CN111060855A - High-sensitivity magnetic field measurement method based on width and width of electronic gyromagnetic resonance line - Google Patents
High-sensitivity magnetic field measurement method based on width and width of electronic gyromagnetic resonance line Download PDFInfo
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- CN111060855A CN111060855A CN201811208589.9A CN201811208589A CN111060855A CN 111060855 A CN111060855 A CN 111060855A CN 201811208589 A CN201811208589 A CN 201811208589A CN 111060855 A CN111060855 A CN 111060855A
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/24—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance for measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-sensitivity magnetic field measurement method based on wide voltage and narrow voltage of an electronic gyromagnetic resonance line, which comprises the following steps: driving light frequency setting; step two: measuring the line width of the electronic autorotation magnetic resonance; step three: optimizing the driving light power; step four: and (4) optimizing the electron spin density. The invention has the beneficial effects that: and a high-power driving light polarization electron spin ground state low hyperfine energy level is adopted. The magnetic resonance line width is reduced by improving the atomic polarizability, so that the magnetic field measurement sensitivity is improved, and the method is particularly suitable for high-density and small-volume buffer gas chambers. On one hand, the consistency of the buffer gas chamber is better, the yield is higher, and the method is suitable for engineering application; on the other hand, the whole surface volume of the atomic magnetometer is greatly reduced by adopting a high-density and small-volume air chamber, so that the atomic magnetometer can be applied to the hot spot fields of magnetoencephalography, unmanned magnetic anomaly detection and the like, and the application range of the electronic spin magnetic field measuring method is widened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a high-sensitivity magnetic field measurement method, and particularly relates to a high-sensitivity magnetic field measurement method based on the width and the width of an electron spin magnetic resonance line, which is suitable for the field of measurement of various weak magnetic fields.
Background
The measurement of weak magnetic field signals can be realized through the detection of Larmor precession of electron spins in an external magnetic field. The atomic magnetometer constructed based on the method has the characteristics of high sensitivity, stable scale factor and the like, and is widely applied to the field of measurement of various magnetic fields. In recent years, with the advance of advanced technologies such as atomic gas cell micromachining and high-power small semiconductor lasers, the atomic magnetometer is being developed in the direction of high sensitivity and small volume under the promotion of advanced application requirements such as magnetoencephalography and unmanned magnetic anomaly detection. The intrinsic sensitivity of electron spin magnetic field measurements can be expressed in simplified terms as:
(1) middle gamma is gyromagnetic ratio and is constant to specific atoms; gamma is the electron spin magnetic resonance line width, and is influenced by various relaxation factors; n is atomic density, which can be adjusted by changing temperature; v is the atomic gas cell volume.
As the volume of the atomic magnetometer is reduced, the volume of the atomic gas chamber is reduced, and the magnetic field measurement capability of electron spin is inhibited. The sensitivity of magnetic field measurements is generally increased by increasing the temperature of the atomic gas cell to increase the electron spin density.
The traditional electron spin magnetic field measurement method is characterized in that the ground state of the electron spin is high and ultra-fine energy level by driving light with weaker power. The characteristic is that it can obtain very narrow magnetic resonance line width when the electron spin density is relatively low, thus achieving better sensitivity. However, this measurement method also makes the polarizability of the electron spin low, and the electron spin is relatively uniformly distributed at each hyperfine energy level. With the increase of the electron spin density, the spin exchange collision relaxation on different hyperfine energy levels under the traditional measurement mode is rapidly promoted, so that the broadening of the electron spin magnetic resonance line width is obvious, and the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to design a method for measuring an electron spin magnetic field, which solves the problem of broadening of magnetic resonance linewidth at high atomic density and improves the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement. Thereby meeting the application requirements of the prior high-sensitivity and small-volume atomic magnetometer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-sensitivity magnetic field measurement method based on the width and the width of an electronic autorotation magnetic resonance line, which realizes the width and the width of the magnetic resonance line by improving the atomic polarizability, thereby improving the magnetic field measurement sensitivity.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high-sensitivity magnetic field measuring method based on the width and the width of an electronic gyromagnetic resonance line comprises the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: driving light frequency setting;
in order to realize narrow line width and pressure of the electron spin magnetic resonance, the driving light frequency is adjusted to be the low hyperfine energy level of the electron spin ground state, the measurement of the driving light frequency can be realized by an atomic gas chamber saturated absorption method, the driving light power can be adjusted by adjusting the working current of a laser, and the driving light frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the working temperature of the laser;
step two: measuring the line width of the electronic autorotation magnetic resonance;
step three: optimizing the driving light power;
step four: and (4) optimizing the electron spin density.
The first step comprises the following steps of,
(1) scanning and driving the working current of the laser, wherein the scanning width covers the saturation absorption peak of the atomic gas chamber;
(2) coarsely adjusting the working temperature of the laser until the saturated absorption peak can be observed in the power of the driving light after the driving light penetrates through the atomic gas chamber;
(3) finely adjusting the working temperature of the laser to enable the working current scanning center to correspond to an absorption peak where the hyperfine energy level is 3;
(4) and (5) continuously reducing the current scanning width, and repeating the step (4) until the scanning range is zero.
The second step is that:
(1) applying a static magnetic field B parallel to the direction of the driving light to the atomic gas chamber, and scanning the frequency of the excitation magnetic field by taking the electron spin precession frequency gamma B as the center;
(2) resolving an electron spin dispersion curve through the excitation signal and the electron spin precession signal;
(3) and recording the excitation magnetic field frequencies corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the dispersion curve respectively, wherein half of the frequency difference is the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line width.
The third step is that: the method comprises the steps that the magnetic resonance line width and the narrow width can be realized through a relatively strong driving light polarization electron spin basic state low hyperfine energy level, the pumping rate is too large due to too high optical power, the electron spin magnetic resonance line width is widened, and the electron spin magnetic resonance line width and the narrow width can be effectively realized through reasonably optimizing the driving optical power.
The third step is that: comprises that
(1) And adjusting the driving photocurrent to complete the second step and the third step, and recording the width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line.
The third step comprises
(2) And (3) increasing the driving light power by 5% -15%, repeating the step (1) until a complete process that the line width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance is reduced firstly and then increased is recorded, and taking the corresponding driving light power when the line width of the magnetic resonance is the lowest as an optimization point.
The fourth step comprises
(1) Taking room temperature as an initial atomic gas chamber temperature set point;
(2) completing the third step, recording the magnetic resonance signal slope, namely the ratio of the electron spin magnetic resonance intensity to the line width;
(3) and (3) increasing the temperature of the atomic gas chamber by taking the temperature of 1-5 ℃ as a step length, and repeating the step (2) until the gradient of the recorded magnetic resonance signal is reduced along with the increase of the temperature of the atomic gas chamber, wherein the maximum value of the gradient of the recorded magnetic resonance signal corresponds to an optimization point of the temperature of the atomic gas chamber, and the magnetic field measurement sensitivity is optimal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the prior art, a relatively weak power polarized electron spin ground state high superfine energy level is adopted to obtain a lower magnetic resonance line width, so that the magnetic field measurement sensitivity is obtained. However, the prior art is only suitable for large-volume coating gas chambers. On one hand, the process of the coating air chamber is unstable, the consistency is low, the yield is low, and the engineering application of the atomic magnetometer is not facilitated; on the other hand, the large-volume gas chamber requires a large-section light beam and a large-volume light path matched with the large-volume gas chamber, and the application requirement and the development direction of the current high-sensitivity and small-volume atomic magnetometer are not met. The prior art can not solve the problem of magnetic resonance linewidth broadening caused by electron spin exchange collision relaxation, and the magnetic field measurement sensitivity of high-density electron spin is obviously degraded. The invention adopts a high-power driving light polarization electron spin ground state low hyperfine energy level. The magnetic resonance line width is reduced by improving the atomic polarizability, so that the magnetic field measurement sensitivity is improved, and the method is particularly suitable for high-density and small-volume buffer gas chambers. On one hand, the consistency of the buffer gas chamber is better, the yield is higher, and the method is suitable for engineering application; on the other hand, the whole surface volume of the atomic magnetometer is greatly reduced by adopting a high-density and small-volume air chamber, so that the atomic magnetometer can be applied to the hot spot fields of magnetoencephalography, unmanned magnetic anomaly detection and the like, and the application range of the electronic spin magnetic field measuring method is widened. Compared with the prior art, the method for measuring the magnetic field based on the wide and narrow line width of the electron spin magnetic resonance can improve the sensitivity by about 1 order of magnitude under the condition of the same volume of the gas chamber.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The invention adopts a high-power driving light polarization electron spin ground state low hyperfine energy level. The magnetic resonance line width is narrowed by improving the atomic polarizability, so that the magnetic field measurement sensitivity is improved. Firstly, setting a low hyperfine energy level of a driving light frequency corresponding to an electron spin ground state by a saturated absorption method so as to have a precondition for realizing narrow magnetic resonance line width; secondly, measuring the width of the electron spin magnetic resonance line by a field sweeping method, and having a judgment basis for the width and the width of the electron spin magnetic resonance line; then the polarizability of electron spin is improved by optimizing the driving light power, and the width of an electron spin magnetic resonance line are reduced; and finally, realizing high-sensitivity magnetic field measurement by optimizing the electron spin density. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: driving light frequency setting
In order to realize the narrow line width of the electron spin resonance, the driving light frequency should be adjusted to the low hyperfine energy level of the electron spin ground state, for example, Cs atom, that is, F ═ 3 hyperfine energy level. The measurement of the driving light frequency can be realized by an atomic gas chamber saturated absorption method. The drive light power can be adjusted by adjusting the working current of the laser, the drive light frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the working temperature of the laser, and the specific drive light frequency setting step is as follows:
(1) scanning and driving the working current of the laser, wherein the scanning width covers the saturation absorption peak of the atomic gas chamber;
(2) coarsely adjusting the working temperature of the laser until the saturated absorption peak can be observed in the power of the driving light after the driving light penetrates through the atomic gas chamber;
(3) finely adjusting the working temperature of the laser to enable the working current scanning center to correspond to an absorption peak where the hyperfine energy level is 3;
(4) and (5) continuously reducing the current scanning width, and repeating the step (4) until the scanning range is zero.
Step two: electronic autorotation magnetic resonance linewidth measurement
The method comprises the following steps of measuring the line width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance by scanning the frequency of an excitation magnetic field:
(1) applying a static magnetic field B parallel to the direction of the driving light to the atomic gas chamber, and scanning the frequency of the excitation magnetic field by taking the electron spin precession frequency gamma B as the center;
(2) resolving an electron spin dispersion curve through the excitation signal and the electron spin precession signal;
(3) and recording the excitation magnetic field frequencies corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the dispersion curve respectively, wherein half of the frequency difference is the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line width.
Step three: drive optical power optimization
The narrow width of the magnetic resonance line can be realized by the lower hyperfine energy level of the spin ground state of the highly-driven photo-polarized electron, but the pumping rate is too high due to the too high optical power, and the width of the spin magnetic resonance line of the electron is also widened. The width and the width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line can be effectively realized by reasonably optimizing the driving light power. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adjusting the driving photocurrent to complete the second step and the third step, and recording the width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line;
(2) and (3) increasing the driving light power by 5% -15%, repeating the step (1) until a complete process that the line width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance is reduced firstly and then increased is recorded, and taking the corresponding driving light power when the line width of the magnetic resonance is the lowest as an optimization point.
Step four: electron spin density optimization
Indicated by formula (1): increasing the atomic density can increase the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement, but can also lead to broadening of the magnetic resonance linewidth. The magnetic field measurement sensitivity of electron spin can be improved by reasonably optimizing the temperature of the atomic gas chamber. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) taking room temperature as an initial atomic gas chamber temperature set point;
(2) completing the third step, recording the magnetic resonance signal slope, namely the ratio of the electron spin magnetic resonance intensity to the line width;
(3) and (3) increasing the temperature of the atomic gas chamber by taking 1-5 ℃ as a step length, and repeating the step (2) until the gradient of the recorded magnetic resonance signal is reduced along with the increase of the temperature of the atomic gas chamber. The maximum value of the gradient of the recorded magnetic resonance signal corresponds to the temperature optimization point of the atomic gas chamber, and the magnetic field measurement sensitivity is optimal at the moment.
Claims (7)
1. A high-sensitivity magnetic field measurement method based on the width and the width of an electronic gyromagnetic resonance line is characterized in that: which comprises the following steps of,
the method comprises the following steps: driving light frequency setting;
in order to realize narrow line width and pressure of the electron spin magnetic resonance, the driving light frequency is adjusted to be the low hyperfine energy level of the electron spin ground state, the measurement of the driving light frequency can be realized by an atomic gas chamber saturated absorption method, the driving light power can be adjusted by adjusting the working current of a laser, and the driving light frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the working temperature of the laser;
step two: measuring the line width of the electronic autorotation magnetic resonance;
step three: optimizing the driving light power;
step four: and (4) optimizing the electron spin density.
2. The method for measuring the high-sensitivity magnetic field based on the width and the width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first step comprises the following steps of,
(1) scanning and driving the working current of the laser, wherein the scanning width covers the saturation absorption peak of the atomic gas chamber;
(2) coarsely adjusting the working temperature of the laser until the saturated absorption peak can be observed in the power of the driving light after the driving light penetrates through the atomic gas chamber;
(3) finely adjusting the working temperature of the laser to enable the working current scanning center to correspond to an absorption peak where the hyperfine energy level is 3;
(4) and (5) continuously reducing the current scanning width, and repeating the step (4) until the scanning range is zero.
3. The method for measuring the high-sensitivity magnetic field based on the width and the width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second step is that:
(1) applying a static magnetic field B parallel to the direction of the driving light to the atomic gas chamber, and scanning the frequency of the excitation magnetic field by taking the electron spin precession frequency gamma B as the center;
(2) resolving an electron spin dispersion curve through the excitation signal and the electron spin precession signal;
(3) and recording the excitation magnetic field frequencies corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the dispersion curve respectively, wherein half of the frequency difference is the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line width.
4. The method for measuring the high-sensitivity magnetic field based on the width and the width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the third step is that: the method comprises the steps that the magnetic resonance line width and the narrow width can be realized through a relatively strong driving light polarization electron spin basic state low hyperfine energy level, the pumping rate is too large due to too high optical power, the electron spin magnetic resonance line width is widened, and the electron spin magnetic resonance line width and the narrow width can be effectively realized through reasonably optimizing the driving optical power.
5. The method for measuring the high-sensitivity magnetic field based on the width and the width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the third step is that: comprises that
(1) And adjusting the driving photocurrent to complete the second step and the third step, and recording the width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line.
6. The method for measuring the high-sensitivity magnetic field based on the width and the width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the third step comprises
(2) And (3) increasing the driving light power by 5% -15%, repeating the step (1) until a complete process that the line width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance is reduced firstly and then increased is recorded, and taking the corresponding driving light power when the line width of the magnetic resonance is the lowest as an optimization point.
7. The method for measuring the high-sensitivity magnetic field based on the width and the width of the electronic gyromagnetic resonance line as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fourth step comprises
(1) Taking room temperature as an initial atomic gas chamber temperature set point;
(2) completing the third step, recording the magnetic resonance signal slope, namely the ratio of the electron spin magnetic resonance intensity to the line width;
(3) and (3) increasing the temperature of the atomic gas chamber by taking the temperature of 1-5 ℃ as a step length, and repeating the step (2) until the gradient of the recorded magnetic resonance signal is reduced along with the increase of the temperature of the atomic gas chamber, wherein the maximum value of the gradient of the recorded magnetic resonance signal corresponds to an optimization point of the temperature of the atomic gas chamber, and the magnetic field measurement sensitivity is optimal.
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