of an air preheater caused by the generation of ammonium bisulfate.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
on one hand, the non-uniform ammonia injection system of the SCR denitration device provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the ammonia injection grid is arranged in a non-uniform mode, is arranged at the inlet of a flue of the SCR denitration device and is used for carrying out non-uniform ammonia injection on the SCR denitration device;
the NOx monitoring grid is arranged behind the ammonia injection grid which is arranged non-uniformly and is used for monitoring the distribution condition of NOx in the flue gas;
the controller is connected with the non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection grating and is used for controlling the ammonia injection amount of the non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection device;
and the big data processing platform is connected with the plant-level monitoring information system, the NOx monitoring grid and the controller, is responsible for reading data in the plant-level monitoring information system and data monitored by the NOx monitoring grid in real time, and outputs electromagnetic valve action signals to the controller to adjust the ammonia injection amount of the non-uniformly-arranged ammonia injection device after analysis and processing.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection grid is composed of a plurality of branch pipes communicated with the main pipe, a branch pipe valve is arranged at a position where the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe, a nozzle is arranged on a branch pipe of the branch pipe, the main pipe is provided with a main pipe valve for controlling all the branch pipes, and the main pipe valve and the branch pipe valve are respectively electrically connected with the controller.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the NOx monitoring grid is arranged by using an equidistant grid method according to the size of the flue, and the number of the measuring points on each grid line is not less than three.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the ammonia injection amount of the mother pipe valve is determined by a large data platform, the ammonia injection amount of the branch pipe valve is determined by the NOx distribution unevenness determined by the flue gas monitoring grid, and the controller receives an instruction of the large data platform to control the opening of each valve.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the big data processing platform is connected to the SIS system and configured to read operation history data and real-time data of units in the SIS system; cleaning historical data according to the denitration efficiency and ammonia escape to obtain operation parameters under normal working conditions; according to the cleaned data, obtaining time corresponding relations among all parameters through delay analysis, and obtaining a model of an ammonia injection amount curve required by SCR through training of a neural network algorithm and a machine learning algorithm of a large data platform; and reading real-time operation data of the unit during operation, and obtaining the real-time required ammonia injection amount according to the operation parameters before the SCR inlet.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the non-uniform ammonia injection system further includes a flow guide device, where the flow guide device includes a double-layer flow guide plate, a flow guide plate adjusting device, and a smoke detection device; the double-layer guide plate is arranged in the flue and is positioned behind the non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection grid; the guide plate adjusting device comprises a power device, a rotating mechanism and a positioning device, wherein the power device and the positioning device are arranged on the outer wall of the flue, the rotating mechanism is positioned in the flue, one end of the rotating mechanism penetrates through the outside of the flue and is connected with the positioning device, the double-layer guide plate is arranged on the rotating mechanism, and the power device is connected with the rotating mechanism and drives the rotating mechanism to work so as to adjust the angle of the guide plate of the double-layer guide plate; the flue gas monitoring device is positioned at an outlet of the SCR denitration device; the power device, the positioning device and the smoke detection device are all electrically connected with the controller, and the positioning device feeds back the angle information of the rotating mechanism to the controller.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the double-layer baffle includes a first baffle and a second baffle, the first baffle and the second baffle are arranged at 90 °, and the baffles of the first baffle and the second baffle can rotate around the rotating mechanism individually.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the first flow guiding plate and the second flow guiding plate are provided with at least 3 flow guiding plates.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the number of the first guide plate and the second guide plate is adjusted according to the difference of the width of the flue, the height of the first guide plate is H, the maximum rotatable angle is θ, and the minimum distances between the guide vanes of the first guide plate and the second guide plate and between the guide vanes of the first guide plate and the front and rear side wall surfaces of the flue are both greater than 1.5Hsin θ; the height of the second guide plate blade is L, the maximum rotation is delta, and the minimum distances between the second guide plate flow deflector and the first guide plate flow deflector and between the second guide plate flow deflector and the left and right side wall surfaces of the flue are both greater than 1.5Lsin delta.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the controller is configured to receive angle information of the rotating mechanism and transmit the angle information to the big data processing platform, and after receiving a feedback signal from the big data processing platform, the controller controls the guide plate adjusting device to drive the double-layer guide plate to rotate.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the flue gas monitoring device is composed of one or more of a NOx monitoring sensor, an NH3 monitoring sensor and a pressure sensor, which are disposed on the flue gas monitoring grid, and outputs a monitoring signal to the controller in a wireless transmission protocol manner.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the flue gas monitoring grid is arranged in a layer above and below the SCR catalyst of the SCR denitration device, and is arranged in an equidistant square grid division manner.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the differential pressure sensors are disposed on the flue gas monitoring grid above the SCR catalyst of the SCR denitration device, and the number of the differential pressure sensors is not less than 3 × 3; the NOx monitoring sensors and/or NH3 monitoring sensors are arranged on the smoke monitoring grid below the SCR denitration device SCR catalyst, and the number of the NOx monitoring sensors and/or NH3 monitoring sensors is not less than 3x 3.
On the other hand, the non-uniform ammonia spraying method for the SCR denitration device provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
reading historical operating data of a power plant, and screening out NOx content and ammonia escape quantity at an outlet of a denitration efficiency SCR when a unit normally operates;
defining a target variable as an ammonia injection amount, and establishing an ammonia injection curve model;
and (4) carrying out ammonia injection curve model training to find out the optimal solution of the ammonia injection amount meeting the ultralow emission index under different working conditions.
As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the factors that affect the target variables include boiler load, SCR inlet temperature, SCR inlet flue gas NOx concentration, SCR inlet O2 concentration, catalyst age.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the data used for the ammonia injection curve model training includes boiler load, SCR inlet temperature, SCR inlet flue gas NOx concentration, SCR inlet O2 concentration, catalyst service time, ammonia injection amount under the original control system, SCR outlet ammonia slip amount, SCR outlet NOx concentration, and denitration efficiency.
In the ammonia injection curve model training process, historical operating data of the power plant for one month is reserved as a test sample for standby, the rest data are imported into a big data processing platform, delay relations among different parameters are found out through data analysis, and the ammonia injection curve model training is carried out through a neural network algorithm and an optimization algorithm of the big data processing platform.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the non-uniform ammonia spraying method further includes the following steps:
and (5) carrying out stability test of the ammonia spraying curve model.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the process of performing the stability test of the ammonia injection curve model includes: firstly, testing by using a reserved test sample, inputting the influence factors into the ammonia injection curve model, comparing with the actual operation result, if the output result is superior to the actual operation result, proving that the ammonia injection curve model is stable, otherwise, optimizing the ammonia injection curve model.
In a third aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for designing a non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection grid of an SCR denitration device, which includes the following steps:
acquiring flue design information of a coal-fired power plant, burning coal quality information, and preliminarily determining the flow field distribution condition before the inlet flue of the SCR denitration system through numerical simulation;
arranging a NOx monitoring grid in front of an SCR inlet flue, wherein the monitoring grid consists of a NOx concentration sensor and signal connecting lines, dividing the flue into a plurality of regions with transverse spacing x and longitudinal spacing y according to the size of the flue, and arranging the NOx sensor in the center of each region by adopting an equal spacing arrangement method, so that the distance between the transverse directions of the NOx sensors is also x, the distance between the longitudinal directions of the NOx sensors is also y, and meanwhile, the number of measuring points on each grid line is not less than 3;
according to the monitoring result of the NOx monitoring grid, calculating the proportion of the ammonia injection nozzles in the xy area of the area near the node as the center, wherein the proportion of the nozzles in each area is
Wherein C isiThe NOx concentration monitored for the measurement point,
monitoring the average value of the NOx concentration for the measuring point;
and (3) further adjusting and optimizing the distribution design of the nozzles in the cross section of the flue by combining the numerical simulation flow field analysis result, ensuring that the opening degree of each branch ammonia spraying valve is not less than 70% in the normal load operation range, and obtaining the final non-uniformly arranged ammonia spraying grid.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the non-uniform ammonia spraying system of the SCR denitration device, the ammonia spraying amount is saved, the ammonia escape amount is reduced, and the blockage of an air preheater caused by the generation of ammonium bisulfate is avoided. The non-uniform ammonia injection system adopts the arrangement mode of the non-uniform ammonia injection grids, reduces the arrangement density of the ammonia injection grids, reduces the flue resistance and achieves the aim of reducing the overall energy consumption.
According to the non-uniform ammonia injection method for the SCR denitration device, provided by the embodiment of the invention, aiming at the complicated and changeable working conditions in the coal-fired power plant, the problems that the distribution of the flow field of the SCR inlet flue is uneven and the ammonia injection grid is easy to block are considered, the large data model is used for deeply mining historical operation data, the optimal solution of the ammonia injection amount under different load working conditions is obtained, and the ammonia consumption is reduced.
According to the design method for the non-uniformly distributed ammonia injection grids of the SCR denitration device, provided by the embodiment of the invention, by adopting the design of the non-uniformly distributed ammonia injection grids, the action times of the ammonia injection regulating valve are reduced, the average opening value of the valve is increased, and the condition of valve blockage is improved. In addition, the arrangement mode of the non-uniform ammonia injection grid is adopted, the arrangement density of the ammonia injection grid is reduced, the flue resistance is reduced, and the purpose of reducing the overall energy consumption is achieved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a non-uniform ammonia injection system for an SCR denitration device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a non-uniform arrangement of an ammonia injection grid in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a NOx monitoring grid in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a flow directing device according to an exemplary embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a baffle adjustment device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a non-uniform ammonia injection method for an SCR denitration device according to an exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
in order to clearly explain the technical features of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. To simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Furthermore, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. It should be noted that the components illustrated in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques and procedures are omitted so as to not unnecessarily limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-uniform ammonia injection system for an SCR denitration device, including:
the ammonia injection grid 1 is arranged in a non-uniform mode, is arranged at the inlet of a flue of the SCR denitration device and is used for carrying out non-uniform ammonia injection on the SCR denitration device;
the NOx monitoring grid 2 is arranged behind the ammonia injection grid which is arranged non-uniformly and used for monitoring the distribution condition of NOx in the flue gas;
the controller 3 is connected with the non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection grid 1 and is used for controlling the ammonia injection amount of the non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection device;
and the big data processing platform 4 is connected with the plant-level monitoring information system, the NOx monitoring grid and the controller, is responsible for reading data in the plant-level monitoring information system and data monitored by the NOx monitoring grid in real time, and outputs electromagnetic valve action signals to the controller to adjust the ammonia injection amount of the non-uniformly-arranged ammonia injection device after analysis and processing.
As shown in fig. 2, as a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the non-uniform ammonia injection grid is composed of a plurality of branch pipes 14 communicated with the main pipe, a branch pipe valve 12 is disposed at a position where the branch pipe 14 is connected with the main pipe, a nozzle 13 is disposed on a branch pipe of the branch pipe 14, a main pipe valve 11 for controlling all the branch pipes is disposed on the main pipe, and the main pipe valve and the branch pipe valve are respectively electrically connected with the controller.
As shown in figure 2, the non-uniform ammonia injection grid consists of a main pipe valve 11, a branch pipe valve 12, a nozzle 13 and a branch pipe 14, the control valves of the non-uniform ammonia injection device are all controlled by electromagnetic valves, the electromagnetic valves are connected with a controller, and each electronic valve can receive the command of the controller and independently adjust the opening degree. In formal operation, the controller receives the ammonia injection total amount signal calculated by the big data platform, adjusts the valve opening of the mother pipe valve, controls the ammonia injection total amount, simultaneously, the flue gas NOx monitoring grid transmits the NOx content distribution data signal in the flue gas to the big data processing platform, and the data platform finely adjusts the opening of each valve according to the monitoring information of the NOx monitoring grid, so that the ammonia injection amount and the flue gas flow field are in the optimal cooperative state.
As shown in fig. 3, as a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the NOx monitoring grid is arranged by using an equidistant grid method according to the size of the flue, and the number of the measuring points on each grid line is not less than three.
The ammonia injection grid is in a non-uniform arrangement mode, during design, the distribution rule of NOx is determined through numerical simulation and data of a NOx monitoring grid, a tighter nozzle is arranged in a region with concentrated NOx distribution, and the number of nozzles is properly reduced in a region with lower NOx concentration. The ammonia spraying device with non-uniform arrangement adopts electromagnetic valves to control the ammonia spraying amount of each branch nozzle, and the opening degree of each electromagnetic valve can be independently adjusted.
As shown in fig. 3, the NOx monitoring grid is composed of NOx concentration sensors and signal connection lines, the flue is divided into a plurality of regions with a transverse distance x and a longitudinal distance y according to the size of the flue, the NOx sensors are arranged in the center of each region by adopting an equal-distance arrangement method, the distance between the transverse directions of the NOx sensors is also x, the distance between the longitudinal directions of the NOx sensors is also y, and meanwhile, the number of the measurement points on each grid line is not less than 3.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the ammonia injection amount of the mother pipe valve is determined by a large data platform, the ammonia injection amount of the branch pipe valve is determined by the NOx distribution unevenness determined by the flue gas monitoring grid, and the controller receives an instruction of the large data platform to control the opening of each valve.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the big data processing platform is connected to the SIS system and configured to read operation history data and real-time data of units in the SIS system; cleaning historical data according to the denitration efficiency and ammonia escape to obtain operation parameters under normal working conditions; according to the cleaned data, obtaining time corresponding relations among all parameters through delay analysis, and obtaining a model of an ammonia injection amount curve required by SCR through training of a neural network algorithm and a machine learning algorithm of a large data platform; and reading real-time operation data of the unit during operation, and obtaining the real-time required ammonia injection amount according to the operation parameters before the SCR inlet.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the big data processing platform reads historical data and real-time data of the denitration system and the boiler load from the plant-level monitoring information system, and adopts a one-way transmission protocol.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the big data processing platform determines the corresponding time relationship between the parameters by analyzing the delay between the parameters.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the big data processing platform adopts a neural network algorithm to implement optimization and prediction functions, and through analysis of historical data, optimal solutions of target parameters under different working conditions can be found out, and a corresponding relationship between target factors and factors affecting the target can be found out, and target parameter values are predicted by using the characteristic of existence of delay among the parameters.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the big data processing platform adopts a machine learning algorithm, and by comparing the real-time monitoring and prediction optimization results of the operating data, the learning curve is updated autonomously, so that the big data model is more in line with the actual situation.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the non-uniform ammonia injection system further includes a flow guiding device, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the flow guiding device includes a double-layer flow guiding plate 51, a flow guiding plate adjusting device 52, and a smoke detection device 53; the double-layer guide plate 51 is arranged in the flue and behind the non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection grid 1; the guide plate adjusting device 52 comprises a power device 521, a rotating mechanism 522 and a positioning device 523, the power device 521 and the positioning device 523 are arranged on the outer wall of the flue, the rotating mechanism 522 is positioned in the flue, one end of the rotating mechanism 522 penetrates through the outside of the flue and is connected with the positioning device 523, the double-layer guide plate 51 is arranged on the rotating mechanism, and the power device and the rotating mechanism are connected to drive the rotating mechanism to drive the working double-layer guide plate to rotate so as to adjust the angle of the guide plate of the double-layer guide plate; the flue gas monitoring device 53 is positioned at an outlet of the SCR denitration device; the power device 521, the positioning device 523 and the smoke detection device 53 are all electrically connected with the controller 3, and the positioning device feeds back the angle information of the rotating mechanism to the controller 3.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the double-layer baffle includes a first baffle and a second baffle, the first baffle and the second baffle are arranged at 90 °, and the baffles of the first baffle and the second baffle can rotate around the rotating mechanism individually.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the first flow guiding plate and the second flow guiding plate are provided with at least 3 flow guiding plates.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the number of the first guide plate and the second guide plate is adjusted according to the difference of the width of the flue, the height of the first guide plate is H, the maximum rotatable angle is θ, and the minimum distances between the guide vanes of the first guide plate and the second guide plate and between the guide vanes of the first guide plate and the front and rear side wall surfaces of the flue are both greater than 1.5Hsin θ; the height of the second guide plate blade is L, the maximum rotation is delta, and the minimum distances between the second guide plate flow deflector and the first guide plate flow deflector and between the second guide plate flow deflector and the left and right side wall surfaces of the flue are both greater than 1.5Lsin delta.
According to the flow guide device, two layers of flow guide plates which are vertically arranged are arranged in the SCR inlet flue behind the ammonia injection grid, so that the adjustment of two dimensions of a flue gas flow field is realized, the limitation that the flow guide plates can be adjusted in one plane in the past is changed, the flue gas entering the SCR reaction device can be homogenized to a higher degree, and the flue gas can be better contacted with a catalyst layer for reaction; the controller of the device designed by the invention is connected with the background big data system, so that the adjustment data can be updated in real time, the adjustment is dynamically carried out in real time according to the detected flue gas data, the ammonia escape amount is reduced, and the denitration efficiency is improved.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the controller is configured to receive angle information of the rotating mechanism and transmit the angle information to the big data processing platform, and after receiving a feedback signal from the big data processing platform, the controller controls the guide plate adjusting device to drive the double-layer guide plate to rotate.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the flue gas monitoring device is composed of one or more of a NOx monitoring sensor, an NH3 monitoring sensor and a pressure sensor, which are disposed on the flue gas monitoring grid, and outputs a monitoring signal to the controller in a wireless transmission protocol manner.
According to the embodiment, the ammonia spraying system which is arranged non-uniformly is constructed, so that the ammonia spraying amount is saved, the ammonia escape amount is reduced, and the blockage of the air preheater caused by the generation of ammonium bisulfate is avoided. The non-uniform ammonia injection system adopts the arrangement mode of the non-uniform ammonia injection grids, reduces the arrangement density of the ammonia injection grids, reduces the flue resistance and achieves the aim of reducing the overall energy consumption.
As shown in fig. 4, as a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the flue gas monitoring grids are respectively arranged in a layer above and below the SCR catalyst of the SCR denitration device, and are arranged in an equidistant square grid division manner.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the differential pressure sensors are disposed on the flue gas monitoring grid above the SCR catalyst of the SCR denitration device, and the number of the differential pressure sensors is not less than 3 × 3; the NOx monitoring sensors and/or NH3 monitoring sensors are arranged on the smoke monitoring grid below the SCR denitration device SCR catalyst, and the number of the NOx monitoring sensors and/or NH3 monitoring sensors is not less than 3x 3.
As shown in fig. 6, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-uniform ammonia injection method for an SCR denitration device, including the following steps:
reading historical operating data of a power plant, and screening out NOx content and ammonia escape quantity at an outlet of a denitration efficiency SCR when a unit normally operates;
defining a target variable as an ammonia injection amount, and establishing an ammonia injection curve model;
and (4) carrying out ammonia injection curve model training to find out the optimal solution of the ammonia injection amount meeting the ultralow emission index under different working conditions.
As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the factors that affect the target variables include boiler load, SCR inlet temperature, SCR inlet flue gas NOx concentration, SCR inlet O2 concentration, catalyst age.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the data used for the ammonia injection curve model training includes boiler load, SCR inlet temperature, SCR inlet flue gas NOx concentration, SCR inlet O2 concentration, catalyst service time, ammonia injection amount under the original control system, SCR outlet ammonia slip amount, SCR outlet NOx concentration, and denitration efficiency.
In the ammonia injection curve model training process, historical operating data of the power plant for one month is reserved as a test sample for standby, the rest data are imported into a big data processing platform, delay relations among different parameters are found out through data analysis, and the ammonia injection curve model training is carried out through a neural network algorithm and an optimization algorithm of the big data processing platform.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the non-uniform ammonia spraying method further includes the following steps:
and (5) carrying out stability test of the ammonia spraying curve model.
As a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the process of performing the stability test of the ammonia injection curve model includes: firstly, testing by using a reserved test sample, inputting the influence factors into the ammonia injection curve model, comparing with the actual operation result, if the output result is superior to the actual operation result, proving that the ammonia injection curve model is stable, otherwise, optimizing the ammonia injection curve model.
The specific implementation process of the non-uniform ammonia injection method of the SCR denitration device in this embodiment is as follows.
The big data processing platform needs to read historical operation data of the power plant and real-time operation data, and is selectively connected with a plant-level monitoring information system (SIS) in order to ensure the safety and stability of the operation of the power plant. Before the large data processing platform is put into use formally, historical operation data of a denitration system are read from an SIS system by the large data processing platform, data cleaning is carried out according to the NOx content and ammonia escape amount at the outlet of an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) of denitration efficiency, and all the parameters during normal operation of a unit are screened out.
Defining the target variable as ammonia injection amount, and the factors influencing the target variable mainly comprise boiler load, SCR inlet temperature, SCR inlet flue gas NOx concentration, SCR inlet O2 concentration and catalyst service time. The data used for model training also comprises the ammonia injection amount, the ammonia escape amount at the SCR outlet, the NOx concentration at the SCR outlet and the denitration efficiency of the original control system. Reserving data of one month as a test sample for later use, importing the rest data into a big data system, finding out delay relations among different parameters through data analysis, carrying out ammonia injection curve model training through a neural network algorithm and an optimization algorithm of a big data processing platform, and finding out the optimal solution of the ammonia injection amount meeting the ultra-low emission index under different working conditions.
And after the training is finished, performing stability test, firstly, testing by using a reserved test sample, inputting the influence factors into the system, comparing with the actual operation result, if the output result is superior to the actual operation result and the data is within a reasonable range, formally putting into use, and generally testing and operating for less than one month.
The embodiment considers the problems of uneven distribution of the SCR inlet flue flow field and easy blockage of the ammonia injection grid aiming at the complicated and changeable working conditions in the coal-fired power plant, provides a large data model, deeply excavates historical operating data, obtains the optimal solution of the ammonia injection amount under different load working conditions, and reduces the ammonia consumption.
The embodiment of the invention provides a design method of a non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection grid of an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device, which comprises the following steps of:
acquiring flue design information of a coal-fired power plant, burning coal quality information, and preliminarily determining the flow field distribution condition before the inlet flue of the SCR denitration system through numerical simulation;
arranging a NOx monitoring grid in front of an SCR inlet flue, wherein the monitoring grid consists of a NOx concentration sensor and signal connecting lines, dividing the flue into a plurality of regions with transverse spacing x and longitudinal spacing y according to the size of the flue, and arranging the NOx sensor in the center of each region by adopting an equal spacing arrangement method, so that the distance between the transverse directions of the NOx sensors is also x, the distance between the longitudinal directions of the NOx sensors is also y, and meanwhile, the number of measuring points on each grid line is not less than 3;
according to the monitoring result of the NOx monitoring grid, calculating the proportion of the ammonia injection nozzles in the xy area of the area near the node as the center, wherein the proportion of the nozzles in each area is
Wherein C isiThe NOx concentration monitored for the measurement point,
monitoring the average value of the NOx concentration for the measuring point;
and (3) further adjusting and optimizing the distribution design of the nozzles in the cross section of the flue by combining the numerical simulation flow field analysis result, ensuring that the opening degree of each branch ammonia spraying valve is not lower than 70% in the normal load operation range, and obtaining a final non-uniformly arranged ammonia spraying grid, as shown in figure 2.
The embodiment reduces the action times of the ammonia injection regulating valve by adopting the design of the non-uniformly distributed ammonia injection grid, increases the average opening value of the valve and improves the condition of valve blockage. In addition, the arrangement mode of the non-uniform ammonia injection grid is adopted, the arrangement density of the ammonia injection grid is reduced, the flue resistance is reduced, and the purpose of reducing the overall energy consumption is achieved.
The method determines the distribution rule of the flue flow field through numerical simulation, deeply excavates the historical operation data of the unit by constructing a large data platform, and determines the optimal ammonia injection amount under different load working conditions; through numerical simulation and big data analysis results, an ammonia spraying system device which is non-uniformly arranged is constructed, ammonia spraying amount is saved, ammonia escape amount is reduced, and blockage of an air preheater caused by generation of ammonium bisulfate is avoided.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a non-uniform ammonia injection system of SCR denitrification facility which characterized by includes:
the ammonia injection grid is arranged in a non-uniform mode, is arranged at the inlet of a flue of the SCR denitration device and is used for carrying out non-uniform ammonia injection on the SCR denitration device;
the NOx monitoring grid is arranged behind the ammonia injection grid which is arranged non-uniformly and is used for monitoring the distribution condition of NOx in the flue gas;
the controller is connected with the non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection grating and is used for controlling the ammonia injection amount of the non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection device;
and the big data processing platform is connected with the plant-level monitoring information system, the NOx monitoring grid and the controller, is responsible for reading data in the plant-level monitoring information system and data monitored by the NOx monitoring grid in real time, and outputs electromagnetic valve action signals to the controller to adjust the ammonia injection amount of the non-uniformly-arranged ammonia injection device after analysis and processing.
2. The non-uniform ammonia injection system of the SCR denitration device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-uniform ammonia injection grid is composed of a plurality of branch pipes communicated with a main pipe, branch pipe valves are arranged at the positions where the branch pipes are connected with the main pipe, nozzles are arranged on the branch pipes of the branch pipes, a main pipe valve for controlling all the branch pipes is arranged on the main pipe, and the main pipe valve and the branch pipe valves are respectively electrically connected with a controller.
3. The non-uniform ammonia injection system of the SCR denitration device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said NOx monitoring grid is an equally spaced grid method for arranging NOx sensors according to the size of the flue, and the number of measuring points on each grid line is not less than three.
4. The non-uniform ammonia injection system of the SCR denitration device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ammonia injection amount of the mother pipe valve is determined by a large data platform, the ammonia injection amount of the branch pipe valve is determined by the NOx distribution unevenness determined by the flue gas monitoring grid, and the controller receives the instruction of the large data platform to control the opening degree of each valve.
5. The non-uniform ammonia injection system of the SCR denitration device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the big data processing platform is connected with the SIS system and used for reading operation history data and real-time data of units in the SIS system; cleaning historical data according to the denitration efficiency and ammonia escape to obtain operation parameters under normal working conditions; according to the cleaned data, obtaining time corresponding relations among all parameters through delay analysis, and obtaining a model of an ammonia injection amount curve required by SCR through training of a neural network algorithm and a machine learning algorithm of a large data platform; and reading real-time operation data of the unit during operation, and obtaining the real-time required ammonia injection amount according to the operation parameters before the SCR inlet.
6. The non-uniform ammonia injection system of the SCR denitration device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a flow guide device, wherein the flow guide device comprises a double-layer flow guide plate, a flow guide plate adjusting device and a flue gas detection device; the double-layer guide plate is arranged in the flue and is positioned behind the non-uniformly arranged ammonia injection grid; the guide plate adjusting device comprises a power device, a rotating mechanism and a positioning device, wherein the power device and the positioning device are arranged on the outer wall of the flue, the rotating mechanism is positioned in the flue, one end of the rotating mechanism penetrates through the outside of the flue and is connected with the positioning device, the double-layer guide plate is arranged on the rotating mechanism, and the power device is connected with the rotating mechanism and drives the rotating mechanism to work so as to adjust the angle of the guide plate of the double-layer guide plate; the flue gas monitoring device is positioned at an outlet of the SCR denitration device; the power device, the positioning device and the smoke detection device are all electrically connected with the controller, and the positioning device feeds back the angle information of the rotating mechanism to the controller.
7. A non-uniform ammonia spraying method of an SCR denitration device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
reading historical operating data of a power plant, and screening out NOx content and ammonia escape quantity at an outlet of a denitration efficiency SCR when a unit normally operates;
defining a target variable as an ammonia injection amount, and establishing an ammonia injection curve model;
and (4) carrying out ammonia injection curve model training to find out the optimal solution of the ammonia injection amount meeting the ultralow emission index under different working conditions.
8. The non-uniform ammonia injection method of the SCR denitration device as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the process of performing the ammonia injection curve model training, historical operating data of a power plant for one month is reserved as a test sample for standby, the rest data is imported into a big data processing platform, the delay relation existing among different parameters is found out through data analysis, and the ammonia injection curve model training is performed through a neural network algorithm and an optimization algorithm of the big data processing platform.
9. The non-uniform ammonia injection method for the SCR denitration device according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising the steps of:
and (5) carrying out stability test of the ammonia spraying curve model.
10. A design method for non-uniformly arranging an ammonia injection grid of an SCR denitration device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring flue design information of a coal-fired power plant, burning coal quality information, and preliminarily determining the flow field distribution condition before the inlet flue of the SCR denitration system through numerical simulation;
arranging a NOx monitoring grid in front of an SCR inlet flue, wherein the monitoring grid consists of a NOx concentration sensor and signal connecting lines, dividing the flue into a plurality of regions with transverse spacing x and longitudinal spacing y according to the size of the flue, arranging the NOx sensor in the center of each region by adopting an equal spacing arrangement method, and the number of measuring points on each grid line is not less than 3;
according to the monitoring result of the NOx monitoring grid, calculating the proportion of the ammonia injection nozzles in the xy area of the area near the node as the center, wherein the proportion of the nozzles in each area is
Wherein C isiThe NOx concentration monitored for the measurement point,
monitoring the average value of the NOx concentration for the measuring point;
and (3) further adjusting and optimizing the distribution design of the nozzles in the cross section of the flue by combining the numerical simulation flow field analysis result, and ensuring that the opening degree of each branch ammonia spraying valve is not lower than 70% in the normal load operation range, thereby obtaining the final non-uniformly arranged ammonia spraying grid.
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