CN111048809A - Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell intelligent power generation system based on straw ethanol fermentation and reforming to hydrogen - Google Patents
Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell intelligent power generation system based on straw ethanol fermentation and reforming to hydrogen Download PDFInfo
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- CN111048809A CN111048809A CN201911278926.6A CN201911278926A CN111048809A CN 111048809 A CN111048809 A CN 111048809A CN 201911278926 A CN201911278926 A CN 201911278926A CN 111048809 A CN111048809 A CN 111048809A
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 328
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001666 catalytic steam reforming of ethanol Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
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- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于秸秆乙醇发酵重整制氢气的氢氧燃料电池智能发电系统，包括：秸秆乙醇发酵系统、乙醇重整制氢系统、氢氧燃料电池发电系统和中央控制系统，其中，所述秸秆乙醇发酵系统对秸秆进行厌氧发酵获得乙醇，所述乙醇重整制氢系统利用所述乙醇和水蒸气重整反应获得氢气，所述氢氧燃料电池发电系统利用所述氢气将化学能转化为电能，所述中央控制系统用于对秸秆乙醇发酵系统、乙醇重整制氢系统和氢氧燃料电池发电系统进行在线控制。该基于秸秆乙醇发酵重整制氢气的氢氧燃料电池智能发电系统可将秸秆等农业废弃物进行能源化利用，缓解能源紧张的现状，减少农业废弃物对环境的污染，减少CO2的排放。
The invention discloses a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell intelligent power generation system based on straw ethanol fermentation and reforming to produce hydrogen, comprising: a straw ethanol fermentation system, an ethanol reforming hydrogen production system, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system and a central control system, wherein, The straw ethanol fermentation system performs anaerobic fermentation of straw to obtain ethanol, the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system utilizes the ethanol and steam reforming to obtain hydrogen, and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system utilizes the hydrogen to convert chemical It can be converted into electric energy, and the central control system is used for online control of the straw ethanol fermentation system, the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell intelligent power generation system based on ethanol fermentation and reforming of straw to produce hydrogen can make energy utilization of agricultural wastes such as straws, alleviate the current situation of energy shortage, reduce the pollution of agricultural wastes to the environment, and reduce the emission of CO 2 .
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biomass anaerobic fermentation, and particularly provides an intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for preparing hydrogen based on straw ethanol fermentation and reforming.
Background
China is a big agricultural country, and the agricultural production can generate abundant straw biomass every year. At present, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the straws is low, and the straws are mainly concentrated on the aspects of fertilizer production, fuel production and feed production. With the development of economic society, the traditional utilization mode of the straws is gradually reduced, the straw resources are in a serious and relatively surplus state, and the open-air burning events of the straws are frequent, so that not only is the resource waste caused, but also great pressure is brought to the ecological environment, and therefore, a new way for utilizing the straws is urgently sought. The straws can be converted into fuel ethanol with a certain concentration by an ethanol fermentation technology, the straws are cheap and easy to obtain, and the production cost of the fuel ethanol can be reduced in a certain range. Therefore, the method has important significance for protecting the ecological environment and provides guarantee for sustainable development strategy.
The biomass ethanol reforming technology can prepare hydrogen, and ethanol can be obtained from renewable resources such as straw biomass and the like. Carbon dioxide released in the process of preparing hydrogen by reforming ethanol is converted into utilizable biomass by plants through photosynthesis, so that zero emission of carbon dioxide is realized, and a closed virtuous cycle of carbon is realized.
The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is a power generation device for converting chemical energy stored in fuel into electric energy, the working process of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell does not involve combustion, is not limited by Carnot cycle, has high energy conversion rate, and the product is clean and pollution-free, and has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, environmental protection and the like. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell can continuously generate electric energy continuously only by continuously supplying hydrogen. Therefore, how to reasonably utilize a large amount of crop straws in remote areas to convert the crop straws into the electric energy of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and further to realize the cheapness and the civilization of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention aims to provide an intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for producing hydrogen by straw ethanol fermentation and reforming, so as to solve the problem that crop straws are not effectively utilized and can not be intelligently converted into electric energy.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: an intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system based on hydrogen production by straw ethanol fermentation and reforming comprises: the system comprises a straw ethanol fermentation system, an ethanol reforming hydrogen production system, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system and a central control system, wherein the straw ethanol fermentation system carries out anaerobic fermentation on straws to obtain ethanol, the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system utilizes the ethanol and steam reforming reaction to obtain hydrogen, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system utilizes the hydrogen to convert chemical energy into electric energy, and the central control system is used for carrying out online control on the straw ethanol fermentation system, the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system.
Preferably, the straw ethanol fermentation system comprises a raw material pretreatment system, a constant-temperature ethanol fermentation reactor, a straw ethanol fermentation broth collection device, an ethanol automatic purification and separation device and an online ethanol concentration analyzer, wherein the raw material pretreatment system is used for carrying out acidification treatment on crushed straws, the constant-temperature ethanol fermentation reactor is used for carrying out constant-temperature fermentation on the pretreated straws to obtain straw ethanol fermentation broth and temporarily storing the straw ethanol fermentation broth into the straw ethanol fermentation broth collection device, the ethanol automatic purification and separation device is used for carrying out purification and separation on the obtained straw ethanol fermentation broth to obtain ethanol with a specified concentration, the online ethanol concentration analyzer is used for carrying out online analysis on the concentration of the ethanol solution and reporting the concentration to the central control system, and the central controller controls the ethanol solution to return to the ethanol automatic purification and separation device again for purification and separation according to the obtained ethanol concentration information, until the ethanol concentration reaches the specified concentration.
Further preferably, the method for obtaining the ethanol by performing anaerobic fermentation on the straws by using the straw ethanol fermentation system specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: crushing the straws to 2-3cm in length, and carrying out acidification treatment;
(2) activation of saccharomyces cerevisiae: dissolving glucose in deionized water, adding high-activity dry yeast, shaking, sealing with air-permeable sealing film, standing in constant-temperature biochemical incubator at 37 deg.C, and activating;
(3) fermenting the pretreated straws at constant temperature: adding the pretreated straws into a constant-temperature ethanol fermentation reactor, adjusting the pH value of fermentation liquor in the reactor to 5.0-6.0, then adding cellulase into the fermentation liquor, finally adding activated yeast into the reactor, and fermenting at constant temperature of 37 +/-0.2 ℃ to obtain straw ethanol fermentation liquor, wherein the mass ratio of the treated straws, the cellulase and the activated yeast is 100:0.5-1: 0.5-1;
(4) purifying and separating fermentation liquor: separating the straw ethanol fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3), and discharging excessive water and impurities in the fermentation liquor to obtain ethanol with the concentration of more than 95%.
Further preferably, in the step (1), 2% sulfuric acid solution is used for carrying out acidification treatment on the straws at the temperature of 100-110 ℃, and the acidification time is 30-50 minutes; in the step (2), standing for 3-4 hours; in the step (3), the pH of the fermentation liquor is regulated by using 1.1-1.5% sulfuric acid, and the temperature and the pH are respectively detected by a temperature sensor and a pH on-line regulator and regulated by a central control system.
Preferably, the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system comprises an ethanol steam reforming reactor, an automatic gas purification and separation device and a hydrogen concentration analyzer, wherein ethanol with the specified concentration obtained by a straw ethanol fermentation system is introduced into the ethanol steam reforming reactor and undergoes a steam reforming reaction, the gas obtained by the reaction is separated from the impurity gas by the automatic gas purification and separation device, the hydrogen concentration analyzer is connected with the central control system and is used for detecting the concentration of the separated hydrogen and reporting the concentration, and the central control system is used for controlling the hydrogen to return to the gas purification and separation device for secondary purification and separation according to the received hydrogen concentration information until the hydrogen with the specified concentration is obtained.
Further preferably, the hydrogen production system by ethanol reforming utilizes the ethanol and steam reforming reaction to obtain hydrogen, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) an ethanol steam reforming reactor is utilized to carry out steam reforming reaction on the ethanol obtained by the straw ethanol fermentation system to generate gases such as hydrogen and the like;
(2) and (2) purifying and separating the hydrogen and impurity gases from the gas generated in the step (1), wherein in the purification and separation process, a hydrogen concentration analyzer is used for analyzing the hydrogen concentration on line, and if the hydrogen concentration is lower than 95%, secondary purification and separation is carried out until the hydrogen concentration is higher than 95%.
Further preferably, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system comprises a first mass flow meter, a second mass flow meter and a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein hydrogen obtained by the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system is quantitatively and stably introduced into the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell through the first mass flow meter as a reducing agent, air is quantitatively and stably introduced into the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell through the second mass flow meter as an oxidizing agent, a closed loop is formed inside the hydrogen fuel cell, and chemical energy is converted into electric energy.
Further preferably, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system further comprises a cooling reflux system for reducing the internal temperature of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell by circulating cooling of water.
Further preferably, the intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for producing hydrogen by straw ethanol fermentation and reforming also comprises an intelligent regulation and control system for distributing the electric energy generated by the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system.
The intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for preparing hydrogen based on straw ethanol fermentation and reformation, provided by the invention, combines hydrogen prepared by ethanol reformation generated by straw anaerobic fermentation with a fuel cell to supply hydrogen to the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, can convert waste straw into electric energy in an environment-friendly and safe manner, not only can improve the utilization efficiency of corn straw, but also can solve the problem of hydrogen supply limiting the development of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, can promote the development of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation technology, and can realize cheapness and civilization.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system based on hydrogen production by straw ethanol fermentation and reforming, provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a straw ethanol fermentation system;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a system for reforming ethanol to produce hydrogen;
FIG. 4 is a reaction schematic diagram of another configuration of an ethanol reforming hydrogen production system;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the construction of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the operation of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell intelligent power generation system based on the hydrogen production by straw ethanol fermentation and reforming provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to specific embodiments, without limiting the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides an intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system based on hydrogen production by straw ethanol fermentation and reforming, which comprises: the system comprises a straw ethanol fermentation system 1, an ethanol reforming hydrogen production system 2, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system 3 and a central control system 4, wherein the straw ethanol fermentation system 1 carries out anaerobic fermentation on straws to obtain ethanol, the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system 2 obtains hydrogen by utilizing the ethanol and steam reforming reaction, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system 3 converts chemical energy into electric energy by utilizing the hydrogen, and the central control system 4 is used for carrying out online control on the straw ethanol fermentation system 1, the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system 2 and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system 3.
The intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for preparing hydrogen by straw ethanol fermentation and reformation combines hydrogen prepared by ethanol reformation generated by straw anaerobic fermentation with a fuel cell to supply hydrogen for the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, can convert waste straws into electric energy in an environment-friendly and safe manner, can improve the utilization efficiency of corn straws, can solve the problem of hydrogen supply for limiting the development of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, can promote the development of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation technology, and realizes cheapness and civilization.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, as shown in fig. 2, the straw ethanol fermentation system 1 includes a raw material pretreatment system 11, a constant temperature ethanol fermentation reactor 12, a straw ethanol fermentation broth collection device 13, an ethanol automatic purification and separation device 14, and an online ethanol concentration analyzer 15, wherein the raw material pretreatment system 11 is configured to perform an acidification treatment on crushed straws, the constant temperature ethanol fermentation reactor 12 is configured to perform a constant temperature fermentation on the pretreated straws to obtain a straw ethanol fermentation broth, and temporarily store the straw ethanol fermentation broth into the straw ethanol fermentation broth collection device 13, wherein a temperature in the straw ethanol fermentation broth collection device 13 is preferably 15 ℃, the ethanol automatic purification and separation device 14 is configured to perform a purification separation on the obtained straw ethanol fermentation broth to obtain ethanol reaching a specified concentration, and the online ethanol concentration analyzer 15 is configured to analyze a concentration of the ethanol solution on line and report the concentration to the central control system 4, and the central controller 4 controls the ethanol solution to return to the ethanol automatic purification and separation device 14 again for purification and separation again according to the obtained ethanol concentration information until the ethanol concentration reaches the specified concentration.
As shown in fig. 6, the anaerobic fermentation of straw to obtain ethanol by the straw ethanol fermentation system specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: crushing the straws to 2-3cm in length, and carrying out acidification treatment;
(2) activation of saccharomyces cerevisiae: dissolving glucose in deionized water, adding high-activity dry yeast, shaking, sealing with air-permeable sealing film, standing in constant-temperature biochemical incubator at 37 deg.C, and activating;
(3) fermenting the pretreated straws at constant temperature: adding the pretreated straws into a constant-temperature ethanol fermentation reactor, adjusting the pH value of fermentation liquor in the reactor to 5.0-6.0, then adding cellulase into the fermentation liquor, finally adding activated yeast into the reactor, and fermenting at constant temperature of 37 +/-0.2 ℃ to obtain straw ethanol fermentation liquor, wherein the mass ratio of the treated straws, the cellulase and the activated yeast is 100:0.5-1: 0.5-1;
(4) purifying and separating fermentation liquor: separating the straw ethanol fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3), and discharging excessive water and impurities in the fermentation liquor to obtain ethanol with the concentration of more than 95%.
Further preferably, in the step (1), 2% sulfuric acid solution is used for carrying out acidification treatment on the straws at the temperature of 100-110 ℃, wherein the acidification time is 30-50 minutes, and preferably 40 minutes; in the step (2), standing for 3-4 hours; in the step (3), the pH of the fermentation liquor is regulated by using 1.1-1.5% sulfuric acid, wherein the temperature and the pH are respectively detected by a temperature sensor and a pH on-line regulator and are regulated by a central control system.
As an improvement of the technical solution, as shown in fig. 3, the ethanol reforming hydrogen production 2 system includes an ethanol steam reforming reactor 21, an automatic gas purification and separation device 22 and a hydrogen concentration analyzer 23, wherein ethanol with a specified concentration obtained from the straw ethanol fermentation system 1 is introduced into the ethanol steam reforming reactor 21 to perform a steam reforming reaction, and the gas obtained from the reaction is processed by the automatic gas purification and separation device 22 to obtain hydrogen and impurity gases (CO, CH)4Etc.), the hydrogen concentration analyzer 23 is connected to the central control system 4 for detecting and reporting the concentration of the separated hydrogen, the central control system 4 is configured to control the hydrogen to return to the gas purification and separation device 22 for purification and separation again according to the received hydrogen concentration information until the hydrogen with the specified concentration is obtained, preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system 2 further includes an external heat supply system 24 connected to the central control system 4 for adjusting the reaction temperature of the ethanol steam reforming reactor 21, the temperature is preferably 300-The CO separated in unit 22 reacts with the steam to produce hydrogen and CO2The generated gas can be introduced into a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system 3 to be fully utilized, and CH separated by the gas automatic purification and separation device4May be used in an external heat supply system 24 in which excess hydrogen may be reintroduced into the ethanol steam reforming reactor 21.
As shown in fig. 6, the hydrogen production system by ethanol reforming utilizes the ethanol and steam reforming reaction to obtain hydrogen, which specifically includes the following steps:
(1) an ethanol steam reforming reactor is utilized to carry out steam reforming reaction on the ethanol obtained by the straw ethanol fermentation system to generate gases such as hydrogen and the like;
(2) and (2) purifying and separating the hydrogen and impurity gases from the gas generated in the step (1), wherein in the purification and separation process, a hydrogen concentration analyzer is used for analyzing the hydrogen concentration on line, and if the hydrogen concentration is lower than 95%, secondary purification and separation is carried out until the hydrogen concentration is higher than 95%.
As a modification of the technical solution, as shown in fig. 5, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system 3 includes a first mass flow meter 31, a second mass flow meter 32, and a hydrogen fuel cell 33, wherein hydrogen obtained from the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system 2 is quantitatively and stably introduced into the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 33 through the first mass flow meter 31 as a reducing agent, air is quantitatively and stably introduced into the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 33 through the second mass flow meter 32 as an oxidizing agent, and a closed loop is formed inside the hydrogen fuel cell 33 to convert chemical energy into electrical energy, specifically: when the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is in operation, oxygen is supplied to the anode, hydrogen is supplied to the cathode, and the hydrogen is decomposed into H under the action of the catalyst on the cathode+And an electron e-The hydrogen ions enter the electrolyte, the electrons move to the anode along an external circuit, the oxygen of the anode reacts with the hydrogen ions in the electrolyte to form water, and a closed loop is formed inside the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell to convert chemical energy into electric energy.
As shown in FIG. 5, in order to avoid the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell from being over-heated and affecting the normal operation, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system 3 further comprises a cooling reflux system 34 for reducing the internal temperature of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell by the circulating cooling of water.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, as shown in FIG. 6, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell intelligent power generation system based on straw ethanol fermentation reforming hydrogen production further comprises an intelligent regulation and control system, which is used for distributing electric energy generated by the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system, so that safe and orderly distribution of rural street lamps, household electricity, storage battery energy storage and system electricity utilization is realized.
The embodiments of the present invention have been written in a progressive manner with emphasis placed on the differences between the various embodiments, and similar elements may be found in relation to each other.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell intelligent power generation system based on straw ethanol fermentation reforming hydrogen production, which is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a straw ethanol fermentation system, an ethanol reforming hydrogen production system, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system and a central control system, wherein the straw ethanol fermentation system carries out anaerobic fermentation on straws to obtain ethanol, the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system utilizes the ethanol and steam reforming reaction to obtain hydrogen, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system utilizes the hydrogen to convert chemical energy into electric energy, and the central control system is used for carrying out online control on the straw ethanol fermentation system, the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system.
2. The intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for producing hydrogen based on straw ethanol fermentation and reforming as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the straw ethanol fermentation system comprises a raw material pretreatment system, a constant-temperature ethanol fermentation reactor, a straw ethanol fermentation broth collecting device, an ethanol automatic purification and separation device and an online ethanol concentration analyzer, wherein the raw material pretreatment system is used for acidizing the crushed straws, the constant-temperature ethanol fermentation reactor is used for performing constant-temperature fermentation on the pretreated straws to obtain straw ethanol fermentation broth and temporarily storing the straw ethanol fermentation broth into the straw ethanol fermentation broth collecting device, the ethanol automatic purification and separation device is used for performing purification and separation on the obtained straw ethanol fermentation broth to obtain ethanol with a specified concentration, the online ethanol concentration analyzer is used for analyzing the concentration of the ethanol solution on line and reporting the concentration to a central control system, and the central controller controls the ethanol solution to return to the ethanol automatic purification and separation device again for purification and separation again according to the obtained ethanol concentration information, until the ethanol concentration reaches the specified concentration.
3. The intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for producing hydrogen based on straw ethanol fermentation and reforming as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the method for obtaining the ethanol by performing anaerobic fermentation on the straws by the straw ethanol fermentation system specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: crushing the straws to 2-3cm in length, and carrying out acidification treatment;
(2) activation of saccharomyces cerevisiae: dissolving glucose in deionized water, adding high-activity dry yeast, shaking, sealing with air-permeable sealing film, standing in constant-temperature biochemical incubator at 37 deg.C, and activating;
(3) fermenting the pretreated straws at constant temperature: adding the pretreated straws into a constant-temperature ethanol fermentation reactor, adjusting the pH value of fermentation liquor in the reactor to 5.0-6.0, then adding cellulase into the fermentation liquor, finally adding activated yeast into the reactor, and fermenting at constant temperature of 37 +/-0.2 ℃ to obtain straw ethanol fermentation liquor, wherein the mass ratio of the treated straws, the cellulase and the activated yeast is 100:0.5-1: 0.5-1;
(4) purifying and separating fermentation liquor: separating the straw ethanol fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3), and discharging excessive water and impurities in the fermentation liquor to obtain ethanol with the concentration of more than 95%.
4. The intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for producing hydrogen based on straw ethanol fermentation and reforming as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step (1), 2% sulfuric acid solution is used for carrying out acidification treatment on the straws at the temperature of 100-110 ℃, and the acidification time is 30-50 minutes; in the step (2), standing for 3-4 hours; in the step (3), the pH of the fermentation liquor is regulated by using 1.1-1.5% sulfuric acid, and the temperature and the pH are respectively detected by a temperature sensor and a pH on-line regulator and regulated by a central control system.
5. The intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for producing hydrogen based on straw ethanol fermentation and reforming as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the system for preparing hydrogen by reforming ethanol comprises an ethanol steam reforming reactor, an automatic gas purification and separation device and a hydrogen concentration analyzer, wherein ethanol with specified concentration obtained by a straw ethanol fermentation system is introduced into the ethanol steam reforming reactor and undergoes a steam reforming reaction, the gas obtained by the reaction is separated from hydrogen and impurity gas by the automatic gas purification and separation device, the hydrogen concentration analyzer is connected with a central control system and is used for detecting and reporting the concentration of the separated hydrogen, and the central control system is used for controlling the hydrogen to return to the gas purification and separation device for secondary purification and separation according to the received hydrogen concentration information until the hydrogen with the specified concentration is obtained.
6. The intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for producing hydrogen based on straw ethanol fermentation and reforming as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system for obtaining hydrogen by utilizing the ethanol and steam reforming reaction specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) an ethanol steam reforming reactor is utilized to carry out steam reforming reaction on the ethanol obtained by the straw ethanol fermentation system to generate gases such as hydrogen and the like;
(2) and (2) purifying and separating the hydrogen and impurity gases from the gas generated in the step (1), wherein in the purification and separation process, a hydrogen concentration analyzer is used for analyzing the hydrogen concentration on line, and if the hydrogen concentration is lower than 95%, secondary purification and separation is carried out until the hydrogen concentration is higher than 95%.
7. The intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for producing hydrogen based on straw ethanol fermentation and reforming as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system comprises a first mass flow meter, a second mass flow meter and a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein hydrogen obtained by the ethanol reforming hydrogen production system is quantitatively and stably introduced into the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell through the first mass flow meter as a reducing agent, air is quantitatively and stably introduced into the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell through the second mass flow meter as an oxidizing agent, a closed loop is formed inside the hydrogen fuel cell, and chemical energy is converted into electric energy.
8. The intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for producing hydrogen based on straw ethanol fermentation and reforming as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system also comprises a cooling reflux system, and the internal temperature of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is reduced through the circulation cooling of water.
9. The intelligent hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system for producing hydrogen based on straw ethanol fermentation and reforming as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the intelligent control system is used for distributing the electric energy generated by the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system.
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