CN111057920B - Ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 5.8-7.8% of Zn, 1.5-2.2% of Mg, 1.6-2.4% of Cu, 0.15-0.3% of Zr, 0.04-0.12% of Ti, 0.2-0.45% of Y and the balance of Al. The preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: A. casting: preparing an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy; B. carrying out homogenization treatment; C. and (3) thermoplastic deformation processing: carrying out thermoplastic deformation processing on the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy blank obtained in the step B, wherein the temperature of the thermoplastic deformation processing is 380-450 ℃; D. solution treatment; E. and (5) aging treatment. The ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy provided by the invention has excellent mechanical properties and the strength is higher than 900 MPa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the field of aluminum alloy manufacturing.
Background
The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is a heat-treatable reinforced high-strength aluminum alloy, has low density, high specific strength and good corrosion resistance and processability, and can be widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation, war industry, civil life and the like as a light-weight structural material. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted a great deal of research on improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, such as strength, plasticity, toughness, stress corrosion resistance and the like.
The main factors influencing the comprehensive mechanical properties of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy are as follows: the contents of main alloy elements (Zn, Mg and Cu), the types and contents of micro-alloying elements, and the preparation and heat treatment processes of the alloy. In order to develop the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy with ultrahigh strength, the research at home and abroad in recent years mainly focuses on the aspects of component design and optimization of main elements of the alloy, microalloying, exploration of new preparation technology, heat treatment process and the like. At present, better research results are obtained, and more reports show that the tensile strength of the alloy reaches the level of 700MPa through the adjustment of microalloying and heat treatment processes. However, the ultra-high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy still has a larger promotion space to meet higher performance requirements (such as 850MPa level) in the fields of aerospace, national defense and military industry and the like. Therefore, the development of ultrahigh-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy (the strength is more than 850MPa) with higher strength is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy provided by the invention has excellent mechanical properties and the strength is higher than 900 MPa.
The invention realizes the aim and firstly discloses an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, wherein the mass percentage of chemical elements in the alloy is as follows: 5.8-7.8% of Zn, 1.5-2.2% of Mg, 1.6-2.4% of Cu, 0.15-0.3% of Zr, 0.04-0.12% of Ti, 0.2-0.45% of Y and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the alloy of the invention comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 5.92-6.47% of Zn, 1.59-1.75% of Mg, 1.89-1.90% of Cu, 0.21-0.28% of Zr, 0.06-0.09% of Ti, 0.22-0.32% of Y and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the alloy of the invention comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 6.47% Zn, 1.7% Mg, 1.9% Cu, 0.24% Zr, 0.07% Ti, 0.27% Y, and the balance Al.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
A. casting: preparing an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy;
B. homogenizing: homogenizing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A;
C. and (3) thermoplastic deformation processing: carrying out thermoplastic deformation processing on the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy blank obtained in the step B, wherein the temperature of the thermoplastic deformation processing is 380-450 ℃;
D. solution treatment: c, carrying out solution treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the thermoplastic deformation processing;
E. aging treatment: and D, carrying out aging treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment obtained in the step D.
Preferably, the preparation method of the invention, step A, is a specific method for preparing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy, which comprises the following steps: heating the resistance furnace to 480-510 ℃ according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy, and adding pure aluminum; after the pure Al is completely heated, heating the resistance furnace to the temperature of 720-750 ℃, and completely melting the pure Al; cooling the melt to 680-710 ℃, and adding Al-Cu intermediate alloy; after the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is melted, the temperature of the melt is raised to 730-750 ℃, the Al-Zr intermediate alloy and the Al-Ti intermediate alloy are added, and the melt is stirred for 3-5 min; after the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 710-725 ℃, and adding the Al-Y intermediate alloy; when the temperature is reduced to 690 and 710 ℃, pure Zn and Mg are added; then the temperature of the melt is raised to 720-740 ℃, and the mixture is stirred for 5-10 min; then skimming off the scum on the surface, and standing for 10-20 min; when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 710-730 ℃ for pouring.
Preferably, the homogenization treatment in the step B of the preparation method is two-stage homogenization treatment, which comprises the specific operation of preserving heat for 8-20h at the temperature of 380-420 ℃, then heating to the temperature of 450-480 ℃ and preserving heat for 10-30h, and cooling along with a furnace; the step D is a two-stage solution treatment, which comprises the specific steps of keeping the temperature for 1-4h at the temperature of 430-;
the aging treatment temperature of the aging treatment in the step E is 110-150 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 20-30 h.
Preferably, the aging treatment in the step E of the preparation method is a multi-stage aging treatment, which comprises the specific steps of aging at the temperature of 110-150 ℃ for 20-30h, then heating to the temperature of 170-200 ℃ and preserving the heat for 20-60min, and then cooling to the temperature of 110-150 ℃ and aging for 20-30 h.
More preferably, the thermoplastic deformation processing of the preparation method of the invention is hot extrusion processing, and the hot extrusion processing comprises the following specific operations: c, preserving the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step B at the temperature of 400-450 ℃ for 2-4h, and then performing hot extrusion at the extrusion temperature of 400-450 ℃; the extrusion ratio is 9-60: 1.
further preferably, the hot extrusion process of the preparation method of the present invention comprises the following specific operations: c, preserving the heat of the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step B for 4 hours at the temperature of 420 ℃, and then performing hot extrusion at the extrusion temperature of 420 ℃; extrusion ratio about 32: 1.
more preferably, the homogenization treatment in the step B of the preparation method is double-stage homogenization treatment, and the specific operation is to keep the temperature at 400 ℃ for 12 hours, then heat the mixture to 465 ℃ for 24 hours, and cool the mixture along with the furnace; d, performing two-stage solution treatment, wherein the specific operation is to keep the temperature at 450 ℃ for 1.5h, then continuously heating to 470 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 2h, and performing water quenching at room temperature; and the aging treatment in the step E is multistage aging treatment, and the specific operation is aging at 120 ℃ for 24h, then heating to 190 ℃ and preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling to 120 ℃ and aging for 24 h.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
in order to solve the problems in the prior art, the applicant obtains the ultra-high strength aluminum alloy workpiece with the strength higher than 900MPa through a large number of theoretical research and analysis, an EGO algorithm (global optimization algorithm) and a large number of experiments. The reason why it has such high strength is presumed by the following characterization and theoretical analysis:
strengthening of one or more second phases
The various types of second phases present in the microstructure of the aluminum alloy of the present invention include: MgZn2、Al3Zr、Al20Ti2Y、Al8Cu4Y、Al3(Zr, Ti) etc., especially with Al dominating8Cu4Y and MgZn2And (4) phase(s). Al in alloy8Cu4The Y phase exhibits mainly two distribution states: 1) is dispersed and distributed in the matrix in a granular shape, and the size is about 200-300 nm; 2) the grain boundaries are distributed in a net shape at a large amount of sub-crystal grain boundaries (less than 100-300nm) in the fine matrix grains of the alloy, and the size is about 10-30 nm. Ultra-fine and nano-scale Al8Cu4Y has a very obvious effect of improving the strength of the alloy. MgZn2The phase is a traditional strengthening phase in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series high-strength aluminum alloy, and has a remarkable effect on improving the strength of the alloy. In particular MgZn in the invention2The distribution state of the phases is also the same as that of the traditional alloyThere was a clear difference. Most of the traditional alloys are grain boundary chain type distribution or grain-in-grain dispersion distribution precipitated phases (the nano-scale size and the micron-scale size are reported), but MgZn in the invention2Unlike conventional alloys, MgZn at grain boundaries2Phase is multi-layer nano-particle uniform strip distribution, MgZn2The phase particle size is less than 10nm, and the strip width is about 100 nm and 200nm, which also greatly improves the tensile strength of the alloy.
Secondly, bimodal distribution of matrix grain size
The matrix grain size in the microstructure of the aluminum alloy of the invention is in bimodal distribution (as is well known, the bimodal distribution of crystal grain size will help to improve the mechanical property of the alloy), namely, one part of matrix grains are larger in size (about 50-70 μm), the other part of matrix grains are smaller in size (about 5-10 μm), and small grains are mainly distributed around the second phase. In addition, a large amount of sub-crystalline structures (less than 100-300nm) exist in the crystal grains, and most of the sub-crystal grains are made of nano-sized reticular Al8Cu4The Y phase surrounds the alloy, and the above all have obvious effect on improving the alloy strength.
III, alloy elements
From the perspective of alloy elements, the addition of Y element is the key to the invention for obtaining the ultra-high strength aluminum alloy: 1) the addition of Y element forms a large amount of Al with superfine and nano-scale size8Cu4The Y phase has a remarkable effect on improving the mechanical property of the alloy; 2) al is formed due to addition of Y element8Cu4Y phase, Al8Cu4The Y phase obviously inhibits the growth of the crystal grains of the surrounding matrix, resulting in Al8Cu4The size of matrix grains around the Y phase is obviously reduced (about 5-10 mu m), thereby forming bimodal distribution of the matrix grains and having a great promoting effect on improving the mechanical property of the alloy; 3) in the microstructure of the alloy, a large amount of sub-crystals (less than 100-300nm) exist in the matrix grains and are mostly distributed in Al8Cu4The addition of Y element inside the fine matrix crystal grain around the Y phase makes the partial subgrain part capable of separating out great amount of netted nanometer Al8Cu4And (4) Y phase.
In addition, the content of Mg element in the invention is generally lower than that of the existing high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy, and the invention has the advantages that: 1) the Zn/Mg ratio is improved, and the mechanical property of the alloy is improved; 2) the reduction of Mg content is also beneficial to promoting MgZn at crystal boundary2The phases are distributed in a plurality of layers of nano-granular uniform strips, and the mechanical property of the alloy is obviously improved. Moreover, the content of micro-alloying elements in the aluminum alloy is low, which is beneficial to controlling the cost.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
Example one
An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 6.47% Zn, 1.7% Mg, 1.9% Cu, 0.24% Zr, 0.07% Ti, 0.27% Y, and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
A. casting: preparing an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy;
the specific operation for preparing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy is as follows: heating a resistance furnace to 500 ℃ according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy, and adding pure aluminum; after the pure Al is completely heated, heating the resistance furnace to 740 ℃, and completely melting the pure Al; cooling the melt to 700 ℃, and adding Al-Cu intermediate alloy; after the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is melted, heating the melt to 740 ℃, adding the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and stirring the melt for 3-5 min; after the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 720 ℃, and adding the Al-Y intermediate alloy; when the temperature is reduced to 705 ℃, pure Zn and Mg are added; then, the temperature of the melt is raised to 730 ℃, and the melt is stirred for 5-10 min; then skimming floating slag on the surface, and standing for 10-20 min; when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 720 ℃, pouring to obtain an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy;
B. homogenizing: and C, homogenizing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A, wherein the homogenizing treatment is a two-stage homogenizing treatment, and the concrete operations are as follows: heating the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A to 400 ℃ and preserving heat for 12 hours, then continuously heating to 465 ℃ and preserving heat for 24 hours, and cooling along with the furnace;
C. and (3) thermoplastic deformation processing: and C, carrying out hot extrusion processing on the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy blank obtained in the step B, wherein the hot extrusion processing comprises the following specific operations: c, preserving the heat of the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step B for 4 hours at the temperature of 420 ℃, and then performing hot extrusion at the extrusion temperature of 420 ℃; the extrusion ratio was 32: 1;
D. solution treatment: and C, carrying out solution treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the thermoplastic deformation processing, wherein the solution treatment is two-stage solution treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: c, preserving the heat of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to hot extrusion processing for 1.5h at 450 ℃, then continuously heating to 470 ℃, preserving the heat for 2h, and performing water quenching at room temperature;
E. aging treatment: and D, carrying out aging treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment obtained in the step D, wherein the aging treatment comprises the following specific operations: and D, aging the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment obtained in the step D for 24 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃, then heating to 190 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5 hour, and then cooling to 120 ℃ for aging for 24 hours.
The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared by the embodiment is characterized by 954MPa of tensile strength, 928MPa of yield strength and 3.2% of elongation.
Example two
An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 6.47% Zn, 1.7% Mg, 1.9% Cu, 0.24% Zr, 0.07% Ti, 0.27% Y, and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
A. casting: preparing an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy;
the specific operation for preparing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy is as follows: heating a resistance furnace to 500 ℃ according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy, and adding pure aluminum; after the pure Al is completely heated, heating the resistance furnace to 740 ℃, and completely melting the pure Al; cooling the melt to 700 ℃, and adding Al-Cu intermediate alloy; after the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is melted, heating the melt to 740 ℃, adding the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and stirring the melt for 3-5 min; after the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 720 ℃, and adding the Al-Y intermediate alloy; when the temperature is reduced to 705 ℃, pure Zn and Mg are added; then, the temperature of the melt is increased to 730 ℃, and the melt is stirred for 5-10 min; then skimming off the scum on the surface, and standing for 10-20 min; when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 720 ℃, pouring to obtain an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy;
B. homogenizing: and C, homogenizing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A, wherein the homogenizing treatment is a two-stage homogenizing treatment, and the concrete operations are as follows: heating the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A to 400 ℃ and preserving heat for 12 hours, then continuously heating to 465 ℃ and preserving heat for 24 hours, and cooling along with the furnace;
C. and (3) thermoplastic deformation processing: and C, carrying out hot extrusion processing on the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy blank obtained in the step B, wherein the hot extrusion processing comprises the following specific operations: c, preserving the heat of the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step B for 4 hours at the temperature of 420 ℃, and then performing hot extrusion at the extrusion temperature of 420 ℃; the extrusion ratio was 32: 1;
D. solution treatment: and C, carrying out solution treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the thermoplastic deformation processing, wherein the solution treatment is two-stage solution treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: c, preserving the heat of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to hot extrusion processing for 1.5h at 450 ℃, then continuously heating to 470 ℃, preserving the heat for 2h, and performing water quenching at room temperature;
E. aging treatment: and D, carrying out aging treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment, which is obtained in the step D, wherein the aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: and D, aging the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment and obtained in the step D for 24 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃.
The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared by the embodiment has the characteristics of tensile strength of 910MPa, yield strength of 886MPa and elongation of 4.8 percent.
EXAMPLE III
An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 5.92% Zn, 1.75% Mg, 1.89% Cu, 0.21% Zr, 0.06% Ti, 0.32% Y, and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
A. casting: preparing an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy;
the specific operation for preparing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy is as follows: heating a resistance furnace to 500 ℃ according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy, and adding pure aluminum; after the pure Al is completely heated, heating the resistance furnace to 740 ℃, and completely melting the pure Al; cooling the melt to 700 ℃, and adding Al-Cu intermediate alloy; after the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is melted, heating the melt to 740 ℃, adding the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and stirring the melt for 3-5 min; after the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 720 ℃, and adding the Al-Y intermediate alloy; when the temperature is reduced to 705 ℃, pure Zn and Mg are added; then, the temperature of the melt is increased to 730 ℃, and the melt is stirred for 5-10 min; then skimming off the scum on the surface, and standing for 10-20 min; when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 720 ℃, pouring to obtain an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy;
B. homogenizing: and C, homogenizing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A, wherein the homogenizing treatment is a two-stage homogenizing treatment, and the concrete operations are as follows: heating the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A to 400 ℃ and preserving heat for 12 hours, then continuously heating to 465 ℃ and preserving heat for 24 hours, and cooling along with the furnace;
C. and (3) thermoplastic deformation processing: and C, carrying out hot extrusion processing on the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy blank obtained in the step B, wherein the hot extrusion processing comprises the following specific operations: c, carrying out heat preservation on the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step B at the temperature of 420 ℃ for 4 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion at the extrusion temperature of 420 ℃; the extrusion ratio was 32: 1;
D. solution treatment: and C, carrying out solution treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the thermoplastic deformation processing, wherein the solution treatment is two-stage solution treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: c, preserving the heat of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to hot extrusion processing for 1.5h at 450 ℃, then continuously heating to 470 ℃, preserving the heat for 2h, and performing water quenching at room temperature;
E. aging treatment: and D, carrying out aging treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment obtained in the step D, wherein the aging treatment is multistage aging treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: and D, aging the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment obtained in the step D for 24 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃, then heating to 190 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5 hour, and then cooling to 120 ℃ for aging for 24 hours.
The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared by the embodiment is characterized by 936MPa in tensile strength, 898MPa in yield strength and 5.2% in elongation.
Example four
An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 6.35% Zn, 1.59% Mg, 1.89% Cu, 0.28% Zr, 0.09% Ti, 0.22% Y, and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
A. casting: preparing an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy;
the specific operation for preparing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy is as follows: heating a resistance furnace to 500 ℃ according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy, and adding pure aluminum; after the pure Al is completely heated, heating the resistance furnace to 740 ℃, and completely melting the pure Al; cooling the melt to 700 ℃, and adding Al-Cu intermediate alloy; after the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is melted, heating the melt to 740 ℃, adding the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and stirring the melt for 3-5 min; after the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 720 ℃, and adding the Al-Y intermediate alloy; when the temperature is reduced to 705 ℃, pure Zn and Mg are added; then, the temperature of the melt is increased to 730 ℃, and the melt is stirred for 5-10 min; then skimming off the scum on the surface, and standing for 10-20 min; when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 720 ℃, pouring to obtain an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy;
B. homogenizing: and C, homogenizing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A, wherein the homogenizing treatment is a two-stage homogenizing treatment, and the concrete operations are as follows: heating the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A to 400 ℃ and preserving heat for 12 hours, then continuously heating to 465 ℃ and preserving heat for 24 hours, and cooling along with the furnace;
C. and (3) thermoplastic deformation processing: and C, carrying out hot extrusion processing on the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy blank obtained in the step B, wherein the hot extrusion processing comprises the following specific operations: c, preserving the heat of the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step B for 4 hours at the temperature of 420 ℃, and then performing hot extrusion at the extrusion temperature of 420 ℃; the extrusion ratio was 32: 1;
D. solution treatment: and D, carrying out solution treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the thermoplastic deformation processing obtained in the step C, wherein the solution treatment is double-stage solution treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: c, preserving the heat of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to hot extrusion processing for 1.5h at 450 ℃, then continuously heating to 470 ℃, preserving the heat for 2h, and performing water quenching at room temperature;
E. aging treatment: and D, carrying out aging treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment, which is obtained in the step D, wherein the aging treatment is multistage aging treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: and D, aging the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment obtained in the step D for 24 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃, then heating to 190 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5 hour, and then cooling to 120 ℃ for aging for 24 hours.
The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared by the embodiment has the characteristics of 907MPa of tensile strength, 870MPa of yield strength and 5.6 percent of elongation.
EXAMPLE five
An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 5.8% Zn, 1.5% Mg, 1.6% Cu, 0.3% Zr, 0.12% Ti, 0.45% Y, and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
A. casting: preparing an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy;
the specific operation for preparing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy is as follows: heating a resistance furnace to 480 ℃ according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy, and then adding pure aluminum; after the pure Al is completely heated, heating the resistance furnace to 720 ℃, and completely melting the pure Al; cooling the melt to 680 ℃, and adding an Al-Cu intermediate alloy; after the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is melted, heating the melt to 730 ℃, adding the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and stirring the melt for 4 min; after the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 710 ℃, and adding the Al-Y intermediate alloy; when the temperature is reduced to 690 ℃, adding pure Zn and Mg; then the temperature of the melt is raised to 720 ℃, and the melt is stirred for 10 min; then skimming floating slag on the surface, and standing for 18 min; when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 710 ℃, pouring to obtain an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy;
B. homogenizing: and C, homogenizing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A, wherein the homogenizing treatment is a two-stage homogenizing treatment, and the concrete operations are as follows: heating the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A to 380 ℃, preserving heat for 20h, then continuing to heat to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 30h, and cooling along with the furnace;
C. and (3) thermoplastic deformation processing: and C, carrying out hot extrusion processing on the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy blank obtained in the step B, wherein the hot extrusion processing comprises the following specific operations: c, preserving the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step B for 3 hours at 400 ℃, and then performing hot extrusion at 400 ℃; the extrusion ratio was 9: 1;
D. solution treatment: and C, carrying out solution treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the thermoplastic deformation processing, wherein the solution treatment is two-stage solution treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: c, preserving the heat of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to hot extrusion processing for 4 hours at 430 ℃, then continuously heating to 460 ℃, preserving the heat for 4 hours, and performing water quenching at room temperature;
E. aging treatment: and D, carrying out aging treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment obtained in the step D, wherein the aging treatment is multistage aging treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: and D, aging the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment obtained in the step D for 30h at 110 ℃, then heating to 170 ℃, preserving the heat for 60min, and then cooling to 110 ℃ for aging for 30 h.
EXAMPLE six
An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 7.8% Zn, 2.2% Mg, 2.4% Cu, 0.15% Zr, 0.04% Ti, 0.2% Y, and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
A. casting: preparing an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy;
the specific operation for preparing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy is as follows: heating a resistance furnace to 510 ℃ according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy, and adding pure aluminum; after the pure Al is completely heated, heating the resistance furnace to 750 ℃, and completely melting the pure Al; cooling the melt to 710 ℃, and adding Al-Cu intermediate alloy; after the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is melted, heating the melt to 750 ℃, adding the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and stirring the melt for 5 min; after the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 725 ℃, and adding the Al-Y intermediate alloy; when the temperature is reduced to 710 ℃, pure Zn and Mg are added; then the temperature of the melt is increased to 740 ℃, and the melt is stirred for 10 min; then skimming off the floating slag on the surface, and standing for 16 min; when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 730 ℃, pouring to obtain an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy;
B. homogenizing: and B, homogenizing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A, wherein the homogenizing treatment is a two-stage homogenizing treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: heating the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A to 420 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, then continuously heating to 480 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and cooling along with the furnace;
C. thermoplastic deformation processing: and C, carrying out hot extrusion processing on the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy blank obtained in the step B, wherein the hot extrusion processing comprises the following specific operations: c, preserving the heat of the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step B at 450 ℃ for 2 hours, and then performing hot extrusion at the extrusion temperature of 450 ℃; the extrusion ratio was 60: 1;
D. solution treatment: and C, carrying out solution treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the thermoplastic deformation processing, wherein the solution treatment is two-stage solution treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: c, preserving the heat of the hot-extruded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step C for 1h at 458 ℃, then continuously heating to 490 ℃, preserving the heat for 1h, and performing water quenching at room temperature;
E. aging treatment: and D, carrying out aging treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment, which is obtained in the step D, wherein the aging treatment is multistage aging treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: and D, aging the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment and obtained in the step D for 20h at 150 ℃, then heating to 200 ℃, preserving the heat for 20min, and then cooling to 150 ℃ for aging for 20 h.
EXAMPLE seven
An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 7.8% Zn, 2.2% Mg, 2.4% Cu, 0.15% Zr, 0.04% Ti, 0.2% Y, and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
A. casting: preparing an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy;
the specific operation for preparing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy is as follows: heating a resistance furnace to 510 ℃ according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy, and adding pure aluminum; after the pure Al is completely heated, heating the resistance furnace to 750 ℃, and completely melting the pure Al; cooling the melt to 710 ℃, and adding Al-Cu intermediate alloy; after the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is melted, heating the melt to 750 ℃, adding the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and stirring the melt for 5 min; after the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 725 ℃, and adding the Al-Y intermediate alloy; when the temperature is reduced to 710 ℃, pure Zn and Mg are added; then the temperature of the melt is increased to 740 ℃, and the melt is stirred for 10 min; then skimming off the floating slag on the surface, and standing for 16 min; when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 730 ℃, pouring to obtain an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy;
B. homogenizing: and C, homogenizing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A, wherein the homogenizing treatment is a two-stage homogenizing treatment, and the concrete operations are as follows: heating the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A to 420 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, then continuously heating to 480 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and cooling along with the furnace;
C. and (3) thermoplastic deformation processing: and C, performing equal channel angular extrusion processing on the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy blank obtained in the step B, wherein the specific operation of the equal channel angular extrusion processing is as follows: c, preserving the heat of the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step B for 2 hours at 430 ℃, and then performing equal channel angular extrusion at the extrusion temperature of 430 ℃; extrusion path BCThe route is 4-8 times of extrusion pass.
D. Solution treatment: and C, carrying out solution treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the thermoplastic deformation processing, wherein the solution treatment is two-stage solution treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: c, preserving the heat of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the equal channel angular extrusion processing for 1h at 458 ℃, then continuously heating to 490 ℃, preserving the heat for 1h, and performing water quenching at room temperature;
E. aging treatment: and D, carrying out aging treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment, which is obtained in the step D, wherein the aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: and D, aging the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment for 30 hours at the temperature of 110 ℃.
Example eight
An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 5.92% Zn, 1.75% Mg, 1.89% Cu, 0.21% Zr, 0.06% Ti, 0.32% Y, and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
A. casting: preparing an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy;
the specific operation for preparing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy is as follows: heating a resistance furnace to 510 ℃ according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy, and adding pure aluminum; after the pure Al is completely heated, heating the resistance furnace to 750 ℃, and completely melting the pure Al; cooling the melt to 710 ℃, and adding Al-Cu intermediate alloy; after the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is melted, heating the melt to 750 ℃, adding the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and stirring the melt for 5 min; after the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 725 ℃, and adding the Al-Y intermediate alloy; when the temperature is reduced to 710 ℃, pure Zn and Mg are added; then the temperature of the melt is increased to 740 ℃, and the melt is stirred for 10 min; then skimming off the floating slag on the surface, and standing for 16 min; when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 730 ℃, pouring to obtain an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy;
B. homogenizing: and C, homogenizing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A, wherein the homogenizing treatment is a two-stage homogenizing treatment, and the concrete operations are as follows: heating the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A to 420 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, then continuously heating to 480 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and cooling along with the furnace;
C. and (3) thermoplastic deformation processing: and C, performing reciprocating extrusion processing on the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy blank obtained in the step B, wherein the reciprocating extrusion processing comprises the following specific operations: and D, preserving the heat of the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step B at 380 ℃ for 2 hours, and performing reciprocating extrusion processing at the reciprocating extrusion temperature of 380 ℃ for 4-8 times.
D. Solution treatment: and C, carrying out solution treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the thermoplastic deformation processing, wherein the solution treatment is two-stage solution treatment, and the specific operation is as follows: c, preserving the heat of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the equal channel angular extrusion processing for 1h at 458 ℃, then continuously heating to 490 ℃, preserving the heat for 1h, and performing water quenching at room temperature;
E. aging treatment: and D, carrying out aging treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment, which is obtained in the step D, wherein the aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: and D, aging the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment and obtained in the step D for 20 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of an ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 5.8-7.8% of Zn, 1.5-2.2% of Mg, 1.6-2.4% of Cu, 0.15-0.3% of Zr, 0.04-0.12% of Ti, 0.2-0.45% of Y and the balance of Al, and the preparation steps are as follows:
A. casting: preparing an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy;
B. homogenizing: homogenizing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy prepared in the step A; the homogenization treatment is two-stage homogenization treatment, which comprises the specific operation of preserving heat for 8-20h at the temperature of 380-;
C. and (3) thermoplastic deformation processing: carrying out thermoplastic deformation processing on the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy blank obtained in the step B, wherein the temperature of the thermoplastic deformation processing is 380-450 ℃;
D. solution treatment: c, carrying out solution treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the thermoplastic deformation processing; the solid solution treatment is two-stage solid solution treatment, and the specific operation is that the temperature is kept for 1-4h at the temperature of 430-;
E. aging treatment:
carrying out aging treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment obtained in the step D; wherein the aging treatment temperature of the aging treatment is 110-150 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 20-30 h;
or, carrying out multi-stage aging treatment on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy subjected to the solution treatment obtained in the step D, specifically, aging at the temperature of 110-plus-material 150 ℃ for 20-30h, then heating to the temperature of 170-plus-material 200 ℃ and preserving the heat for 20-60min, and then cooling to the temperature of 110-plus-material 150 ℃ and aging for 20-30 h.
2. The method for preparing the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 5.92-6.47% of Zn, 1.59-1.75% of Mg, 1.89-1.90% of Cu, 0.21-0.28% of Zr, 0.06-0.09% of Ti, 0.22-0.32% of Y and the balance of Al.
3. The method for preparing the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 6.47% Zn, 1.7% Mg, 1.9% Cu, 0.24% Zr, 0.07% Ti, 0.27% Y, and the balance Al.
4. The method for preparing the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific method for preparing the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy in the step A comprises the following steps: heating the resistance furnace to 480-510 ℃ according to the mass percentage of each chemical element in the alloy, and adding pure aluminum; after the pure Al is completely heated, heating the resistance furnace to the temperature of 720-750 ℃, and completely melting the pure Al; cooling the melt to 680-710 ℃, and adding Al-Cu intermediate alloy; after the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is melted, the temperature of the melt is raised to 730-750 ℃, the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy is added, and the melt is stirred for 3-5 min; after the Al-Zr and Al-Ti intermediate alloy is melted, reducing the temperature of the melt to 710-725 ℃, and adding the Al-Y intermediate alloy; when the temperature is reduced to 690 and 710 ℃, pure Zn and Mg are added; then the temperature of the melt is raised to 720-740 ℃, and the mixture is stirred for 5-10 min; then skimming off the scum on the surface, and standing for 10-20 min; when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 710-730 ℃.
5. The method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: the thermoplastic deformation processing is hot extrusion processing, and the hot extrusion processing comprises the following specific operations: c, preserving the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step B at the temperature of 400-450 ℃ for 2-4h, and then performing hot extrusion at the extrusion temperature of 400-450 ℃; the extrusion ratio is 9-60: 1.
6. the method for preparing the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hot extrusion processing comprises the following specific operations: c, preserving the heat of the homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Ti-Y alloy obtained in the step B for 4 hours at the temperature of 420 ℃, and then performing hot extrusion at the extrusion temperature of 420 ℃; the extrusion ratio was 32: 1.
7. the method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein:
the homogenization treatment in the step B is double-stage homogenization treatment, and the specific operation is that the temperature is kept for 12 hours at 400 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 24 hours after the temperature is heated to 465 ℃, and the furnace cooling is carried out;
d, performing two-stage solution treatment, wherein the specific operation is to keep the temperature at 450 ℃ for 1.5h, then continuously heating to 470 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 2h, and performing water quenching at room temperature;
and the aging treatment in the step E is multistage aging treatment, and the specific operation is aging at 120 ℃ for 24h, then heating to 190 ℃ and preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling to 120 ℃ and aging for 24 h.
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