CN111057820B - Efficient annealing method for improving comprehensive performance of iron-based amorphous alloy iron core - Google Patents
Efficient annealing method for improving comprehensive performance of iron-based amorphous alloy iron core Download PDFInfo
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- CN111057820B CN111057820B CN201911198177.6A CN201911198177A CN111057820B CN 111057820 B CN111057820 B CN 111057820B CN 201911198177 A CN201911198177 A CN 201911198177A CN 111057820 B CN111057820 B CN 111057820B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/44—Methods of heating in heat-treatment baths
- C21D1/50—Oil baths
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/03—Amorphous or microcrystalline structure
Abstract
The invention provides a high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of an iron-based amorphous alloy iron core. The method comprises the steps of insulating an iron-based amorphous alloy iron core for 20-90 minutes at 100-200 ℃ in an oil bath mode, and annealing at low temperature; and after the low-temperature annealing is finished, the heat treatment oil is led out of the annealing furnace, the temperature is raised to 300-400 ℃, the heat is preserved for 20-90 minutes, and the high-temperature annealing is carried out. The invention utilizes the high-efficiency heat conduction effect of the heat treatment oil, can shorten or eliminate the temperature rise process, quickly homogenize the internal temperature of the iron core, effectively improve the heat treatment efficiency of the iron-based amorphous alloy, and improve the magnetic property of the material without reducing the mechanical property of the material, thereby obtaining the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core with excellent comprehensive properties; meanwhile, the heat treatment oil can be recycled, so that the heating time and the energy consumption are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing of amorphous transformer cores, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency annealing method for improving comprehensive performance of an iron-based amorphous alloy core.
Background
The amorphous alloy is a functional material prepared by utilizing a rapid solidification technology, is thermodynamically in a metastable state, and does not have defects such as grain boundaries, dislocations, slip planes and the like in crystals in a microstructure. The Fe-based amorphous alloy has excellent soft magnetic properties, such as lower coercive force, high saturation magnetic induction, high effective magnetic conductivity and low iron loss. The loss of the iron-based amorphous transformer iron core manufactured by the method is obviously lower than that of a silicon steel transformer iron core, and the energy conservation and emission reduction can be effectively realized.
The production process flow of the iron-based amorphous alloy transformer iron core mainly comprises the following steps: shearing an amorphous strip, forming an amorphous iron core, carrying out heat treatment, carrying out intermediate test and curing. Because the amorphous alloy strip will generate extremely large internal stress during extremely fast cooling, this internal stress will generate large stress magnetic anisotropy in the ferromagnetic alloy strip through the magneto-elastic coupling effect. The stress magnetic anisotropy plays a main role in the magnetic domain structure and the magnetization process of the amorphous alloy and has an important influence on the magnetic performance of the alloy. Therefore, the formed amorphous iron core needs to be subjected to heat treatment to eliminate internal stress as much as possible and improve the magnetic performance of the iron core.
The iron-based amorphous alloy transformer iron core produced in the actual industry has light weight of dozens of kilograms, and even can reach more than two hundred kilograms. Heating of the core is difficult to achieve uniformity quickly due to the weight, size and furnace configuration of the core, and over-or under-annealing may occur in some sections. Therefore, in order to ensure the temperature of the inner part and the edge part of the iron core to be consistent in the actual production process, the temperature needs to be kept for a long time at a low temperature, and the whole heat treatment process can reach more than 5 hours. The Chinese patent ZL200910104409.7 discloses a method for manufacturing an amorphous alloy iron core, the annealing temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the annealing time is 7-8 hours. Practical production and related technical literature indicate that the iron-based amorphous alloy generates annealing brittleness along with the increase of annealing time. This is because the microstructure of an amorphous alloy is transformed to a more stable state after annealing the alloy for a period of time at a certain temperature, and a phenomenon specific to such an amorphous alloy is called structural relaxation. The soft magnetic property and the mechanical property of the amorphous alloy change in the process of structural relaxation. The Chinese patent ZL98803923.0 discloses a ferromagnetic amorphous metal alloy and an annealing method thereof, annealing is carried out at 355 ℃ by adopting different soaking times, the basic annealing heat preservation time with the minimum power loss is about 20 minutes, and the excitation rate of an iron core is obviously reduced along with the increase of the heat preservation time. It can be seen that the soft magnetic property of the material is gradually reduced along with the increase of the holding time, and the embrittlement degree after annealing is also gradually increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of an iron-based amorphous alloy iron core, which can shorten or even cancel a heat preservation step, realize the rapid and uniform temperature rise to the heat preservation temperature during the annealing of the iron core, ensure the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core to obtain the optimal magnetic performance after annealing, simultaneously ensure that the brittleness of the material is not remarkably increased, realize the balance of the magnetic performance and the mechanical performance of the material and obtain a product with excellent comprehensive performance.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an efficient annealing method for improving comprehensive performance of an iron-based amorphous alloy iron core comprises the following steps:
A. charging: placing the product into an oil bath 102 in an annealing furnace 103;
B. low-temperature annealing: preserving the heat of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core for 20-90 minutes at 100-200 ℃ by adopting a high-temperature oil bath mode;
C. high-temperature annealing: after the low-temperature annealing stage is finished, the heat treatment oil is led out of the annealing furnace 103, the temperature of the annealing furnace is raised to 300-400 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20-90 minutes;
D. and cooling to room temperature and taking out the product.
In the step B, the heat treatment oil is heated and insulated through an oil bath circulating device 105, the heat treatment oil heated to 100-200 ℃ is introduced into an oil pool 102 in the annealing furnace through an oil inlet pipe 106, the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is immersed in the heat treatment oil, and after the heat preservation time is reached, the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is led out to the oil bath circulating device 105 through an oil outlet pipe 104 for heat preservation.
In step C, further comprising magnetic field heat treatment: and opening the magnetizing device at the beginning of high-temperature heat preservation, and carrying out magnetic field heat treatment on the iron core, wherein the magnetic field of the magnetizing device is generated by 100-1000A of current.
In the step D, the cooling mode is selected from one of air cooling, furnace cooling and gas quenching.
The heat treatment oil is selected from one of annealing oil, high-temperature quenching oil, tempering oil or silicone oil.
The ignition point of the heat treatment oil is higher than the low-temperature heat preservation temperature and lower than the high-temperature heat preservation temperature.
In step C, the residual heat treatment oil on the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is heated and then volatilized and decomposed.
In the step C, the exported heat treatment oil is purified, stored in a heat preservation way, and kept at the heating temperature for multiple times of recycling.
The weight of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is 20-300 kilograms.
An efficient annealing method for improving comprehensive performance of an iron-based amorphous alloy iron core comprises the following steps:
A1. charging: placing the product into an oil bath 102 in an annealing furnace 103;
B1. oil bath heat preservation: preserving heat of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core at 200-400 ℃ for 30-120 minutes in a high-temperature oil bath mode;
C1. high-temperature oil removal: after the temperature rise of the oil bath is finished, leading the heat treatment oil out of the annealing furnace 103, raising the temperature of the annealing furnace to 300-420 ℃, and preserving the heat for 5-10 minutes;
D1. and after the heat preservation time is reached, cooling to room temperature and taking out the product.
In the step B1, the heat treatment oil is heated and preserved through the oil bath circulating device 105, the heat treatment oil heated to 200-400 ℃ is introduced into the oil pool 102 in the annealing furnace through the oil inlet pipe 106, the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is immersed in the heat treatment oil for preserving heat, and the heat treatment oil is led out to the oil bath circulating device through the oil outlet pipe 104 for preserving heat after reaching the heat preservation time.
In step C1, further comprising magnetic field heat treatment: and opening the magnetizing device at the beginning of high-temperature heat preservation, and carrying out magnetic field heat treatment on the iron core, wherein the magnetic field of the magnetizing device is generated by 100-1000A of current.
In step D1, the cooling method is selected from one of air cooling, furnace cooling and gas quenching.
In step C1, the heat treatment oil remaining on the iron-based amorphous alloy core is heated and then volatilized and decomposed.
The weight of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is 20-300 kilograms.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the invention selects high-temperature oils such as high-temperature quenching oil, tempering oil, silicone oil, annealing oil and the like as the oil for the low-temperature heat preservation stage of heat treatment, utilizes the characteristic that the heat conduction efficiency of oil substances is far higher than that of gas, effectively improves the heating rate, ensures that the internal and external temperatures of the iron core are rapidly consistent, and improves the heat treatment efficiency.
The conventional annealing process comprises the steps of heating, heat preservation and cooling, and the invention basically cancels the heating process, namely, oil which is preheated to a certain temperature is directly added into an oil pool to heat the product, thereby realizing the rapid heating, heating and heat preservation of the product. And after the low-temperature annealing is finished, performing high-temperature heating and heat preservation.
The heat treatment oil selected by the invention can be recycled, and is particularly suitable for large-scale industrial production. Because the heat treatment oil can be kept at a specific temperature for cyclic use all the time, the energy and time required for repeatedly heating from low temperature to high temperature are reduced, and the beneficial effects of high efficiency and energy conservation are achieved.
The heat treatment oil selected by the invention can be volatilized and decomposed at the temperature of 300-400 ℃, so that the heat treatment oil is prevented from being attached to the surface of an iron core, and the subsequent work is not influenced.
The heat treatment oil completely immerses the amorphous iron core in the low-temperature annealing stage, so that the amorphous iron core can be effectively prevented from being oxidized in the process.
The invention can also cancel low-temperature heat preservation, directly heat the heat treatment oil to the high-temperature heat preservation temperature, immerse the product in the high-temperature heat treatment oil, and carry out annealing treatment at the temperature of 200-.
By combining the effects, the method can effectively improve the heat treatment efficiency of the iron-based amorphous alloy, and does not reduce the mechanical property of the material while improving the magnetic property of the material, thereby obtaining the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core with excellent comprehensive properties.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of an iron-based amorphous alloy iron core.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
101 annealing furnace door, 102 oil pool, 103 annealing furnace, oil outlet pipe 104, oil bath circulating device 105 and oil inlet pipe 106
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, equivalents and alternatives which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
A high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of an iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is characterized in that an iron-based amorphous alloy is subjected to heat preservation for 20-90 minutes at a low temperature stage (100-200 ℃) by adopting an oil bath mode in the heat treatment process of the amorphous alloy iron core, so that the internal and external temperatures of the iron core are rapidly consistent. Namely: the method of adopting an oil bath during heat treatment means that the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is immersed in oil (100-200 ℃) heated to a certain temperature, and high-temperature quenching oil, tempering oil, silicone oil and the like are preferred.
The existing heat treatment process of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core generally adopts a vacuum environment or a nitrogen atmosphere, the heat conduction is carried out by using heat radiation or gas as a heat medium, and the heat conduction efficiency is higher by using oil as a medium. Therefore, the heating rate can be effectively improved by adopting an oil bath mode, the heat treatment efficiency is improved, and the temperature in the iron core and the temperature at the edge part can be quickly homogenized.
And after the low-temperature heat preservation stage is finished, the heat treatment oil is led out of the annealing furnace, and the annealing furnace starts to be heated to a high temperature (300-400 ℃) and is subjected to heat preservation for 20-90 minutes.
And a magnetic field can be applied to the amorphous alloy iron core to carry out magnetic field heat treatment in the high-temperature heat preservation process. After the heat preservation is finished, cooling can be carried out by air cooling, furnace cooling, gas quenching and the like.
Because the ignition point of the heat treatment oil is lower than the high temperature, the oil attached to the surface of the iron core can be completely volatilized after the temperature is raised to the high temperature, and the volatilized gas can be discharged only after being subjected to environment-friendly treatment.
Example 1
An iron core with the model of SBH15-M-400/10 is manufactured by adopting an iron-based amorphous strip with the national standard number of 1K101, and the iron core is subjected to the following heat treatment:
a. charging: putting the product into an annealing furnace 103, putting the product into an empty oil pool 102 and putting the product in order;
b. low-temperature heat preservation: closing an annealing furnace door 101, checking that the annealing furnace is sealed completely, controlling an oil inlet pipe 106 by an oil bath circulating device 105 to introduce No. 1 tempering oil (commercial product) heated to 150 ℃ into an oil pool 102, and carrying out low-temperature heat preservation on the product for 30 minutes to homogenize the temperature of the inner part and the edge part of the iron core;
c. high-temperature heat preservation: after the low-temperature heat preservation is finished, firstly, the oil removing pipe 104 is controlled by the oil bath circulating device 105 to lead out No. 1 tempering oil in the oil bath, then the temperature is raised to 390 ℃ at the heating speed of 10 ℃/min, and the heat preservation is carried out for 40 min;
d. and (3) cooling: and after the heat preservation stage is finished, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, and taking out the product.
When the amorphous iron core product prepared by the method is tested, the brittleness of the material is not deteriorated after annealing, and the iron loss is 0.34VA/kg under the test conditions of 1.35T and 50 Hz.
Example 2
An iron core with the model of SBH15-M-400/10 is manufactured by adopting an iron-based amorphous strip with the national standard number of 1K101, and the iron core is subjected to the following heat treatment:
a. charging: putting the product into an annealing furnace with a magnetizing device, and putting the product in an empty oil pool in order;
b. low-temperature heat preservation: after the annealing furnace is checked to be sealed completely, 1 # tempering oil heated to 150 ℃ is introduced into the oil pool, and the product is subjected to low-temperature heat preservation for 30 minutes to homogenize the temperature of the inner part and the edge part of the iron core;
c. high-temperature heat preservation: after the low-temperature heat preservation is finished, firstly leading out No. 1 tempering oil in the oil pool, raising the temperature to 390 ℃ at the heating speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 40 min;
d. magnetic field heat treatment: after the high-temperature heat preservation starts for 10 minutes, a magnetizing device (the magnetic field intensity is 1500A/m) is opened, and the product is subjected to magnetic field heat treatment;
e. and (3) cooling: and after the heat preservation stage is finished, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, and taking out the product.
When the amorphous iron core product prepared by the method is tested, the brittleness of the material is not deteriorated after annealing, and the iron loss is 0.15VA/kg under the test conditions of 1.35T and 50 Hz.
Claims (15)
1. A high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of an iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
A. charging: putting the product into an oil pool (102) which is hollow in an annealing furnace (103);
B. low-temperature annealing: heating and insulating the heat treatment oil by an oil bath circulating device (105), introducing the heat treatment oil heated to 100-200 ℃ into an oil pool (102) which is hollow in the annealing furnace through an oil inlet pipe (106), immersing the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core in the heat treatment oil, and insulating for 20-90 minutes;
C. high-temperature annealing: after the low-temperature annealing stage is finished, the heat treatment oil is led out of the annealing furnace (103), the temperature of the annealing furnace is raised to 300-400 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20-90 minutes;
D. and cooling to room temperature and taking out the product.
2. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step B, the heat treatment oil is led out to an oil bath circulation device (105) through an oil outlet pipe (104) and kept warm.
3. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step C, further comprising magnetic field heat treatment: and opening the magnetizing device at the beginning of high-temperature heat preservation, and carrying out magnetic field heat treatment on the iron core, wherein the magnetic field of the magnetizing device is generated by 100-1000A of current.
4. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step D, the cooling mode is selected from one of air cooling, furnace cooling and gas quenching.
5. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the heat treatment oil is selected from one of annealing oil, high-temperature quenching oil, tempering oil or silicone oil.
6. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the ignition point of the heat treatment oil is higher than the low-temperature heat preservation temperature and lower than the high-temperature heat preservation temperature.
7. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 3, characterized in that:
in step C, the residual heat treatment oil on the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is heated and then volatilized and decomposed.
8. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step C, the exported heat treatment oil is purified, stored in a heat preservation way, and kept at the heating temperature for multiple times of recycling.
9. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the weight of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is 20-300 kilograms.
10. A high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of an iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
A1. charging: putting the product into an oil pool (102) which is hollow in an annealing furnace (103);
B1. oil bath heat preservation: heating and insulating the heat treatment oil by an oil bath circulating device (105), introducing the heat treatment oil heated to 200-400 ℃ into an oil pool (102) which is hollow in the annealing furnace through an oil inlet pipe (106), immersing the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core in the heat treatment oil, and insulating for 30-120 minutes;
C1. high-temperature oil removal: after the temperature rise of the oil bath is finished, leading the heat treatment oil out of an annealing furnace (103), raising the temperature of the annealing furnace to 300-420 ℃, and preserving the heat for 5-10 minutes;
D1. and after the heat preservation time is reached, cooling to room temperature and taking out the product.
11. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 10, characterized in that:
in step B1, the heat-treated oil is led out to the oil bath circulation device through the oil outlet pipe (104) and kept warm.
12. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 10, characterized in that:
in step C1, further comprising magnetic field heat treatment: and opening the magnetizing device at the beginning of high-temperature heat preservation, and carrying out magnetic field heat treatment on the iron core, wherein the magnetic field of the magnetizing device is generated by 100-1000A of current.
13. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 10, characterized in that:
in step D1, the cooling method is selected from one of air cooling, furnace cooling and gas quenching.
14. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 10, characterized in that:
in step C1, the heat treatment oil remaining on the iron-based amorphous alloy core is heated and then volatilized and decomposed.
15. The high-efficiency annealing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core according to claim 10, characterized in that:
the weight of the iron-based amorphous alloy iron core is 20-300 kilograms.
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