CN111028097A - Soil profile water yield utilization calculation method based on profile water content and underground water burial depth - Google Patents

Soil profile water yield utilization calculation method based on profile water content and underground water burial depth Download PDF

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CN111028097A
CN111028097A CN201911354928.9A CN201911354928A CN111028097A CN 111028097 A CN111028097 A CN 111028097A CN 201911354928 A CN201911354928 A CN 201911354928A CN 111028097 A CN111028097 A CN 111028097A
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朱焱
赵天兴
毛威
杨洋
杨金忠
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for calculating the utilization amount of water of a soil profile based on profile water content and underground water burial depth, which mainly comprises the following steps: preparing and checking data; correcting and interpolating the volume water content, and giving the water content of the whole calculated section by adopting a three-section interpolation method; selecting a calculation area range to calculate the water storage capacity of the soil profile; finally, the water utilization amount of the soil profile is obtained by calculating the difference between the water storage amounts of the soil profile at the beginning and the end of the time period; meanwhile, the utilization amount of the groundwater in the saturation zone is calculated by utilizing the water storage amount change of the groundwater burial depth fluctuation zone, and the utilization amount of the soil water in the unsaturated zone is further reversely deduced, so that the vertical distribution condition of the utilization amount of the water amount of the soil profile is obtained. The method utilizes the actually measured water content data and extends the actually measured water content data to the whole calculation section, and calculates the utilization amount of the groundwater in the saturation zone and the utilization amount of the soil water in the unsaturated zone by segmenting the calculation area, thereby providing data support for distinguishing the source of the water utilization amount of the soil section.

Description

Soil profile water yield utilization calculation method based on profile water content and underground water burial depth
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water conservancy calculation, relates to the field of soil water and underground water calculation, and particularly relates to a soil profile water utilization amount calculation method based on profile water content and underground water burial depth, which is used for calculating profile water utilization amount (utilization amount of soil water and underground water) in arid plain areas.
Background
In recent decades, the agricultural irrigation area of the world is rapidly increased, and irrigation water accounts for more than half of the total water consumption of most countries, so that the contradiction between water resource supply and demand is extremely prominent. In addition, in arid regions in northwest of China, the problem of structural imbalance of water resource supply and demand in time still exists, and the contradiction between water resource supply and demand is further aggravated. In the growth stage of spring and summer, the crop needs more water, and the natural water is less; in autumn, the harvest stage of crops is mature, but the natural water is much. Therefore, the method stores water in the soil by using ground water coming from the non-growing period with a larger irrigation rate to meet the water requirement of the crops in the growing period of the next year, and becomes an important seasonal adjusting means for reducing the water consumption at the peak of irrigation. The reuse of the stored water in the soil is an important source of water resources required by the growth period crops, and the quantitative analysis of the utilization amount of the profile water of the soil is very key to regional water resource management and the formulation of the irrigation system of the growth period crops.
The existing method for calculating the utilization amount of the water of the soil profile has the following defects:
(1) more calculation methods are directly calculated by the product of the water supply degree and the buried depth variation, and the water supply degree value is difficult to determine. The physical meaning of the water supply degree obtained by a generally adopted water pumping test is inconsistent with the physical meaning of the water supply degree adopted in a soil profile water utilization calculation formula, and underestimation of a result can be caused when the water supply degree is adopted to calculate the soil profile water utilization.
(2) The existing method for calculating the utilization amount of the profile water mainly focuses on the utilization amount of groundwater in a saturation zone, and ignores the utilization amount of unsaturated soil water stored in an unsaturated zone. However, the measured data show that the amount of water stored in the soil and utilized by the crops in the growth period is large and cannot be ignored.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing method for calculating the water utilization amount of the soil profile, the invention provides a method for calculating the water utilization amount of the soil profile based on the profile water content and the underground water burial depth. The method utilizes the three-section interpolation method provided by the invention to extend the actually measured water content data to the whole saturated-unsaturated calculation section, and utilizes the water content data of the whole section to calculate the water storage capacity of the soil section. On the premise of neglecting the movement of water in the horizontal direction (for a drought plain area, the movement direction of water in a saturated-unsaturated zone in the field is mainly vertical), the total utilization amount of the water of the soil profile in the calculation time period is calculated by utilizing the difference between the initial profile and the final profile of the calculation time period. Meanwhile, the groundwater buried depth at the beginning of the calculation time period is used as separation, the utilization amount of the water quantity of the soil profile is divided into the utilization amount of the soil water in the unsaturated zone and the utilization amount of the groundwater in the saturated zone, and then the vertical distribution condition of the utilization amount of the water quantity of the soil profile is obtained. The method can simply and accurately calculate the utilization amount of the water quantity of the soil profile of the area.
To solve the above calculation problem, the present invention is realized by the following steps:
a soil profile water utilization amount calculation method based on profile water content and groundwater burial depth comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing and checking data;
and collecting data such as soil moisture content data, underground water burial depth data, volume weight, saturated moisture content, soil texture and the like in the calculation area, and performing data inspection and format unified processing on the collected data.
And simultaneously converting the mass water content into volume water content. The measured soil moisture content data is generally measured by a drying method (the measured value is the mass moisture content), so the measured mass moisture content is converted into the volume moisture content, the calculation formula is as follows,
θv＝γ×θmformula (1)
Wherein: thetavIs volume water content, cm3/cm3；θmThe water content is mass water content, g/g; gamma is soil volume weight, g/cm3。
Step 2: correcting and interpolating the volume water content;
the actually measured moisture content is data actually measured in the field at different times, sampling places are slightly different, the texture difference of the soil in the same sampling layer at different sampling times is large, the moisture content data are subjected to mutation, the values need to be rejected, and meanwhile, the moisture content result of the layer is replaced by the moisture content mean value of the upper layer and the lower layer of the rejected layer. The calculation formula is as follows,
Figure BDA0002335641450000021
wherein: theta'iVolume water content (or mass water content) in cm for eliminating layer3/cm3；θ’i+1And θ'i-1The volume water content (or mass water content) of the lower layer and the upper layer of the rejection layer are respectively expressed in cm3/cm3。
The water content of the whole section of the calculation area is given by a three-section interpolation method provided by the invention. The calculation area is divided into three sections from top to bottom, the first section is an actual measurement section and consists of multiple layers of actual measurement moisture content data, abnormal data are removed from the actual measurement data according to the method, a general sampling layer is smaller than the buried depth of underground water, and a section without moisture content data exists;
taking the water content below the buried depth of the underground water as the saturated water content, wherein the section is a third section, and considering the section as a layer because the water content is unchanged; and a second section is arranged between the maximum sampling depth and the underground water burial depth, the water content data of the second section is not changed greatly, linear interpolation is considered, the interpolation is an average value of the saturated water content and the maximum water content of the sampling layer, the section is considered as one layer, and therefore the total number of layers of the calculated section is equal to the number of layers of the first section plus 2. The calculation formula is as follows,
Figure BDA0002335641450000022
wherein: thetaiThe percentage of water used, cm, was calculated for each layer3/cm3；θoviIs the measured moisture content of the ith layer of the first section in cm3/cm3；θovmIs the maximum actually measured water content of the first section sampling layer in cm3/cm3；θsIs saturated water content in cm3/cm3；ziIn order to calculate the depth corresponding to each layer on the section, the mean value of the depth of the upper side and the depth of the lower side of the calculated layer, cm, is considered; z is a radical ofovmIs the maximum depth of the sampling layer, cm; wtd is groundwater burial depth, cm.
And step 3: selecting a calculation area range, and calculating the water storage capacity of the soil profile;
and selecting a calculation area range according to the underground water burial depth condition of the research area. Considering that the range of the calculation area should include the range of the change of the water storage capacity of the soil body in the whole calculation time period, the maximum depth of the selected calculation area is larger than the underground water burial depth at the beginning and the end of the calculation time period.
The water storage capacity of each layer in unit area is calculated by the product of the soil moisture content of the layer and the thickness of the calculated layer, the water storage capacity calculation formula of the whole calculation section is as follows,
Figure BDA0002335641450000031
wherein: w is the water storage capacity of a soil section in unit area, and is cm; diIs the layer thickness, cm; thetaiCalculating the volume water content of the layer; n is the total number of layers calculated.
And 4, step 4: calculating the water utilization amount of the soil profile;
the horizontal movement of the soil moisture considered in the invention can be ignored, and the vertical movement is mainly considered. After the calculation time interval is selected, the water storage capacity of the soil profile at the beginning and the end of the time interval is calculated, the utilization amount of the water storage capacity of the profile at the calculation time interval is obtained according to the difference of the water storage capacity of the profile at the beginning and the end of the calculation time interval, the calculation formula is as follows,
ΔW＝W1-W2formula (5)
Wherein: Δ W is the utilization amount of water in the soil profile per unit area, cm; w1And W2Calculating the water storage capacity of the soil section in unit area at the beginning and the end of the time period, namely cm; n is the number of calculated layers.
Distinguishing the utilization amount of soil water and the utilization amount of underground water, wherein the calculation method of the utilization amount of the underground water comprises the following steps:
step 5, after the calculation time period of the step 4, the water storage of the soil body is utilized, and the sources of the water storage of the soil body are as follows: 1) utilization of unsaturated zone soil stored water, 2) underground water burial depth is reduced, and the utilization amount of the underground water stored water is changed by the underground water burial depth. Based on the above, the invention uses the groundwater burial depth from the initial time of calculation as separation, uses the water storage utilization from the earth surface to the initial groundwater burial depth of calculation as soil water utilization amount, uses the water storage utilization amount of groundwater burial depth variation zone from the initial time of calculation and the final time of calculation as groundwater utilization amount, and has the following calculation formula,
Figure BDA0002335641450000032
ΔWs＝ΔW-ΔWgformula (7)
Wherein: Δ WgThe amount of groundwater utilization per unit area, cm; wtd1For calculating the groundwater burial depth at the beginning of the time period wtd2Calculating the buried depth of the underground water at the end of the time period; thetat0For calculating the water content theta of the groundwater buried depth variation zone at the beginning of the time periodt1For calculating the water content of the underground water buried depth fluctuation zone at the end of the time period, cm3/cm3(ii) a z is the depth of the calculation layer, cm; Δ WsIs the soil water utilization per unit area, cm.
Furthermore, a plurality of monitoring points can be set when soil moisture content data, underground water burial depth data, volume weight, saturated moisture content and soil texture data in a calculation area are collected, the volume moisture content is an average value of the plurality of monitoring points, and the elimination of mutation data needs to be carried out before the average value is obtained, so that not only can the mutation value of the actually measured mass moisture content be directly eliminated, but also the converted volume moisture content mutation value can be eliminated, and the moisture content result of the layer is replaced by the moisture content average value of the upper layer and the lower layer of the elimination layer of the monitoring points after the elimination.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the three-section interpolation method provided by the invention gives the water content of the whole calculated section; selecting a calculation area range to calculate the water storage capacity of the soil profile; finally, the water utilization amount of the soil profile is obtained by calculating the difference between the water storage amounts of the soil profile at the beginning and the end of the time period; meanwhile, the utilization amount of the groundwater in the saturation zone is calculated by utilizing the water storage amount change of the groundwater burial depth fluctuation zone, and the utilization amount of the soil water in the unsaturated zone is further reversely deduced, so that the vertical distribution condition of the utilization amount of the water amount of the soil profile is obtained. The invention utilizes the actually measured water content data and extends the actually measured water content data to the whole calculation section, and utilizes the water content data of the whole section to calculate the section water volume, thereby being a calculation method directly based on data. By segmenting the calculation area, the utilization amount of groundwater in a saturation zone and the utilization amount of soil water in an unsaturated zone are calculated, and data support is provided for distinguishing the sources of the utilization amount of the water amount of the soil profile. The method is based on data, and is simple and practical.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the calculation of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the geographical location of the irrigation area of the relief gate and the distribution of underground water and soil water monitoring points.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of water storage capacity of a soil profile.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the calculation of the water usage amount of the soil profile.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The invention establishes a calculation method for directly solving the water utilization of the soil profile according to the data, the method considers the water utilization of the integral soil profile, makes up the defect that the prior method neglects or underestimates the water utilization of the soil in the unsaturated zone, is simple and practical, can quickly and accurately calculate the water utilization of the soil profile, quantitatively distinguishes the water utilization of the soil in the unsaturated zone and the groundwater utilization of the saturated zone, and provides reference for regional water resource management.
Example (b): method for calculating soil profile water utilization based on profile water content and underground water burial depth
Study subjects: utilization amount of water of soil profile of release gate irrigation area of river-sleeve irrigation area of inner Mongolia of China in growth period of 2007
The overall calculation flow is shown in fig. 1.
1. Data preparation and inspection
And collecting data of the water content of soil at the beginning and the end of the growth period, underground water buried depth data, volume weight, saturated water content and the like actually measured in 2007 of the release gate irrigation area of the calculation area, and preparing for subsequent calculation. In the calculation of the embodiment, the average moisture content condition of the whole area is reflected by the moisture content mean value of the soil monitoring point at the irrigation area 22 of the relief gate in the same monitoring period, and is matched with the moisture content data, and the groundwater burial depth data is considered as the average condition of the whole area reflected by the groundwater burial depth around the soil monitoring point at the position 22. The measured soil moisture content data is measured by a drying method, the measured data is mass moisture content, volume moisture content data is adopted in the following calculation, and the volume moisture content is obtained by the product of the mass moisture content and the volume weight of the soil.
A schematic diagram of an open gate irrigation area of an inner Mongolia river-sleeve irrigation area is shown in figure 2.
The average value of the actually measured soil moisture content data at the beginning and end of the growth period of 22 monitoring points after the differential correction and mutation data elimination is shown in table 1, and the converted volume moisture content is shown in table 2.
Table 1: average value of actually measured weight water content of 22 monitoring points
Figure BDA0002335641450000051
Table 2: calculation of volumetric Water content in the calculation region (volume weight: 1.431 g/cm)3)
Figure BDA0002335641450000052
2. Volumetric water cut correction and interpolation
Actually measured moisture content is data actually measured in the field at different times, sampling positions at the same place at different times are close but not completely consistent, the soil quality difference of the same sampling layer is extremely large when two times of sampling exist, the moisture content difference at the beginning and the end of a calculation period cannot reflect the real situation, the moisture content needs to be eliminated, in the calculation, the moisture content profiles at the beginning and the end of the growth period of a calculation area are the average values of soil moisture content monitoring points at 22 positions in the whole area, as shown in tables 1 and 2, the condition of mutation does not exist in a data set due to the consideration of the average values of a large amount of data, and therefore the moisture content profiles are not corrected in the embodiment.
The measured water content data of the irrigation area of the liberation gate is integrally taken to be 100cm, the initial burial depth of the breeding season of 2007 is 163.6cm, and the final burial depth of the breeding season is 209.5 cm. For calculating the water usage of the cross section, the water content data of the entire cross section is required, and the calculation results are shown in tables 3 and 4.
In order to extend the water content profile to the whole calculation profile, the three-section interpolation method provided by the invention is adopted, and the calculation profile is divided into three sections from top to bottom, as shown in fig. 3. The first section is known actually-measured water content data; the third section is below the buried depth of the underground water, and the water content is taken as the saturated water content; and the second section is between the maximum sampling depth and the underground water burial depth, the water content of the section is not changed greatly, linear interpolation is considered, and the average value of the saturated water content of the saturation zone and the maximum soil water content of the sampling layer is adopted.
Table 3: interpolation of initial water content in growth period and calculation of water storage capacity of soil profile (saturated water content: 0.46 cm)3/cm3)
Figure BDA0002335641450000061
Remarking: the initial buried depth of the growth period is 163.6cm
Table 4: interpolation of water content at the end of growth period and calculation of water storage capacity of soil profile (saturated water content: 0.46 cm)3/cm3)
Figure BDA0002335641450000062
Figure BDA0002335641450000071
Remarking: the initial buried depth of the growth period is 209.5cm
3. Selecting the range of a calculation area, and calculating the water storage capacity of the soil profile
Because the initial and final burial depths of the calculation area are 163.6cm and 209.5cm respectively, in the calculation of the embodiment, the maximum depth of the calculation area is 350cm, and the water storage utilization amount of the whole section of the soil can be calculated, wherein the range includes all the changes of the initial and final water contents of the growth period.
The water storage capacity of each layer of the calculation area in unit area is calculated by the product of the soil water content of the layer and the thickness of the calculation layer, and the water storage capacity of each layer is superposed to obtain the water storage capacity of the soil profile. The water storage capacity of the soil profile at the beginning and the end of the growth period is calculated respectively in the step.
5. Calculating the water utilization of soil profile, and distinguishing the water utilization of soil from the underground water utilization
The calculation method is suitable for the areas with negligible soil moisture horizontal movement. The water content of the soil body in the inner Mongolia river sleeve irrigation area is mainly influenced by rainfall, irrigation and evaporation, and the movement direction of the water is mainly carried out in the vertical direction.
The calculation diagram of the water utilization amount of the soil profile is shown in fig. 4. The water content of the section at the beginning of the growth period is integrally higher than that of the section at the end of the growth period, and the difference of the water contents of the two sections (the sum of the areas of B1 and B2 in the figure) is the utilization amount of the soil water of the section at the growth period. The utilization amount of the water of the soil profile comes from the water storage of the groundwater burial depth change zone at the beginning and the end of the growth period and the water storage of the soil water of the unsaturated zone. By using the groundwater burial depth at the beginning of the growth period as a partition, the present invention can simultaneously calculate the soil water usage amount (the area of the region B1 in fig. 4) and the groundwater usage amount (the area of the region B2 in fig. 4).
In 2007, the initial growth period and the final burial depth of the open gate irrigation area are 163.6cm and 209.5cm, the water storage capacity of the soil section of 0-350 cm at the initial growth period and the final growth period is 147.7cm and 139.8cm through calculation by the calculation method, the utilization capacity of the water of the soil section is 7.84cm through calculation, and the calculation results are shown in the following table 5:
table 5: calculation of underground water and soil water utilization
Figure BDA0002335641450000072
Figure BDA0002335641450000081
The liberation gate irrigation area is salt-pressing and soil moisture conservation, and can carry out large-scale irrigation in a non-growth period, so that the section water volume at the beginning of the growth period is more, the irrigated water volume and rainfall are not enough to support along with transpiration and inter-plant evaporation of crops in the growth period, the water storage in the soil body plays a role, and the normal growth of the crops is ensured. According to the calculation method, the utilization amount of the soil water in the unsaturated zone is 6.92cm, and the utilization amount of the underground water in the saturated zone is 0.92cm, which indicates that the utilization amount of the water on the soil section mainly comes from the stored water of the soil in the unsaturated zone.

Claims (6)

1. A soil profile water utilization amount calculation method based on profile water content and groundwater burial depth is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, data preparation and inspection;
collecting soil moisture content data, underground water burial depth data, volume weight, saturated moisture content and soil texture data of the calculation area, and performing data inspection and format unified processing on the collected data, wherein the soil moisture content data is converted volume moisture content;
step 2, correcting and interpolating the volume water content;
in the correction process, the calculation area is divided into three sections from top to bottom, wherein the first section is an actual measurement section and consists of multiple layers of actual measurement moisture content data; a second section is arranged between the actual measurement section and the underground water buried depth and is a layer; taking the water content below the buried depth of the underground water as a saturated water content to form a layer;
therefore, the water content calculation formula of each layer of the calculation area from top to bottom is as follows:
Figure FDA0002335641440000011
wherein: thetaiCalculating the water content adopted for each layer; thetaoviThe measured moisture content of the ith layer of the first section is obtained; thetaovmThe maximum value of the actually measured water content in the first section; thetasThe water content is saturated; z is a radical ofiCalculating the corresponding depth of each layer on the section; z is a radical ofovmThe maximum depth of the sampling layer; wtd is groundwater burial depth;
step 3, selecting a calculation area range, and calculating the water storage capacity of the soil profile;
selecting a calculation area range according to the underground water burial depth condition of the research area, wherein the maximum depth of the selected calculation area is larger than the underground water burial depth at the beginning and the end of the calculation time period in consideration of the fact that the calculation area range should include the range of the change of the water storage capacity of the soil body in the whole calculation time period;
the water storage capacity of each layer in unit area is calculated by the product of the soil moisture content of the layer and the thickness of the calculated layer, the water storage capacity calculation formula of the whole calculation section is as follows,
Figure FDA0002335641440000012
wherein: w is the water storage capacity of the soil profile in unit area; diIs the layer thickness; thetaiCalculating the volume water content of the layer; n is the total number of layers calculated;
step 4, calculating the water utilization amount of the soil profile, and distinguishing the soil water utilization amount and the underground water utilization amount;
the horizontal movement of the soil moisture considered in the invention can be ignored, the vertical movement is mainly considered, after the calculation time interval is selected, the water storage capacity of the soil section at the beginning and the end of the time interval is calculated, the utilization amount of the water storage capacity of the section at the calculation time interval is obtained according to the difference of the water storage capacity of the section at the beginning and the end of the calculation time interval, the calculation formula is as follows,
ΔW＝W1-W2
wherein: water utilization of soil profile with Δ W as unit areaAn amount; w1For calculating the water storage capacity of the soil profile in the initial unit area of the time interval, W2The water storage capacity of the soil profile in unit area at the end of the time period is calculated.
2. The method for calculating the utilization amount of the profile water of the soil based on the profile water content and the groundwater burial depth as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the volume water content is converted from actually measured mass water content, and the specific formula is as follows:
θv＝γ×θm
wherein: thetavThe water content is the volume water content; thetamThe mass water content is; and gamma is the volume weight of the soil.
3. The method for calculating the utilization amount of the profile water of the soil based on the profile water content and the groundwater burial depth as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and (3) setting a plurality of monitoring points in the step 1, wherein the volume water content or the mass water content is an average value of the plurality of monitoring points.
4. The method for calculating the utilization amount of the profile water of the soil based on the profile water content and the groundwater burial depth according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before averaging the data of the multiple monitoring points, the multi-layer actually-measured moisture content data of the actually-measured section of each monitoring point is corrected, the data with sudden change of moisture content is eliminated, and meanwhile, the moisture content of the layer is replaced by the moisture content mean values of the upper layer and the lower layer of the eliminated layer of the monitoring points.
5. A method for calculating the amount of groundwater utilization per unit area using the amount of water utilization of the soil profile according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: after the calculation time period, the water storage of the soil body is utilized, and the sources of the water storage of the soil body are two, wherein one is the utilization of the soil water storage of the unsaturated zone, the other is the utilization of the underground water buried depth, the utilization amount of the underground water storage of the underground water buried depth variation zone is divided according to the initial underground water buried depth of the calculation time period, the water storage utilization of the underground water buried depth from the earth surface to the initial underground water buried depth of the calculation time period is used as the utilization amount of the soil water, and the utilization amount of the water storage of the.
6. The method of groundwater utilization according to claim 5, wherein: the specific calculation formula of the utilization amount of the underground water is as follows:
Figure FDA0002335641440000021
ΔWs＝ΔW-ΔWg
wherein: Δ WgIs the groundwater utilization per unit area; wtd1For calculating the groundwater burial depth at the beginning of the time period wtd2Calculating the underground water burial depth at the end of the time period; thetat0For calculating the water content theta of the groundwater buried depth variation zone at the beginning of the time periodt1Calculating the water content of the underground water buried depth fluctuation zone at the end of the time period; z is the depth of the computation layer; Δ WsIs the soil water utilization per unit area.
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