CN111039640A - Novel efficient sludge curing agent prepared from phosphogypsum solid waste and preparation method - Google Patents
Novel efficient sludge curing agent prepared from phosphogypsum solid waste and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111039640A CN111039640A CN201911366303.4A CN201911366303A CN111039640A CN 111039640 A CN111039640 A CN 111039640A CN 201911366303 A CN201911366303 A CN 201911366303A CN 111039640 A CN111039640 A CN 111039640A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/143—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being phosphogypsum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/10—Mills in which a friction block is towed along the surface of a cylindrical or annular member
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/20—Disintegrating by grating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/008—Sludge treatment by fixation or solidification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/148—Combined use of inorganic and organic substances, being added in the same treatment step
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
- B02C2023/165—Screen denying egress of oversize material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of sludge treatment, and particularly relates to a novel efficient sludge curing agent prepared from phosphogypsum solid waste and a preparation method thereof, wherein the novel efficient sludge curing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of modified phosphogypsum, 1 part of attapulgite, 2 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 1 parts of vitamin C, 1 part of soluble cellulose, 0.5 part of starch, 0.5 part of sodium silicate, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 10.5 parts of slag, 1 part of codonopsis pilosula, 2 parts of motherwort, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of sodium polyacrylate, 1 part of amino silanol and 0.5 part of water absorbent; wherein the water absorbent is hydrous magnesium silicate; the sludge curing agent has wide treatment range, the hardness of the obtained cured soil has a higher range, the service life is long, the permeability is high, the leakage of harmful substances can be effectively prevented, and the product is alkalescent and has no pollution to the environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sludge treatment, and particularly relates to a novel efficient sludge curing agent prepared from phosphogypsum solid waste and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The sludge curing agent is also called soil curing agent, is a novel energy-saving environment-friendly engineering material which is synthesized by various inorganic and organic materials and is used for curing various sludge, for the sludge needing to be reinforced, only a certain amount of curing agent needs to be added according to the physical and chemical properties of the sludge, and the sludge is uniformly mixed and compacted to reach the required performance index. The workload of urban sewer dredging operation is increasing, the sludge usually has treatment means such as incineration, composting, landfill and resource utilization, but the sludge of the sewer has small particles, is not easy to dehydrate, has low bearing capacity, high organic matter content and high fluidity, and cannot be directly used as engineering filling in sea filling engineering, embankment engineering and road engineering, a series of problems in sludge treatment can be solved by utilizing the sludge as a resource through a solidification treatment technology or as a pretreatment means for landfill treatment, and for the detailed introduction of a soil stabilizer, reference can be made to the research progress of soil stabilizer and water and soil conservation application thereof, which is written by zhangguanhua, niujinwei, sun jinwei and lihao, but the sludge stabilizer in the prior art still has the following defects:
(1) the existing conventional method is that cement, lime and the like are added into sludge as curing agents, the setting and hardening of common cement and lime are slow, the common cement and lime partially settle before the non-setting under the condition of high water-to-solid ratio, the curing effect is poor, and the subsequent treatment of people is not facilitated;
(2) the sludge curing agent is widely applied in practical application due to the advantages of small using amount, easy transportation, convenient construction, strong adaptability to soil and the like, but has the defects of different soil strength, poor durability, low permeability resistance, poor water resistance and the like after curing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel efficient sludge curing agent prepared from phosphogypsum solid waste and a preparation method thereof. The invention is mainly used for providing a novel efficient sludge curing agent prepared from phosphogypsum solid waste and a preparation method thereof, the sludge curing agent is prepared by recycling and converting solid waste, the treatment range is wide, the hardness of the obtained cured soil is in a higher range, the service life is long, the permeability is high, the leakage of harmful substances can be effectively prevented, and the product is alkalescent and has no pollution to the environment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a novel efficient sludge curing agent prepared from phosphogypsum solid waste, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
75 parts of modified phosphogypsum, 1 part of attapulgite, 2 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 1 parts of vitamin C, 1 part of soluble cellulose, 0.5 part of starch, 0.5 part of sodium silicate, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 10.5 parts of slag, 1 part of codonopsis pilosula, 2 parts of motherwort, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of sodium polyacrylate, 1 part of amino silanol and 0.5 part of water absorbent; wherein the water absorbent is hydrous magnesium silicate.
The starch is a mixture of mung bean starch, corn starch, cassava starch, wheat starch and kudzu root starch in equal mass; the stirring speed in the S2 is 120-180rpm, and the dilute acid in the S2 adopts a mixture with equal mass in hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and sulfuric acid; and the grinding temperature in the S3 is 80-96 ℃.
A preparation method for preparing a novel efficient sludge curing agent from phosphogypsum solid waste comprises the following steps:
s1; pulverizing radix Codonopsis to 70 mesh and soaking in 55 deg.C water for 70 min, placing soaked radix Codonopsis powder in a percolating cylinder, extracting by percolation, clarifying to obtain radix Codonopsis extractive solution, pulverizing herba Leonuri into granule and soaking in dilute acid for 50 min, placing in a container, adding purified water into the container, sealing the container, extracting at 81KPa and 100 deg.C for 30 min, releasing pressure and filtering to obtain herba Leonuri extractive solution; various raw materials in the invention have interaction, can react with water in the sludge, has short solidification time and less medicament dosage, is convenient for the subsequent treatment of the sludge, and has good popularization and practicability;
s2: collecting solid waste residues generated after processing into a phosphorus fertilizer by phosphorus chemical enterprises to obtain phosphogypsum, and carrying out processing treatment on the solid waste residues through high-temperature calcination at the temperature of over 1200 ℃ to obtain dehydrated phosphogypsum, wherein the main component of the phosphogypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate gypsum (CaSO 42H 2O), and the phosphogypsum subjected to small-amount water decomposition and various impurities such as phosphoric acid, calcium fluoride, iron and the like which are not washed clean are adopted in the phosphogypsum, 4.5-5 tons of phosphogypsum can be obtained by producing one ton of phosphoric acid (calculated by 100% P2O 5), so that more resources are obtained, the cost is low, and the reutilization of wastes is realized to reduce the pollution to the environment;
s3: adding an alkaline activator into the dehydrated phosphogypsum obtained in the S2, wherein the alkaline activator is one or a mixture of cement and lime to obtain modified phosphogypsum, and realizing rapid solidification during sludge treatment through the combined action of the phosphogypsum and the alkaline activator, so that a more economic and efficient treatment method is provided for river treatment and sludge control; meanwhile, the alkaline activator can reduce the alkalinity of the soil and improve the permeability of the soil;
s4: placing the modified phosphogypsum, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, sodium silicate, attapulgite, slag and ammonium sulfate into a grinding device, crushing, grinding and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a first mixture, adding vitamin C and soluble cellulose into water to prepare a first mixed solution, adding the first mixture, the motherwort extract and the codonopsis pilosula extract obtained in S1 into the first mixed solution, adding starch and polyvinyl alcohol into the first mixed solution again to obtain a second mixture, heating the second mixture to 200 ℃ and stirring at the temperature for 7 hours; sodium polyacrylate and amino silanol are added, so that the service life of the sludge curing agent is prolonged, and the sludge cured by the curing agent can be kept for a longer time; the sodium polyacrylate has stable chemical property, heat resistance and extremely small change of long-term storage viscosity, is extremely stable even at high temperature, and can well make up the defect that the service life of the existing sludge curing agent is not long;
s5: adding sodium polyacrylate, amino silanol and a water absorbent into the stirred second mixture in S4, stirring for 2 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, drying at 50 ℃, and grinding a dried product to a particle size of 400 meshes to obtain the novel efficient sludge curing agent; the hydrous magnesium silicate is used as a water absorbent to adjust the water content in the soil, so that the water absorption strength is improved, the film forming property of sodium polyacrylate in the soil is enhanced, in addition, the hydrous magnesium silicate can be replaced with sodium and potassium ions in the soil, the stability of the soil after solidification is promoted, and the hardness of the obtained soil is uniform.
The grinding device comprises a machine body and a grinding mechanism; a grinding mechanism is fixedly arranged inside the right end of the machine body; the grinding mechanism comprises a grinding cover, a grinding base, a motor, a rotating rod, a driving gear, a grinding gear, a sealing cover, an auxiliary rod and a friction cylinder; the grinding cover is arranged at the right end of the machine body in an up-and-down sliding manner, and a grinding base is arranged at the lower side of the grinding cover; a motor is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the grinding base; the upper end of the motor is rotatably connected with a rotating rod; the rotating rod is arranged inside the grinding base, and a driving gear is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the rotating rod; the driving gear is arranged on the upper surface of the grinding base, and the outer side of the driving gear is uniformly and rotatably connected with the grinding gear; a sealing cover is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the grinding gear; the inner surface of the lower end of the sealing cover is rotationally and frictionally connected with a friction cylinder; the lower end of the friction cylinder is rotatably connected to the upper end of the auxiliary rod, the friction cylinder and the auxiliary rod are in damping rotary connection, a heating ring is fixedly installed inside the contact surface of the friction cylinder and the sealing cover, the upper end of the friction cylinder is conical, and a spiral groove is formed in the upper surface of the friction cylinder; material leakage holes are formed among the spiral grooves; when the materials are needed to be ground, the materials to be ground can be placed on the upper surface of the grinding base, the grinding cover and the grinding base are driven to be closed at the moment, the driving motor can drive the driving gear at the upper end of the rotating rod to rotate, namely, the grinding gear starts to rotate to grind the materials, after the materials are ground for a period of time, the ground materials enter the sealing cover below through the grinding gear, namely, the upper surface of the friction cylinder, at the moment, the friction cylinder and the auxiliary rod are set to damp and rotate, the sealing cover rotates due to the rotation of the grinding gear, namely, the friction cylinder is driven to rotate when the sealing cover rotates, but the materials and the sealing cover are in a differential rotation state, so that the heating rings inside the sealing cover rub against each other to heat the friction cylinder, and the materials are heated when entering the inside of the friction cylinder through material leakage holes between the spiral grooves at the upper end of the friction cylinder, thereby improving the compatibility between the attapulgite and the modified phosphogypsum, leading the materials to be more thoroughly ground and mixed, and improving the use effect of the sludge curing agent.
The outer end of the grinding gear is rotatably connected with a rotating ring; the lower end of the rotating ring is rotatably connected with the screening disc; the screening disc is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the auxiliary rod, and impact rods are uniformly and elastically arranged in the inner outer end wall of the screening disc through springs; the inner side of the impact rod can impact with the extrusion bag; the extrusion bag is annular and is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the upper end of the rotating rod; when the grinding gear is in a rotating state, the outer end of the grinding gear is rotatably connected with a rotating ring, the lower end of the rotating ring is rotatably connected with a screening disc, the screening disc is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the auxiliary rod, so that the grinding gear can drive the auxiliary rod to rotate reversely when rotating, namely, the materials falling into the friction cylinder are further stirred, the materials can be uniformly heated, so that the mixing efficiency is improved, and the impact rod is uniformly and elastically arranged in the inner outer end wall of the screening disc through the spring, the inner side of the impact rod can impact the extrusion bag, the extrusion bag is annular, the extrusion bag is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the upper end of the rotating rod, the screening disk is slightly vibrated by the uniform impact between the impact rod and the squeezing bladder when rotating, thereby make the material after the completion of being heated evenly fall through the screening dish, avoid the material after being heated to be in the high temperature state and pile up together and take place the moisture regain phenomenon and lead to the material unusable.
The extrusion bag and the expansion bag are communicated; the expansion bag is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the auxiliary rod, the expansion bag is arranged in the friction cylinder, and striking plates are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the expansion bag; when the impact rod takes place relative striking with the expression bag, set up to the connected state because of between expression bag and the inflation bag, inflation bag fixed mounting is in the upper end of assisting the pole, the inflation bag is established in the inside of a friction section of thick bamboo, the surface symmetry fixed mounting of inflation bag has the striking board, can input its inside atmospheric pressure to the inflation bag when the expression bag is strikeed promptly, thereby even the inflation bag even inflation, thereby the striking board that drives its surface promptly further disperses the improvement heating efficiency at the even luffing motion of rotation in-process to the material, thereby improve mixing efficiency promptly.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention has wide raw material source and simple preparation process, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production; the raw materials in the invention interact with each other, can react with water in the sludge, has short solidification time and small dosage of medicament, is convenient for the subsequent treatment of the sludge, and has good popularization and practicability.
2. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, sodium polyacrylate and amino silanol are added on the basis of the existing sludge curing agent, so that the service life of the sludge curing agent is prolonged, and the sludge cured by the curing agent can be kept for a longer time; the sodium polyacrylate has stable chemical property, heat resistance and extremely small change of long-term storage viscosity, is extremely stable even at high temperature, can well make up the defect that the service life of the existing sludge curing agent is not long, and silicon hydroxyl on amino silanol and silicon hydroxyl on sludge are easy to carry out the steps of converting the hydrophilicity of the sludge into the hydrophobicity, so that the action process of the amino silanol and the silicon hydroxyl on the sludge is similar to that of the sludge curing agent, other large chemical reactions and conflicts can not be generated, and the amino silanol and the sludge can be well compatible.
3. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the hydrous magnesium silicate is used as the water absorbent to adjust the water content in the soil, so that the water absorption strength is improved, the film forming property of sodium polyacrylate in the soil is enhanced, in addition, the hydrous magnesium silicate can be replaced with sodium and potassium ions in the soil, the stability of the soil after solidification is promoted, and the hardness of the obtained soil is relatively uniform.
4. Through the technical scheme provided by the invention, when materials need to be ground, the materials to be ground can be placed on the upper surface of the grinding base, the grinding cover and the grinding base are driven to be closed, the motor can drive the driving gear at the upper end of the rotating rod to rotate by the driving motor, namely, the grinding gear starts to rotate to grind the materials, after the materials are ground for a period of time, the ground materials enter the sealing cover below through the grinding gear, namely the upper surface of the friction cylinder, at the moment, the friction cylinder and the auxiliary rod are set to rotate in a damping mode, the sealing cover rotates due to the rotation of the grinding gear, namely, the friction cylinder is driven to rotate when the sealing cover rotates, but the materials and the sealing cover are in a differential rotation state, so that the heating rings in the sealing cover rub against each other to heat the friction cylinder, and the materials are heated when entering the friction cylinder through the material leakage holes between the spiral grooves at the upper end of the friction cylinder, thereby improving the compatibility between the attapulgite and the modified phosphogypsum, leading the materials to be more thoroughly ground and mixed, and improving the use effect of the sludge curing agent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the method steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the polishing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the grinding mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the polishing pad of the present invention;
in the figure: the grinding machine comprises a machine body 1, a grinding mechanism 2, a grinding cover 21, a grinding base 22, a motor 23, a rotating rod 24, a driving gear 25, a grinding gear 26, a rotating ring 261, a screening disc 262, an impact rod 263, a sealing cover 27, an auxiliary rod 28, a friction cylinder 29, a heating ring 291, a spiral groove 292, a material leakage hole 293, an extrusion bag 3, an expansion bag 4 and a striking plate 5.
Detailed Description
The preparation of the novel efficient sludge curing agent from the phosphogypsum solid waste and the preparation method thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention are described below with reference to fig. 1 to 4.
As shown in figures 1-4, the novel efficient sludge curing agent prepared from the phosphogypsum solid waste comprises the following components in parts by weight:
75 parts of modified phosphogypsum, 1 part of attapulgite, 2 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 1 parts of vitamin C, 1 part of soluble cellulose, 0.5 part of starch, 0.5 part of sodium silicate, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 10.5 parts of slag, 1 part of codonopsis pilosula, 2 parts of motherwort, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of sodium polyacrylate, 1 part of amino silanol and 0.5 part of water absorbent; wherein the water absorbent is hydrous magnesium silicate.
The starch is a mixture of mung bean starch, corn starch, cassava starch, wheat starch and kudzu root starch in equal mass; the stirring speed in the S2 is 120-180rpm, and the dilute acid in the S2 adopts a mixture with equal mass in hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and sulfuric acid; and the grinding temperature in the S3 is 80-96 ℃.
A preparation method for preparing a novel efficient sludge curing agent from phosphogypsum solid waste comprises the following steps:
s1; pulverizing radix Codonopsis to 70 mesh and soaking in 55 deg.C water for 70 min, placing soaked radix Codonopsis powder in a percolating cylinder, extracting by percolation, clarifying to obtain radix Codonopsis extractive solution, pulverizing herba Leonuri into granule and soaking in dilute acid for 50 min, placing in a container, adding purified water into the container, sealing the container, extracting at 81KPa and 100 deg.C for 30 min, releasing pressure and filtering to obtain herba Leonuri extractive solution; various raw materials in the invention have interaction, can react with water in the sludge, has short solidification time and less medicament dosage, is convenient for the subsequent treatment of the sludge, and has good popularization and practicability;
s2: collecting solid waste residues generated after processing into a phosphorus fertilizer by phosphorus chemical enterprises to obtain phosphogypsum, and carrying out processing treatment on the solid waste residues through high-temperature calcination at the temperature of over 1200 ℃ to obtain dehydrated phosphogypsum, wherein the main component of the phosphogypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate gypsum (CaSO 42H 2O), and the phosphogypsum subjected to small-amount water decomposition and various impurities such as phosphoric acid, calcium fluoride, iron and the like which are not washed clean are adopted in the phosphogypsum, 4.5-5 tons of phosphogypsum can be obtained by producing one ton of phosphoric acid (calculated by 100% P2O 5), so that more resources are obtained, the cost is low, and the reutilization of wastes is realized to reduce the pollution to the environment;
s3: adding an alkaline activator into the dehydrated phosphogypsum obtained in the S2, wherein the alkaline activator is one or a mixture of cement and lime to obtain modified phosphogypsum, and realizing rapid solidification during sludge treatment through the combined action of the phosphogypsum and the alkaline activator, so that a more economic and efficient treatment method is provided for river treatment and sludge control; meanwhile, the alkaline activator can reduce the alkalinity of the soil and improve the permeability of the soil;
s4: placing the modified phosphogypsum, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, sodium silicate, attapulgite, slag and ammonium sulfate into a grinding device, crushing, grinding and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a first mixture, adding vitamin C and soluble cellulose into water to prepare a first mixed solution, adding the first mixture, the motherwort extract and the codonopsis pilosula extract obtained in S1 into the first mixed solution, adding starch and polyvinyl alcohol into the first mixed solution again to obtain a second mixture, heating the second mixture to 200 ℃ and stirring at the temperature for 7 hours; sodium polyacrylate and amino silanol are added, so that the service life of the sludge curing agent is prolonged, and the sludge cured by the curing agent can be kept for a longer time; the sodium polyacrylate has stable chemical property, heat resistance and extremely small change of long-term storage viscosity, is extremely stable even at high temperature, and can well make up the defect that the service life of the existing sludge curing agent is not long;
s5: adding sodium polyacrylate, amino silanol and a water absorbent into the stirred second mixture in S4, stirring for 2 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, drying at 50 ℃, and grinding a dried product to a particle size of 400 meshes to obtain the novel efficient sludge curing agent; the hydrous magnesium silicate is used as a water absorbent to adjust the water content in the soil, so that the water absorption strength is improved, the film forming property of sodium polyacrylate in the soil is enhanced, in addition, the hydrous magnesium silicate can be replaced with sodium and potassium ions in the soil, the stability of the soil after solidification is promoted, and the hardness of the obtained soil is uniform.
The grinding device comprises a machine body 1 and a grinding mechanism 2; a grinding mechanism 2 is fixedly arranged inside the right end of the machine body 1; the grinding mechanism 2 comprises a grinding cover 21, a grinding base 22, a motor 23, a rotating rod 24, a driving gear 25, a grinding gear 26, a sealing cover 27, an auxiliary rod 28 and a friction cylinder 29; the grinding cover 21 is vertically and slidably arranged at the right end of the machine body 1, and a grinding base 22 is arranged at the lower side of the grinding cover 21; a motor 23 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the grinding base 22; the upper end of the motor 23 is rotatably connected with a rotating rod 24; the rotating rod 24 is arranged in the grinding base 22, and the upper end of the rotating rod 24 is fixedly provided with a driving gear 25; the driving gear 25 is arranged on the upper surface of the grinding base 22, and the outer side of the driving gear 25 is uniformly and rotatably connected with a grinding gear 26; a sealing cover 27 is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the grinding gear 26; a friction cylinder 29 is rotationally and frictionally connected with the inner surface of the lower end of the sealing cover 27; the lower end of the friction cylinder 29 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the auxiliary rod 28, the friction cylinder 29 and the auxiliary rod 28 are in damping rotary connection, a heating ring 291 is fixedly installed inside the contact surface of the friction cylinder 29 and the sealing cover 27, the upper end of the friction cylinder 29 is conical, and the upper surface of the friction cylinder 29 is provided with a spiral groove 292; a material leakage hole 293 is formed between the spiral grooves 292; when the materials are required to be ground, the materials to be ground can be placed on the upper surface of the grinding base 22, the grinding cover 21 and the grinding base 22 are driven to be closed, the driving motor 23 can drive the driving gear 25 at the upper end of the rotating rod 24 to rotate, namely, the grinding gear 26 starts to rotate to grind the materials, after the materials are ground for a period of time, the ground materials enter the sealing cover 27 at the lower part, namely the upper surface of the friction cylinder 29 through the grinding gear 26, at the moment, the sealing cover 27 rotates due to the rotation of the grinding gear 26, namely, the sealing cover 27 drives the friction cylinder 29 to rotate, but the materials and the sealing cover are in a differential rotation state, namely, the heating rings 291 in the friction cylinder 29 are mutually rubbed to heat the friction cylinder 29, and the materials are heated when entering the friction cylinder 29 through the material leakage holes 293 between the spiral grooves 292 at the upper end of the friction cylinder 29, thereby improving the compatibility between the attapulgite and the modified phosphogypsum, leading the materials to be more thoroughly ground and mixed, and improving the use effect of the sludge curing agent.
The outer end of the grinding gear 26 is rotatably connected with a rotating ring 261; the lower end of the rotating ring 261 is rotatably connected with the sieving disc 262; the screening disc 262 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the auxiliary rod 28, and the inner outer end wall of the screening disc 262 is uniformly and elastically provided with an impact rod 263 through a spring; the inner side of the striking rod 263 can strike the squeeze bag 3; the extrusion bag 3 is annular, and the extrusion bag 3 is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the upper end of the rotating rod 24; when the grinding gear 26 is in a rotating state, the outer end of the grinding gear 26 is rotatably connected with the rotating ring 261, the lower end of the rotating ring 261 is rotatably connected with the screening disc 262, the screening disc 262 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the auxiliary rod 28, so the grinding gear 26 can drive the auxiliary rod 28 to rotate reversely when rotating, i.e. the material falling into the friction cylinder 29 is further stirred, the material can be uniformly heated, thereby the mixing efficiency is improved, and the striking rod 263 is uniformly and elastically installed in the inner outer end wall of the screening disc 262 through a spring, the inner side of the striking rod 263 can strike the extrusion capsule 3, the extrusion capsule 3 is in a ring shape, the extrusion capsule 3 is fixedly installed at the outer surface of the upper end of the rotating rod 24, so the screening disc 262 can slightly vibrate due to uniform striking between the striking rod 263 and the extrusion capsule 3 when rotating, thereby the heated material can uniformly fall through the screening disc 262, the phenomenon that the materials after being heated are piled up together in a high-temperature state and are remoistened is avoided, so that the materials cannot be used.
The extrusion bag 3 and the expansion bag 4 are communicated; the expansion bag 4 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the auxiliary rod 28, the expansion bag 4 is arranged in the friction cylinder 29, and the striking plates 5 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the expansion bag 4; when the impact rod 263 and the extrusion bladder 3 are impacted relatively, the extrusion bladder 3 and the expansion bladder 4 are communicated, the expansion bladder 4 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the auxiliary rod 28, the expansion bladder 4 is arranged in the friction cylinder 29, and the striking plates 5 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the expansion bladder 4, namely, the internal air pressure of the extrusion bladder 3 can be input into the expansion bladder 4 when the extrusion bladder is impacted, namely, the expansion bladder 4 is enabled to expand uniformly, namely, the striking plates 5 on the outer surface of the extrusion bladder are driven to further disperse materials in the uniform up-and-down swinging process in the rotating process, so that the heating efficiency is improved, namely, the mixing efficiency is improved.
The specific working process is as follows:
when the materials are required to be ground, the materials to be ground can be placed on the upper surface of the grinding base 22, the grinding cover 21 and the grinding base 22 are driven to be closed, the driving motor 23 can drive the driving gear 25 at the upper end of the rotating rod 24 to rotate, namely, the grinding gear 26 starts to rotate to grind the materials, after the materials are ground for a period of time, the ground materials enter the sealing cover 27 at the lower part, namely the upper surface of the friction cylinder 29 through the grinding gear 26, at the moment, the sealing cover 27 rotates due to the rotation of the grinding gear 26, namely, the sealing cover 27 drives the friction cylinder 29 to rotate, but the materials and the sealing cover are in a differential rotation state, namely, the heating rings 291 in the friction cylinder 29 are mutually rubbed to heat the friction cylinder 29, and the materials are heated when entering the friction cylinder 29 through the material leakage holes 293 between the spiral grooves 292 at the upper end of the friction cylinder 29, thereby improving the compatibility between the attapulgite and the modified phosphogypsum, leading the materials to be more thoroughly ground and mixed, namely improving the use effect of the sludge curing agent, when the grinding gear 26 is in a rotating state, the outer end of the grinding gear 26 is connected with the rotating ring 261 in a rotating way, the lower end of the rotating ring 261 is connected with the screening disc 262 in a rotating way, the screening disc 262 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the auxiliary rod 28, the grinding gear 26 drives the auxiliary rod 28 to reversely rotate when rotating, namely, the materials falling into the friction cylinder 29 are further stirred, thus leading the materials to be uniformly heated and improving the mixing efficiency, and the impact rod 263 is uniformly and elastically arranged in the inner outer end wall of the screening disc 262 through a spring, the inner side of the impact rod 263 can impact the extrusion bag 3, the extrusion bag 3 is annular, and the extrusion bag 3 is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the upper end of the rotating rod, therefore, the sieving disc 262 will slightly vibrate due to the uniform impact between the impact rod 263 and the extruding bag 3 when rotating, so that the heated material can uniformly fall through the sieving disc 262, and the heated material is prevented from being accumulated together in a high temperature state to cause the material to be unusable, when the impact rod 263 and the extruding bag 3 are relatively impacted, because the extruding bag 3 and the expanding bag 4 are set in a communicated state, the expanding bag 4 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the auxiliary rod 28, the expanding bag 4 is arranged in the friction barrel 29, the impact plates 5 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the expanding bag 4, namely, the inner air pressure of the extruding bag 3 can be input into the expanding bag 4 when being impacted, even if the expanding bag 4 is uniformly expanded, namely, the impact plates 5 driving the outer surface of the expanding bag 5 uniformly swing up and down in the rotating process to further disperse the material, thereby improving the heating efficiency, i.e. to increase the mixing efficiency.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A novel efficient sludge curing agent prepared from phosphogypsum solid waste is characterized in that: comprises the following components in parts by weight:
75 parts of modified phosphogypsum, 1 part of attapulgite, 2 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 1 parts of vitamin C, 1 part of soluble cellulose, 0.5 part of starch, 0.5 part of sodium silicate, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 10.5 parts of slag, 1 part of codonopsis pilosula, 2 parts of motherwort, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of sodium polyacrylate, 1 part of amino silanol and 0.5 part of water absorbent; wherein the water absorbent is hydrous magnesium silicate.
2. The method for preparing the novel efficient sludge curing agent from the phosphogypsum solid waste according to the claim 1 is characterized in that: the starch is a mixture of mung bean starch, corn starch, cassava starch, wheat starch and kudzu root starch in equal mass; the stirring speed in the S2 is 120-180rpm, and the dilute acid in the S2 adopts a mixture with equal mass in hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and sulfuric acid; and the grinding temperature in the S3 is 80-96 ℃.
3. A preparation method for preparing a novel efficient sludge curing agent from phosphogypsum solid waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is suitable for the novel high-efficiency sludge curing agent as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, and comprises the following steps:
s1; pulverizing radix Codonopsis to 70 mesh and soaking in 55 deg.C water for 70 min, placing soaked radix Codonopsis powder in a percolating cylinder, extracting by percolation, clarifying to obtain radix Codonopsis extractive solution, pulverizing herba Leonuri into granule and soaking in dilute acid for 50 min, placing in a container, adding purified water into the container, sealing the container, extracting at 81KPa and 100 deg.C for 30 min, releasing pressure and filtering to obtain herba Leonuri extractive solution;
s2: collecting solid waste residues generated after processing into a phosphorus fertilizer by phosphorus chemical enterprises to obtain phosphogypsum, and carrying out processing treatment on the solid waste residues through high-temperature calcination at the temperature of over 1200 ℃ to obtain dehydrated phosphogypsum;
s3: adding an alkaline activator into the dehydrated phosphogypsum obtained in the step S2, wherein the alkaline activator is one or a mixture of cement and lime to obtain modified phosphogypsum;
s4: placing the modified phosphogypsum, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, sodium silicate, attapulgite, slag and ammonium sulfate into a grinding device, crushing, grinding and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a first mixture, adding vitamin C and soluble cellulose into water to prepare a first mixed solution, adding the first mixture, the motherwort extract and the codonopsis pilosula extract obtained in S1 into the first mixed solution, adding starch and polyvinyl alcohol into the first mixed solution again to obtain a second mixture, heating the second mixture to 200 ℃ and stirring at the temperature for 7 hours;
s5: and (3) adding sodium polyacrylate, amino silanol and a water absorbent into the stirred second mixture in S4, stirring for 2 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, drying at 50 ℃, and grinding a dried product to a particle size of 400 meshes to obtain the novel efficient sludge curing agent.
4. The preparation method of the novel efficient sludge curing agent prepared from the phosphogypsum solid waste according to claim 3 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the grinding device comprises a machine body (1) and a grinding mechanism (2); a grinding mechanism (2) is fixedly arranged inside the right end of the machine body (1); the grinding mechanism (2) comprises a grinding cover (21), a grinding base (22), a motor (23), a rotating rod (24), a driving gear (25), a grinding gear (26), a sealing cover (27), an auxiliary rod (28) and a friction cylinder (29); the grinding cover (21) is vertically and slidably arranged at the right end of the machine body (1), and a grinding base (22) is arranged at the lower side of the grinding cover (21); a motor (23) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the grinding base (22); the upper end of the motor (23) is rotatably connected with a rotating rod (24); the rotating rod (24) is arranged in the grinding base (22), and the upper end of the rotating rod (24) is fixedly provided with a driving gear (25); the driving gear (25) is arranged on the upper surface of the grinding base (22), and the outer side of the driving gear (25) is uniformly and rotatably connected with a grinding gear (26); a sealing cover (27) is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the grinding gear (26); the inner surface of the lower end of the sealing cover (27) is rotationally and frictionally connected with a friction cylinder (29); the lower end of the friction cylinder (29) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the auxiliary rod (28), the friction cylinder (29) is in damping rotary connection with the auxiliary rod (28), a heating ring (291) is fixedly installed inside the contact surface of the friction cylinder (29) and the sealing cover (27), the upper end of the friction cylinder (29) is conical, and a spiral groove (292) is formed in the upper surface of the friction cylinder (29); and material leakage holes (293) are formed among the spiral grooves (292).
5. The method for preparing the novel efficient sludge curing agent from the phosphogypsum solid waste according to claim 4 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the outer end of the grinding gear (26) is rotatably connected with a rotating ring (261); the lower end of the rotating ring (261) is rotationally connected with the screening disc (262); the screening disc (262) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the auxiliary rod (28), and the inner outer end wall of the screening disc (262) is uniformly and elastically provided with an impact rod (263) through a spring; the inner side of the striking rod (263) can strike the extrusion bag (3); the extrusion bag (3) is annular, and the extrusion bag (3) is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the upper end of the rotating rod (24).
6. The method for preparing the novel efficient sludge curing agent from the phosphogypsum solid waste according to claim 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the extrusion bag (3) and the expansion bag (4) are communicated; the expansion bag (4) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the auxiliary rod (28), the expansion bag (4) is arranged in the friction cylinder (29), and the striking plates (5) are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the expansion bag (4).
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Application publication date: 20200421 |