Medical accelerator, dose monitoring system and dose monitoring method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical accelerators, in particular to a medical accelerator, a dose monitoring system and a dose monitoring method.
Background
According to the requirements of the national standard GB9706.5-2008, a dose monitoring system must be included in the medical electronic linear accelerator. The dose monitoring system used by the traditional medical accelerator consists of an ionization chamber detector and an auxiliary circuit thereof. The ionization chamber is positioned in the radiation system, is arranged between the homogenizing filter or the scattering foil and the secondary collimator of the photon line, and consists of a plurality of pole pieces, wherein two pairs of pole pieces are used for monitoring the homogenization degree of two mutually vertical directions in the radiation field, one pole piece is used for monitoring the energy change of radiation, and the other two pole pieces are used for detecting the absorption dose of the radiation. The dose monitoring system of the traditional medical accelerator mostly uses a flat ionization chamber, the size of the flat ionization chamber is required to cover the whole treatment radiation field, and the number of the flat ionization chambers is limited. The function of the dose monitoring system is to monitor the X-ray, the dose rate of the electron beam, the integrated dose and the symmetry and flatness of the field.
The medical accelerator of the invention directly utilizes the electron beam to treat the tumor, the whole process that the electron beam leaves the accelerating tube and reaches the tumor is transmitted in a thin tube (the inner diameter is less than 5mm) and can not directly pass through the ionization chamber, so the ionization chamber is not suitable for the equipment, and no related dose monitoring method is available at home and abroad at present to test the treatment dose of the electron beam in the small field on line.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a small field electron beam medical accelerator, and a dose monitoring system and a dose monitoring method for the small field electron beam medical accelerator capable of monitoring the small field electron beam on-line during a treatment process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a medical accelerator, which comprises an electron gun control power supply, an electron gun, an accelerating tube, a magnetron, a modulator, a beam pipeline, a beam scraper, a corrugated tube and a beam needle, wherein the electron gun control power supply is connected with the beam scraper; the electron gun control power supply is used for controlling the electron gun injection voltage; the electron gun is used for outputting electron beams, and the accelerating tube is used for accelerating the electron beams output by the electron gun and then outputting the electron beams through a beam needle; the modulator is used for controlling the magnetron; the magnetron is connected with the accelerating tube through a waveguide chain; the rear end of the beam pipeline is fixedly connected to the center of the front end of the accelerating tube; the beam flow pipeline, the beam scraper, the corrugated pipe and the beam flow needle are sequentially detachably connected, share a central shaft and are communicated with a straight line channel, so that an electron beam is transmitted in the straight line channel; the inner aperture of the beam scraper is smaller than that of the beam pipeline.
Preferably, the beam scraper is a cylinder with a central hole.
Preferably, the material of the beam scraper is lead.
Preferably, the interior of the cylinder contains an inner circular ring.
Preferably, the material of the inner circular ring is solid water or graphite.
Preferably, the bellows comprises a resilient passage tube, two flanges and at least three sets of bolts.
Preferably, the shape of the elastic passage tube can be adjusted by adjusting the position of a nut in the bolt.
Preferably, the outlet end of the beam current needle is a sealed end.
The invention also provides a dose monitoring system, which comprises a resistor, a voltmeter, a lead and a data processing system, wherein the beam scraper, the resistor and the ground are sequentially connected through the lead, and the voltmeter is used for testing the voltage values at two ends of the resistor; and the data processing system processes the voltage value so as to obtain the dose of the electron beam.
Preferably, the resistance value of the resistor is 50 Ω -2000 Ω.
The invention also provides a dose monitoring method for measuring the medical accelerator in any technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the first electron beam directionally moves between the beam scraper and the conducting wire to generate current;
s2: the voltmeter tests the voltage value U at both ends of the resistor;
s3: and the data processing system further processes the voltage value U data to obtain the dose H of the second electron beam passing through the outlet end of the beam current needle.
Preferably, the dose rate H of the second electron beam in step S3 has a linear numerical relationship with the voltage value U: h ═ KU.
Preferably, the K value is determined as follows:
p1: the first electron beam directionally moves between the beam scraper and the conducting wire to generate current; a second electron beam passes through the beam needle;
p2: the voltmeter tests the voltage value U of the two ends of the resistor1(ii) a Testing the dosage H at the outlet end of the beam current needle by a standard dosimeter1;
P3: repeating the steps P1-P2 to obtain a series of voltage values U (U)2,U3,U4,Ui-and the dose rate H (H) of said second electron beam2,H3,H4,Hi,┉);
P4: the voltage value U (U)
1,U
2,U
3,U
4,U
i-and the dose rate H (H) of said second electron beam
1,H
2,H
3,H
4,H
i- -) averaging to obtain an average voltage value
And the average dose rate of the second electron beam
To obtain a linear numerical relationship:
and obtaining the value of K.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the first electron beam moves directionally between the beam scraper and the lead to generate current, the voltage at two ends of the resistor is synchronously tested, and the dose rate of the second electron beam is obtained through testing the voltage value, so that the method is novel;
2. the voltage synchronous test is carried out on the resistor, and the dose value of the second electron beam is obtained through the processing of the data processing system, so that the treatment process is not influenced, the dose can be monitored on line, and the convenience and the accuracy of treatment are improved;
3. the continuous and repeated monitoring of the treatment process can be realized only by determining the K value once before treatment, and the operation is convenient.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to the figures in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and which are not to scale unless otherwise specified.
Fig. 1 is a basic structural block diagram of a medical accelerator according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an accelerator tube, a beam needle and a dose monitoring system of a medical accelerator;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a beam scraper in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a beam scraper in another embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a bellows according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of steps in a dose monitoring method using the dose monitoring system of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the placement of the dose detection system in determining the value of K in one embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the steps for determining the value of K;
reference numerals: 1-medical accelerator, 2-electron gun control power supply, 3-electron gun, 4-accelerating tube, 5-magnetron, 6-modulator, 7-beam pipeline, 8-beam scraper, 801-center hole, 9-corrugated tube, 10-beam needle, 11-elastic channel tube, 12-flange, 13-bolt, 14-resistor, 15-voltmeter, 16-data processing system and 17-standard dosimeter.
Detailed Description
For further understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. The term "front end" or "exit end" refers to the end of the device or apparatus of the present application that is near the tip of the beam when the device or apparatus is facing the reader; "rear end" or "inlet end" refers to the end of the device or apparatus of the present application that is distal from the tip of the beam when the device or apparatus is facing the reader.
The invention provides a medical accelerator 1, please refer to fig. 1-2, which comprises an electron gun control power supply 2, an electron gun 3, an accelerating tube 4, a magnetron 5, a modulator 6, a beam pipeline 7, a beam scraper 8, a corrugated pipe 9 and a beam needle 10; the electron gun control power supply 2 is used for controlling the injection voltage of the electron gun 3; the electron gun 3 is used for outputting electron beams, and the accelerating tube 4 is used for accelerating the electron beams output by the electron gun 3 and then outputting the electron beams through the beam needle 10; the modulator 6 is used for controlling the magnetron 5; the magnetron 5 is connected with the accelerating tube 4 through a waveguide chain; the rear end of the beam pipeline 7 is fixedly connected to the center of the front end of the accelerating tube 4; the beam flow pipeline 7, the beam scraper 8, the corrugated pipe 9 and the beam flow needle 10 are sequentially connected, the four are concentric and communicated with a straight line channel, so that electron beams are transmitted in the straight line channel; the inner aperture of the beam scraper 8 is smaller than that of the beam pipeline 7.
The treatment process of the invention is as follows: the beam needle 10 is introduced into a tumor focus part in a human body through a trocar (not shown) preset on the human body, the electron gun 3 generates electron beams, the electron beams are accelerated through the accelerating tube 4 and are finally output through the beam needle 10, and the electron beams strike the tumor focus part to ablate tumors.
The treatment process of the invention may also be as follows: the tumor focus part is exposed through modes such as operation, the beam needle 10 is introduced into the tumor focus part in a human body, the electron gun 3 generates electron beams, the electron beams are accelerated through the accelerating tube 4 and are finally output through the beam needle 10, and the electron beams strike the tumor focus part to melt the tumor.
The waveguide chain of the embodiment is a flexible waveguide, the flexible waveguide has good flexibility, can bear bending, stretching and compression to a certain degree, and ensures the transmission of electron beams under the condition that the accelerating tube 4 and the magnetron 5 are separately arranged.
In order to enable the electron beams to be smoothly transmitted from the beam current needle 10, a focusing coil is arranged on the periphery of the connection structure of the accelerating tube 4 and the beam current needle 10, so that the moving path of the electron beams can be effectively guided, and the electron beams are guaranteed to be gathered on the axis of the beam current needle 10.
Further, referring to fig. 3-4, the beam scraper 8 is a cylinder with a central hole 801.
Further, the material of the beam scraping device 8 is lead.
Further, referring to fig. 4, the cylinder includes an inner ring therein.
Further, the inner ring is made of solid water or graphite.
Further, referring to fig. 5, the corrugated tube 9 includes an elastic passage tube 11, two flanges 12 and at least three sets of bolts 13.
Further, the shape of the elastic passage tube 11 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the nut in the bolt 13. For example, by shortening the distance between the nut and the bolt head in a certain position, a displacement of the resilient passage tube 11 towards this position can be achieved.
Further, the outlet end of the beam current needle 10 is a sealed end.
By adopting the technical scheme, the internal environment of the whole accelerator is kept in a vacuum environment, and the electrons realize vacuum low-loss transmission.
In this embodiment, the sealing end is a nonmagnetic metal sheet, preferably a titanium sheet or a beryllium sheet. The thickness of the sealed end is below 200 μm. Long-term experiments and research summarization show that the sealing end is too thick, electrons cannot pass through the sealing end, when a titanium sheet or a beryllium sheet is used as the sealing material, the passing condition of the electrons is better, the attenuation degree of the electrons is lower, and at the moment, the effective passing rate of the electrons and the sealing of the space in the tube can be ensured.
The invention also provides a dose monitoring system, please refer to fig. 2, which comprises a resistor 14, a voltmeter 15, a lead and a data processing system 16, wherein the beam scraper 8, the resistor 14 and the ground are sequentially connected through the lead, and the voltmeter 15 is used for testing the voltage values at the two ends of the resistor 14; the data processing system 16 processes the voltage values to obtain the dose of the electron beam.
Preferably, the resistance value of the resistor 14 is 50 Ω -2000 Ω.
Specifically, the lead is directly connected to the bundle scraping device, for example, one end of the lead is wound on any position of the bundle scraping device, or the lead is welded on any position of the bundle scraping device. It is understood that the present embodiment is not limited to the above connection manner, as long as the current on the beam scraper can be transmitted to the conducting wire.
According to the invention, the first electron beam directionally moves between the beam scraper 8 and the lead to generate current, the voltages at two ends of the resistor 14 are synchronously tested, the dose rate of the second electron beam is obtained by testing the voltage value, the treatment process is not influenced, and the on-line monitoring of the dose of the second electron beam can be realized.
The invention also provides a dose monitoring method for measuring the medical accelerator 1 in any technical scheme, please refer to fig. 6, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the first electron beam directionally moves between the beam scraper 8 and the conducting wire to generate current;
s2: the voltmeter 15 tests the voltage value U at the two ends of the resistor 14;
s3: the data processing system 16 further processes the voltage value U data to obtain the dose H of the second electron beam passing through the outlet end of the beam needle 10.
Further, in step S3, the dose rate H of the second electron beam has a linear numerical relationship with the voltage value U: h ═ KU.
The dose monitoring method is used to indirectly obtain the dose of the second electron beam for treatment by monitoring the first electron beam during the treatment.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the placement of the dose detection system in determining the value of K in one embodiment.
Further, referring to fig. 8, the determining step of the K value is as follows:
p1: the first electron beam directionally moves between the beam scraper 8 and the conducting wire to generate current; a second electron beam passes through the beam needle 10;
p2: the voltmeter 15 tests the voltage value U of the two ends of the resistor 141(ii) a The standard dosimeter 17 tests the dosage H at the outlet end of the beam needle 101;
P3: repeating the steps P1-P2 to obtain a series of voltage values U (U)2,U3,U4,Ui-and the dose rate H (H) of said second electron beam2,H3,H4,Hi,┉);
P4: the voltage value U (U)
1,U
2,U
3,U
4,U
i-and the dose rate H (H) of said second electron beam
1,H
2,H
3,H
4,H
i- -) averaging to obtain an average voltage value
And the average dose rate of the second electron beam
A linear numerical relationship is obtained:
the value of K is obtained.
The determination of the value K corresponds to establishing a mathematical relationship between the voltage value U and the dose rate H of the second electron beam, which needs to be performed before the treatment.
Specifically, the standard dosimeter 17 of the present embodiment is preferably a UNIDOS E dosimeter manufactured by PTW, Germany. The UNIDOS E dosimeter can test signals at the outlet of the beam needle 10 and directly obtain the dose of the second electron beam.
The principle of the standard dosimeter 17 for measuring absorbed dose: the ionization charge generated by ionizing radiation is first measured and then calculated and converted into the energy deposited by ionizing radiation, i.e. the absorbed dose, using the average ionization energy of air.
In order to reduce the error of the dosage test result, the distance between the standard dosimeter 17 and the outlet end of the beam needle 10 is equal and is kept constant.
According to the invention, part of the electron beams directionally move between the beam scraper 8 and the lead to generate current, the voltages at two ends of the resistor 14 are synchronously tested, the dose rate of the electron beams is obtained by testing the voltage value, the treatment process is not influenced, the dose of the electron beams can be monitored on line, and the convenience and the accuracy of treatment are improved.
Example 1
Before treatment, the procedure was carried out according to the above-mentioned steps P1-P4, the resistance of the resistor was 50. omega. and the test data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results for U and H before treatment
The test results of U and H are processed to obtain K1.597.
Example 2
During treatment, dose monitoring was performed according to steps S1-S3, and the voltage Utest value and calculated dose rate H for the second electron beam are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 test results of U and H during treatment
In this embodiment, the dose rate of the second electron beam (for treatment) is calculated by monitoring the voltage of the first electron beam, and the dose rate is monitored without affecting the treatment.
According to the invention, the first electron beam moves directionally between the beam scraper and the lead to generate current, the voltages at two ends of the resistor are synchronously tested, the dose rate of the electron beam is obtained by testing the voltage value, the treatment process is not influenced, the dose of the second electron beam can be monitored on line, and the convenience and the accuracy of treatment are improved.
The embodiments shall be considered as exemplary and not restrictive for the person skilled in the art, and any combination of the features of the above-described embodiments may be made, and for the sake of brevity of description, all possible combinations of the features of the above-described embodiments are not described, however, as long as there is no contradiction between these combinations of features, the scope of the present description shall be considered as being described in the present specification, and therefore all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims are intended to be embraced by the present invention.