CN111024761B - Ignition energy measuring method based on high-voltage discharge peak detection - Google Patents
Ignition energy measuring method based on high-voltage discharge peak detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ignition energy measuring method based on high-voltage discharge peak detection. The high-voltage discharge peak value detection device in the method comprises a high-voltage attenuation network, a peak value sampling and holding circuit, a discharge control circuit and a high-speed data acquisition circuit, wherein the discharge control circuit differentiates an output signal of the high-voltage attenuation network, compares the differential signal with a zero level and compares the output signal of the high-voltage attenuation network with the zero level respectively, and the comparison result phase are used for controlling whether a sampling capacitor in a peak value detection circuit is discharged or not, and simultaneously controls whether the peak value voltage is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion or not according to the comparison result of the differential signal and the zero level. The ignition energy measuring method utilizes each peak value moment of the discharge waveform measured by the high-voltage discharge peak value detecting device and the corresponding peak value to calculate the discharge waveform, and then the ignition energy is calculated. The invention can automatically sample and discharge the high-voltage discharge peak value, automatically calculate the ignition energy and has the characteristics of high integration level and high automation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ignition energy measuring method based on high-voltage discharge peak detection, which is mainly used for measuring the ignition energy of a dust cloud minimum ignition energy tester, and can realize accurate ignition energy measurement while reducing the hardware cost.
Background
The dust cloud minimum ignition energy tester is a testing device which reflects the dust ignition sensitivity from the energy perspective, and is widely applied to evaluation of the potential explosion risk of the dust cloud. The minimum ignition energy data measured by the dust cloud minimum ignition energy tester is directly related to the risk level of the dust to be tested, if the measured minimum ignition energy value is larger, the risk level is lower, and immeasurable serious hidden danger can be brought; if the measured minimum ignition energy value is smaller, the risk rating is higher, and extra cost is added to the explosion-proof and explosion-suppression design of the related production site. Therefore, accurate ignition energy measurement is highly desirable.
According to the standard GB/T16428- 2 . However, the ignition energy is not equal to the charging energy due to insufficient discharge of the energy stored by the charging capacitor and energy loss during the discharge.
In order to obtain more accurate ignition energy, it is common practice to measure the time-dependent variation curves of the voltage U and the current I during discharge by using a high-voltage probe and a current probe, and to measure the voltage and the currentThe discharge curve is led out from the digital oscilloscope to the computer end by using integral type
The ignition energy is calculated. However, the method adds a high-voltage probe, a current probe and a digital oscilloscope, additionally increases a lot of hardware cost, and meanwhile, data needs to be exported from the digital oscilloscope to a computer terminal for integral calculation, so that the steps are complicated, and professional mathematical knowledge is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an ignition energy measuring method based on high-voltage discharge peak detection, which aims to improve the accuracy of ignition energy measurement, reduce the hardware cost of a high-voltage discharge detection device, facilitate integration of the high-voltage discharge detection device into a dust cloud minimum ignition energy tester, improve the automation level of the tester, and improve the testing efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ignition energy measuring method based on a high-voltage discharge peak, in which a high-voltage discharge waveform conforms to a standard under-damped oscillation attenuation curve, a discharge waveform between electrodes is calculated by using a plurality of peaks and time intervals between peaks of the high-voltage discharge waveform detected by the high-voltage discharge peak detecting device, and an integral type is further used to calculate the discharge waveform
And calculating ignition energy to achieve the purpose of automatically measuring the ignition energy.
As another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a high-voltage discharge peak detection apparatus, including: the high-voltage attenuation network is used for reducing the high voltage of 10KV discharge to be within the acceptable range of the sampling holding circuit in a voltage division mode; the peak value sampling and holding circuit is used for carrying out peak value detection on the output signal of the high-voltage attenuation network and holding the peak value through a sampling capacitor; the leakage control circuit respectively compares the differential signal with zero level and the output signal of the high-voltage attenuation network with the zero level, compares the result phase with the signal for controlling whether the sampling capacitor in the peak value sampling and holding circuit is leaked or not, and controls whether the peak value voltage is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion or not according to the comparison result of the differential signal and the zero level so as to realize the automatic control of peak value sampling and holding and data acquisition; the high-speed data acquisition circuit performs analog-to-digital conversion on the peak voltage and outputs a conversion result; the electromagnetic shielding device is connected with the ground wire of the high-voltage attenuation network so as to inhibit the interference of high-frequency electromagnetic signals at the moment of electrode discharge on the attenuated signals.
High-voltage attenuation network comprises resistance voltage divider network, compensation electric capacity C1 and the voltage follower that high-pressure noninductive resistance R1, R2 constitute, the input of high-voltage attenuation network, promptly the input of resistance voltage divider network is connected to dust cloud minimum ignition can tester high-voltage electrode, the output of resistance voltage divider network is connected to the input of voltage follower, the output of voltage follower, promptly the output of high-voltage attenuation network divide into two the tunnel, is connected to all the way the input of sample hold circuit is connected to all the way the input of control circuit that releases.
The voltage division ratio depends on the ratio of the high-voltage non-inductive resistors R1 and R2, and can be adjusted according to the voltage input range of the peak value sampling and holding circuit.
The value of the compensation capacitor C1 depends on the settings of the high-voltage non-inductive resistors R1 and R2, and is used for adjusting the bandwidth of the resistor voltage division network to adapt to different high-voltage discharge frequencies.
The peak value sampling and holding circuit consists of an operational amplifier, a sampling capacitor C2 and necessary capacitance resistors and diodes, wherein the input end of the operational amplifier is connected to the output end of the voltage follower and is used for integrating an input signal and applying an integration result to the sampling capacitor C2 and the input end of the operational amplifier. The operational amplifier converts the voltage of the sampling capacitor C2 into a low-resistance output.
Wherein the sampling capacitance C2 has a value in the range of 1nF to 100 nF. By adjusting the value of the sampling capacitor C2, different high-voltage discharge frequencies can be adapted.
The bleeder control circuit comprises a differential circuit, a first high-speed comparator, a second high-speed comparator, an AND gate and a high-speed CMOS switch, wherein the output end of the voltage follower is respectively connected to the negative phase input end of the first high-speed comparator and the non-inverting input end of the differential circuit. The non-inverting input end of the first high-speed comparator is grounded, and the output end of the first high-speed comparator is connected to one input end of the AND gate. And the negative phase input end of the second high-speed comparator is connected to the output end of the differential circuit, the non-inverting input end of the second high-speed comparator is grounded, and the output end of the second high-speed comparator is connected to the other input end of the AND gate. The output of the AND gate is connected to the gate of the high speed CMOS switch. The source of the high-speed CMOS switch is connected to the ground through a resistor R3, and the drain of the high-speed CMOS switch is connected to the sampling capacitor C2.
The output high-level time of the first high-speed comparator corresponds to the time from a trough to a peak of a discharge waveform, namely the charging time of the sampling capacitor C2, the output high-level time of the second high-speed comparator corresponds to the time from a zero point to a trough and then to a zero point of the discharge waveform, therefore, the output high-level time of the AND gate, namely the time from the trough to the zero point of the discharge waveform, the high-speed CMOS switch is turned on in the output high-level time of the AND gate, the sampling capacitor C2 is connected to the ground through the resistor R3, namely the sampling capacitor C2 is charged in the time from the zero point to the peak of the discharge waveform, the peak value of the sampling capacitor C2 is held in the time from the peak to the trough of the discharge waveform, and the sampling capacitor C2 is discharged in the time from the trough to the zero point of the discharge waveform, so that the automatic sampling of the high-voltage discharge waveform is realized.
The first high-speed comparator and the second high-speed comparator are not limited to the above connection method, and a non-inverting input terminal of the first high-speed comparator may be connected to an output terminal of the voltage follower, an inverting input terminal of the second high-speed comparator may be connected to ground, a non-inverting input terminal of the second high-speed comparator may be connected to an output terminal of the voltage follower, and an inverting input terminal of the first high-speed comparator may be connected to ground. When the connection method of the high-speed comparator and the high-speed comparator is changed, the output high-level time and the corresponding time of the discharge waveform are changed accordingly.
The two input ends of the and gate do not limit the wiring sequence, that is, any input end of the and gate can be connected to the output end of the first high-speed comparator, and the other end of the and gate is connected to the output end of the second high-speed comparator.
The high-speed CMOS switch is not limited to the above connection method, and the drain may be connected to ground through a resistor R3, and the source may be connected to the sampling capacitor C2.
Wherein, the value of the resistance R3 is not higher than 10 Ω.
The high-speed data acquisition circuit is composed of an operational amplifier and a high-speed analog-to-digital converter, wherein the input end of the operational amplifier is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier, the operational amplifier attenuates a peak voltage signal and then applies the attenuated peak voltage signal to the input end of the high-speed analog-to-digital converter, and the high-speed analog-to-digital converter converts the attenuated peak voltage signal into a digital signal for further data processing.
As still another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides an ignition energy calculation method based on high voltage discharge peak detection, including the steps of:
1) obtaining the time when the discharge waveform reaches the first peak, the second peak, the third peak and the nth peak, that is, the corresponding time t of the first falling edge, the second falling edge, the third falling edge and the nth falling edge of the output of the high-speed comparator 12 1 、t 2 、t 3 、t n 。
2) Obtaining the peak value of the sample hold circuit at t 1 、t 2 、t 3 Output voltage value V of time 1 、V 2 、V 3 。
3) And obtaining the attenuation multiple G of the high-voltage discharge peak value detection device.
4) Calculating the discharge period T, T ═ T n –t 1 )/(n-1)。
5) The attenuation coefficient t is calculated and used as a function of the attenuation coefficient,
6) the scaling factor a is calculated and,
7) the voltage waveform U and the current waveform I of the high-voltage discharge are calculated by t and A,
8) integrating the voltage waveform U and the current waveform I to calculate the ignition energy
In the above step, the time and voltage of the first, second and third peaks may be obtained, or the time and voltage of the second, third and fourth peaks may be obtained, or the time and voltage of the third, fourth and fifth peaks may be obtained. Because the discharge waveform is an under-damped oscillation attenuation curve, the size of the wave peak value is reduced along with the increase of time, and when the wave peak value is too small, the data processing is not facilitated.
According to the technical scheme, the high-voltage discharge peak value detection device and the ignition energy measurement method based on the high-voltage discharge peak value detection have the following beneficial effects: the high-voltage discharge waveform can be automatically sampled, the time and the amplitude of the peak value of the square wave waveform are obtained, and the discharge voltage waveform and the current waveform are calculated by utilizing the time and the amplitude, so that the accurate integral calculation of ignition energy is realized; the low-cost and miniaturized hardware circuit is convenient to integrate into the existing dust cloud minimum ignition energy tester, the ignition energy can be automatically calculated by the tester in a very short time after the discharge is finished, and the integration level and the intelligent level of the tester are obviously improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating an installation of a high voltage discharge peak detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high voltage attenuation network of the high voltage discharge peak detection device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a peak sample-and-hold circuit of the high-voltage discharge peak detection device.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a bleeding control circuit of the high-voltage discharge peak detection device.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of output waveforms of key components of the bleeding control circuit.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of input and output waveforms of the high-voltage discharge peak detection device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that in the drawings or description, the same drawing reference numerals are used for similar or identical parts. Implementations not depicted or described in the drawings are of a form known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, although examples may be provided herein of parameters including particular values, it should be appreciated that the parameters need not be exactly equal to the respective values, but may approximate the respective values within acceptable error margins or design constraints. Directional phrases used in the embodiments, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," and the like, refer only to the orientation of the figure. Accordingly, the directional terminology used is intended to be illustrative and is not intended to be limiting of the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a high-voltage discharge peak value detection device by utilizing the fact that a high-voltage discharge waveform conforms to an under-damped oscillation attenuation curve of a standard, and as shown in figure 1, the input end of the high-voltage discharge peak value detection device is connected with a discharge electrode 1. When a high voltage is applied between the discharge electrode 1 and the discharge electrode 2, a discharge spark is generated between the discharge electrode 1 and the tip of the discharge electrode 2. The discharge peak value detection device captures a high-voltage discharge waveform, detects a plurality of peak values of the discharge waveform and time intervals among the peak values and outputs the peak values. The inventionThe method can calculate the discharge voltage U and current I waveforms between electrodes by utilizing a plurality of peak values and time intervals among the peak values output by the high-voltage discharge peak value detection device, and further calculates the discharge voltage U and the current I waveforms between the electrodes by an integral formula
And calculating ignition energy to achieve the purpose of automatically measuring the ignition energy.
The high-voltage discharge peak value detection device of the present invention includes: the device comprises a high-voltage attenuation network, a peak value sampling and holding circuit, a discharge control circuit, a high-speed data acquisition circuit and an electromagnetic shielding device. The high-voltage attenuation network reduces the 10 KV-level discharge high voltage to a range acceptable by the sample-hold circuit in a voltage division mode; the peak value sampling and holding circuit carries out peak value detection on the output signal of the high-voltage attenuation network and holds the peak value through a sampling capacitor; the leakage control circuit respectively compares the differential signal with zero level and the output signal of the high-voltage attenuation network with the zero level, the comparison result phase is used for controlling whether a sampling capacitor in the peak detection circuit is leaked or not, and meanwhile, the comparison result of the differential signal and the zero level controls whether the peak voltage is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion or not, so that the automatic control of peak sampling holding and data acquisition is realized; the high-speed data acquisition circuit performs analog-to-digital conversion on the peak voltage and outputs a conversion result; the electromagnetic shielding device is connected with the ground wire of the high-voltage attenuation network so as to inhibit the interference of the high-frequency electromagnetic signals at the moment of electrode discharge on the attenuated signals. The present invention will be described with reference to the detection devices shown in fig. 2 to 6 as an example.
As shown in fig. 2, the high voltage attenuation network mainly comprises a resistor voltage division network formed by high voltage non-inductive resistors R1 and R2, a compensation capacitor C1 and a voltage follower 3, wherein a high voltage signal generated by the discharge electrode 1 is transmitted to one end of the high voltage non-inductive resistor R1 through an input conductor 5, the other end of R1 is connected with one end of the high voltage non-inductive resistor R2, and the other end of R2 is grounded. The compensation capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the high-voltage non-inductive resistor R2 to improve the high-frequency characteristics of the resistor divider network. The ratio of the high-voltage non-inductive resistors R1 and R2 depends on the input range of the peak sample-and-hold circuit, the ratio of R1 and R2 includes but is not limited to 10000, the value of R1 includes but is not limited to 10M omega, and the value of R1 includes but is not limited to 1K omega.
The common end of the high-voltage non-inductive resistor R1 and the high-voltage non-inductive resistor R2 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the voltage follower 3 by a conductor 4, and the voltage follower 3 realizes impedance matching between the resistance voltage division network and the input end of the peak value sampling and holding circuit.
As shown in fig. 3, the peak sample-and-hold circuit mainly comprises an integrator 7, a voltage follower 8, a sampling capacitor C2, and necessary capacitance resistors and diodes, wherein an output signal of the voltage follower 3 is applied to a non-inverting input terminal of the integrator 7 by a conductor 6, an output terminal of the integrator 7 is connected to one end of the sampling capacitor C2 and the non-inverting input terminal of the voltage follower 8 through a diode 9, and the other end of the sampling capacitor C2 is grounded. The available value range of the sampling capacitor C2 is 1 nF-100 nF, and the sampling capacitor C2 can be adjusted to adapt to different high-voltage discharge frequencies. The necessary capacitive resistors and diodes are common to the person skilled in the art and the present invention will not be described in detail here.
As shown in fig. 4, the bleed-off control circuit is mainly composed of a differentiator 11, a high-speed comparator 12, a high-speed comparator 13, an and gate 14, and a high-speed CMOS switch 15. The output signal of the voltage follower 3 is divided into two paths by a conductor 6 and is respectively applied to a non-inverting input end of a differentiator 11 and an inverting input end of a high-speed comparator 12, and the output of the differentiator 11 is connected to an inverting input end of a high-speed comparator 13. The output ends of the high-speed comparator 12 and the high-speed comparator 13 are respectively connected to two input ends of an and gate 14, an output signal of the and gate 14 is used for controlling the on/off of a high-speed CMOS switch 15, one end of the high-speed CMOS switch 15 is grounded through a resistor R3, and the other end of the high-speed CMOS switch is connected with the conductor 10.
In fig. 5, a, b, C, d are the high-voltage discharge waveform, the output waveform of the high-speed comparator 13, the output waveform of the high-speed comparator 12, and the output waveform of the and gate 14, respectively, the output high-level time of the high-speed comparator 12 corresponds to the time from the trough to the peak of the discharge waveform, i.e. the charging time of the sampling capacitor C2, the output high-level time of the high-speed comparator 13 corresponds to the time from the zero point to the trough to the zero point of the discharge waveform, therefore, the output high-level time of the and gate 14, i.e. the time from the trough to the zero point of the discharge waveform, during the output high-level time of the and gate 14, the high-speed CMOS switch 15 is turned on, the sampling capacitor C2 is connected to the ground through a resistor R3, i.e. the sampling capacitor C2 is charged during the time from the zero point to the peak of the discharge waveform, the sampling capacitor C2 is peak-held during the time from the zero point to the trough of the discharge waveform, the sampling capacitor C2 is discharged during the time from the trough to the discharge waveform, thereby realizing the automatic sampling of the high-voltage discharge waveform.
Further explaining as shown in fig. 6, wherein fig. 6a and b are respectively a high-voltage discharge waveform and a peak value sampling and holding circuit output waveform, and the peak value sampling and holding circuit output waveform is consistent with the discharge waveform in the time from the zero point to the peak of the discharge waveform; in the time from the wave crest to the wave trough of the discharge waveform, the output waveform of the peak value sampling holding circuit is kept unchanged; in the time from the trough to the zero point of the discharge waveform, the high-speed CMOS switch 15 is turned on to discharge the sampling capacitor C2, and the output of the peak sample-and-hold circuit is zero.
The falling edge of the output waveform of the high-speed comparator 12 can trigger the external interruption of the high-speed data acquisition circuit, and the high-speed data acquisition circuit is excited to start to acquire data at the moment, so that the key parameter for calculating the high-voltage discharge waveform, namely the moment t of each peak value of the discharge waveform can be obtained 1 、t 2 、t 3 ……t n And a corresponding peak voltage V 1 、V 2 、V 3 ……V n 。
In another aspect of the invention, the ignition energy calculation method based on the high voltage discharge peak detection is to use the time t of each peak of the discharge waveform 1 、t 2 、t 3 ……t n And a corresponding peak voltage V 1 、V 2 、V 3 ……V n The ignition energy is calculated. The ignition energy calculation comprises two steps: (1) calculating the waveform of the discharge voltage U and the current I; (2) by integral
The ignition energy is calculated. The second step is commonly used by those skilled in the art, and the present invention is not described in detail hereinSpecific embodiments of the first step are set forth below.
1) Calculating the discharge period T, T ═ T n –t 1 )/(n-1)；
2) The attenuation coefficient t is calculated and,
3) the scaling factor a is calculated and the scaling factor a,
4) the voltage U and current I waveforms of the high-voltage discharge are calculated through t and A,
wherein, R is a conversion coefficient from voltage to current, which is different according to different circuit settings, and the value is a fixed value for the same circuit; g is the attenuation multiple of the high-voltage attenuation network.
Therefore, peak detection, key parameter acquisition and ignition energy calculation of the high-voltage discharge waveform are realized. The whole process does not need manual operation, and automatic measurement and calculation of the ignition energy by the instrument are realized. The hardware circuit has small volume and low cost, and is convenient to integrate into a minimum ignition energy tester.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-voltage discharge peak value detection-based ignition energy measuring method includes capturing a high-voltage discharge waveform by a high-voltage discharge peak value detection device, detecting peak values of the high-voltage discharge waveform and time intervals among the peak values, calculating discharge voltage and current waveforms among electrodes by using a plurality of peak values and time intervals among the peak values, calculating ignition energy by an integral formula, and achieving the purpose of automatically measuring the ignition energy.
2. The ignition energy measuring method based on the high-voltage discharge peak detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-voltage discharge peak value detection device comprises:
the high-voltage attenuation network drops the 10 KV-magnitude discharge high voltage to a range acceptable by the sample-and-hold circuit in a voltage division mode;
the peak value sampling and holding circuit is used for carrying out peak value detection on the output signal of the high-voltage attenuation network and holding the peak value through the sampling capacitor;
the discharge control circuit differentiates the output signal of the high-voltage attenuation network, compares the differential signal with zero level and compares the output signal of the high-voltage attenuation network with the zero level respectively, and the comparison result phase is used for controlling whether the sampling capacitor in the peak value sampling holding circuit is discharged or not, and simultaneously controls whether the peak value voltage is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion or not according to the comparison result of the differential signal and the zero level;
and the high-speed data acquisition circuit is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the peak voltage and outputting a conversion result.
3. The ignition energy measuring method based on the high-voltage discharge peak detection as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the bleeding control circuit includes:
a differentiator for performing a 90 ° phase shift on the discharge waveform;
a first high speed comparator that compares the discharge waveform with zero;
a second high speed comparator comparing the differentiator output with a zero level;
the AND gate is used for AND-operating the comparison result of the discharge waveform and the zero level and the comparison result of the differentiator output and the zero level;
and the high-speed CMOS switch is controlled to be switched off by the output result of the AND gate, one end of the high-speed CMOS switch is grounded through the resistor, and the other end of the high-speed CMOS switch is connected to the sampling capacitor.
4. The ignition energy measuring method based on the high-voltage discharge peak detection as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and the output of the second high-speed comparator is used for external interrupt triggering of the high-speed data acquisition circuit, and each peak moment of discharge is obtained through the time of the external interrupt triggering.
5. The method for measuring ignition energy based on high-voltage discharge peak detection as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and when the high-speed CMOS switch is closed, the sampling capacitor is grounded through the resistor, and the sampling capacitor performs charge discharge.
6. The ignition energy measuring method based on the high-voltage discharge peak detection as claimed in claim 4, wherein: when the external interruption of the high-speed data acquisition circuit is triggered, the high-speed data acquisition circuit acquires the output voltage of the peak value sampling holding circuit.
7. The method for measuring ignition energy based on high-voltage discharge peak detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: time t at which each peak is obtained using the high-voltage discharge waveform 1 、t 2 、t 3 ……t n And a corresponding peak voltage V 1 、V 2 、V 3 ……V n Calculating ignition energy, comprising the steps of:
1) calculating the discharge period T, T ═ T n –t 1 )/(n-1)；
2) Calculating attenuation coefficientτ，
3) The scaling factor a is calculated and,
4) by passingτAnd a estimates the voltage U and current I waveforms of the high voltage discharge,
wherein G is the attenuation multiple of the high-voltage discharge peak value detection device, w is the angular velocity of the high-voltage discharge waveform, t is the time, and R is the conversion coefficient from voltage to current.
8. The method for measuring ignition energy based on high-voltage discharge peak detection as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the discharge period T and the attenuation coefficientτAnd the calculation data of the proportionality coefficient A are from the peak values and the time of any adjacent three peaks.
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