CN111047812B - Forest fire prevention monitoring device and monitoring method based on wireless sensor network - Google Patents
Forest fire prevention monitoring device and monitoring method based on wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forest fire prevention monitoring device based on a wireless sensor network, which comprises a plurality of clusters, sink nodes, a communication network and a remote monitoring center, wherein the cluster groups are connected with the sink nodes; the cluster group comprises cluster head nodes and monitoring nodes, the monitoring nodes are communicated with each other and transmit the collected forest environment information to the cluster head nodes, and the data information of the cluster head nodes is transmitted to the sink nodes through a communication network for fusion and is finally transmitted to the monitoring center; the monitoring center receives data and synchronizes environmental information and position information of a forest fire prevention monitoring area, and when the sensors detect that the smoke concentration and the air temperature and humidity exceed preset values, an alarm is sent out immediately; the wireless sensor network combining the directional antenna and the omnidirectional antenna can automatically form a forest fire prevention monitoring system, reduces the difficulty of manually arranging fixed monitoring points, and is more suitable for original forests with rare walks and extremely complex terrain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forest fire prevention, and particularly relates to a forest fire prevention monitoring device and method based on a wireless sensor network.
Background
Forests are natural resources on earth that cannot be replaced and occupy an important position in the survival and development of all mankind. If a fire disaster occurs, the fire disaster not only seriously affects the forestry construction and the ecological environment, but also seriously affects the economic construction development of a country and the permanent security of the society, endangers the life and property safety of human beings, and is not beneficial to the living and recreation industry of people and the permanent security of the country. The occurrence of forest fires has the characteristics of high outburst, quick spreading and difficulty in fighting fire, once dangerous situations occur, the forest fires are difficult to control, meanwhile, the area of the forest is huge, the terrain is complex, and the ignition position is difficult to judge. Therefore, a real-time and effective forest fire monitoring system is constructed, and real-time early warning of forest fires is particularly important.
Until now, the domestic forest fire prevention method generally adopts monitoring methods such as ground patrol, watchtower monitoring, aviation patrol, satellite remote sensing and the like. The ground patrol and watchtower monitoring needs professional watchmen with abundant experience to be responsible for monitoring a large area, and the professional watchers are limited by terrain, small in coverage area, low in efficiency, dead corners and blank areas. Aviation patrol and satellite remote sensing are subject to natural constraints and are very costly.
At present, a forest fire prevention monitoring mode mainly adopts the establishment of monitoring devices, the monitoring devices comprise monitoring centers arranged on monitoring points and a plurality of monitoring nodes installed in forests, the monitoring nodes are provided with wind direction sensors, soil moisture sensors, air temperature and humidity sensors and carbon dioxide sensors, and when the monitoring nodes monitor abnormal forest environment information, the information is transmitted to the monitoring centers through wireless transmission modes such as GPRS (general packet radio service) and the like, so that the function of preventing forest fires is achieved. But because the forest area is huge, the topography is complicated again, and it is extremely inconvenient to bury monitoring node. For the positioning of the monitoring node, the traditional monitoring system is a GPS satellite positioning system, the monitoring node also needs to determine the position information of the monitoring node through signals of the GPS satellite positioning system, the method has relatively long transmission time and high cost, and in addition, the problems of terminal hiding, multipath fading, shadow effect and the like easily occur due to complex and various terrains and more trees in a forest region, so that the problem of inaccurate node positioning is easily caused.
Therefore, a monitoring system which is convenient to deploy, simple in structure, convenient to maintain and capable of accurately positioning and transmitting forest dangerous cases in real time and rapidly needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a forest fire prevention monitoring device based on a wireless sensor network.
The invention further aims to provide a monitoring method of the forest fire prevention monitoring device based on the wireless sensor network.
In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the forest fire prevention monitoring device based on the wireless sensor network comprises a plurality of clusters, sink nodes, a communication network and a remote monitoring center; the cluster group comprises cluster head nodes and monitoring nodes, wherein the cluster head nodes are used for collecting environmental information collected by each monitoring node, the monitoring nodes are used for collecting environmental information such as wind direction, soil moisture, air temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and the like in a monitoring area, the monitoring nodes are communicated with one another and transmit the collected forest environmental information to the cluster head nodes, and data information of the cluster head nodes is transmitted to a sink node through a communication network for fusion and is finally transmitted to a monitoring center; the monitoring center receives data and synchronizes environmental information and position information of a forest fire prevention monitoring area, and when the sensors detect that the smoke concentration and the air temperature and humidity exceed preset values, an alarm is sent out immediately;
the monitoring nodes are provided with a wind direction sensor, a soil moisture sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor and a carbon dioxide sensor, the wind direction sensor is used for monitoring wind direction information of the forest region and is beneficial to monitoring and predicting the trend of forest fire, and the soil moisture sensor is used for monitoring the soil moisture content of the ground surface of the forest region and monitoring the forest fire condition possibly occurring in the forest region in time; the air temperature and humidity sensor is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity of the forest area environment in time and sensing the environmental threshold before a fire disaster occurs in time, and is beneficial to early warning of the forest fire disaster; the carbon dioxide concentration sensor is used for collecting carbon dioxide concentration information in the forest fire prevention area environment and transmitting the information to cluster head nodes in the cluster group;
the monitoring nodes are also provided with a GPS receiving module, the monitoring nodes are communicated with each other and determine the positions of the monitoring nodes, a plurality of monitoring nodes can form a plurality of clusters through a wireless sensor network routing protocol, cluster head nodes are selected from the clusters according to the energy distribution condition, and the monitoring nodes can transmit monitoring data and position information of the monitoring nodes to the cluster head nodes.
According to a preferable technical scheme, the monitoring node comprises a CPU, an A/D converter, a wind direction sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, a storage module, a GPS module, a wireless communication module, an alarm module and a display module, wherein the storage module, the GPS module, the wireless communication module, the alarm module and the display module are all connected with the CPU, and the wind direction sensor, the air temperature and humidity sensor, the soil moisture sensor and the carbon dioxide concentration sensor are all connected with the CPU through the A/D converter.
As a preferred technical scheme, the monitoring node is further configured with a power supply module, the power supply module supplies power to the monitoring node, the power supply module includes a common battery, a converter, a voltage stabilizing circuit, a solar charging module, a solar panel and a rechargeable lithium battery, the solar panel and the rechargeable lithium battery are connected with the solar charging module, and the common battery, the converter, the voltage stabilizing circuit and the solar charging module are sequentially connected.
As a preferred technical scheme, the monitoring nodes determine their own geographical positions according to the GPS module, and the monitoring nodes communicate with each other, so that the geographical position information of the network can be obtained in time.
As a preferred technical scheme, the sink node includes a CPU, an a/D converter, a storage module, a GPS module, a wireless communication module, and a display module, where the storage module, the GPS module, the wireless communication module, and the display module are all connected to the CPU, and are configured to collect data information collected by each cluster head node, and transmit the data information to a remote monitoring center.
As a preferred technical solution, the communication network transmits data received by the sink node to the remote monitoring center in real time by using a GPRS network.
As an optimal technical scheme, the remote monitoring center receives data and synchronizes environmental information and position information of a forest fire prevention monitoring area, and when a sensor of a monitoring node detects that the temperature of the forest environment is too high or the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeds a preset threshold value, an alarm signal is sent out to remind forest workers to take countermeasures.
In order to achieve the other purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a forest fire prevention monitoring device and a monitoring method based on a wireless sensor network comprise the following steps:
s1, configuring a GPS receiving module in a small part of nodes as monitoring nodes, and communicating the monitoring nodes with each other and determining the position of the monitoring nodes;
s2, enabling a plurality of monitoring nodes to form a plurality of clusters through a wireless sensor network routing protocol, and selecting cluster head nodes in the clusters according to the energy distribution condition;
s3, the monitoring nodes can transmit the monitoring data and the position information of the monitoring nodes to the cluster head nodes;
s4, the data information of the cluster head node is transmitted to the sink node through the communication network for fusion;
s5, the data of the sink node is finally transmitted to a remote monitoring center through a GPRS network;
and S6, the remote monitoring center receives the data and synchronizes the environmental information and the position information of the forest fire prevention monitoring area, and when the sensors detect that the smoke concentration and the air temperature and humidity exceed preset values, the sensors immediately send out an alarm and take corresponding measures.
As a preferred technical solution, the method further includes a cluster head replacement method:
the WSN nodes are provided with the directional antennas and can rotate according to a set period, the WSN nodes are arranged in a monitoring area of a signal radiation range of the directional antennas, and the cluster heads can be replaced by the wireless sensor network according to the distribution area of the nodes, so that the cluster heads can timely transmit information to the sink nodes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the wireless sensor network combining the directional antenna and the omnidirectional antenna can automatically form a forest fire prevention monitoring system, reduces the difficulty for manually laying monitoring points, and is more suitable for original forests with rare walks and extremely complex terrain.
(2) The wireless sensor network of the invention makes the monitoring easier and the data fusion more efficient, and can also reduce the energy loss of monitoring points and prolong the service life of the network; the common monitoring nodes are also communicated with the cluster head nodes, the monitoring nodes and the cluster head nodes are positioned in a distributed mode and an incremental mode, the multipath effect and the shadow effect caused by tree shielding can be avoided, the node positioning accuracy is improved, meanwhile, the pressure can be relieved for communication of a convergence center, and therefore the energy-saving effect is achieved.
(3) The invention can monitor the environment in forest comprehensively and in real time by adopting the soil temperature and humidity sensor, the wind direction sensor, the air temperature and humidity sensor and the carbon dioxide concentration sensor, and can play a role in preventing fire.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a monitoring node according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a power supply module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the monitoring system architecture of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of WSN cluster head replacement for the directional antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment is a forest fire monitoring apparatus based on a wireless sensor network, which is a forest fire monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network of a directional antenna and an omnidirectional antenna, and includes a plurality of clusters, a sink node, a communication network, and a remote monitoring center; the cluster group comprises cluster head nodes and monitoring nodes, wherein the cluster head nodes are used for collecting environmental information collected by each monitoring node, the monitoring nodes are used for collecting environmental information such as wind direction, soil moisture, air temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and the like in a monitoring area, the monitoring nodes are communicated with one another and transmit the collected forest environmental information to the cluster head nodes, and data information of the cluster head nodes is transmitted to a sink node through a GPRS network for fusion and is finally transmitted to a monitoring center; the monitoring center receives data and synchronizes environmental information and position information of a forest fire prevention monitoring area, and when the sensors detect that the smoke concentration and the air temperature and humidity exceed preset values, an alarm can be sent out immediately.
In the monitoring system of the embodiment, a small number of nodes are provided with a GPS receiving module as monitoring nodes, the monitoring nodes communicate with each other and determine the positions of the monitoring nodes, a plurality of monitoring nodes can form a plurality of clusters through a wireless sensor network routing protocol, cluster head nodes are elected in the clusters according to the energy distribution condition, and the monitoring nodes can transmit monitoring data and position information of the monitoring nodes to the cluster head nodes.
As shown in fig. 1, the monitoring node includes a CPU, an a/D converter, a wind direction sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, a storage module, a GPS module, a wireless communication module, an alarm module, and a display module, where the storage module, the GPS module, the wireless communication module, the alarm module, and the display module are all connected with the CPU, and the wind direction sensor, the air temperature and humidity sensor, the soil moisture sensor, and the carbon dioxide concentration sensor are all connected with the CPU through the a/D converter. The monitoring nodes are also provided with a GPS receiving module, the monitoring nodes are communicated with each other and determine the positions of the monitoring nodes, a plurality of monitoring nodes can form a plurality of clusters through a wireless sensor network routing protocol, cluster head nodes are selected from the clusters according to the energy distribution condition, and the monitoring nodes can transmit monitoring data and position information of the monitoring nodes to the cluster head nodes.
As shown in fig. 2, the monitoring node is further configured with a power supply module, the power supply module provides power for the monitoring node, the power supply module includes a common battery, a converter, a voltage stabilizing circuit, a solar charging module, a solar panel and a rechargeable lithium battery, the solar panel and the rechargeable lithium battery are connected to the solar charging module, and the common battery, the converter, the voltage stabilizing circuit and the solar charging module are sequentially connected.
The wind direction sensor is used for collecting wind direction information of a forest fire prevention area and transmitting the information to the cluster head node of the cluster.
The carbon dioxide concentration sensor is used for collecting carbon dioxide concentration information in the forest fire prevention area environment and transmitting the information to the cluster head nodes of the cluster.
The temperature and humidity sensor is used for collecting ambient temperature and humidity information of a forest fire prevention area and transmitting the information to the cluster head node of the cluster.
The cluster head node is responsible for carrying out data fusion on the sensed forest environment information and the self position information of the wind direction sensor, the soil moisture sensor, the air temperature and humidity sensor and the carbon dioxide sensor in the cluster, and then transmitting the data to the sink node. Cluster head nodes between different clusters may communicate with each other.
The aggregation node is used for receiving data transmitted by the cluster head nodes in each cluster and transmitting the data to the monitoring center through the communication network.
The communication network mainly utilizes a satellite, a mobile network or an Internet network to transmit data transmitted from the sink nodes to the monitoring center in real time.
The monitoring center is responsible for receiving data transmitted by the communication network, acquiring environmental information and position information of a forest fire prevention monitoring area in real time, and giving an alarm when smoke concentration and temperature and humidity exceed set values, so that the monitoring center immediately makes corresponding measures.
A wireless sensor network forest fire prevention monitoring system combining a directional antenna and an omnidirectional antenna mainly comprises:
(1) the common sensing node and the cluster head node determine the positions of the common sensing node and the cluster head node through communication between the common sensing node and the surrounding monitoring nodes.
(2) The common sensing node and the cluster head node can determine the positions of the common sensing node and the cluster head node through a GPS module and can be used as a new position reference point.
In the embodiment, the monitoring method of the forest fire prevention monitoring device based on the wireless sensor network,
a GPS receiving module is configured in a small part of nodes to serve as monitoring nodes, and the monitoring nodes are communicated with each other and determine the positions of the monitoring nodes;
s2, enabling a plurality of monitoring nodes to form a plurality of clusters through a wireless sensor network routing protocol, and selecting cluster head nodes in the clusters according to the energy distribution condition;
s3, the monitoring nodes can transmit the monitoring data and the position information of the monitoring nodes to the cluster head nodes;
s4, the data information of the cluster head node is transmitted to the sink node through the communication network for fusion;
s5, the data of the sink node is finally transmitted to a remote monitoring center through a GPRS network;
and S6, the remote monitoring center receives the data and synchronizes the environmental information and the position information of the forest fire prevention monitoring area, and when the sensors detect that the smoke concentration and the air temperature and humidity exceed preset values, the sensors immediately send out an alarm and take corresponding measures.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the principle of the WSN cluster head replacement process of the directional antenna is as follows:
(1) the WSN nodes are provided with the directional antennas and can rotate according to a set period, the WSN nodes are arranged in a monitoring area of a signal radiation range of the directional antennas, and the cluster heads can be replaced by the wireless sensor network according to the distribution area of the nodes, so that the cluster heads can timely transmit information to the sink nodes.
(2) In fig. 4, white nodes are member nodes, gray nodes are first-level cluster heads, dark gray nodes are second-level cluster heads, and black nodes are third-level cluster heads. The primary cluster head is responsible for collecting environmental information in a monitoring area and transmitting data to the secondary cluster head; the secondary cluster head is responsible for collecting data information of the primary cluster head and environment information in a monitoring area and transmitting the data to the tertiary cluster head; and the third-level cluster head is responsible for collecting data information of the second-level cluster head and environment information in a monitoring area and transmitting the data to the WSN sink node. The signal transmission is carried out by means of directional diffusion.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A forest fire prevention monitoring device based on a wireless sensor network is characterized by comprising a plurality of clusters, sink nodes, a communication network and a remote monitoring center; the cluster group comprises cluster head nodes and monitoring nodes, wherein the cluster head nodes are used for collecting environmental information collected by each monitoring node, the monitoring nodes are used for collecting environmental information such as wind direction, soil moisture, air temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and the like in a monitoring area, the monitoring nodes are communicated with one another and transmit the collected forest environmental information to the cluster head nodes, and data information of the cluster head nodes is transmitted to a sink node through a communication network for fusion and is finally transmitted to a monitoring center; the monitoring center receives data and synchronizes environmental information and position information of a forest fire prevention monitoring area, and when the sensors detect that the smoke concentration and the air temperature and humidity exceed preset values, an alarm is sent out immediately;
the monitoring nodes are provided with a wind direction sensor, a soil moisture sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, the wind direction sensor is used for monitoring wind direction information of the forest region and is beneficial to monitoring and predicting the trend of forest fire, and the soil moisture sensor is used for monitoring the soil moisture content of the ground surface of the forest region and monitoring the forest fire condition possibly occurring in the forest region in time; the air temperature and humidity sensor is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity of the forest area environment in time and sensing the environmental threshold before a fire disaster occurs in time, and is beneficial to early warning of the forest fire disaster; the carbon dioxide concentration sensor is used for collecting carbon dioxide concentration information in the forest fire prevention area environment and transmitting the information to cluster head nodes in the cluster group;
the monitoring nodes are also provided with a GPS receiving module, the monitoring nodes are communicated with each other and determine the positions of the monitoring nodes, a plurality of monitoring nodes can form a plurality of clusters through a wireless sensor network routing protocol, cluster head nodes are selected from the clusters according to the energy distribution condition, and the monitoring nodes can transmit monitoring data and position information of the monitoring nodes to the cluster head nodes;
the monitoring method of the forest fire prevention monitoring device based on the wireless sensor network comprises the following steps:
s1, configuring a GPS receiving module in a small part of nodes as monitoring nodes, and communicating the monitoring nodes with each other and determining the position of the monitoring nodes;
s2, enabling a plurality of monitoring nodes to form a plurality of clusters through a wireless sensor network routing protocol, and selecting cluster head nodes in the clusters according to the energy distribution condition;
s3, the monitoring nodes can transmit the monitoring data and the position information of the monitoring nodes to the cluster head nodes;
s4, the data information of the cluster head node is transmitted to the sink node through the communication network for fusion;
s5, the data of the sink node is finally transmitted to a remote monitoring center through a GPRS network;
s6, the remote monitoring center receives the data and synchronizes the environmental information and the position information of the forest fire prevention monitoring area, and when the sensors detect that the smoke concentration and the air temperature and humidity exceed preset values, an alarm is immediately sent out, and a corresponding measure is taken;
the cluster head replacing method comprises the following steps:
the WSN nodes are provided with the directional antennas and can rotate according to a set period, the WSN nodes are arranged in a monitoring area of a signal radiation range of the directional antennas, and as the wireless sensor network can replace cluster heads according to the distribution area of the nodes, the cluster heads can timely transmit information to the sink nodes;
the cluster heads comprise a primary cluster head, a secondary cluster head and a tertiary cluster head, and the primary cluster head is responsible for collecting environmental information in a monitored area and transmitting data to the secondary cluster head; the secondary cluster head is responsible for collecting data information of the primary cluster head and environment information in a monitoring area and transmitting the data to the tertiary cluster head; and the third-level cluster head is responsible for collecting data information of the second-level cluster head and environment information in a monitoring area, transmitting the data to the WSN sink node and transmitting signals in a directional diffusion mode.
2. The forest fire prevention monitoring device based on the wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring node comprises a CPU, an A/D converter, a wind direction sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, a storage module, a GPS module, a wireless communication module, an alarm module and a display module, the storage module, the GPS module, the wireless communication module, the alarm module and the display module are all connected with the CPU, and the wind direction sensor, the air temperature and humidity sensor, the soil moisture sensor and the carbon dioxide concentration sensor are all connected with the CPU through the A/D converter.
3. The forest fire monitoring device based on the wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 2, wherein the monitoring node is further configured with a power supply module, the power supply module provides power for the monitoring node, the power supply module includes a common battery, a converter, a voltage stabilizing circuit, a solar charging module, a solar battery panel and a rechargeable lithium battery, the solar battery panel and the rechargeable lithium battery are connected with the solar charging module, and the common battery, the converter, the voltage stabilizing circuit and the solar charging module are sequentially connected.
4. The forest fire prevention monitoring device based on the wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 2, wherein the monitoring nodes determine their geographical positions according to a GPS module, and the monitoring nodes communicate with each other to obtain geographical position information of the network in time.
5. The forest fire prevention monitoring device based on the wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sink node comprises a CPU, an a/D converter, a storage module, a GPS module, a wireless communication module and a display module, and the storage module, the GPS module, the wireless communication module and the display module are all connected with the CPU and are used for collecting data information collected by each cluster head node and transmitting the data information to a remote monitoring center.
6. A forest fire prevention monitoring device based on a wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication network transmits the data received by the sink node to a remote monitoring center in real time by using a GPRS network.
7. The forest fire prevention monitoring device based on the wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1, wherein the remote monitoring center receives data and synchronizes environmental information and position information of a forest fire prevention monitoring area, and when a sensor of a monitoring node detects that the temperature of a forest environment is too high or the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeds a preset threshold value, an alarm signal is sent out to remind forest workers to take countermeasures.
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