CN111044954B - Multimodal closed-loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetic measurement method - Google Patents
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multimodal closed loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetic force measuring method, belonging to the field of microwave frequency locking of a CPT magnetometer; inputting the generated single-frequency microwave signal and a modulation signal into a laser to modulate laser emitted by the laser; step two, the modulated laser is shot into a glass air chamber, and an EIT signal is demodulated by measuring the change of transmitted light power; step three, changing the center frequency of the microwave signals in sequence; step four, adopting a phase-sensitive detection method to sequentially obtain differential signals of the EIT signals under different central frequencies of the microwave signals; step five, calculating a total error signal P' (B); step six, adjusting an external magnetic field value B to be measured through a digital PID controller to enable a total error signal P' (B) to be zero; the value B is the value of the magnetic field to be measured; the invention realizes a CPT magnetometer without a direction blind area, does not need to switch a measurement mode when the direction of a magnetic field is changed, and can ensure continuous measurement of the magnetic field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microwave frequency locking of a CPT magnetometer, and relates to a multimodal closed loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetic force measuring method.
Background
The CPT magnetometer has the characteristics of small volume, low power consumption, high precision, no direction blind area and the like, and is expected to replace an optical pump magnetometer to be applied to the fields of space magnetism measurement, ocean magnetism measurement, aviation magnetism measurement and the like.
The CPT magnetometer is based on the Zeeman splitting phenomenon of an atom fine structure energy level in a magnetic field, and realizes the measurement of the magnetic field by detecting the transmission spectrum characteristic caused by the interference between two transition channels of atoms. In the inverted V-type three-level system, level |1>,|2>To the ground level, |3>Is an excited state energy level. Two beams of coherent light, having a frequency of omega, act on an atom1And ω2Corresponding to the transition frequencies between the two ground and excited states, respectively. In this case, the energy level |1>And |2>The magnetic field can be in a coherent superposition state, at the moment, the transition from a ground state to an excited state can not occur to atoms, the atoms are distributed and trapped on the ground state, so the atoms do not absorb light any more, namely the CPT phenomenon, the generated signal is called an EIT signal, and the CPT magnetometer realizes high-precision magnetic field measurement just by measuring the microwave frequency among the EIT signals.
The EIT signal changes along with the change of an included angle between an external magnetic field and laser, only +/-2-level EIT signals and +/-0-level EIT signals exist at the moment, and +/-3-level EIT signals and +/-1-level EIT signals disappear; similarly, when the laser direction is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, only the EIT signals of + -3 level and + -1 level exist, and the EIT signals of + -2 level and 0 level disappear. If the magnetic field is measured only by locking 2 EIT signal peaks, if the directions of the laser and the magnetic field change, the locked 2 EIT signals may disappear, and at the moment, the work of the magnetometer is abnormal, namely, the magnetometer has a measuring blind area.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a multimodal closed loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetic force measuring method, realizes a non-directional blind area CPT magnetometer, does not need to switch a measuring mode when the direction of a magnetic field is changed, and can ensure continuous measurement of the magnetic field.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a multimodal closed loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetic measurement method comprises the following steps:
step one, generating a frequency f0The single-frequency microwave signal of (a); generating a modulation frequency of fmFrequency modulation range of AmThe modulation signal of (a); inputting a single-frequency microwave signal and a modulation signal into a laser to modulate laser emitted by the laser;
step two, the modulated laser is shot into a glass air chamber, and an EIT signal is demodulated by measuring the change of transmitted light power;
step three, changing the center frequency of the microwave signals in sequence;
step four, adopting a phase-sensitive detection method to sequentially obtain differential signals of the EIT signals under different central frequencies of the microwave signals;
step five, adding differential signals of EIT signals under different central frequencies to obtain a total error signal P' (B); inputting the total error signal P' (B) into a digital PID controller;
step six, adjusting an external magnetic field value B to be measured through a digital PID controller to enable a total error signal P' (B) to be zero; the value B is the value of the magnetic field to be measured.
In the above method for measuring the CPT magnetic force without the directional blind area in the multimodal closed loop, in the first step, the frequency f of the single-frequency microwave signal0Is 3417.344 MHz.
In the above mentioned method for measuring the CPT magnetic force without the dead zone in the multi-peak closed loop, in the first step, the modulation frequency f is setmIs 10Hz-2 kHz; frequency modulation range AmIs 50Hz-1 kHz.
The method for measuring the CPT magnetic force without the directional blind area in the multimodal closed loop is characterized in that: in the second step, the glass gas chamber is filled with alkali metal87Rb。
In the above mentioned multimodal closed loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetic force measuring method, in the third step, the change mode of the microwave signal center frequency is S1 mode or S2 mode, wherein
In the above method for measuring the multimodal closed loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetic force, B is an external magnetic field value to be measured; gamma is87Gyromagnetic ratio of Rb.
In the above mentioned method for measuring the multi-peak closed loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetic force, in the fourth step,
when the mode of S1 is adopted,a-3 level signal peak corresponding to the EIT signal; f. of0- γ B corresponds to the-2 order signal peak of the EIT signal; f. of0+ γ B corresponds to the +2 signal peak of the EIT signal;a +3 level signal peak corresponding to the EIT signal;
when the mode S2 is adopted, f0- γ B corresponds to the-2 order signal peak of the EIT signal;a-1 level signal peak corresponding to the EIT signal;a +1 level signal peak corresponding to the EIT signal; f. of0+ γ B corresponds to the +2 signal peak of the EIT signal.
In the above-mentioned multimodal closed loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetic measurement method, when the S1 mode is adopted, the differential signal of EIT signal-3 level signal peak is marked as P' (-3); the differential signal of EIT signal-2 level signal peak is marked as P' (-2); the differential signal of EIT signal +2 stage signal peak is noted as P' (+ 2); the differential signal of the +3 stage signal peak of the EIT signal is denoted as P' (+ 3);
when the S2 mode is adopted, the differential signal of the-2 level signal peak of the EIT signal is marked as P' (-2); the differential signal of the-1 order signal peak of the EIT signal is noted as P' (-1); the differential signal of the +1 stage signal peak of the EIT signal is denoted as P' (+ 1); the differential signal of the +2 stage signal peak of the EIT signal is denoted as P' (+ 2).
In the above method for measuring the multi-peak closed loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetometry, in the fifth step, the total error signal P' (B) is calculated by:
when the S1 mode is used, P '(B) ═ P' (-3) + P '(-2) + P' (+ 3);
when the S2 mode is used, P '(B) ═ P' (-2) + P '(-1) + P' (+ 2).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts a 4-peak closed-loop time-sharing debugging demodulation mode, error signals of 4 EIT signals are combined into one signal, external magnetic field measurement is realized through PID controller feedback regulation, when the direction of a magnetic field changes, at least 2 EIT signal peaks always exist in the 4 EIT signals, so that the error signals always exist, compared with the traditional single-peak measurement mode, a measurement blind area does not exist, mode switching is not needed, and the problem that the traditional measurement mode generates lock losing in the mode switching process to further cause abnormal measurement can be solved;
(2) the invention adopts a time-sharing modulation mode to obtain error signals of 4 groups of EIT signals, can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals, and avoids the mutual interference of the 4 groups of EIT signals from influencing the measurement precision of a magnetometer;
(3) the invention carries out high-precision magnetic field measurement by measuring the microwave frequency between EIT signals, and compared with a unimodal closed loop system, the invention can eliminate the influence of the unstable problem of the microwave frequency on the measurement precision and effectively eliminate the magnetic field measurement error generated by the unstable microwave frequency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of CPT measurement according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The invention provides a multimodal closed loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetometer measurement method, which solves the problem that a directional blind area exists when 2 EIT signals are adopted for measurement, and the measurement mode needs to be switched. The invention adopts a mode of locking 4 EIT signals in a closed loop at the same time, and can ensure that at least 2 EIT signals can provide magnetic field measurement no matter how the direction of a magnetic field changes, namely, the CPT magnetometer without a direction blind zone is realized.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for measuring a multimodal closed loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetometer mainly comprises the following steps:
step one, generating a frequency f0The single-frequency microwave signal of (a); generating a modulation frequency of fmFrequency modulation range of AmThe modulation signal of (a); inputting a single-frequency microwave signal and a modulation signal into a laser to modulate laser emitted by the laser; frequency f of a single-frequency microwave signal0Is 3417.344 MHz. Modulation frequency fmIs 10Hz-2 kHz; frequency modulation range AmIs 50Hz-1 kHz.
Step two, the modulated laser is shot into a glass air chamber, and an EIT signal is demodulated by measuring the change of transmitted light power; the glass air chamber is filled with alkali metal87Rb。
Step three, changing the center frequency of the microwave signals in sequence; the center frequency of the microwave signal is changed into S1 mode or S2 mode
Mode S1: sequentially changing the central frequency of the microwave signal tof0-γB、f0+ gamma B and
B is the external magnetic field value to be measured; gamma is87Gyromagnetic ratio of Rb.
Step four, adopting a phase-sensitive detection method to sequentially obtain differential signals of the EIT signals under different central frequencies of the microwave signals; when the mode of S1 is adopted,a-3 level signal peak corresponding to the EIT signal; f. of0- γ B corresponds to the-2 order signal peak of the EIT signal; f. of0+ γ B corresponds to the +2 signal peak of the EIT signal;a +3 level signal peak corresponding to the EIT signal; the differential signal of EIT signal-3 level signal peak is marked as P' (-3); the differential signal of EIT signal-2 level signal peak is marked as P' (-2); the differential signal of EIT signal +2 stage signal peak is noted as P' (+ 2); the differential signal of the +3 stage signal peak of the EIT signal is denoted as P' (+ 3);
when the mode S2 is adopted, f0- γ B corresponds to the-2 order signal peak of the EIT signal;a-1 level signal peak corresponding to the EIT signal;a +1 level signal peak corresponding to the EIT signal; f. of0+ γ B corresponds to the +2 signal peak of the EIT signal. The differential signal of the-2 level signal peak of the EIT signal is noted as P' (-2); the differential signal of the-1 order signal peak of the EIT signal is noted as P' (-1); the differential signal of the +1 stage signal peak of the EIT signal is denoted as P' (+ 1); the differential signal of the +2 stage signal peak of the EIT signal is denoted as P' (+ 2).
Step five, adding differential signals of EIT signals under different central frequencies to obtain a total error signal P' (B); inputting the total error signal P' (B) into a digital PID controller;
the total error signal P' (B) is calculated by:
when the S1 mode is used, P '(B) ═ P' (-3) + P '(-2) + P' (+ 3);
when the S2 mode is used, P '(B) ═ P' (-2) + P '(-1) + P' (+ 2).
Step six, adjusting an external magnetic field value B to be measured through a digital PID controller to enable a total error signal P' (B) to be zero; the value B is the value of the magnetic field to be measured. The PID controller injects the measured magnetic field value into the EIT signal selector, the EIT signal selector can convert the magnetic field value into microwave frequency, so that the microwave frequency interval between 4 EIT signal peaks can be adjusted, an error signal output by the 4-peak synthesizer can be adjusted, when the error signal output by the 4-peak synthesizer is zero, the 4 peaks are in a locking state, and at the moment, the output of the PID controller is the magnetic field value B to be measured.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Claims (8)
1. A multimodal closed loop non-directional blind area CPT magnetic measurement method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, generating a frequency f0The single-frequency microwave signal of (a); generating a modulation frequency of fmFrequency modulation range of AmThe modulation signal of (a); inputting a single-frequency microwave signal and a modulation signal into a laser to modulate laser emitted by the laser;
step two, the modulated laser is shot into a glass air chamber, and an EIT signal is demodulated by measuring the change of transmitted light power;
step three, changing the center frequency of the single-frequency microwave signal in sequence;
step four, adopting a phase-sensitive detection method to sequentially obtain differential signals of the EIT signals under different central frequencies of the single-frequency microwave signals;
step five, adding differential signals of EIT signals under different central frequencies to obtain a total error signal P' (B); inputting the total error signal P' (B) into a digital PID controller;
step six, adjusting an external magnetic field value B to be measured through a digital PID controller to enable a total error signal P' (B) to be zero; the value B is the value of the magnetic field to be measured.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the frequency f of the single-frequency microwave signal0Is 3417.344 MHz.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the frequency f is modulatedmIs 10Hz-2 kHz; frequency modulation range AmIs 50Hz-1 kHz.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the glass gas chamber is filled with alkali metal87Rb。
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the changing mode of the center frequency of the single-frequency microwave signal is S1 mode or S2 mode, wherein
Mode S1: sequentially changing the central frequency of a single-frequency microwave signal intof0-γB、f0+ gamma B and
mode S2: sequentially changing the central frequency of a single-frequency microwave signal to f0-γB、And f0+γB。
B is an external magnetic field value to be measured; gamma is87Gyromagnetic ratio of Rb.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step of the method, the first step of the method,
when the mode of S1 is adopted,a-3 level signal peak corresponding to the EIT signal; f. of0- γ B corresponds to the-2 order signal peak of the EIT signal; f. of0+ γ B corresponds to the +2 signal peak of the EIT signal;a +3 level signal peak corresponding to the EIT signal;
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
when the S1 mode is adopted, the differential signal of the EIT signal-3 level signal peak is marked as P' (-3); the differential signal of EIT signal-2 level signal peak is marked as P' (-2); the differential signal of EIT signal +2 stage signal peak is noted as P' (+ 2); the differential signal of the +3 stage signal peak of the EIT signal is denoted as P' (+ 3);
when the S2 mode is adopted, the differential signal of the-2 level signal peak of the EIT signal is marked as P' (-2); the differential signal of the-1 order signal peak of the EIT signal is noted as P' (-1); the differential signal of the +1 stage signal peak of the EIT signal is denoted as P' (+ 1); the differential signal of the +2 stage signal peak of the EIT signal is denoted as P' (+ 2).
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, the method for calculating the total error signal P' (B) includes:
when the S1 mode is used, P '(B) ═ P' (-3) + P '(-2) + P' (+ 3);
when the S2 mode is used, P '(B) ═ P' (-2) + P '(-1) + P' (+ 2).
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