CN111060682A - 一种检测噻虫嗪残留的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,属于农药残留检测技术领域。本发明将能量供体UCNPs与噻虫嗪抗体偶联,用能量受体AuNPs标记噻虫嗪抗原。噻虫嗪与抗体UCNPs结合的抗原AuNPs之间发生竞争性免疫反应,利用荧光检测信号计算得到噻虫嗪残留含量。本发明检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,灵敏度高、选择性好、准确度和可靠性高,适用于现场、批量、快速检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药残留检测技术领域,尤其涉及一种检测噻虫嗪残留的方法。
背景技术
噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)是新烟碱类杀虫剂第2代的第1个代表化合物,由瑞士诺华(现先正达)公司1991年开发并于1997年推出上市。噻虫嗪不仅具有触杀、胃毒、内吸活性,而且具有更高的活性、更好的安全性、更广的杀虫谱及作用速度快、持效期长等特点,可选择性抑制昆虫中枢神经系统烟酸乙酰胆碱酯酶受体,进而阻断昆虫中枢神经系统的正常传导,造成害虫出现麻痹死亡。对鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、尤其是同翅目害虫有高活性,可有效防治各种蚜虫、叶蝉、飞虱类、粉虱、马铃薯甲虫、金龟子幼虫、线虫、地面甲虫、潜叶蛾等害虫及与多种类型化学农药产生抗性的害虫,且与吡虫啉、啶虫脒、烯啶虫胺无交互抗性,被广泛应用于农业和畜牧业。噻虫嗪虽然为低毒杀虫剂(大鼠急性经口LD50:1563mg/kg),但随着人们环境保护意识的不断加强,农药残留引起的食品安全问题越来越受到人们的关注,噻虫嗪在动植物中的残留作用也不容忽视。
常规的农药残留仪器分析方法包括气象色谱法、高效液相色谱法以及气/液相色谱-质谱联用法(GC/LC-MS),这些方法检测步骤繁琐,时间长,对仪器的要求条件高,不能满足现场快速、大量样品筛查的需求,迫切需要探寻开发准确、便捷、灵敏、可靠、适用性强的农药残留快速检测方法。目前,商品化较成熟的主要是基于酶抑制法的农药残留速测卡与速测仪,但这些农药快速检测方法普遍存在着容易出现假阳性、具无法体识别农药种类、灵敏度较差、较难进行定量分析等缺点。而酶传感器检测的重复性较差,酶的活性与稳定性易受环境干扰,抗体的制备过程复杂。现阶段只有少数农药的适配体被开发出来。相对目前常用的酶抑制法和生物传感器法等快速检测方法,免疫层析技术是一种能更批量样本快捷、准确检测的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于上转发光颗粒的农药免疫层析技术检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,灵敏度高、精确度高,适合于噻虫嗪的快速痕量测定。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将上转换纳米颗粒与噻虫嗪抗体偶联,得到噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物;
(2)用金纳米颗粒标记噻虫嗪抗原,得到噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物;
(3)噻虫嗪与噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物以及噻虫嗪-抗原AuNPs结合物之间发生竞争性免疫反应,利用上转换纳米颗粒与金纳米颗粒之间的内滤波效应获得不同的荧光检测信号值,计算得到噻虫嗪残留量。
优选的,所述噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物的制备方法包括:将COOH-UCNPs颗粒用N-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺在水溶液中震荡活化,得到活性颗粒;将活性颗粒与噻虫嗪抗体于磷酸缓冲液中混合反应,得到噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物。
进一步优选的,所述噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物悬浮在储备溶液中,所述储备液为含有1%牛血清白蛋白、0.1%吐温-20和1%海藻糖的0.03M pH7.4的磷酸缓冲液。
优选的,所述金纳米颗粒用柠檬酸钠还原法制备。
更优选的,所述金纳米颗粒的制备方法包括:将氯化金水溶液在冷凝回流条件下加热至沸点,搅拌下加入柠檬酸三钠溶液,当溶液的颜色从深蓝色变为酒红色时,再加热后冷却,得到含有金纳米颗粒的悬浮液。
优选的,所述噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物的制备方法包括:调节胶体金颗粒悬浮液的pH值至8.0,将噻虫嗪抗原加入上述溶液中搅拌孵育,得溶液I;向溶液I中加入含有牛血清白蛋白和聚乙二醇的Tris-HCl溶液混合并搅拌,使溶液I中牛血清白蛋白的终浓度为1%,聚乙二醇的终浓度为1%,继续孵育后,离心得到噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物。
更优选的,所述噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物分散在0.05M pH 8.5的Tris HCl混合溶液中,所述Tris HCl混合溶液包含1%牛血清白蛋白、1%聚乙二醇和5%蔗糖。
优选的,步骤(3)中,所述利用荧光强度变化值与噻虫嗪浓度之间的关系建立标准曲线,利用标准曲线计算噻虫嗪浓度。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供了一种新颖、灵敏的均匀免疫分析方法,用于农产品中噻虫嗪残留的快速检测。检测信号来源于上转换纳米颗粒(UCNPs)与金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)之间的内滤波效应(IFE)。内滤波效应是指在探测系统中,吸收体对荧光团激发辐射和/或发射荧光辐射的吸收。只有当吸收体的吸收带与荧光团的激发和/或发射带具有互补重叠时,IFE才会有效发生。与荧光共振能量转移不同,基于IFE的方法不需要吸收体与荧光团的连接,因此这种方法更灵活、更简单。与其他荧光分析方法相比,IFE系统的优点在于合成方法简单、灵敏度较高等优点。此外,基于IFE免疫分析法是均匀的,在实验操作(无涂层和洗涤步骤)、试剂消耗和处置性方面优于非均匀免疫分析法。
本发明将能量供体UCNPs与噻虫嗪抗体偶联,用能量受体AuNPs标记噻虫嗪抗原。噻虫嗪与抗体UCNPs结合的抗原AuNPs之间发生竞争性免疫反应,利用荧光检测信号计算得到噻虫嗪残留含量。本发明检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,灵敏度高、选择性好、准确度和可靠性高。在最佳检测条件下,噻虫嗪的检出限为1.25ng/mL,并将该方法成功地应用于苹果、桃、黄瓜中噻虫嗪的测定,回收率在75.1-92.5%之间。通过盲样试验,基于IFE的免疫分析与超高效液相色谱-串联质谱显示出良好的相关性。该方法实现了农产品中噻虫嗪残留的快速测定,解决了农产品中噻虫嗪痕量测定的问题,适用于现场、批量、快速检测。
附图说明
图1为基于IFE的竞争免疫法与高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定苹果样品的相关性。
图2基于IFE的竞争免疫法与高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定桃样品的相关性。
图3基于IFE的竞争免疫法与高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定黄瓜样品的相关性。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,利用上转换纳米颗粒与金纳米颗粒之间的内滤波效应,测定噻虫嗪的残留值,具有快速、准确、灵敏度高的特点,适用于现场大批量的检测。该检测方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将上转换纳米颗粒与噻虫嗪抗体偶联,得到噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物;
(2)用金纳米颗粒标记噻虫嗪抗原,得到噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物;
(3)噻虫嗪与噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物以及噻虫嗪-抗原AuNPs结合物之间发生竞争性免疫反应,利用上转换纳米颗粒与金纳米颗粒之间的内滤波效应获得不同的荧光检测信号值,计算得到噻虫嗪残留量。
本发明对上转换纳米颗粒以及噻虫嗪抗体的来源没有特殊限定,采用市售商品即可。作为优选的,所述噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物的制备方法包括:将COOH-UCNPs颗粒用N-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)和1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(EDC)在水溶液中震荡活化,得到活性颗粒;将活性颗粒与噻虫嗪抗体于磷酸缓冲液中混合反应,得到噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物。优选所述活性颗粒用磷酸缓冲液冲洗后再与噻虫嗪抗体反应。进一步优选在超声波中冲洗。本发明优选磷酸缓冲液的浓度为0.01M,pH值为7.4。本发明优选所述活性颗粒与噻虫嗪抗体在旋转震荡中反应,优选旋转震荡的频率为200-300转/分。本发明优选所述活性颗粒与噻虫嗪抗体的反应时间为1.5-3小时。反应完成后,优选用牛血清白蛋白溶液阻断反应,所述牛血清白蛋白溶液的质量浓度为0.5-2%。反应完成后离心得到的沉淀颗粒为噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物。本发明优选将噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物悬浮在储备溶液中,便于后续使用。本发明优选所述储备液为含有1%牛血清白蛋白(w/v)、0.1%吐温-20(v/v)和1%海藻糖(w/v)的0.03M pH7.4的磷酸缓冲液。
用金纳米颗粒标记噻虫嗪抗原,得到噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物。本发明对金纳米颗粒和噻虫嗪抗原的来源没有特殊限定,采用市售产品或自制均可。本发明优选采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备金纳米颗粒。具体的,所述金纳米颗粒的制备方法包括:将氯化金水溶液在冷凝回流条件下加热至沸点,搅拌下加入柠檬酸三钠溶液,当溶液的颜色从深蓝色变为酒红色时,再加热后冷却,得到含有金纳米颗粒的悬浮液。本发明优选氯化金的质量浓度为0.01%,柠檬酸三钠溶液的质量浓度为1%。本发明优选溶液颜色变为酒红色时,再加热时间为5-10min。本发明优选将制备好的金纳米颗粒储存在4℃下。所述噻虫嗪抗原可参照文献通过混合酸酐偶联法制备。在本发明具体实施例中,所用噻虫嗪抗原为市售产品。
作为优选的实施例,所述噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物的制备方法包括:调节胶体金颗粒悬浮液的pH值至8.0,将噻虫嗪抗原加入上述溶液中搅拌孵育,得溶液I;向溶液I中加入含有牛血清白蛋白和聚乙二醇的Tris-HCl溶液混合并搅拌,使溶液I中牛血清白蛋白的终浓度为1%,聚乙二醇的终浓度为1%,继续孵育后,离心得到噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物。
本发明优选用碳酸钾调节胶体金悬浮液的pH值,优选碳酸钾的浓度为0.05-0.2M。本发明优选噻虫嗪抗原浓度为0.2-0.3mg/mL。本发明噻虫嗪抗原与胶体金悬浮液的体积比优选为1:7~12。本发明将噻虫嗪抗原与胶体金悬浮液孵育,得溶液I。所述孵育时间优选为0.5~2h。
本发明向溶液I中加入含有牛血清白蛋白和聚乙二醇的Tris-HCl溶液混合并搅拌,使溶液I中牛血清白蛋白的终浓度为1%,聚乙二醇的终浓度为1%,继续孵育。本发明优选加入牛血清白蛋白溶液,所述牛血清白蛋白溶液的质量浓度为5-20%。本发明优选加入聚乙二醇溶液,所述聚乙二醇溶液的质量浓度为5-20%。本发明所述Tris-HCl溶液的浓度为0.02-0.1M,pH值优选为8-9。本发明继续孵育的时间优选为0.5-2h。本发明优选用所述Tris-HCl溶液洗涤沉淀物,得到噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物。本发明优选将所述噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物分散在0.05M pH 8.5的Tris HCl混合溶液中,所述Tris HCl混合溶液包含1%牛血清白蛋白、1%聚乙二醇和5%蔗糖。
本发明中,将噻虫嗪、噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物以及噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物在硼酸钠缓冲液中孵育,利用荧光强度变化值与噻虫嗪浓度之间的关系建立标准曲线,利用标准曲线计算噻虫嗪浓度。本发明UCNP的最终浓度优选为0.1-0.2mol/L,AuNPs的最终浓度优选为0.1-0.2mol/L。本发明硼酸钠缓冲液的浓度优选为0.005-0.02mol/L。所述孵育温度优选为37℃,孵育时间优选为40-80min。本发明所采用的荧光分光光度计的型号没有特殊限制,激光光源为980nm。
本发明检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,灵敏度高、选择性好、准确度和可靠性高。在最佳检测条件下,噻虫嗪的检出限为1.25ng/mL,并将该方法成功地应用于苹果、桃、黄瓜中噻虫嗪的测定,回收率在75.1-92.5%之间。通过盲样试验,基于IFE的免疫分析与超高效液相色谱-串联质谱显示出良好的相关性。该方法实现了农产品中噻虫嗪残留的快速测定,解决了农产品中噻虫嗪痕量测定的问题,适用于现场、批量、快速检测。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
本发明以下实施例中所用原料及试剂,如无特殊说明,均可采用市售产品。
实施例1
噻虫嗪抗体偶联物的制备
首先,制备为0.5mg/mL COOH-UCNPs颗粒的超纯水溶液,加入20μL NHS(25mg/mL)和20μL EDC(38mg/mL),剧烈震荡20分钟使颗粒活化,然后离心10分钟。丢弃上清液,保留沉淀下来的活性颗粒。用1mL 0.01M磷酸盐缓冲液(PB,pH 7.4)在超声波下冲洗沉淀5分钟。随后,将19μL噻虫嗪抗体(2.1mg/mL)加入UCNPs活化悬浮液中。将混合物在250转/分下反应2小时,然后将1%牛血清白蛋白溶液加入混合物中以阻断30分钟。离心后,丢弃上清液并将沉积物重新悬浮在含有1%牛血清白蛋白(w/v)、0.1%吐温-20(v/v)和1%海藻糖(w/v)的0.03M PB(pH7.4)储备溶液中。噻虫嗪抗体UCNPs储存在4℃下,如果颗粒变成聚集或絮凝,则在使用前进行超声波分散。
AuNPs的制备
采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备AuNPs。首先,将1毫升1%氯化金加入100毫升水中,形成0.01%氯化金溶液。在回流冷凝条件下,将溶液加热至沸点,然后在恒定搅拌下快速添加1.2ml 1%柠檬酸三钠溶液。当混合物的颜色从深蓝色变为明显的酒红色时,将溶液再煮5分钟。冷却至室温后,将AuNPs溶液储存在4℃下。
竞争性抗原AuNPs结合物的制备
首先,用0.1M的K2CO3将胶体金悬浮液的pH值调节到8.0。之后,在搅拌下逐滴将1mL0.285mg/mL噻虫嗪抗原(比用盐絮凝试验测定的最小量多20%)加入到10mL经pH调节的胶体金悬浮液中。然后将悬浮液在温和搅拌下孵育1h。随后加入含有10%BSA和10%PEG(最终(牛血清白蛋白)BSA浓度为1%,聚乙二醇(PEG)浓度为1%)的0.05M Tris-HCl溶液(pH8.5)混合溶液并搅拌。再孵育1h后,将溶液在4℃下离心(12000转/分)1h,并用0.05M TrisHCl溶液(pH 8.5,含1%BSA和1%PEG)洗涤所得沉淀物三次,以极大地去除游离(未标记)的噻虫嗪抗原。最后,将金标的噻虫嗪抗原沉淀物分散在1mL 0.05M Tris HCl溶液(pH 8.5,含1%BSA、1%PEG、5%蔗糖)中,并在4℃下保存。
基于IFE系统检测噻虫嗪
噻虫嗪的IFE免疫分析方法如下。将500微升的噻虫嗪标准溶液或样品溶液、250微升的竞争性抗原AuNPs结合物和70微升的噻虫嗪抗体偶联物加入2毫升试管中。随后,用0.01mol L-1硼酸钠缓冲液将混合物调整至1mL,然后在37℃下缓慢摇动孵育50min。UCNP和AuNPs的最终浓度分别为0.14mg L-1和1.6nmol L-1。在980nm激光激发下利用荧光强度变化值与噻虫嗪浓度之间的关系建立标准曲线。利用回归方程计算噻虫嗪的浓度。
实施例2
样品预处理及加标回收试验
从超市购买苹果、桃和黄瓜,在样品预处理中,样品经高度均质变成液体汁后首先通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)确认为不含噻虫嗪,并用于加标回收试验。每个样品分别加入少量噻虫嗪得到不同的加标水平。每个样品(2.0g)用10mL 0.01M PBS(pH7.4)摇动1分钟提取,然后通过0.22μM膜过滤。滤液用0.01m PBS(pH7.4)稀释4倍后进行分析。
检测实际样品
在实际应用中,采用基于IFE的免疫分析和UPLC-MS/MS技术,对15个不同产地的苹果、桃和黄瓜样品进行了同时分析,以评价两种方法的相关性。
表1采用实施例1方法检测添加样品的回收率
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将上转换纳米颗粒与噻虫嗪抗体偶联,得到噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物;
(2)用金纳米颗粒标记噻虫嗪抗原,得到噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物;
(3)噻虫嗪与噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物以及噻虫嗪-抗原AuNPs结合物之间发生竞争性免疫反应,利用上转换纳米颗粒与金纳米颗粒之间的内滤波效应获得不同的荧光检测信号值,计算得到噻虫嗪残留量。
2.根据权利要求1所述检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,其特征在于,所述噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物的制备方法包括:将COOH-UCNPs颗粒用N-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺在水溶液中震荡活化,得到活性颗粒;将活性颗粒与噻虫嗪抗体于磷酸缓冲液中混合反应,得到噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物。
3.根据权利要求2所述检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,其特征在于,所述噻虫嗪抗体-UCNPs偶联物悬浮在储备溶液中,所述储备液为含有1%牛血清白蛋白、0.1%吐温-20和1%海藻糖的0.03M pH7.4的磷酸缓冲液。
4.根据权利要求1所述检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,其特征在于,所述金纳米颗粒用柠檬酸钠还原法制备。
5.根据权利要求4所述检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,其特征在于,所述金纳米颗粒的制备方法包括:将氯化金水溶液在冷凝回流条件下加热至沸点,搅拌下加入柠檬酸三钠溶液,当溶液的颜色从深蓝色变为酒红色时,再加热后冷却,得到含有金纳米颗粒的悬浮液。
6.根据权利要求1所述检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,其特征在于,所述噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物的制备方法包括:调节胶体金颗粒悬浮液的pH值至8.0,将噻虫嗪抗原加入上述溶液中搅拌孵育,得溶液I;向溶液I中加入含有牛血清白蛋白和聚乙二醇的Tris-HCl溶液混合并搅拌,使溶液I中牛血清白蛋白的终浓度为1%,聚乙二醇的终浓度为1%,继续孵育后,离心得到噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,其特征在于,所述噻虫嗪抗原-AuNPs结合物分散在0.05M pH 8.5的Tris HCl混合溶液中,所述Tris HCl混合溶液包含1%牛血清白蛋白、1%聚乙二醇和5%蔗糖。
8.根据权利要求1所述检测噻虫嗪残留的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述利用荧光强度变化值与噻虫嗪浓度之间的关系建立标准曲线,利用标准曲线计算噻虫嗪浓度。
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