CN111035386A - Miniature SERF type magnetometer, use method and application thereof - Google Patents
Miniature SERF type magnetometer, use method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a miniature SERF type magnetometer, and a using method and application thereof. The magnetoencephalogram is acquired by adopting the miniature SERF magnetometer, so that the distance between the detector and the brain can be obviously reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the magnetoencephalogram is improved, and the magnetoencephalogram has higher sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution compared with the magnetoencephalogram made of the conventional SQUIDs; the cost of the whole equipment is greatly reduced because expensive refrigeration equipment is not needed; finally, the low cost is realized, and the magnetoencephalogram is mapped without invasion for the research of clinical medicine; the method is applied to the mapping of magnetoencephalography, has wide application prospect and tends to replace the existing SQUIDs magnetoencephalography; meanwhile, the miniature SERF magnetometer can also be used for detecting and calibrating weak magnetic substances; the SERF-based ultrahigh-sensitivity magnetometer replaces the conventional SQUIDs-dependent magnetoencephalogram measurement, and can actively promote the wide application of clinical magnetoencephalograms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of magnetic source imaging, and particularly relates to a miniature SERF type magnetometer, and a use method and application thereof.
Background
At present, in the field of magnetoencephalography imaging, the magnetoencephalography imaging is mainly based on superconducting quantum interferometers (SQUIDs) for recording and imaging magnetoencephalography signals. In the most mature technical scheme currently in commercial use, a typical brain magnetic instrument based on superconducting quantum interferometers (SQUIDs) needs nearly 300 sensors and a series of reference sensors to eliminate noise, and meanwhile, the whole device needs to be cooled to 4.2K, each channel is recorded separately, and finally, all channels are recorded and imaged. There are mainly the following problems:
firstly, the distance between the sensor and the brain is too far, the magnetic dipole moment signal attenuates with the distance in the cubic sense, and the magnetic dipole moment first-order signal and the magnetic dipole moment second-order signal sequentially attenuate with the distance in the quadratic sense and the quintic sense, so that the magnetoencephalography signal-to-noise ratio is not high.
Secondly, the device needs to refrigerate to 4.2K, and expensive refrigeration equipment is needed. Resulting in not only too high equipment cost, but also low daily maintenance cost.
The measurement of the magnetoencephalogram has great significance for clinical medicine, and the aim of the invention is to widely apply the magnetoencephalogram to clinic. However, superconducting quantum interferometers (SQUIDs) have the following disadvantages and shortcomings: first, the sensor is too far away from the brain in magnetoencephalography. Secondly, complex and bulky cryogenic systems are required to maintain the equipment operating under superconducting conditions.
In view of the above problems, the present invention is directed to how to make a miniature SERF type atomic magnetometer that meets the requirements of magnetoencephalography.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a miniature SERF type magnetometer, and methods of use and applications thereof.
Before setting forth the context of the present invention, the terms used herein are defined as follows:
the term "SERF" refers to: Spin-Exchange Relaxation Free region, no Spin Exchange Relaxation.
The term "quench gas" refers to: diatomic molecular gases with many vibrational energy levels.
To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a miniature SERF type magnetometer, said magnetometer comprising: the optical path part, the atomic gas chamber part and the photoelectric sensor signal acquisition part; preferably, the atomic gas cell is an alkali metal atomic gas cell; more preferably, the atomic gas cell is a potassium atomic gas cell.
A micro SERF type magnetometer according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein said optical path portion comprises: the device comprises a laser, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, an optical fiber coupler, a collimating lens, a Glan-Taylor prism, a turn-back prism and a quarter wave plate, wherein the Glan-Taylor prism can be replaced by a polarization beam splitting prism.
Preferably, the atomic gas chamber part is made of high borosilicate glass, and quenching gas with certain atmospheric pressure is filled in the gas chamber; the quenching gas is preferably a diatomic molecular gas, more preferably nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and most preferably nitrogen; and/or
The pressure of the quenching gas is 0.01-10 atm, preferably 0.04-5 atm, more preferably 0.08-2 atm, and most preferably 1 atm.
More preferably, the air chamber is also flushed with a buffer gas, preferably:
the buffer gas is an inert gas, preferably one or more of the following: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), most preferably helium; and/or
The ratio of the buffer gas to the quenching gas is 0.1-300: 1, preferably 0.1 to 100: 1, more preferably 0.1 to 10: 1, most preferably 0.39: 1.
Further preferably, the fiber coupler, the collimator lens, the glan-taylor prism or the polarization beam splitter prism, the turn-back prism, the quarter wave plate, the atomic gas cell, and the photosensor are disposed in a probe section in common.
A second aspect of the invention provides a method of using the miniature SERF type magnetometer of the first aspect, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) turning on a laser to adjust the optical fiber coupling efficiency and adjusting the initial light intensity;
(2) turning on the heating system;
(3) switching on the modulated magnetic field;
(4) adding a magnetic field to be measured into the observation signal change;
(5) sending a signal generated by a magnetic field to be detected into a phase-locked amplifier for demodulation processing and recording;
preferably, in the step (2), the heating system is heated to a particle number concentration of 1012～1015cm-3Within the range; most preferably, the heating is performedThe system is heated to a particle number concentration of 1013～1014cm-3In the meantime.
A third aspect of the invention provides the use of a miniature SERF type magnetometer, as defined in the first aspect, in the manufacture of a magnetoencephalography measurement device.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a magnetoencephalography measurement device, the device comprising: a miniature SERF type magnetometer according to the first aspect of the present invention.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides the use of a miniature SERF type magnetometer according to the first aspect of the invention in the preparation of a detection and calibration device for a weakly magnetic substance.
Typical magnetoencephalography intensity is around 50 fT. SERF-based ultra-high sensitivity magnetometer capable of realizing fT Hz based on current realization-1/2Is sufficient to meet the requirements of magnetoencephalography: the distance between the probe and the brain can be remarkably shortened by using the miniature SERF type magnetometer, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is remarkably improved; the magnetometer does not need to work in a low-temperature environment of 4.2K, and only needs to work at 140-200 ℃, so that expensive refrigeration equipment is not needed, the equipment cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the daily maintenance consumption is extremely low.
The miniature SERF type magnetometer of the present invention can have, but is not limited to, the following beneficial effects:
1. the magnetoencephalogram is acquired by adopting the miniature SERF magnetometer, so that the distance between the detector and the brain can be obviously reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the magnetoencephalogram is improved, and the magnetoencephalogram has higher sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution compared with the magnetoencephalogram made of the conventional SQUIDs.
2. Meanwhile, the scheme does not need expensive refrigeration equipment, so that the cost of the whole equipment is greatly reduced; finally, the low-cost and noninvasive mapping of the magnetoencephalogram is realized for the research of clinical medicine.
3. The method is applied to the mapping of magnetoencephalography, has wide application prospect and tends to replace the existing SQUIDs magnetoencephalography; meanwhile, the miniature SERF magnetometer can also be used for detecting and calibrating weak magnetic substances.
4. The SERF-based ultrahigh-sensitivity magnetometer replaces the conventional SQUIDs-dependent magnetoencephalogram measurement, and can actively promote the wide application of clinical magnetoencephalograms.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
fig. 1 shows the overall structure schematic diagram of the miniature SERF magnetometer provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the design details of the miniature SERF magnetometer provided by the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the measurement result of the miniature SERF magnetometer provided by the invention on a weak magnetic field.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a fiber coupler mount; 2. a clear aperture; 3. a collimating lens mounting groove; 4. a Glan-Taylor prism or a polarization beam splitting prism mounting groove; 5. a turning prism mounting groove; 6. a quarter-wave plate mounting groove; 7. a modulation coil mounting groove; 8. a heat insulation groove; 9. an air chamber mounting groove; 10. a photoelectric detector mounting groove; 11. a laser; 12. a polarization maintaining optical fiber; 13. a fiber coupler; 14. a collimating lens; 15. an optical path; 16. a Glan-Taylor prism or a polarizing beam splitter prism; 17. a fold-back prism; 18. a quarter wave plate; 19. an atomic gas cell; 20. a photodetector; 21. a probe; 22. a wire; 23. a lock-in amplifier.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which, however, are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
This section generally describes the materials used in the testing of the present invention, as well as the testing methods. Although many materials and methods of operation are known in the art for the purpose of carrying out the invention, the invention is nevertheless described herein in as detail as possible. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the materials and methods of operation used in the present invention are well within the skill of the art, provided that they are not specifically illustrated.
The reagents and instrumentation used in the following examples are as follows: materials:
polarization maintaining optical fiber, available from Thorlabs inc., model: PM630-HP (panda);
an optical fiber coupler, self-made;
collimating lens, purchased from great permanent new era science and technology limited, model: GCL-011652;
glan taylor prism, available from the laser research institute of mons university, model: LGP-4;
the turn-back prism is purchased from Wuhan Youguang science and technology Limited liability company, model: RAP 0110.
The instrument comprises the following steps:
the laser is purchased from Beijing Youli optical science and technology Limited, model: ECL 801-D;
photoelectric sensor, self-control.
Example 1
This example serves to illustrate the overall structure of the miniature SERF type magnetometer of the present invention.
The whole system comprises three parts: the optical path part, the atomic gas chamber part and the photoelectric sensor signal acquisition part.
First, the light path part: the laser (11) is used for generating laser required by experiments, the laser generated by the laser (11) is introduced into the probe by adopting the polarization maintaining optical fiber (12), laser penetrates through the clear aperture (2) to be transmitted in the probe, an optical fiber coupler (13) fixed on an optical fiber coupler base (1) is used for fixing the optical fiber, a collimating lens (14) fixed on a collimating lens mounting groove (3) is used for collimating the emergent laser and adjusting the size of a light spot, a Glan-Taylor prism or a polarization beam splitter prism (16) fixed on a Glan-Taylor prism or a polarization beam splitter prism mounting groove (4) in a light path (15) is used for optimizing the polarization of the laser, a turn-back prism (17) fixed on a turn-back prism mounting groove (5) is used for changing the light path of the laser by 90 degrees, and linear polarization is converted into required circular polarization after passing through a quarter-wave plate (18) fixed on a quarter-wave plate mounting groove (6).
II, atomic gas chamber part: be fixed in atom air chamber (19) on air chamber mounting groove (9) and be used for detecting the magnetic field that awaits measuring, adopt borosilicate glass preparation atom air chamber (19), pour into certain proportion's buffer gas and quenching gas in atom air chamber (19), this experiment concrete parameter is as table shows:
TABLE 1 amounts of buffer gas and quench gas in atomic gas cell
In addition, the atomic gas chamber (19) is also provided with a modulation coil mounting groove (7), and a debugging coil is wound in the mounting groove and is used for processing a signal to be detected; and the heat insulation groove (8) is used for fixing heat insulation materials and ensuring that the periphery of the air chamber has good heat insulation performance.
Thirdly, a signal acquisition part: and a photoelectric sensor (20) fixed on the photoelectric detector mounting groove (10) is used for detecting the laser light intensity of the projected atomic gas chamber and recording the emergent light intensity change.
Example 2
This example serves to illustrate the method of use of the miniature SERF type magnetometer of the present invention.
1. And (3) turning on the laser (11), adjusting the coupling efficiency of the optical fiber, and adjusting the emergent initial light intensity to be less than the saturated light intensity of the working atoms. In this case, potassium atoms were used, and the saturation intensity was 1.75mW/cm2。
2. Heating the gas chamber to change the temperature of the gas chamber, so that the particle number concentration of the working atoms in the atomic gas chamber is kept at 1012～1015cm-3Within the range.
3. And applying an alternating magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 45nT and the frequency of 1.5KHz in the same direction as the magnetic field to be detected.
4. The magnetic field to be measured is added to observe the signal change.
5. The signal generated by the magnetic field to be measured enters a phase-locked amplifier (23) for demodulation processing and recording.
Test example 1
The test example is used for illustrating that the magnetometer provided by the invention is applied to the detection of a weak magnetic field.
1, turning on a laser (11), locking and stabilizing the frequency of the laser, and stabilizing the frequency of the laser at the resonance frequency of the response alkali metal element.
2, adjusting the coupling efficiency of the polarization maintaining fiber (12) to achieve optimization, and continuously adjusting the angle of the incident light entering the fiber to enable the ratio of the emergent light intensity of the fiber to be larger than 0.5.
3 heating the atomic gas chamber (19) until the particle number concentration is 1012～1015cm-3Within the range.
And 4, turning on a known scanning magnetic field, wherein the variation range of the static magnetic field intensity is plus or minus 17nT, and acquiring absorption signals passing through the gas chamber.
5 adding a modulation magnetic field, and modulating the absorption signal by an alternating magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 45nT and the frequency of 1.5 KHz.
And 6, sending the modulation signal into a phase-locked amplifier for demodulation to obtain a required dispersion signal.
The experimental results are as follows: as shown in FIG. 3, the dispersion linewidth obtained by the experiment is about 17nT, and the requirement of magnetoencephalography measurement is completely met. It is sufficient that the dispersion line width required for magnetoencephalography is less than 40nT (for magnetoencephalography, the smaller the line width, the better).
Although the present invention has been described to a certain extent, it is apparent that appropriate changes in the respective conditions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but is to be accorded the scope consistent with the claims, including equivalents of each element described.
Claims (10)
1. A miniature SERF type magnetometer, comprising: the optical path part, the atomic gas chamber part and the photoelectric sensor signal acquisition part; preferably, the atomic gas cell is an alkali metal atomic gas cell; more preferably, the atomic gas cell is a potassium atomic gas cell.
2. A miniature SERF type magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein said optical path portion comprises: the device comprises a laser, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, an optical fiber coupler, a collimating lens, a Glan-Taylor prism, a turn-back prism and a quarter wave plate, wherein the Glan-Taylor prism can be replaced by a polarization beam splitting prism.
3. A miniature SERF type magnetometer according to claim 1 or 2 wherein said atomic gas cell portion is made of borosilicate glass, and quenching gas is flushed into the gas cell;
the quenching gas is preferably a diatomic molecular gas, more preferably nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and most preferably nitrogen; and/or
The pressure of the quenching gas is 0.01-10 atm, preferably 0.04-5 atm, more preferably 0.08-2 atm, and most preferably 1 atm.
4. A miniature SERF type magnetometer according to claim 3 wherein the gas chamber is also flushed with a buffer gas, preferably:
the buffer gas is an inert gas, more preferably one or more of the following: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, most preferably helium; and/or
The ratio of the buffer gas to the quenching gas is 0.1-300: 1, preferably 0.1 to 100: 1, more preferably 0.1 to 10: 1, most preferably 0.39: 1.
5. A miniature SERF type magnetometer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the alkali metal atoms in said atomic gas chamber have a reduced probability of relaxation from wall collisions and spontaneous emission.
6. A miniature SERF-type magnetometer according to any one of claims 2 to 5 wherein said fibre optic coupler, said collimating lens, said Glan-Taylor prism or polarizing beam splitting prism, said fold back prism, said quarter wave plate, said atomic gas cell and said photosensor are collectively disposed in a probe portion.
7. A method of using a miniature SERF type magnetometer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) turning on a laser to adjust the optical fiber coupling efficiency and adjusting the initial light intensity;
(2) turning on the heating system;
(3) switching on the modulated magnetic field;
(4) adding a magnetic field to be measured into the observation signal change;
(5) sending a signal generated by a magnetic field to be detected into a phase-locked amplifier for demodulation processing and recording;
preferably, in the step (2), the heating system is heated to a particle number concentration of
1012～1015cm-3Within the range; most preferably, the heating system is warmed to a particle number concentration of 1013～1014cm-3In the meantime.
8. Use of a miniature SERF type magnetometer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the manufacture of a magnetoencephalography measurement device.
9. An electroencephalogram measuring apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus comprises: a miniature SERF type magnetometer according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
10. Use of a miniature SERF type magnetometer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the preparation of detection and calibration equipment for weakly magnetic substances.
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| WO2023197441A1 (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | 北京昆迈医疗科技有限公司 | Opm array rapid optical scanning and positioning method based on spatial labeling points |
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