CN111024747B - Aluminum alloy hot crack detection die and detection method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy hot crack detection die and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111024747B CN111024747B CN201911193211.0A CN201911193211A CN111024747B CN 111024747 B CN111024747 B CN 111024747B CN 201911193211 A CN201911193211 A CN 201911193211A CN 111024747 B CN111024747 B CN 111024747B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy hot cracking detection die and a detection method, wherein the detection die comprises an upper die cavity, a lower die cavity and a pouring die cavity, the lower die cavity is provided with a pouring groove and five hot cracking groove branches, the cross section areas of the hot cracking groove branches are the same, the lengths of the hot cracking groove branches are sequentially increased, one end of each hot cracking groove branch is communicated with the pouring groove, the other end of each hot cracking groove branch is communicated with an exhaust hole, thermocouples are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lower die cavity, a pouring gate is arranged on the pouring die cavity, the pouring gate is positioned above the pouring groove, and the sum of weight products corresponding to all hot cracking branches, the hot cracking degree and the hot cracking positions of a hot cracking detection sample is used for representing a hot cracking index. The hot-cracking detection die is provided with five hot-cracking launder branches with different lengths, is not limited by physical characteristics and crystallization characteristics of aluminum alloy when the aluminum alloy is detected, can accurately judge the severity of hot-cracking tendency, is a design basis reference for a thin-walled, complicated and large-sized casting structure, and improves the quality of casting products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy casting performance detection, in particular to an aluminum alloy hot crack detection die and an aluminum alloy hot crack detection method.
Background
Hot cracking is the breaking or cracking of a casting during solidification and subsequent shrinkage near the solidus due to external or internal forces or both. At present, a technical means suitable for detecting and analyzing the severity of the hot cracking tendency of the aluminum alloy is not developed, so that the severity of the hot cracking tendency cannot be accurately judged and identified in the production process, and the serious judgment of the hot cracking tendency in the industry is not uniform and accurate for a long time, so that the process is unstable, the quality period is prolonged, the input cost is increased and other adverse effects are generated. With the design and production development of the castings towards thinning, complicating and upsizing, the severity of the hot cracking tendency cannot be judged, the design of the structure and the size of the complex castings is limited, the performance of the castings is reduced, and the requirements of the industries such as aerospace, rail transit and the like on the structure and the quality of the castings cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy hot cracking detection die and a detection method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and can more accurately and directly realize judgment on serious hot cracking tendency.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides an aluminum alloy hot cracking detection die which comprises an upper die cavity and a lower die cavity, wherein the upper die cavity is detachably connected with the lower die cavity, a pouring groove and a plurality of hot cracking launder branches are formed in the lower die cavity, the length of each hot cracking launder branch is sequentially increased, and each hot cracking launder branch sequentially comprises a branch root part, a branch middle part and a branch ball part; the cross-sectional area of the branch root is larger than that of the branch middle part, the branch root is connected with the branch middle part through a connecting part, and the connecting part sequentially comprises a branch root fillet section and a branch root reducing section; the cross section areas of the same parts of the branches of the thermal cracking launders are the same, the cross sections of the branch root parts and the branch middle parts of the branches of each thermal cracking launder are trapezoidal, and the shape of the branch spherical parts is conical; the root of the branch is communicated with the pouring groove, and the branch ball part is communicated with an exhaust hole; the lower die cavity is detachably connected with a pouring die cavity, the pouring die cavity is in contact connection with the upper die cavity, a pouring gate is arranged on the pouring die cavity and located above the pouring groove, thermocouples are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lower die cavity, a central connecting line of each thermocouple is perpendicular to the axis of each hot-cracking launder branch and far away from the end of the pouring groove, and each thermocouple is located between each hot-cracking launder branch and the lower end face of the lower die cavity.
Preferably, the number of the branches of the hot cracking launder is 5.
Preferably, the gate is tapered, and a plugging rod is provided in the gate.
Preferably, the inner wall of the pouring gate is provided with capacity scale marks.
Preferably, a handle is fixedly arranged on the upper cavity.
Preferably, the measurement accuracy of the thermocouple is 0.1 ℃.
Preferably, the lower cavity is provided with a positioning groove, the upper cavity and the pouring cavity are provided with pin holes, and the positioning groove is matched with the pin holes.
The aluminum alloy hot cracking detection method by using the detection die comprises the following steps:
1) Preheating the temperature of the detection die to 100 ℃, spraying paint on the detection die by using a spray gun, inserting a thermocouple, and preheating the temperature of the detection die to 150 ℃;
2) The temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid meets the casting requirement of 700-800 ℃, the aluminum alloy liquid is injected into the detection mould in the step 1) from a gate, and a thermal cracking detection sample is prepared after solidification and molding;
3) Counting the breaking condition of each branch of the thermal cracking detection sample, wherein the branch length is L 1、L2、L3、L4、L5 from large to small, and the branch length weight L 1：L2：L3：L4：L5 =10: 12:15:20:30, the degree of fracture is divided into fracture C 1, half fracture C 2, crack C 3, half crack C 4, degree of fracture weight C 1：C2：C3：C4 =4: 3:2:1, the breaking position is divided into a branch root rounded segment D 1, a branch ball portion D 2, a branch intermediate portion D 3, a branch root variable diameter segment D 4, a branch root D 5, and a breaking position weight D 1：D2：D3：D4：D5 =1: 2:3:4:5, a step of;
4) Calculating the thermal cracking index of a thermal cracking detection sample, and representing the thermal cracking index by using the sum of weighted products corresponding to thermal cracking branches, thermal cracking degrees and thermal cracking positions of all thermal cracking points of the thermal cracking detection sample, wherein the formula is as follows: r= Σl m×Cm×Dm. If there are multiple thermal cracking points in one thermal cracking branch sample, the weighted products of thermal cracking branches, thermal cracking degree and thermal cracking position corresponding to all thermal cracking points are added.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
The hot-cracking detection die is provided with five hot-cracking launder branch branches with the same cross-sectional area and different lengths, is more suitable for aluminum alloy detection, is not limited by physical characteristics and crystallization characteristics of aluminum alloy, and uses the sum of weight products corresponding to all hot-cracking points, the hot-cracking degree and the hot-cracking positions of a sample to represent the hot-cracking index, so that the severity of hot-cracking tendency can be accurately judged, and the design basis reference of a thin-walled, complicated and large-sized casting structure is provided, and the quality of casting products is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an aluminum alloy hot crack detection die of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of an aluminum alloy hot crack detection die of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the lower cavity of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the casting cavity in the direction A-A of FIG. 2;
The device comprises an upper cavity 1, a lower cavity 2, a pouring groove 3, a hot-crack launder branch 4, a branch root 41, a branch root fillet section 42, a branch root reducing section 43, a branch middle part 44, a branch ball part 45, an exhaust hole 5, a pouring cavity 6, a pouring gate 7, a thermocouple 8, a plugging rod 9, a pin hole 10, a locating groove 11, a locating pin 12 and a handle 13.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention provides an aluminum alloy hot crack detection die, which comprises an upper die cavity 1, a lower die cavity 2 and a pouring die cavity 6, wherein a handle 13 is fixedly arranged on the upper die cavity 1, so that the die assembly and the die stripping of the die are convenient to detect, the upper die cavity 1 and the pouring die cavity 6 are arranged above the lower die cavity 2, the pouring die cavity 6 is in contact connection with the upper die cavity 1, a positioning groove 11 is formed in the lower die cavity 2, pin holes 10 are formed in the upper die cavity 1 and the pouring die cavity 6, the positioning groove 11 is matched with the pin holes 10, a positioning pin 12 is placed in the positioning groove 11 and the pin holes 10, the relative positions among the upper die cavity 1, the lower die cavity 2 and the pouring die cavity 6 are fixed by the positioning pin 12, the mutual dislocation among the upper die cavity 1, the lower die cavity 2 and the pouring die cavity 6 is prevented, a pouring groove 3 and five hot crack branches 4 are formed in the lower die cavity 2, the lengths of each hot crack branch 4 are sequentially increased, and each branch 4 sequentially comprises a branch root 41, a branch middle part 44 and a branch ball part 45; the cross-sectional area of the branch root 41 is larger than that of the branch middle part 44, the branch root 41 is connected with the branch middle part 44 through a connecting part, and the connecting part sequentially comprises a branch root fillet section 42 and a branch root reducing section 43; the cross-sectional areas of the same parts of the hot-cracking launder branches 4 are the same, the cross-section of the branch root 41 and the branch middle part 44 of each hot-cracking launder branch 4 is trapezoid, and the shape of the branch ball part 45 is conical; the branch root 41 is communicated with the pouring groove 3, and the branch ball part 45 is communicated with the exhaust hole 5; the pouring cavity 6 is provided with a pouring gate 7, the pouring gate 7 is conical, a plugging rod 9 is arranged in the pouring gate 7, the inner wall of the pouring gate 7 is provided with capacity scale marks, the bottom of the pouring gate 7 is plugged by the plugging rod 9, the capacity scale marks on the inner wall of the pouring gate 7 are matched, the amount of aluminum alloy liquid poured into the pouring gate 7 can be accurately controlled, the pouring gate 7 is positioned above the pouring slot 3, thermocouples 8 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lower cavity 2, the measuring precision of the thermocouples 8 is 0.1 ℃, the central connecting line of the thermocouples 8 is perpendicular to the axis of the hot-cracking launder branch 4 and far away from the end of the pouring slot 3, and the thermocouples 8 are positioned between the hot-cracking launder branch 4 and the lower end face of the lower cavity 2.
The aluminum alloy hot cracking detection method by using the detection die comprises the following steps:
1) Preheating the temperature of the detection die to 100 ℃, spraying paint on the detection die by using a spray gun, inserting a thermocouple 8, and preheating the temperature of the detection die to 150 ℃;
2) The temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid meets the casting requirement of 700-800 ℃, the aluminum alloy liquid is injected into the detection mould in the step 1) from the pouring gate 7, and the thermal cracking detection sample is prepared after solidification molding;
3) Counting the breaking condition of each branch of the thermal cracking detection sample, wherein the branch length is L 1、L2、L3、L4、L5 from large to small, and the branch length weight L 1：L2：L3：L4：L5 =10: 12:15:20:30, the degree of fracture is divided into fracture C 1, half fracture C 2, crack C 3, half crack C 4, degree of fracture weight C 1：C2：C3：C4 =4: 3:2:1, the breaking position is divided into a branch root rounded segment 42D 1, a branch ball portion 45D 2, a branch intermediate portion 44D 3, a branch root reducing segment 43D 4, a branch root 41D 5, a breaking position weight D 1：D2：D3：D4：D5 =1: 2:3:4:5, a step of;
4) Calculating the thermal cracking index of a thermal cracking detection sample, and representing the thermal cracking index by using the sum of weighted products corresponding to thermal cracking branches, thermal cracking degrees and thermal cracking positions of all thermal cracking points of the thermal cracking detection sample, wherein the formula is as follows: r= Σl m×Cm×Dm.
When the detection die is applied, the detection die is matched with an aluminum alloy smelting furnace to be used together.
Example 1:
The severity of the heat crack tendency of 6061 aluminum alloy was examined.
Firstly, proportioning and smelting according to 6061 aluminum alloy national standard components, then adding an Al-Ti-B refiner, preheating a detection die to a specified temperature of 100 ℃, spraying paint on the detection die by using a spray gun, inserting a thermocouple 8, and preheating the die to 150 ℃. When the measured components of the aluminum alloy liquid meet the marking requirement, the detected slag inclusion content is qualified, and the temperature meets the casting requirement of 720 ℃, the aluminum alloy liquid is injected into a die from a gate 7 to prepare a thermal cracking detection sample, and the thermal cracking index is calculated according to a formula. The branching, location, and degree of occurrence of the thermal cracking points are shown in the following table, and the thermal cracking index r=10×4×1+12×3×2+15×2×3+20×1×4+30×1×5=432, and the thermal cracking index is 432.
| Thermal cracking branch | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 |
| Degree of thermal cracking | Fracture of | Semi-fracture | Cracking of | Semi-crack | Semi-crack |
| Thermal cracking site | Root fillet section | Ball part | Intermediate portion | Root reducing section | Root portion |
And (3) carrying out batching smelting according to 6061 aluminum alloy national standard components, repeatedly preparing a thermal cracking detection sample without adding an Al-Ti-B refiner, and calculating a thermal cracking index according to a formula. The branching, location, and degree of occurrence of the thermal cracking points are shown in the following table, and the thermal cracking index r=15×3×3+20×4×3+30×4×3=735, and the thermal cracking index is 735.
| Thermal cracking branch | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 |
| Degree of thermal cracking | -- | -- | Semi-fracture | Fracture of | Fracture of |
| Thermal cracking site | -- | -- | Intermediate portion | Intermediate portion | Intermediate portion |
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The aluminum alloy hot cracking detection die is characterized by comprising an upper die cavity (1) and a lower die cavity (2), wherein the upper die cavity (1) is detachably connected with the lower die cavity (2), a pouring groove (3) and a plurality of hot cracking groove branches (4) are formed in the lower die cavity (2), the length of each hot cracking groove branch (4) is sequentially increased, and each hot cracking groove branch (4) sequentially comprises a branch root (41), a branch middle part (44) and a branch ball part (45); the cross-sectional area of the branch root (41) is larger than that of the branch middle part (44), the branch root (41) is connected with the branch middle part (44) through a connecting part, and the connecting part sequentially comprises a branch root fillet section (42) and a branch root reducing section (43); the cross-sectional areas of the same parts of the hot-cracking launder branches (4) are the same, the cross-section of the branch root (41) and the branch middle part (44) of each hot-cracking launder branch (4) is trapezoid, and the shape of the branch ball part (45) is conical; the branch root (41) is communicated with the pouring groove (3), and the branch ball part (45) is communicated with the exhaust hole (5); the lower die cavity (2) is detachably connected with a pouring die cavity (6), the pouring die cavity (6) is in contact connection with the upper die cavity (1), a pouring gate (7) is formed in the pouring die cavity (6), the pouring gate (7) is located above the pouring groove (3), thermocouples (8) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lower die cavity (2), the central connecting line of the two thermocouples (8) is perpendicular to the axis of the hot-tearing groove branch (4) and far away from the end of the pouring groove (3), and the thermocouples (8) are located between the hot-tearing groove branch (4) and the lower end face of the lower die cavity (2);
The number of the hot-cracking launder branches (4) is 5;
the pouring gate (7) is conical, and a plugging rod (9) is arranged in the pouring gate (7).
2. The aluminum alloy hot crack detection die as claimed in claim 1, wherein capacity graduation marks are arranged on the inner wall of the pouring gate (7).
3. The aluminum alloy hot crack detection die as claimed in claim 1, wherein a handle (13) is fixedly arranged on the upper die cavity (1).
4. The aluminum alloy hot crack detection die as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the measurement accuracy of the thermocouple (8) is 0.1 ℃.
5. The aluminum alloy hot crack detection die according to claim 1, wherein a positioning groove (11) is formed in the lower die cavity (2), pin holes (10) are formed in the upper die cavity (1) and the pouring die cavity (6), and the positioning groove (11) is matched with the pin holes (10).
6. A method for detecting thermal cracking of an aluminum alloy using the detecting die according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) Preheating the temperature of the detection die to 100 ℃, spraying paint on the detection die by using a spray gun, inserting a thermocouple (8), and preheating the temperature of the detection die to 150 ℃;
2) The temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid meets the casting requirement of 700-800 ℃, the aluminum alloy liquid is injected into the detection mould in the step 1) through a gate (7), and a thermal cracking detection sample is prepared after solidification molding;
3) Counting the breaking condition of each branch of the thermal cracking detection sample, wherein the branch length is L 1、L2、L3、L4、L5 from large to small, and the weight of each branch is 10, 12, 15, 20 and 30; the breaking degree is divided into a breaking C 1, a half breaking C 2, a cracking C 3 and a half cracking C 4, and the weights of the breaking C 1, the half breaking C 2, the cracking C 3 and the half cracking C 4 are respectively 4,3, 2 and 1; the breaking position comprises a branch root fillet section (42), a branch ball section (45), a branch middle section (44), a branch root reducing section (43) and a branch root (41), wherein the weights of the branch root fillet section, the branch ball section, the branch middle section, the branch root reducing section and the branch root reducing section are respectively 1,2,3, 4 and 5;
4) Calculating the thermal cracking index of a thermal cracking detection sample, and representing the thermal cracking index by using the sum of weighted products corresponding to thermal cracking branches, thermal cracking degrees and thermal cracking positions of all thermal cracking points of the thermal cracking detection sample, wherein the formula is as follows: r= Σl m×Cm×Dm.
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| KR101163137B1 (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-07-06 | 명화공업주식회사 | Measurement apparatus for hot tearing susceptibility of aluminumalloy |
| CN105403586A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-16 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Mold for quantitatively analyzing heat cracking and cold cracking trends of non-ferrous alloys and analysis method |
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Effective date of registration: 20240731 Address after: 071199 No. 338, Fazhan West Road, Qingyuan District, Baoding City, Hebei Province Patentee after: Hebei xinlizhong Nonferrous Metals Group Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: 071100 No.338, Fazhan West Road, Qingyuan District, Baoding City, Hebei Province Patentee before: HEBEI LIZHONG NONFERROUS METAL GROUP CO.,LTD. Country or region before: China |