CN111032024A - 可生物侵蚀的药物递送植入物 - Google Patents
可生物侵蚀的药物递送植入物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111032024A CN111032024A CN201880055600.4A CN201880055600A CN111032024A CN 111032024 A CN111032024 A CN 111032024A CN 201880055600 A CN201880055600 A CN 201880055600A CN 111032024 A CN111032024 A CN 111032024A
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- poly
- agents
- estradiol
- sheet
- acetate
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Abstract
本文公开了包含一种或多种活性剂的可生物侵蚀的药物递送装置,以及相关方法。所述装置可用于长时间段地施用多种药剂。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年7月8日提交的美国临时申请62/530,166的权益,该美国临时申请的内容据此整体并入本文。
技术领域
在一些方面,本发明涉及可植入、可生物侵蚀的药物递送装置和相关方法。该装置可用于长时间段施用任何药剂。
背景技术
许多治疗药物以慢性方式使用,意味着患者将每天服用一种或多种剂型达长期和/或不确定的时长。对于一些患者,身体上每天吞咽一个或多个药片可能是不方便或不切实际的。对于某些精神病治疗药物,患者不依从性也可能给药物的持续投配带来挑战。可植入的药物递送装置可以植入患者体内,并逐渐释放一种或多种活性物质达长期时长。然而,在许多情况下,这些装置是由不可降解材料制成的,因此一旦已经施用了总药物含量,就必须手术取出这些装置。
仍然需要用于受控施用多种治疗药物的改进的药物递送装置。仍然需要完全可生物侵蚀并因此在药物施用结束时不需要取出的改进的药物递送装置。
发明内容
本文公开了可植入、可生物侵蚀的药物递送装置和相关方法。所述装置可用于施用多种药剂,尤其适用于以恒定速率进行长期药物递送。因此,所述装置尤其可用于避孕药、激素疗法、化学疗法和兽药等的施用。所述装置包括与一种或多种活性剂共混以形成无规片材的电纺纤维,所述无规片材以卷绕构造布置以实现所需的释放和降解速率。
在以下描述中阐述了一个或多个实施例的细节。本发明的其他特征、目的和优点将根据说明书和权利要求书而显而易见。
附图简要说明
图1A描绘了可植入、可生物侵蚀的药物递送装置的示例性实施例。图1B描绘了具有渐缩端部的可植入、可生物侵蚀的药物递送装置的示例性实施例。
图2描绘了展开(左)和呈部分卷绕构造(右)的示例性纤维/药物片材。
图3描绘了可植入、可生物侵蚀的药物递送装置的示例性实施例的照片。
具体实施方式
在公开和描述本发明装置和方法之前,应当理解本发明装置和方法不限于特定合成方法、特定部件或具体组成。另外应当了解,本文使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的,并非旨在进行限制。
如在说明书和所附权利要求书中所用,单数形式“一个”“一种”“该”和“所述”包括复数指代物,除非上下文另外明确规定不是这样。范围在本文中可表示为从“约”一个特定值和/或至“约”另一个特定值。当表达此类范围时,另一个实施例包括从一个特定值和/或至另一个特定值。相似地,在利用前词“约”将值表示为近似值时,应当理解,该特定值形成另一个实施例。还应当理解,每个范围的端点在相对于另一个端点和独立于另一个端点方面都是显著的。
“任选的”或“任选地”意指随后描述的事件或情况可能发生或可能不发生,并且该描述包括所述事件或情况发生的情况和所述事件或情况不发生的情况。
在本说明书的说明和权利要求书中,字词“包括”和该字词的变型诸如“包含”和“具有”意指“包括但不限于”,并不旨在排除例如其他添加剂、部件、整体或步骤。“示例性”意指“……的示例”,并且不旨在表示优选的或理想的实施例。“诸如”不用于限制性意义,而是用于阐述性目的。
本发明公开了可用于执行本发明所公开的方法和系统的部件。本文公开了这些及其他部件,并且应当理解,当公开这些部件的组合、子集、相互作用、组等时,虽然可能未明确公开这些部件的每个不同的单独和集体组合和排列的具体参考,但是其中每个在本文中均得到特别考虑和描述,以用于所有方法和系统。这适用于本专利申请的所有方面,包括但不限于本发明所公开的方法中的步骤。因此,如果存在可以执行的各种附加步骤,则应当理解,这些附加步骤中的每个均可用本发明所公开的方法的任何特定实施例或实施例的组合来执行。
本文公开了一种包括可生物侵蚀的纤维和至少一种活性剂的可生物侵蚀的药物递送装置,以及相关方法。在一些实施例中,所述装置可呈卷绕构造。如图1A中所示,示例性装置(100)具有彼此间隔开的第一端部(101)和第二端部(102),以及在第一端部与第二端部之间限定的主体部分(103)。在图1B中,另一示例性装置(104)包括朝向第一端部(105)和第二端部(106)渐缩的主体部分(107)。图3中提供了示例性装置(104)的照片。在另外的实施例中,所述装置的一个端部将是渐缩的,而另一端部为沿横截面切割的。
在一些情况下,所述装置包括可生物侵蚀的纤维的片材和至少一种活性剂。所述片材具有一定的长度、宽度和厚度,并且呈卷绕构造,所述卷绕构造包括沿着平行于所述片材的长度的轴线的多匝。在图2中描绘了一个实施例,其中片材(200)具有长度(l)(201)、宽度(w)(202)和厚度(t)(203)。片材可绕平行于片材(200)的长度(201)的轴线(205)卷绕,以形成可植入装置。图2还描绘了呈部分卷绕构造的片材(204),所述片材可以通过沿着宽度(202)完全卷绕而转变成可植入装置。
在一些实施例中,片材(200)可具有10-1,000mm、10-750mm、10-500mm、25-500mm、50-500mm、50-400mm、75-400mm、100-350mm、200-350mm、10-250mm、10-200mm、10-150mm、10-100mm、10-75mm、10-50mm、25-100mm、50-100mm或75-150mm的长度(201)。片材(200)可具有10-10,000mm、10-5,000mm、10-2,500mm、10-2,000mm、10-1,500mm、10-1,000mm、10-750mm、10-500mm、50-500mm、100-500mm或250-500mm的宽度(202)。在一些情况下,片材(200)可具有10-75mm的长度(201)和150-400mm的宽度(202)。片材可具有50-2,000,000nm、50-1,000,000nm、50-500,000nm、50-250,000nm、50-100,000nm、50-50,000nm、50-25,000nm、50-10,000nm、50-5,000nm、50-2,500nm、50-1,000nm、50-500nm、50-250nm、50-100nm、100-2,000,000nm、100-1,000,000nm、100-500,000nm、100-250,000nm、100-100,000nm、100-50,000nm、100-25,000nm、100-10,000nm、100-5,000nm、100-2,500nm、100-1,000nm、100-500nm、100-250nm、250-2,000,000nm、250-1,000,000nm、250-500,000nm、250-250,000nm、250-100,000nm、250-50,000nm、250-25,000nm、250-10,000nm、250-5,000nm、250-2,500nm、250-1,000nm、250-500nm、500-2,000,000nm、500-1,000,000nm、500-500,000nm、500-250,000nm、500-100,000nm、500-50,000nm、500-25,000nm、500-10,000nm、500-5,000nm、500-2,500nm、500-1,000nm、1,000-2,000,000nm、1,000-1,000,000nm、1,000-500,000nm、1,000-250,000nm、1,000-100,000nm、1,000-50,000nm、1,000-25,000nm、1,000-10,000nm、1,000-5,000nm、1,000-2,500nm、2,500-2,000,000nm、2,500-1,000,000nm、2,500-500,000nm、2,500-250,000nm、2,500-100,000nm、2,500-50,000nm、2,500-25,000nm、2,500-10,000nm、2,500-5,000nm、5,000-2,000,000nm、5,000-1,000,000nm、5,000-500,000nm、5,000-250,000nm、5,000-100,000nm、5,000-50,000nm、5,000-25,000nm、5,000-10,000nm、10,000-2,000,000nm、10,000-1,000,000nm、10,000-500,000nm、10,000-250,000nm、10,000-100,000nm、10,000-50,000nm、10,000-25,000nm、25,000-2,000,000nm、25,000-1,000,000nm、25,000-500,000nm、25,000-250,000nm、25,000-100,000nm、25,000-50,000nm、50,000-2,000,000nm、50,000-1,000,000nm、50,000-500,000nm、50,000-250,000nm、50,000-100,000nm、100,000-2,000,000nm、100,000-1,000,000nm、100,000-500,000nm、100,000-250,000nm、250,000-2,000,000nm、250,000-1,000,000nm、250,000-500,000nm、500,000-2,000,000nm、500,000-1,000,000nm或1,000,000-2,000,000nm的厚度(203)。
在某些实施例中,对于每50mm的片材宽度,可以存在至少1匝、至少2匝、至少3匝、至少4匝、至少5匝、至少6匝、至少7匝、至少8匝、至少9匝、至少10匝、至少15匝、至少20匝、至少25匝、或至少50匝。在一些实施例中,对于每50mm的片材宽度,可以存在1-50匝、2-50匝、2-25匝、2-15匝、2-10匝、或2-5匝。
在一些实施例中,装置(205)具有10-1,000mm、10-750mm、10-500mm、25-500mm、50-500mm、50-400mm、75-400mm、100-350mm或200-350mm的长度(207)。考虑到所涉及材料的性质,可植入装置不一定是完美的圆柱体。如本文所用,术语“直径”是指沿着长度垂直截取的任何横截面的最长长度。本文公开的可植入装置可具有0.1-10mm、0.1-8mm、0.25-8mm、0.5-8mm、1-8mm、1-5mm、1-4mm或2-5mm的直径。在一个优选的实施例中,所述装置具有约200-400mm的长度和约1-4mm的直径。
可生物侵蚀的纤维可具有50-10,000nm、100-10,000nm、250-10,000nm、500-10,000nm、1,000-10,000nm、2,500-10,000nm、5,000-10,000nm、50-1,000nm、100-1,000nm、250-1,000nm、500-1,000nm、50-500nm、50-250nm或50-100nm的平均纤维直径。
装置可以进一步用系带或网包裹,以在植入之前保持所述装置的形状。本领域中众所周知的可生物侵蚀的缝合材料可用于所述系带或网。
活性剂可分散在整个装置中。(a)可生物侵蚀的聚合物与(b)活性剂的重量比可为100:1至1:10。在一些情况下,(a)与(b)的重量比可为50:1至1:10、50:1至1:5、50:1至1:1、25:1至1:1、10:1至1:1、8:1至1:1、6:1至1:1、5:1至1:1、4:1至1:1、3:1至1:1、2:1至1:1、或1.5:1至1:1。
根据一些实施例的本文公开的装置的特征在于活性剂在长时间段内的一致释放速率。例如,植入后,该装置可以释放治疗有效量的活性剂达至少3个月、至少6个月、至少9个月、至少12个月、至少18个月、至少24个月、至少30个月、至少36个月、至少42个月、至少48个月、至少54个月或至少60个月的时段。在一些情况下,本文公开的装置将释放治疗有效量的活性剂达1-60个月、3-60个月、1-54个月、3-54个月、3-48个月、6-48个月、9-48个月、12-48个月、12-36个月、12-24个月、12-18个月、18-48个月、24-48个月、24-42个月、30-42个月、30-60个月、36-60个月、42-60个月或48-60个月的时段。在其他实施例中,本文公开的装置将释放治疗有效量的活性剂达1-52周、1-48周、1-44周、1-40周、1-36周、1-30周、4-52周、8-52周、12-52周、12-44周、12-36周或12-24周的时段。
根据本文所述的一些实施例,本文的装置允许持续释放活性剂达以上界定的治疗期。某些先前药物递送系统的特征在于“突释”,这意味着在施用后,存在药物血浆浓度的迅速升高,之后是血浆浓度的迅速下降。在某些优选的实施例中,本文公开的装置的药物释放特性不表现出此类突发动力学。相反,在施用后,活性剂血浆浓度升高至目标血浆浓度,但基本上不超过目标血浆浓度。此外,所公开的装置允许在治疗期内持续释放活性剂。例如,如上所述,在治疗期内血浆浓度的变化不超过50%、45%、40%、35%、30%、25%、20%、15%、10%或5%。在某些优选的实施例中,血浆浓度在36个月的时段、30个月的时段、24个月的时段、18个月的时段、16个月的时段、14个月的时段或12个月的时段内变化不超过25%。
取决于可生物侵蚀的聚合物和装置的密度(即,片材长度的匝数),可植入装置可具有受控的降解速率。装置可以不超过1.0%质量/天、不超过0.75%质量/天、不超过0.5%质量/天、不超过0.25%质量/天、不超过0.20%质量/天、不超过0.15%质量/天、不超过0.10%质量/天、或不超过0.05%质量/天的速率降解。在某些实施例中,该装置将在植入后的即时时段中经历较快的降解。在此类实施例中,在植入之后二十周后,装置的质量将减少3-30%、3-25%、3-20%、3-15%、3-10%、5-10%或7.5-15%。如上文所定义,装置的其余部分将在治疗期内降解。
在一些优选的实施例中,非织造片材包括电纺可生物侵蚀的聚合物。在一些实施例中,可生物侵蚀的聚合物为足够疏水的,以控制活性剂的释放。可生物侵蚀的聚合物可具有大于约90°、大于约100°、大于约110°、大于约120°、大于约130°、大于约140°、大于约150°、或大于约160°的接触角。在一些实施例中,可生物侵蚀的聚合物可具有介于约90-150°之间、介于约100-150°之间、介于约110-150°之间、介于约120-150°之间、或介于约125-150°之间的接触角。
合适的聚合物包括聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酸酐、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚缩酮、聚缩醛、聚对二氧环己酮、聚酯酰胺、聚原酸酯、聚原碳酸酯、聚磷腈、多肽、聚乙烯、聚环氧烷、多糖、它们的共聚物、以及它们的组合。示例性的聚合物包括聚(己内酯)、聚(乙醇酸)、聚(乳酸)、聚(羟基丁酸酯);聚(马来酸酐);聚(苹果酸)、聚(乙二醇)、聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、聚(甲基乙烯基醚)、羟基纤维素;几丁质;壳聚糖;藻酸盐、透明质酸,以及它们的共聚物。也可以采用上述聚合物的组合。
在一些优选的实施例中,可植入装置包含一种或多种聚(乳酸)聚合物,诸如聚(L-乳酸)、聚(D-乳酸)、聚(D/L-乳酸)、它们的共聚物,以及它们的组合。聚(乳酸)的分子量可为10,000-2,500,000g/mol、50,000-2,500,000g/mol、100,000-2,500,000g/mol、250,000-2,500,000g/mol、100,000-2,000,000g/mol、100,000-1,500,000g/mol、100,000-1,000,000g/mol、250,000-1,000,000g/mol、500,000-1,000,000g/mol或250,000-900,000g/mol。
在一些实施例中,可生物侵蚀的聚合物可包括聚(乳酸-共聚-乙醇酸)(“PLGA”)、聚己内酯、聚乙交酯、聚羟基丁酸、聚(癸二酸)、聚[1,6-双(对羧基苯氧基)己烷]中的一种或多种,以及它们的混合物。在某些情况下,聚己内酯可以与其他聚合物体系组合使用。合适的其他体系包括聚(乙二醇)(“PEG”)和PEG共聚物。示例性共聚物包括聚己内酯-聚(乙二醇)。
对能够使用本文公开的可植入装置递送的活性剂的类型没有特别限制。在优选的实施例中,活性剂是在数周、数月或数年的时段内定期施用的药物。合适的药剂包括镇痛药;抗焦虑药;抗关节炎药;抗哮喘药;抗癌药;抗胆碱能药;抗胆碱酯酶药;抗惊厥药;抗抑郁药;抗糖尿病药;止泻药;止吐药;抗组胺药;抗高血脂药;抗感染药;抗炎药;抗偏头痛药;抗肥胖药;止痒药;抗精神病药;抗痉挛药;神经系统药;心血管药物;利尿剂;胃肠道药物;激素;抗激素药;催眠药;免疫抑制剂;白三烯抑制剂;麻醉激动剂、麻醉拮抗剂;神经递质;烟碱;核酸;多肽药物;溶栓剂;血管舒张药;或它们的组合。
一些优选的活性剂包括避孕药。例如,活性剂可以是孕激素,诸如21-乙酰氧孕烯醇酮;烯丙雌醇;阿那孕酮(17α-羟基-6α-甲基孕甾-4-烯-20-酮);17α-醋酸阿那孕酮;氯地孕酮;17α-醋酸氯地孕酮;氯乙炔基甲基炔诺酮;环丙孕酮;17α-醋酸环丙孕酮;去氧孕烯;地诺孕素;二甲炔酮(6α,21-双甲乙炔睾酮);屈螺酮(1,2-二氢螺利酮);炔孕酮(17α-乙炔睾酮或孕烯炔醇酮);去氢氯炔诺酮;双醋炔诺酮(双醋酸炔诺醇);依托孕烯(11-亚甲基-左-炔诺孕酮;3-酮-去氧孕烯);孕二烯酮;羟孕酮(17α-羟孕酮);己酸羟孕酮;醋酸羟孕酮;庚酸羟孕酮;左炔诺孕酮;利奈烯醇;美屈孕酮(6,17α-二甲基-6-去氢黄体酮);甲羟孕酮;醋酸甲羟孕酮;甲地孕酮;醋酸甲地孕酮;醋酸烯诺孕酮(segesterone acetate);诺美孕酮;醋酸诺美孕酮;炔诺酮(去甲脱氢羟孕酮;19-去甲-17α-乙炔睾酮);甲基孕酮(17-去乙酰基诺孕酯);异炔诺酮;诺孕烯酮;黄体酮;以及逆孕酮。在某些实施例中,可以递送孕激素的组合。一种优选的避孕剂是依托孕烯。
在一些情况下,活性剂可以是雌激素化合物。合适的雌激素化合物包括雌二醇;雌二醇酯,包括雌二醇苯甲酸酯、雌二醇戊酸酯、雌二醇环戊丙酸酯、雌二醇庚酸酯、雌二醇癸酸酯、雌二醇醋酸酯和雌二醇双醋酸酯;17α-雌二醇;乙炔雌二醇,乙炔雌二醇酯(例如,3-醋酸乙炔雌二醇酯和3-苯甲酸乙炔雌二醇酯);雌三醇;琥珀酸雌三醇;磷酸多雌醇(polyestrol phosphate);雌酮、雌酮酯(例如,醋酸雌酮、硫酸雌酮和硫酸哌嗪雌酮);炔雌醚(quinestrol);炔雌醇甲醚;共轭雌激素,以及它们的组合。
在一些情况下,可以使用所公开的装置来施用一种或多种激素和激素治疗剂。示例性的此类试剂包括促性腺激素释放激素。
在一些情况下,活性剂包括抗成瘾药。此类药剂可以减少与诸如麻醉剂或酒精等成瘾性物质相关的渴求或欣快感。当患者服用所述成瘾性物质时,一些药物,如双硫仑,也可能引起严重的不适。然而,在口服施用抗成瘾药的情况下,患者依从性可能成为问题。根据一些实施例,可以使用本文公开的可植入装置来克服依从性问题。对于此类实施例,活性剂可包括一种或多种抗成瘾药,如双硫仑、鬼伞菌素(coprine)、阿坎酸、氰胺钙、洛非西定、美沙酮、丁丙诺啡或纳曲酮。
在其他实施例中,活性剂包括CNS治疗剂,例如抗精神病药,诸如帕潘立酮、利培酮、卢拉西酮、伊潘立酮、齐拉西酮、阿立哌唑、依匹哌唑、卡利拉嗪、阿塞那平、氯氮平、奥氮平、喹硫平、佐替平、布南色林、匹莫范色林(pimavanserin)、舍吲哚、吩噻嗪类、噻吨、丁酰苯类(诸如苯哌利多、溴哌利多、氟哌利多、氟哌啶醇和替米哌隆)。活性剂可以是胆碱酯酶抑制剂,诸如毒扁豆碱、新斯的明、吡啶斯的明、安贝氯铵、地美溴铵、卡巴拉汀、加兰他敏,以及多奈哌齐。其他合适的CNS剂包括美金胺(memantine)和麦角生物碱。
在其他实施例中,活性剂包括一种或多种兽药,诸如抗寄生虫药、抗原生动物药、抗生素、杀虫剂、驱虫药、抗真菌药、抗炎药、抗风湿药、类固醇,以及它们的组合。
根据本文公开的一些实施例的装置可以包括至少一种不透射线材料。此类材料可用于导向所述装置的植入,以及所述装置的去除(如果在所述装置完全降解之前出现这种需要的话)。示例性的不透射线的材料包括元素(诸如钡、铋、钛、碘或钨)和化合物(包括硫酸钡、氧化钛、三氧化铋、三碘化苯),以及钨金属可以作为合适的不透射线材料。不透射线材料可以按重量计2-25%、5-25%、5-20%、5-15%或5-10%的量包含在装置中。
可以使用电纺技术从如本文所述的可生物侵蚀的聚合物、活性剂、溶剂和其他任选组分的混合物产生非织造纤维,以制备可植入的药物递送装置。
合适的电纺技术包括常规的有针电纺和自由表面电纺。自由表面电纺包括无针电纺和气泡电纺。示例性的自由表面电纺技术在U.S.9,903,050中公开,该专利的内容据此整体并入。
在有针电纺中,将包含可生物侵蚀的聚合物和活性剂的溶液进料穿过充电至相对于接地收集器的较高电位的一根或多根针。由于注入的电荷积聚在针处的细长溶液前端上,因此电斥力抵消了表面张力,并在射流向电接地加速时对所述射流进行拉伸。由于所述射流与外部电场之间的相互作用以及所述射流内部的电荷排斥,因此带电射流经历搅动不稳定性,从而使所述射流进一步拉伸变薄。同时,溶剂蒸发和聚合物链的缠结阻止射流破裂,从而使细纤维作为无规非织造垫沉积在收集器上。
一根或多根针可具有10-34、15-34、15-30、20-30或25-30的规格。在一些实施例中,针可具有至少10、至少15、至少20、至少25或至少30的规格。溶液可以0.005-0.5ml/hr、0.01-0.25ml/hr、0.01-0.1ml/hr、0.025-0.1ml/hr或0.025-0.075ml/hr的速率穿过针。
在示例性的自由表面电纺方法中,将电压施加到线电极上,将所述线电极牵拉穿过包含可生物侵蚀的聚合物和活性剂的溶液。当将所述电极从溶液中移出时,涂膜溶液经历普拉托-瑞利不稳定性(Plateau-Rayleigh instability),致使在所述电极上形成溶液珠粒。在电场存在下,所述珠粒变形成泰勒锥(Taylor cone),然后如上所述使用常规的有针电纺朝向相邻的接地收集器喷射。
线电极可具有10-1,000μm、25-1,000μm、100-1,000μm、250-1,000μm、500-1,000μm、10-500μm、25-500μm、100-500μm、250-500μm、10-250μm、25-250μm、50-250μm或100-250μm的半径。
线电极可以安装在锭子上,锭子使线电极旋转进出溶液。旋转频率可为1-50rpm、1-40rpm、1-30rpm、1-25rpm、1-20rpm、1-15rpm、1-10rpm、1-5rpm、2-25rpm、2-20rpm、2-15rpm、2-10rpm、2-5rpm、5-25rpm、5-20rpm、5-15rpm、5-10rpm、5-15rpm或10-15rpm。在一些情况下,可以在同一锭子上安装多个电极。
用于上述电纺工艺的施加电压可为1-100kV、约2-50kV、约5-50kV、约10-50kV、约10-30kV、约15-30kV或约20-30kV。
接地收集器与泰勒锥的产生位置间隔开。例如,产生的泰勒锥与接地收集器之间的距离可为1-100cm、1-50cm、5-50cm、5-75cm、10-50cm、10-75cm、20-40cm或25-35cm。
在一些实施例中,收集器是平板。在一些实施例中,平板是固定的,而在其他实施例中,平板在电纺过程中沿着垂直于泰勒锥与收集表面之间的材料流的轴线移动,以提供连续的电纺过程。在其他实施例中,收集器是旋转鼓轮,所述旋转鼓轮允许连续收获电纺片材。在另外的实施例中,收集器是旋转的心轴。在该实施例中,可以直接从电纺工艺获得具有卷绕构造的可植入药物递送装置。心轴可具有10-10,000μm、50-10,000μm、100-10,000μm、250-10,000μm、500-10,000μm、1,000-10,000μm、100-5,000μm、500-5,000μm、500-2,500μm、10,000-100,000μm、25,000-100,000μm、50,000-100,000μm、10,000-500,000μm、100,000-500,000μm或250,000-500,000μm的半径。心轴可以10-5,000rpm、10-2,500rpm、10-1,000rpm、50-1,000rpm、100-1,000rpm、100-500rpm或500-1,000的速率旋转。
合适的溶剂包括非质子溶剂,如二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、卤代烃(如氯仿和二氯甲烷)、醚(如四氢呋喃(THF)和二乙醚)、含羰基或腈的化合物(如二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、丙酮、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、甲基乙基酮),等等。合适的溶剂还可包括质子溶剂,诸如水、有机酸(如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、三氯乙酸、氯乙酸、三氟乙酸等)或醇(如甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇、异丙醇和正丙醇)。在一些实施例中,溶剂可以是两种溶剂(例如卤代烃和含羰基的溶剂)的混合物。
可生物侵蚀的聚合物与活性剂的重量比可为5:1至1:5、2.5:1至1:2.5、2.5:1至1:1、2:1至1:1、或1.5:1至1:1。溶液中可生物侵蚀的聚合物的浓度可为0.01-1,000mg/ml、0.1-1,000mg/ml、1-1,000mg/ml、0.1-500mg/ml、0.1-250mg/ml、0.1-100mg/ml、0.1-50mg/ml、1-100mg/ml、1-50mg/ml、5-50mg/ml、10-50mg/ml、或15-25mg/ml。
在包含不透射线材料的那些实施例中,不透射线材料可以包含在用于电纺的溶液中。
对于采用扁平或鼓式收集器的实施例,可通过将垫沿着轴线滚动来将所得垫转变成药物装置。在一些实施例中,可以将所述垫切割成期望的长度和宽度并随后卷起,而在其他实施例中,可以将所述垫卷起并随后切割成期望的形状。
本文公开的装置可以皮下植入受试者体内的各个位置,例如上臂、大腿或躯干中。在其他实施例中,所述装置可以阴道内、血管内、眼内、鞘内和腹膜内地植入。所述装置还可用于部位选择性药物递送,例如在心脏和脑组织中。在其他情况下,所述装置可以直接植入到肿瘤或感染部位中或附近。
本文公开的装置可用于治疗或预防多种医学病症。例如,所述装置可用于治疗神经系统疾病,诸如阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病、帕金森病、多发性硬化症、发作性睡病、癫痫、抽搐症、瘫痪、震颤和痴呆。在其他实施例中,所述装置可以用于治疗性早熟等病症。在另外的实施例中,本文公开的装置可以用于治疗癌症。技术人员能够选择合适的化学治疗剂来治疗特定的癌症。在其他实施例中,所述装置可用于治疗成瘾并防止康复成瘾者复发。
在一个优选的实施例中,本文公开的装置可用于预防哺乳动物怀孕。可以使所述装置装载一种或多种如上所定义的避孕剂,并植入到目标受试者体内。
如果希望在药剂完全释放和降解之前将装置取出,则可以使用常规的外科手术技术在如上所述的不透射线材料的辅助下取出装置。在一些实施例中,可以通过注入适当的酸或碱溶液来改变装置周围的局部pH,来加速装置的降解。
实例
以下实例仅用于说明本发明的某些方面和实施例,而非旨在以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
使用涡旋仪将0.140g PLLA与4.8mL氯仿在20mL闪烁小瓶中混合。一旦PLLA溶解并且在所述小瓶中不再看到可见的固体,则将1.2mL丙酮加入到所述小瓶中,并在涡旋仪上混合2分钟。然后将100mg依托孕烯添加到小瓶中,并使用涡旋仪混合。所得溶液应该是粘性的,但不应太稠。将该溶液吸入注射器中,并置于线性致动器和管道中,该管道通向固定在金属板上的针,该金属板连接至设定为23.7kV的电池。将以铝箔覆盖的收集器板设置为距针尖25-35cm。迫使溶液以0.06ml/hr的速率穿过针,然后将所得纤维收集到板上。将纤维与板分离并卷绕,以得到可植入装置。
所附权利要求书的装置和方法不限于本文所述的具体组合物和方法的范围,这些装置和方法旨在说明权利要求书的一些方面,并且功能上等效的任何装置和方法都旨在落入权利要求书的范围内。除本文示出和描述的那些装置和方法以外,对装置和方法的各种修改也都旨在落入所附权利要求书的范围内。此外,虽然仅具体描述了本文所公开的某些代表性装置和方法步骤,但是即使没有具体叙述,装置和方法步骤的其他组合也旨在落入所附权利要求书的范围内。因此,本文可以明确地提及步骤、元件、部件或成分的组合或更少,但是,即使未明确说明,也包括步骤、元件、部件和成分的其他组合。如本文所用的术语“包含”及其变体与术语“包括”及其变体同义使用,并且为开放的非限制性术语。尽管本文已经使用术语“包含”和“包括”来描述各种实施例,但是可使用术语“基本上由…组成”和“由…组成”来代替“包含”和“包括”以提供用于本发明的更具体的实施例,并且也得到公开。除了在实施例中的或另有说明的情况以外,在说明书和权利要求书中使用的所有表示成分的量、反应条件等的数字应当至少理解为根据有效数字的位数和普通的四舍五入方法来解释,而非试图限制等同原则在权利要求书范围的应用。
Claims (36)
1.一种可生物侵蚀的药物递送装置,所述可生物侵蚀的药物递送装置包括具有某一长度、宽度和厚度的非织造片材,所述片材呈卷绕构造,所述卷绕构造包括沿着平行于所述片材长度且垂直于所述片材宽度的轴线的多匝,其中所述非织造片材包含可生物侵蚀的聚合物和至少一种活性剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述片材具有50-2,000,000nm的厚度。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述片材具有20-500mm的宽度,并且每50mm的宽度包括至少2匝。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的装置,其中所述非织造片材包含电纺可生物侵蚀的聚合物。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的装置,其中所述可生物侵蚀的聚合物包括聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酸酐、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚缩酮、聚缩醛、聚对二氧环己酮、聚酯酰胺、聚原酸酯、聚原碳酸酯、聚磷腈、多肽、聚乙烯、聚环氧烷、多糖、它们的共聚物、或它们的组合。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的装置,其中所述可生物侵蚀的聚合物包括聚(己内酯)、聚(乙醇酸)、聚(乳酸)、聚(羟基丁酸酯);聚(马来酸酐);聚(苹果酸)、聚(乙二醇)、聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、聚(甲基乙烯基醚)、羟基纤维素;几丁质;壳聚糖;藻酸盐、透明质酸、它们的共聚物、或它们的组合。
7.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的装置,其中所述可生物侵蚀的聚合物包括聚(乳酸),所述聚(乳酸)选自聚(L-乳酸)、聚(D-乳酸)、聚(D/L-乳酸)、它们的共聚物和它们的组合。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的装置,其中所述可生物侵蚀的聚合物包括分子量为50,000-2,500,000g/mol的聚(乳酸)。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的装置,其中所述活性剂包括一种或多种镇痛药;抗焦虑药;抗关节炎药;抗哮喘药;抗癌药;抗胆碱能药;抗胆碱酯酶药;抗惊厥药;抗抑郁药;抗糖尿病药;止泻药;止吐药;抗组胺药;抗高血脂药;抗感染药;抗炎药;抗偏头痛药;抗肥胖药;止痒药;抗精神病药;抗痉挛药;神经系统药;心血管药物;利尿剂;胃肠道药物;激素;抗激素药;催眠药;免疫抑制剂;白三烯抑制剂;麻醉激动剂、麻醉拮抗剂;神经递质;烟碱;核酸;多肽药物;溶栓剂;血管舒张药;或它们的组合。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的装置,其中所述活性剂包括选自由以下项组成的组的孕激素:21-乙酰氧孕烯醇酮;烯丙雌醇;阿那孕酮(17α-羟基-6α-甲基孕甾-4-烯-20-酮);17α-醋酸阿那孕酮;氯地孕酮;17α-醋酸氯地孕酮;氯乙炔基甲基炔诺酮;环丙孕酮;17α-醋酸环丙孕酮;去氧孕烯;地诺孕素;二甲炔酮(6α,21-双甲乙炔睾酮);屈螺酮(1,2-二氢螺利酮);炔孕酮(17α-乙炔睾酮或孕烯炔醇酮);去氢氯炔诺酮;双醋炔诺酮(双醋酸炔诺醇);依托孕烯(11-亚甲基-左-炔诺孕酮;3-酮-去氧孕烯);孕二烯酮;羟孕酮(17α-羟孕酮);己酸羟孕酮;醋酸羟孕酮;庚酸羟孕酮;左炔诺孕酮;利奈孕酮;美屈孕酮(6,17α-二甲基-6-去氢黄体酮);甲羟孕酮;醋酸甲羟孕酮;甲地孕酮;醋酸甲地孕酮;醋酸烯诺孕酮;诺美孕酮;醋酸诺美孕酮;炔诺酮(去甲脱氢羟孕酮;19-去甲-17α-乙炔睾酮);甲基孕酮(17-去乙酰基诺孕酯);异炔诺酮;诺孕烯酮;黄体酮;逆孕酮,以及它们的组合。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的装置,其中所述活性剂包括选自由以下项组成的组的雌激素化合物:雌二醇;雌二醇酯,包括雌二醇苯甲酸酯、雌二醇戊酸酯、雌二醇环戊丙酸酯、雌二醇庚酸酯、雌二醇癸酸酯、雌二醇醋酸酯和雌二醇双醋酸酯;17α-雌二醇;乙炔雌二醇,乙炔雌二醇酯(例如,3-醋酸乙炔雌二醇酯和3-苯甲酸乙炔雌二醇酯);雌三醇;琥珀酸雌三醇;磷酸多雌醇;雌酮、雌酮酯(例如,醋酸雌酮、硫酸雌酮和硫酸哌嗪雌酮);炔雌醚;炔雌醇甲醚;共轭雌激素,以及它们的组合。
12.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的装置,其中所述活性剂包括促性腺激素释放激素。
13.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的装置,其中所述活性剂包括洛非西定、美沙酮、丁丙诺啡或纳曲酮。
14.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的装置,其中所述活性剂包括一种或多种兽药。
15.根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中所述兽药包括至少一种抗寄生虫药、抗原生动物药、抗生素、杀虫剂、驱虫药、抗真菌药、抗炎药、抗风湿药、类固醇、或它们的组合。
16.一种制备根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的装置的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)从电压源向溶液施加电压以形成带电溶液,
(b)形成至少一滴带电溶液,
(c)沿着第一轴线在与所述液滴间隔开的接地收集器上形成非织造纤维,以及
(d)将所述收集到的纤维转变成卷绕构造。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述至少一个液滴是通过使所述溶液穿过针而形成的。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述针与所述电压源是电连通的。
19.根据权利要求17或权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述针具有10-34的针规。
20.根据权利要求17-19中任一项所述的方法,其中所述至少一个液滴是通过使所述带电溶液以0.05-0.5ml/hr的速率穿过针而形成的。
21.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述至少一个液滴是通过使线材暂时穿过所述溶液而形成的。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述线材与所述电压源是电连通的。
23.根据权利要求21或权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述线材具有50-500μm的直径。
24.根据权利要求21-23中任一项所述的方法,其中使所述线材以2-30次/分钟重复穿过所述溶液。
25.根据权利要求16-24中任一项所述的方法,其中所述接地收集器是平坦的表面。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述接地收集器沿着垂直于所述第一轴线的轴线偏移。
27.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述收集器是旋转杆。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述旋转杆具有500-500,000μm的直径。
29.根据权利要求27或权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述旋转杆以100-1,000转/分钟的速率旋转。
30.根据权利要求16-29中任一项所述的方法,其中所述可生物侵蚀的聚合物与活性剂的重量比为5:1至1:5、2.5:1至1:2.5、2.5:1至1:1、2:1至1:1、或1.5:1至1:1。
31.根据权利要求16-30中任一项所述的方法,其中所述溶液中可生物侵蚀的聚合物的浓度为0.01-1,000mg/ml、0.1-1,000mg/ml、1-1,000mg/ml、0.1-500mg/ml、0.1-250mg/ml、0.1-100mg/ml、0.1-50mg/ml、1-100mg/ml、1-50mg/ml、5-50mg/ml、10-50mg/ml、或15-25mg/ml。
32.根据权利要求16-31中任一项所述的方法,其中所述电压为约1-100kV、约2-50kV、约5-50kV、约10-50kV、约10-30kV、约15-30kV、或约20-30kV。
33.根据权利要求16-32中任一项所述的方法,其中所述液滴与接地收集器之间的距离为1-100cm、1-50cm、5-50cm、5-75cm、10-50cm、10-75cm、20-40cm、或25-35cm。
34.一种通过根据权利要求16-33中任一项所述的方法制备的药物递送装置。
35.一种预防哺乳动物怀孕的方法,所述方法包括在所述哺乳动物体内植入可生物侵蚀的药物递送装置,所述装置包括具有某一长度、宽度和厚度的非织造片材,所述片材呈卷绕构造,所述卷绕构造包括沿着平行于所述片材长度且垂直于所述片材宽度的轴线的多匝,其中所述非织造片材包含可生物侵蚀的聚合物和至少一种避孕药。
36.根据权利要求35所述的方法,其中所述避孕药包括依依托孕烯。
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