CN111043531A - Intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method for online diagnosis of structural damage of marine pipe - Google Patents
Intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method for online diagnosis of structural damage of marine pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN111043531A CN111043531A CN202010019615.4A CN202010019615A CN111043531A CN 111043531 A CN111043531 A CN 111043531A CN 202010019615 A CN202010019615 A CN 202010019615A CN 111043531 A CN111043531 A CN 111043531A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
- F17D5/06—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method for online diagnosis of structural damage of a marine vessel, and belongs to the technical field of structural intelligent health monitoring and detection. The intelligent optical fiber ring skin sensing layer is characterized in that a hyperelastic silicon rubber ring skin layer is additionally arranged on a submarine pipe structure, a ring-shaped grating string is constructed on the hyperelastic silicon rubber ring skin layer, the ring-shaped grating string and the axially U-shaped ring-shaped distributed optical fiber are arranged inside and outside, the thickness of the hyperelastic silicon rubber ring skin layer is designed according to a strain transmission theory so as to ensure the optimal deformation transmission efficiency and the optimal bonding strength between an optical fiber sensing element and a ring skin colloid, and the embedded optical fiber sensing network intelligent optical fiber ring skin sensing layer is. The invention develops an intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method for online diagnosis of local damage of a marine vessel structure and quantitative representation of integral deformation information, provides effective technical means and scientific data accumulation for online diagnosis of damage in the long-distance marine vessel operation process, formulation of maintenance strategies and inversion design of the marine vessel structure, and serves for safe operation and damage prediction of the marine vessel structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of intelligent health monitoring and detection of structures, and relates to an optical fiber sensing test method for tracking, monitoring and identifying local damage of a marine pipeline structure.
Background
With the increase of domestic energy demand, great energy projects such as deep sea resource development and west-east gas transportation promote the massive construction of oil and gas pipelines. For example: the development of south China sea oil gas resources is gradually expanded to deep sea of about 3000 meters, and the oil gas pipelines are extremely high in manufacturing cost as deep sea risers of oil gas transmission life lines are put into use in large quantities. With the increase of the number of newly added and overdue marine pipes, the accidents of oil leakage of the marine pipes occur frequently, so that the real structural resistance, the safety state, the residual service life and the like of the marine pipe system become important points of concern. The submarine pipeline is a flexible structure with large geometric deformation, and the underwater posture under the complex working conditions of pipeline laying operation and the like is in an uncertain state due to the influence of complex factors such as the position change of an upper platform, large-scale vortex-induced vibration, seabed contact and the like. Under the action of deep sea high concentration corrosion, the local thickness of the wall of the marine pipe is weakened, and holes are easy to form. Secondly, the sea sand mixed in the crude oil can cause continuous scouring action on the pipe wall and can erode part of the sea pipe structure. Cracks are easy to occur under the action of complex marine environmental loads (such as waves, ocean currents, floating ice, suspended span caused by seabed slippage and liquefaction, and the like). These cumulative or sudden perforations, cracks, fatigue fractures or other damages can cause a huge amount of gas and oil leakage, which further causes serious explosion and environmental pollution, causing huge economic loss and great harm. In order to reduce the risk of crude oil leakage and production halt caused by local damage of the marine pipe, the development of an effective monitoring technology for real-time state evaluation, local damage on-line diagnosis and safety evaluation of the structural performance of the marine pipe is urgently needed, so that the rapid maintenance of the marine pipe is guided, and the normal operation of the marine pipe and the continuous transportation of petroleum are economically and efficiently maintained.
Currently, the main technical means for maintaining safe operation of the marine vessel is to perform periodic detection on the marine vessel by using a magnetic flux leakage detection method, an eddy current detection method, an ultrasonic detection method and the like. The methods are more focused on the detection after the damage of the marine vessel structure, the real-time tracking and pre-judgment of the process before the damage occurs can not be carried out, and the long-term continuous monitoring, the online damage diagnosis and the structural safety state evaluation of the structural damage spatial-temporal characteristic evolution are difficult to realize. When facing the open sea and the deep sea, the detection methods have the defects of low efficiency, long period, high cost and the like. Therefore, the optical fiber sensing element is applied to the temperature, strain and oil leakage detection of the marine pipe by scholars at home and abroad due to the advantages of electric insulation, intrinsic safety, explosion prevention, corrosion resistance, long-term stability of chemical components, electromagnetic interference resistance, high sensitivity, absolute measurement, small volume, light weight, multi-adaptability of geometric shapes, a plurality of measuring points, flexible arrangement mode, easy integration and networking and the like.
Currently, some scholars use the distributed optical fiber for measuring the transverse buckling strain of the marine pipe so as to detect the structural performance of the marine pipe; whether oil leakage exists in the pipeline is diagnosed in a mode of monitoring the temperature of the leaked liquid and the temperature of the surrounding medium through the distributed optical fiber; monitoring the corrosion condition of the inner wall of the pipeline in a mode of winding the distributed optical fiber on the outer surface of the pipeline; the optical fiber is packaged by adopting an oil sensitive material, so that the optical fiber sensor is used for diagnosing oil leakage in a mode of generating tensile strain signal output when being expanded with oil; three distributed optical fibers which are arranged in an axial reverse direction at 120 ℃ are adopted to monitor the spiral deformation of the pipeline; and identifying the cracks of the pipeline structure by a mode of pasting the grating strings on the outer wall of the pipeline and a strain mode algorithm. Although the distributed and quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing technology realizes the test of deformation, damage and oil leakage information of the long-distance submarine pipeline structure to a certain extent, the distributed and quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing technology essentially belongs to an externally-attached optical fiber sensing device. The effectiveness of this measurement method will therefore depend greatly on the quality of the high strength adhesive used, the quality of the bond between the contact interfaces and the bonding area. The local interface stripping between the distributed optical fiber sensor and the submarine pipeline structure caused by long-term deformation or local large stress concentration greatly shortens the effective measurement time, and the stable, durable and effective test in a longer period cannot be realized.
Therefore, the intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method giving consideration to both local damage online diagnosis and overall information quantitative characterization of a marine vessel structure is provided, and the method is characterized in that a high-elasticity light-weight ring-shaped thin skin layer is poured around the marine vessel structure, and a ring-shaped grating string and an axial distributed optical fiber sensing element are embedded in the ring skin, so that an optical fiber sensing network giving consideration to both ring-shaped and axial deformation monitoring is constructed. In the process of testing deformation or damage of the marine vessel, the ring skin of the embedded optical fiber sensing network dynamically adjusts the self form and cooperatively deforms with the marine vessel structure, so that rapid transmission and self-adaptive matching of damage evolution information are realized, and real-time response and output of deformation and damage state information of the marine vessel structure are completed. The intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method can sense the time-space law of the local buckling deformation and crack and perforation damage characteristics of the marine pipe structure, provides effective technical means and scientific data accumulation for the online diagnosis of the long-distance marine pipe structure damage, the formulation of maintenance strategies and the inversion design of the marine pipe structure, and serves for the safe operation and damage prediction of the marine pipe structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method for online diagnosis of local damage of a marine pipe structure and quantitative characterization of overall information, and solves engineering application problems of lack of damage online diagnosis technology, poor long-term stable and durable testing technology, test failure caused by local interface stripping of an externally-attached optical fiber sensor, incapability of knowing and identifying local random damage, difficulty in acquiring overall deformation full-range monitoring information and the like in the safe operation process of the marine pipe structure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method for online diagnosis of damage of a marine pipe structure is characterized in that a hyperelastic silicon rubber ring skin layer is additionally arranged on the marine pipe structure, a ring-shaped grating string 1 and an axial U-shaped ring distributed optical fiber 2 are constructed on the hyperelastic silicon rubber ring skin layer and are arranged inside and outside, the thickness of the hyperelastic silicon rubber ring skin layer is designed according to a strain transmission theory so as to ensure the optimal deformation transmission efficiency and the optimal bonding strength between an optical fiber sensing element and a ring skin colloid, and an intelligent optical fiber ring skin sensing layer 3 embedded with an optical fiber sensing network is formed; pouring the intelligent optical fiber ring skin sensing layer 3 on the periphery of the submarine pipeline structure to form a common deformation body, which is equivalent to configuring an intelligent protective layer on the periphery of the submarine pipeline; the deformation or damage information of the marine vessel is sensitively and quickly transmitted to the embedded annular grating string 1 and the axially U-shaped ring distributed optical fiber 2 through the intelligent optical fiber ring skin sensing layer 3, and the position and the degree of the damage are diagnosed according to the measurement information and the comparison with the prior data, so that the tracking monitoring, the real-time diagnosis and the maintenance decision response of the whole deformation or the local damage occurrence and evolution of the marine vessel structure are realized.
An intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method giving consideration to both local damage online diagnosis and integral deformation information quantitative characterization of a marine vessel structure comprises the following implementation steps: designing the thickness of the ring skin according to a strain transfer theory to ensure the optimal deformation transfer efficiency and the optimal bonding strength between the embedded annular grating string and the axial U-shaped ring distributed optical fiber and the ring skin colloid to form an intelligent optical fiber ring skin sensing layer; determining the inner diameter of the ring skin according to the geometric configuration of the marine pipe structure, so that the ring skin embedded with the optical fiber sensing network is poured on the periphery of the marine pipe structure to form a common deformation body with the marine pipe; the ring skin material is a super-elastic silicon rubber material, and the mechanical and perception properties and the overall stability of the ring skin layer under the action of temperature, a conveying medium and ocean current are detected through a basic material performance test; according to the stress characteristics of the submarine pipeline structure, a load is applied to the submarine pipeline structure provided with the intelligent optical fiber ring skin layer, the effect that the deformation and damage of the submarine pipeline are transmitted to the optical fiber sensing element through the ring skin is detected, a corresponding state evaluation and damage recognition algorithm is established, and basic scientific data are accumulated for constructing an online diagnosis, evaluation and early warning device. When the deformation of the marine pipe structure is sudden change, discontinuous and unrecoverable, the position of damage (plastic buckling, crack, perforation or fracture) can be diagnosed according to the annular grating string and the axial U-shaped ring distributed optical fiber measurement information respectively, and the damage degree can be identified by comparing the information with the prior data, so that the online tracking monitoring, the real-time diagnosis and the maintenance decision response of the whole deformation or local damage occurrence and evolution of the marine pipe structure are realized.
The intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method is equivalent to the configuration of an intelligent protective layer on the periphery of the marine pipe, so that the corrosion resistance of the marine pipe is improved while the deformation of the marine pipe is sensed and the local damage is identified with high precision.
The annular grating strings are formed by arranging a plurality of grating string arrays in the annular skin along the annular direction of the marine vessel, and the number of measuring points contained in each grating string array is determined by the diameter of the marine vessel and the monitoring requirement. One circumferential grating string should at least contain four equally spaced measuring points to extract the response characteristics of the circumferential section.
The axial U-shaped ring distributed optical fiber is characterized in that a plurality of long-distance optical fibers are arranged in a ring along the axial direction of the submarine pipe so as to extract the overall deformation or local random damage information of the submarine pipe along the span direction. At least four equally spaced U-shaped ring distribution optical fibers should be arranged in the ring to determine the shape of the bent or damaged marine vessel.
The common deformation body refers to the cooperative deformation of the submarine pipe and the optical fiber ring skin layer under the temperature, chemical or physical action, and the deformation of the submarine pipe can be sensitively and quickly transmitted to the optical fiber sensing element through the ring skin.
The ring skin layer material refers to an adhesive material which is in a liquid state before curing and a super-elastic silicon rubber material with high bonding performance after curing.
The prior data refers to a response information database output by the intelligent optical fiber ring cortex aiming at different deformation and damage types of the marine vessel structure, and can be established in advance through experiments.
The invention has the advantages that: the intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method which is real-time, online, stable for a long time and durable is provided for the diagnosis of the local damage of the submarine pipeline structure and the test of the overall state information; the problems in the health monitoring and safe operation and maintenance fields such as the shortage of damage online diagnosis technology in the operation process of the marine vessel, the poor long-term stable and durable testing technology, the test failure caused by the peeling of an optical fiber device and a marine vessel matrix, the incapability of knowing and identifying local random damage in advance, the difficulty in acquiring the overall deformation full-range monitoring information and the like are solved; the method realizes the full-range real-time continuous monitoring of the deformation and damage (plastic buckling, cracks, perforation or fatigue fracture and the like) of the marine pipe structure, and has obvious significance for avoiding major accidents and economic losses caused by the rupture of the marine pipe and ensuring the safe operation of the platform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circumferential grating string for online diagnosis of structural damage to a marine vessel.
FIG. 2 is an axial U-shaped ring distributed optical fiber for on-line diagnosis of structural damage in a marine vessel.
Fig. 3 is a ring cortex structure with embedded ring grating strings and axial U-shaped ring distributed optical fibers.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a double-layer marine pipe structure assembled with an annular skin layer.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method of a double-layer submarine pipe structure longitudinal section (taking cracks, perforations and plastic buckling as examples) provided with a ring skin layer.
In the figure: 1, grating string; a 2U-ring distributed optical fiber 2; an outer super elastic silicone rubber ring skin layer; 4 inner super elastic silicone rubber ring skin layer; 5 inner sea pipe; 6, insulating layer; 7, overseas pipes; 8, cracking; 9, erosion perforation; 10 plastic buckling.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
A sea-pipe structure damage online diagnosis intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method, wherein the ring skin layer is embedded with ring grating strings and axial distributed optical fiber sensing probe structure as shown in figure 1 and figure 2; the schematic diagram of the intelligent optical fiber ring skin structure is shown in FIG. 3; the cross section of the double-layer submarine pipe provided with the intelligent optical fiber ring skin layer is shown in figure 4; the longitudinal section of the double-layer submarine pipe structure provided with the intelligent optical fiber ring skin layer is shown in figure 5.
The intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method for the online diagnosis of the structural damage of the marine vessel and the quantitative characterization of the integral state information comprises the following implementation modes:
firstly, designing an optical fiber ring skin layer structure according to the geometric configuration, material characteristics and stress mode of a marine pipe structure, mainly determining the thickness of the ring skin layer according to a strain transmission theory, and determining the inner diameter of the ring skin, the number of measuring points of a ring grating string and an axial distributed optical fiber sensing probe and the networking form according to the diameter and the deformation mode of the marine pipe; then, selecting a hyperelastic silicon rubber material (SYLGARD 184Silicone Elastomer) to package the designed optical fiber sensing network and pouring the optical fiber sensing network around the submarine pipe structure, and combining the optical fiber sensing network and the submarine pipe into a whole due to the super-strong bonding property of the optical fiber sensing network after the ring skin layer is cured and formed, which is similar to the way that an intelligent optical fiber ring skin protection layer is assembled around the submarine pipe; when the marine pipe structure is deformed or damaged (cracks, perforations, fatigue fracture or plastic buckling), the ring cortex synchronously senses the response or abnormal sudden of the marine pipe structure, and simultaneously enables the embedded optical fiber sensing network to make corresponding output response, so that the large deformation or damage position can be determined; furthermore, the quantitative and the sizing of the damage can be realized by comparing with the prior data information, so that the damage diagnosis and the maintenance decision can be made on line in real time according to a matched early warning device.
Claims (1)
1. An intelligent optical fiber ring skin monitoring method for online diagnosis of damage of a marine pipe structure is characterized in that a hyperelastic silicon rubber ring skin layer is additionally arranged on the marine pipe structure, a ring-shaped grating string (1) and an axial U-shaped ring distributed optical fiber (2) are constructed on the hyperelastic silicon rubber ring skin layer and are arranged inside and outside, and the thickness of the hyperelastic silicon rubber ring skin layer is designed according to a strain transmission theory so as to ensure the optimal deformation transmission efficiency and the optimal bonding strength between an optical fiber sensing element and a ring skin colloid and form an intelligent optical fiber ring skin sensing layer (3) embedded with an optical fiber sensing network; pouring the intelligent optical fiber ring skin sensing layer (3) on the periphery of the marine pipe structure to form a common deformation body, which is equivalent to configuring an intelligent protective layer on the periphery of the marine pipe; the deformation or damage information of the marine vessel is sensitively and quickly transmitted to the embedded annular grating string (1) and the axially U-shaped ring distributed optical fiber (2) through the intelligent optical fiber ring skin sensing layer (3), and the position and degree of damage are diagnosed according to the measurement information and comparison with the prior data, so that tracking monitoring, real-time diagnosis and maintenance decision response of the whole deformation or local damage occurrence and evolution of the marine vessel structure are realized.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN111504218A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-07 | 兰州大学 | Method for monitoring large deformation of submarine pipeline structure by quasi-distributed fiber grating sensor |
| CN111521126A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-11 | 兰州大学 | Fiber grating sensing monitoring method for three-dimensional reconstruction of submarine pipeline |
| CN112050748A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-08 | 华中科技大学 | Annular structure convergence monitoring device and monitoring method |
| CN112729200A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-30 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Long-term monitoring system, structure and method for expansion process of loose ring of surrounding rock |
| CN113203406A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-03 | 长安大学 | Device and method for inhibiting deformation of optical fiber gyroscope ring assembly in acceleration field |
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| CN111521126B (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2022-01-28 | 兰州大学 | Fiber grating sensing monitoring method for three-dimensional reconstruction of submarine pipeline |
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| CN113203406A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-03 | 长安大学 | Device and method for inhibiting deformation of optical fiber gyroscope ring assembly in acceleration field |
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