CN111063994B - Super-surface subarray-based base station antenna and electric tuning method thereof - Google Patents

Super-surface subarray-based base station antenna and electric tuning method thereof Download PDF

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CN111063994B
CN111063994B CN201911238938.6A CN201911238938A CN111063994B CN 111063994 B CN111063994 B CN 111063994B CN 201911238938 A CN201911238938 A CN 201911238938A CN 111063994 B CN111063994 B CN 111063994B
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dual
polarized antenna
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base station
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CN111063994A (en
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李龙
高晓贺
韩家奇
李志龙
刘海霞
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Xidian University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart

Abstract

The invention provides a super-surface subarray-based base station antenna and an electric tuning method thereof, wherein the base station antenna comprises N identical dual-polarized antenna units, N is more than or equal to 2, (N is a positive integer multiplied by an even number), a metal floor and a dielectric substrate, each dual-polarized antenna unit comprises a dual-polarized antenna branch and a reflection super surface, and each dual-polarized antenna branch consists of four identical L-shaped metal patches, two identical T-shaped dielectric substrates and two identical feed baluns; the reflection super surface consists of two identical rectangular metal patches and two identical variable capacitance diodes, the rectangular metal patches are respectively printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and two ends of each variable capacitance diode are respectively connected with the rectangular metal patches; according to the invention, phase compensation is carried out on the antenna units in the sub-array by adjusting the value of the variable capacitance diode on the reflection super surface, so that uneven side lobes generated in the deflection process can be inhibited, the main polarization gain is further kept stable, and the beam pointing is accurate.

Description

Super-surface subarray-based base station antenna and electric tuning method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and further relates to a super-surface subarray-based base station antenna and an electric tuning method thereof in the field of mobile communication network systems, which can be applied to the design of a base station communication network in a 5G wireless communication system.
Background
In the design of a mobile communication network system, the selection of a base station antenna should be based on the actual conditions of the network such as the coverage requirement, the anti-interference requirement and the network service quality, and the parameters such as the downtilt angle and the direction angle need to be considered in an important way. With the advent of the 5G communication technology era, the mobile communication network system has increasingly demanded the downtilt angle of the base station antenna, and the network service quality. The traditional base station antenna downtilt is mostly mechanical downtilt and phase shifter electrically-controlled downtilt, and the device adopting the mode of phase shifter electrically-controlled downtilt is relatively complex, so that the cost and power consumption of the base station antenna are increased; therefore, in the process of realizing relatively large beam deflection by electric tuning, the base station antenna keeps the main polarization gain, suppresses the grating lobe and realizes a relatively large base station antenna downward inclination angle and an effective coverage range, but the defects are that the performance of the base station antenna is influenced by inaccurate beam pointing and the effective coverage range of the base station antenna is limited.
For example, in a patent "adjustment method of a dislocation array electric tuning base station antenna and a synthetic beam side lobe balance thereof" (application number: 201110021926.5, publication number: 102610919a) applied by Dongguan antennas technology Limited company, a dislocation array electric tuning base station antenna is provided, and the antenna comprises a reflecting plate, a plurality of element columns, phase shifting units, an adjustment mechanism and a calibration network, wherein the phase shifting units, the phase shifting mechanisms and the element columns are equal in number; one part of the vibrator rows is arranged in a staggered position relative to the other part, and each vibrator row is provided with a plurality of vibrators; the phase shifting units are respectively provided with a plurality of phase shifters which are respectively connected with the vibrators of the corresponding vibrator row and used for adjusting the downward inclination angles of the vibrator row; the dislocation array electrically-regulated base station antenna compensates the phase of each oscillator of the corresponding oscillator array equally by adjusting the phase shifter of the phase of each oscillator array of the corresponding oscillator array equally, so as to avoid uneven sidelobes of synthesized beams. The antenna has the following disadvantages: firstly, the device needs a plurality of phase shifters to form a phase shifting network, and the structure is complex; secondly, although the antenna realizes the suppression of the side lobe in the beam deflection process, the side lobe after the suppression of the base station antenna is not uniformly distributed, and certain influence is caused on the beam direction, so that the main polarization gain is obviously reduced.
For example, in a "communication base station antenna for improving sidelobe suppression" (application No. 201710659463.2, publication No. 107645066a) applied by the company of cloud communication technologies, ltd, of eastern guan, there is proposed a communication base station antenna for improving sidelobe suppression, which includes a reflection plate, an element array disposed on the reflection plate, and a phase shifter connected to the element array; the communication base station antenna for improving the side lobe suppression outputs signals through the oscillator array units arranged in a 3X2 array form, and configures the output power of corresponding oscillators through the first power divider and the second power divider, thereby improving the side lobe suppression effect. The antenna structure has the following disadvantages: firstly, although the side lobe is restrained by the base station antenna, the base station antenna cannot be electrically adjusted; secondly, the distribution of the side lobes after the base station antenna suppression is not uniform, which affects the further improvement of the main polarization gain.
In summary, the existing research faces two problems in the process of realizing the electrical tilt downtilt of the base station antenna, one of which is that a large side lobe is generated in the beam deflection process to influence the accurate pointing of the beam; the second is the gain drop of the main polarization during the beam deflection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a base station antenna based on a super-surface subarray and an electric tuning method thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art, and by utilizing the idea of the subarray, the purposes of restraining side lobes in the fixed beam deflection process, keeping the main polarization gain, well correcting beam pointing and realizing relatively large-angle beam deflection are achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a base station antenna based on a super-surface sub-array comprises N identical dual-polarized antenna units, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, (N is a positive integer multiplied by an even number), a metal floor and a dielectric substrate, the dual-polarized antenna units comprise dual-polarized antenna branches and a reflection super-surface, and the dual-polarized antenna branches comprise four identical L-shaped metal patches, two identical T-shaped dielectric substrates and two identical feed baluns; the dielectric substrate is positioned on the upper surface of the metal floor;
the reflection super surface consists of two identical rectangular metal patches and two identical variable capacitance diodes, wherein the two identical rectangular metal patches are respectively printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and are respectively butted to form a square hole; the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a cross-shaped groove along the Z-axis direction, and the branches of the dual-polarized antenna penetrate through the cross-shaped groove through square holes; two ends of the variable capacitance diode are respectively connected with the rectangular metal patches, and the dual-polarized antenna units are overlapped with the Z-axis center of the dielectric substrate.
In the above claims, the distance between two identical dual-polarized antenna elements is D, where D is 65 mm.
In the above claims, the cross-shaped slots are formed crosswise and at an angle of ± 45 ° to the positive direction of the X-axis.
An electrical tuning method using the super-surface sub-array based base station antenna of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) setting the number of antenna units of a base station antenna as N, wherein N is 6, the phase of an initial antenna unit is 0 DEG, and the distance between adjacent antenna units is d;
2) 6 same dual-polarized antenna units (1) are numbered 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 and are divided into three groups of sub-arrays of 1 and 2,3 and 4,5 and 6;
3) according to a given fixed deflection angle, the phase difference between each group of subarrays required to be generated by the phase shifter is calculated according to the following formula
Figure BDA0002305648980000031
The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002305648980000032
wherein k is0Is the wave number in free space, Δ l is the propagation path difference of electromagnetic wave, rfIs the distance delta d from the phase center of the dual-polarized antenna unit (1) to the phase center of the rectangular metal patch (1.2.1)iThe calculation formula of the transmission path difference of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the rectangular metal patch (1.2.1) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002305648980000033
Δdiis determined by the position of the varactor (1.2.2), which is calculated as:
Figure BDA0002305648980000034
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002305648980000035
and
Figure BDA0002305648980000036
is the coordinate, x, of the phase center of the dual-polarized antenna unit (1)i、yiAnd ziIs the distance of the phase center of the ith rectangular metal patch (1.2.1) from the origin of coordinates in the x, y and z directions, respectively, theta0In order to be the beam deflection angle,
Figure BDA0002305648980000037
is the azimuth angle.
4) Using three identical phase shifters gives 0,
Figure BDA0002305648980000038
Respectively feeding three groups of sub-arrays, and then loading a voltage value V on a variable capacitance diode (1.2.2) on a reflection super surface (1.2) in each group of sub-arrays1And V2To generate the dual-polarized antenna units (1) in the sub-array
Figure BDA0002305648980000039
The phase difference of (a);
5) the relative phase of each dual-polarized antenna unit (1) is respectively
Figure BDA00023056489800000310
Namely, two adjacent dual-polarized antenna units (1) are generated
Figure BDA00023056489800000311
The equal phase gradient surface is formed by the phase difference, and the effect of linear array fixed beam deflection is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the reflection super surface adopted by the invention consists of two identical rectangular metal patches and two identical variable capacitance diodes, wherein the two identical rectangular metal patches are respectively printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and are respectively butted to form a square hole; two ends of the variable capacitance diode are respectively connected with the rectangular metal patch and the reflection super-surface unit; therefore, the phase compensation of the subarray base station antenna can be realized, the technical problem of uneven distribution of the side lobes after the base station antenna is restrained in the prior art is solved, uneven side lobes in the deflection process can be restrained, the stability of the main polarization gain is further kept, and the beam pointing is accurate.
2. The reflection super surface adopted by the invention consists of two identical rectangular metal patches and two identical variable capacitance diodes, wherein two ends of each variable capacitance diode are respectively connected with the rectangular metal patches, and the reflection super surface can be used for deflecting linear array arrays at different fixed angles within the adjustable range of the variable capacitance diodes so as to realize relatively large-angle beam deflection.
3. The reflection super surface adopted by the invention consists of two identical rectangular metal patches and two identical variable capacitance diodes, the two identical rectangular metal patches are respectively printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, two ends of each variable capacitance diode are respectively connected with the rectangular metal patches, and the specific phase compensation of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna is realized by changing the state of the variable capacitance diodes loaded on the reflection super surface unit, so that the beam deflection is controlled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual polarized antenna unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a reflective super-surface structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an electrical tuning method for implementing a super-surface sub-array base station antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the simulation results of S11 with a 0 degree beam deflection of the base station antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of simulation results of S11 with a 10 degree beam deflection of the base station antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of simulation results of S11 with a 15 degree beam deflection of the base station antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the results of a gain simulation of a base station antenna beam deflection of 0 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the results of a gain simulation of a 10 degree deflection of the antenna beam of the base station of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a graph showing the simulation results of the gain of the base station antenna beam deflection of 15 deg. according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments and effects of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
With reference to fig. 1,2 and 3
A base station antenna based on a super-surface sub-array comprises N identical dual-polarized antenna units 1, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, (N is a positive integer multiplied by an even number), a metal floor 2 and a dielectric substrate 3, the dual-polarized antenna units 1 comprise dual-polarized antenna branches 1.1 and a reflection super-surface 1.2, and the dual-polarized antenna branches 1.1 are composed of four identical L-shaped metal patches 1.1.1, two identical T-shaped dielectric substrates 1.1.2 and two identical feed baluns 1.1.3; the dielectric substrate 3 is positioned on the upper surface of the metal floor 2;
the reflection super surface 1.2 consists of two identical rectangular metal patches 1.2.1 and two identical variable capacitance diodes 1.2.2, wherein the two identical rectangular metal patches 1.2.1 are respectively printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 3 and are respectively butted to form a square hole 1.2.4; the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 3 is provided with a cross-shaped groove 1.2.3 along the Z-axis direction, and the dual-polarized antenna branch 1.1 penetrates through the cross-shaped groove 1.2.3 through a square hole 1.2.4; two ends of the variable capacitance diode 1.2.2 are respectively connected with the rectangular metal patch 1.2.1, and the dual-polarized antenna unit 1 and the Z axis center of the dielectric substrate 3 are mutually overlapped.
According to the invention, the reflection super-surface 1.2 influences the phase distribution on two identical rectangular metal patches 1.2.1 by adjusting the value of the variable capacitance diode 1.2.2 through the principle of capacitive coupling, and simultaneously changes the phase distribution of main polarization in a far field in the beam deflection process, thereby inhibiting side lobes, maintaining main polarization gain and enabling beam deflection to be accurate.
According to the linear array beam deflection theory, the phase difference between each group of subarrays required to be generated by the phase shifter is calculated according to the following formula
Figure BDA0002305648980000051
The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002305648980000052
wherein k is0Is the wave number in free space, Δ l is the propagation path difference of electromagnetic wave, rfIs the distance delta d from the phase center of the dual-polarized antenna unit 1 to the phase center of the rectangular metal patch 1.2.1iThe calculation formula of the rectangular metal patch 1.2.1 for the propagation path difference of the reflected electromagnetic wave is as follows:
Figure BDA0002305648980000053
Δdithe value of (d) is determined by the position of the varactor 1.2.2, which is calculated by the formula:
Figure BDA0002305648980000054
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002305648980000055
and
Figure BDA0002305648980000056
in phase of dual-polarized antenna unit 1Coordinates of the heart, xi、yiAnd ziIs the distance of the phase center of the ith rectangular metal patch 1.2.1 from the origin of coordinates in the x, y and z directions, respectively, theta0In order to be the beam deflection angle,
Figure BDA0002305648980000057
is the azimuth angle.
And calculating according to the formula to obtain phase values corresponding to the two same rectangular metal patches 1.2.1 in the reflection super surface 1.2, and changing the direct-current bias voltage of the loaded variable capacitance diode to obtain different capacitance values. Through looking for the data technical manual of model SMV1405-040LF varactor, can obtain the numerical value that its capacitance value c changes along with direct current bias voltage, when direct current bias voltage is 0V respectively, 0.5V, 1V, 1.5V, 2V, 2.5V, 3V, 4V, 5V, 10V, 20V, when 30V, the capacitance value that varactor correspondence is 2.63pF, 2.12pF, 1.84pF, 1.70pF, 1.55pF, 1.44pF, 1.34pF, 1.25pF, 1.17pF, 0.95pF, 0.77pF, 0.63pF, can deflect for different fixed deflection angles, provide the phase difference between two dual polarized antenna element in the subarray.
The distance between the two identical dual-polarized antenna units 1 is D, wherein D is 65 mm.
When the distance between two same dual-polarized antenna units 1 is 0.56 wavelengths, the antenna gain effect is optimal.
The cross-shaped groove 1.2.3 is crosswise arranged and forms a positive angle of +/-45 degrees with the positive direction of the X axis.
Refer to FIG. 4
An electrical tuning method using the super-surface sub-array based base station antenna of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) setting the number of antenna units of a base station antenna as N, wherein N is 6, the phase of an initial antenna unit is 0 DEG, and the distance between adjacent antenna units is d;
2) 6 same dual-polarized antenna units 1 are numbered 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 and are divided into three groups of subarrays of 1 and 2,3 and 4,5 and 6;
3) based on the given fixed deflection angle, the following formula is calculatedThe phase difference between each group of subarrays required to be generated by the phase shifter
Figure BDA0002305648980000061
The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002305648980000062
wherein k is0Is the wave number in free space, Δ l is the propagation path difference of electromagnetic wave, rfIs the distance delta d from the phase center of the dual-polarized antenna unit 1 to the phase center of the rectangular metal patch 1.2.1iThe calculation formula of the rectangular metal patch 1.2.1 for the propagation path difference of the reflected electromagnetic wave is as follows:
Figure BDA0002305648980000063
Δdiis determined by the position of the varactor (1.2.2), which is calculated as:
Figure BDA0002305648980000064
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002305648980000065
and
Figure BDA0002305648980000066
is the coordinate, x, of the phase center of the dual-polarized antenna unit (1)i、yiAnd ziIs the distance of the phase center of the ith rectangular metal patch 1.2.1 from the origin of coordinates in the x, y and z directions, respectively, theta0In order to be the beam deflection angle,
Figure BDA0002305648980000067
is the azimuth angle.
4) Using three identical phase shifters each gives
Figure BDA0002305648980000068
Respectively feeding three groups of sub-arrays, and then loading a voltage value V on the variable capacitance diode 1.2.2 on the reflection super surface 1.2 in each group of sub-arrays1And V2To generate dual-polarized antenna units 1 in the sub-array
Figure BDA0002305648980000071
The phase difference of (a);
5) the relative phase of each dual-polarized antenna unit 1 is respectively
Figure BDA0002305648980000072
Namely, two adjacent dual-polarized antenna units 1 are generated
Figure BDA0002305648980000073
The equal phase gradient surface is formed by the phase difference, and the effect of linear array fixed beam deflection is realized.
Reference is made to fig. 5,6, 7, 8, 9 and 10
Example 1
For a base station antenna of a dual-polarized sub-array with N-6, the elements are numbered 1,2,3,4,5,6, the distance between adjacent antenna elements is d, and in the case of a fixed deflection of 10 °, the phase of the first antenna element is assumed to be 0 °.
6 dual-polarized antenna units are divided into three groups of sub-arrays of 1 and 2,3 and 4,5 and 6,
according to the formula of generating phase difference
Figure BDA0002305648980000074
The phase difference value needed to be generated by the adjacent antenna elements is calculated to be-70 degrees, and three groups of subarray antennas are fed by using three phase shifters to generate specific relative phases of 0 degrees, -70 degrees and-140 degrees respectively. Through adjusting direct current bias voltage on the varactor, be 0.7pF when the capacitance value, 0.7pF, 1.63pF, 1.63pF, 0.7pF, 0.7pF, 1.63pF, 1.63pF, 0.7pF, 0.7pF, 1.63pF, during 1.63pF, can produce 35 fixed phase difference between the dual polarized antenna element in every group subarray, to numbering 1 in three groups subarrays, 3, 5 dual polarized antenna listThe element performs phase compensation.
In the embodiment, the relative phase of each dual-polarized antenna unit is respectively 35 degrees, 0 degrees, 35 degrees, 70 degrees, 105 degrees and 140 degrees, namely, a 35-degree phase difference is generated between two adjacent units to form an equal phase gradient surface, so that the deflection angle of the linear array fixed beam is 10 degrees, the side lobe is inhibited, the main polarization gain is maintained, and the beam is deflected accurately.
Example 2
For a base station antenna of a 6-N dual-polarized sub-array, the elements are numbered 1,2,3,4,5,6, the spacing between adjacent antenna elements is d, and in the case of a fixed 15 ° deflection, the phase of the first antenna element is assumed to be 0 °.
6 dual-polarized antenna units are divided into three groups of sub-arrays of 1 and 2,3 and 4,5 and 6,
according to the formula of generating phase difference
Figure BDA0002305648980000075
Calculate the phase difference value that adjacent antenna element needs to produce and be-104, produce 0 with three phase shifters respectively, -104, -208 specific relative phase feeds three group subarray antennas, through adjusting the direct current bias voltage on the varactor, when the capacitance value is 0.65pF, 0.65pF, 1.63pF, 1.63pF, 0.65pF, 0.65pF, 1.63pF, 1.63pF, 0.65pF, 0.65pF, 1.63pF, 1.63pF, 1.63pF, when 1.63pF, can produce 52 fixed phase difference between the dual polarized antenna element in every group subarray, number 1 to three group subarray, 3, 5 dual polarized antenna element carries out phase compensation.
In the embodiment, the relative phase of each dual-polarized antenna unit is respectively 52 degrees, 0 degrees, -52 degrees, -104 degrees, -156 degrees and-208 degrees, namely 52-degree phase difference is generated between two adjacent units to form an equal phase gradient surface, so that the deflection angle of the linear array fixed beam is 15 degrees, the side lobe is inhibited, the main polarization gain is maintained, and the beam is deflected accurately.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A base station antenna based on a super-surface sub-array comprises N identical dual-polarized antenna units (1) which are sequentially numbered as 1,2,3,4, …, N-1 and N, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, N is a positive integer multiplied by an even number, all the antenna units are divided into 1 and 2,3 and 4, …, N-1 and N, and N/2 groups of sub-arrays are counted; the phases are respectively given by N/2 identical phase shifters
Figure FDA0003118660870000011
The N/2 groups of subarrays are fed, the metal floor (2) and the dielectric substrate (3) are arranged, the dual-polarized antenna unit (1) comprises dual-polarized antenna branches (1.1) and a reflection super surface (1.2), and the dual-polarized antenna branches (1.1) are composed of four same L-shaped metal patches (1.1.1), two same T-shaped dielectric substrates (1.1.2) and two same feeding baluns (1.1.3); the medium substrate (3) is positioned on the upper surface of the metal floor (2), and is characterized in that:
the reflection super surface (1.2) consists of two identical rectangular metal patches (1.2.1) and two identical variable capacitance diodes (1.2.2), the two identical rectangular metal patches (1.2.1) are respectively printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (3) and are respectively butted to form a square hole (1.2.4); the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (3) is provided with a cross-shaped groove (1.2.3) along the Z-axis direction, and the dual-polarized antenna branch (1.1) penetrates through the cross-shaped groove (1.2.3) through a square hole (1.2.4); two ends of the variable capacitance diode (1.2.2) are respectively connected with the rectangular metal patch (1.2.1), and the centers of the Z axes of the dual-polarized antenna unit (1) and the dielectric substrate (3) are coincided with each other.
2. The super-surface sub-array based base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the two same dual-polarized antenna units (1) is D, wherein D is 65 mm.
3. The super-surface sub-array based base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the cross-shaped groove (1.2.3) is arranged in a cross way and forms a positive angle of +/-45 degrees with the positive direction of the X axis.
4. An electric tuning method using the super-surface sub-array-based base station antenna of claim 1, comprising the following steps:
1) setting the number of antenna units of a base station antenna as N, wherein N is 6, the phase of an initial antenna unit is 0 DEG, and the distance between adjacent antenna units is d;
2) 6 same dual-polarized antenna units (1) are numbered 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 and are divided into three groups of sub-arrays of 1 and 2,3 and 4,5 and 6;
3) according to a given fixed deflection angle, the phase difference between each group of subarrays required to be generated by the phase shifter is calculated according to the following formula
Figure FDA0003118660870000021
The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003118660870000022
wherein k is0Is the wave number in free space, Δ l is the propagation path difference of electromagnetic wave, rfIs the distance delta d from the phase center of the dual-polarized antenna unit (1) to the phase center of the rectangular metal patch (1.2.1)iThe calculation formula of the transmission path difference of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the rectangular metal patch (1.2.1) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003118660870000023
Δdiis determined by the position of the varactor (1.2.2), which is calculated as:
Figure FDA0003118660870000024
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003118660870000025
and
Figure FDA0003118660870000026
is the coordinate, x, of the phase center of the dual-polarized antenna unit (1)i、yiAnd ziIs the distance of the phase center of the ith rectangular metal patch (1.2.1) from the origin of coordinates in the x, y and z directions, respectively, theta0In order to be the beam deflection angle,
Figure FDA0003118660870000027
is the azimuth;
4) using three identical phase shifters gives 0,
Figure FDA0003118660870000028
Respectively feeding the three groups of sub-arrays, and then loading a voltage value V on a variable capacitance diode (1.2.2) on a reflection super surface (1.2) in each group of sub-arrays1And V2To generate the dual-polarized antenna units (1) in the sub-array
Figure FDA0003118660870000029
The phase difference of (a);
5) the relative phase of each dual-polarized antenna unit (1) is respectively
Figure FDA00031186608700000210
0、
Figure FDA00031186608700000211
Namely, two adjacent dual-polarized antenna units (1) are generated
Figure FDA00031186608700000212
To form an equal phase gradient surface to realize linear arrayThe effect of beam deflection is fixed.
CN201911238938.6A 2019-12-06 2019-12-06 Super-surface subarray-based base station antenna and electric tuning method thereof Active CN111063994B (en)

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