CN111024519A - Visual interface ring shear apparatus for interaction of underwater structure and soil body and use method - Google Patents
Visual interface ring shear apparatus for interaction of underwater structure and soil body and use method Download PDFInfo
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention provides a visual interface ring shear apparatus with an underwater structure-soil body interaction and a using method thereof, wherein the visual interface ring shear apparatus comprises a vertical lifting pressurization system, a ring rotation system, a shear chamber and a monitoring system; the vertical lifting pressurization system comprises a vertical power device and a gantry support; an annular pressure plate structure is arranged on a cross beam of the gantry support; the annular rotating system comprises a rotating disc and an annular power device; a transparent ring shearing box for placing a soil body sample is fixed on the rotating disc; the annular pressure plate structure can be embedded into the annular shearing box in a clearance fit manner and is connected with the soil body sample; the shearing chamber comprises a shearing chamber outer cover which covers the circular shearing box and the circular pressure plate structure and is used for containing water; the monitoring system is used for monitoring the connection interface of the annular pressure plate structure and the soil body sample. The invention can simulate and measure the stress state of the contact interface between the underwater foundation structure and the soil body, and observe the motion state of the soil body at the structure-soil body interface and the formation and the change of the interface water belt in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of civil test instruments, in particular to a visual interface ring shear apparatus for interaction of an underwater structure and a soil body and a using method thereof.
Background
The deep sea natural environment is complex and severe, and the loading effect is complex. The seabed foundation structure (mainly comprising a suction bucket foundation, a suction anchor, a flat anchor and the like) bears the self gravity, the buoyancy and the load acting force transmitted by wind, waves, water flow and the like through the mooring cable during the service period. The bearing performance of the seabed foundation is mainly controlled by the interface strength between the structure and the soil; under the action of long-term circulating dynamic load, the strength of the structure-soil interface is gradually weakened, and an interface water band can be formed on the structure-soil interface, so that the safety and stability of the whole ocean platform are threatened.
The traditional interface shear apparatus is used for shear experiments and analysis for monitoring soil body interfaces, cannot be used for experiments of underwater structure-soil body interfaces, has uneven stress strain, can only meet small-displacement shear and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a visual interface ring shear apparatus for interaction of an underwater structure and a soil body and a using method thereof, which can simulate and measure the shear strength, the friction angle and the cohesive force of a contact interface of the underwater foundation structure and the soil body, observe the motion state of the soil body at the structure-soil body interface and the formation and the change of an interface water band in real time in the shearing process, and have uniform stress application and large shearing displacement range.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a visual interface ring shear apparatus with an underwater structure-soil body interaction, which comprises a vertical lifting pressurization system, a ring rotation system, a shear chamber and a monitoring system, wherein the vertical lifting pressurization system is connected with the shear chamber;
the vertical lifting pressurization system comprises a vertical power device and a gantry support; the vertical power device is connected with two upright posts of the gantry support and applies a load in the vertical direction; a vertical pressure rod is arranged on a cross beam of the gantry support; the lower end face of the vertical pressure rod is provided with an annular pressure plate structure;
the annular rotating system comprises a rotating disc and an annular power device; the annular power device is connected with the rotating disc and drives the rotating disc to rotate; a transparent annular shearing box for placing a soil body sample is fixed on the rotating disc; the rotating axes of the circular ring shearing box and the rotating disc are coaxial with the vertical pressure rod; the annular pressure plate structure can be embedded into the annular shearing box in a clearance fit manner and is connected with a soil body sample in the annular shearing box; a permeable layer is arranged between the lower end of the circular ring shearing box and the rotating disc;
the shearing chamber comprises a fixed seat positioned on the periphery of the rotating disc and a shearing chamber outer cover fixed on the fixed seat; the outer cover of the shearing chamber covers the annular shearing box and the annular pressure plate structure and is used for containing water;
the monitoring system is used for monitoring the connection interface of the annular pressure plate structure and the soil body sample.
Further, an exhaust hole is formed in the outer cover of the shearing chamber; the fixed seat is internally provided with a water inlet/return pipe which is communicated with the inner cavity of the outer cover of the shearing chamber.
Further, the permeable layer is permeable stone; the rotating disc is also provided with a drain hole.
Further, the circular ring shearing box comprises a central cylinder and a circular ring sleeve sleeved on the periphery of the central cylinder; the soil body sample is arranged in the annular gap between the central cylinder and the circular sleeve.
Further, the monitoring system comprises an endoscopic magnifier positioned in the shearing chamber housing and an electron microscope positioned outside the shearing chamber housing; the endoscopic magnifier is used for observing the movement of soil particles at the connecting interface of the annular pressure plate structure and the soil sample in the shearing process; the electron microscope is used for monitoring the formation of an interface water band at the connecting interface of the annular platen structure and the soil body sample and measuring the thickness change of the interface water band.
Further, a torque sensor and a vertical displacement sensor are arranged on the vertical pressure rod.
The use method of the visual interface ring shear apparatus for the interaction between the underwater structure and the soil body comprises the following steps:
step 1, opening an exhaust port, and injecting water into a shearing chamber from a water inlet/return pipe; closing the exhaust port until water overflows from the exhaust port; closing the water inlet/return pipe until the water pressure of the shearing chamber reaches a preset pressure; the preset pressure can simulate the water pressure of different water depths;
step 2, contacting the annular pressure plate structure with a soil body sample through a vertical lifting pressurization system and applying certain pressure to solidify the annular pressure plate structure;
step 3, applying a vertical reciprocating load to the annular pressure plate structure through a vertical lifting pressurization system, wherein the annular pressure plate structure generates vertical reciprocating displacement; applying a shearing force to the soil body sample through the annular rotating system, and enabling the soil body sample to rotate in a reciprocating manner;
step 4, calculating the shear stress tau = M/A of the contact interface of the annular platen structure and the soil body sample by utilizing the torque measured by the torque sensor in real time, wherein M is the torque applied to the contact interface measured by the torque sensor, and A is the area of the contact interface; when the vertical displacement sensor determines that the annular pressure plate structure generates vertical upward displacement, and the annular pressure plate structure is separated from the soil body sample, the torque of the contact interface measured by the torque sensor is 0;
step 5, dynamically observing the movement of soil particles at the contact interface of the annular pressure plate structure and the soil sample in the shearing process through an endoscopic magnifier;
step 6, when the annular pressure plate structure is separated from the soil body sample, an interface water belt is formed between the annular pressure plate structure and the soil body sample; the electron microscope measures the formation of interfacial water bands and their changes in thickness within the field of view.
Wherein the step 6 of measuring the thickness of the interfacial water zone comprises the following steps:
step 6.1, extracting and storing interface images of each test stage in the shearing test process;
6.2, selecting one or more magnification ratios to carry out corresponding calibration before using the microscope measurement function; during calibration, measuring the same actual value for multiple times to obtain an average value;
6.3, opening the interface image saved in the step 6.1 in the measurement software; and 6.2, selecting the corresponding magnification factor for calibration, inputting the calibration value under the corresponding magnification factor, and measuring the thickness of the water band.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention can realize the reciprocating loading of the displacement control of the annular pressure plate structure in the vertical direction, and can realize the reciprocating rotary shearing of the annular pressure plate structure and the soil body sample at the same frequency in the annular direction, thereby truly simulating and measuring the stress state of the seabed foundation structure when the seabed foundation structure is subjected to the inclined load;
2. according to the invention, when the interface shear state of the seabed foundation structure is really simulated when the seabed foundation structure is subjected to inclined load, the formation of an interface water band and the thickness change of the interface water band can be measured in real time by an electron microscope, so that an effective basis is provided for researching the influence of the interface shear strength and the foundation bearing capacity;
3. the vertical lifting pressurization system and the annular rotation system are uniform in stress application and large in shearing displacement range;
4. the invention can observe the microscopic dynamic change of the interface intuitively through the transparent ring shearing box to better understand and explain the contact behavior of the underwater foundation structure and the soil body and observe the defects of the interface shearing behavior and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a visual interface ring shear apparatus of the present invention for underwater structure-soil interaction;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a visual interface ring shear apparatus for underwater structure-soil interaction according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention at the rotating disk;
fig. 4 is a view of a field of view of electron microscope measurement.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a visual interface ring shear apparatus for interaction of an underwater structure and a soil body, which comprises a vertical lifting pressurization system, a ring rotation system, a shear chamber and a monitoring system.
As shown in fig. 1, the vertical lifting and pressurizing system comprises a vertical power device 101 and a gantry support. The vertical power device 101 is positioned in a first closed box at the bottom of the whole instrument, and the vertical power device 101 is connected with the bottoms of two upright posts 102 of the gantry support and applies a load in the vertical direction; a beam 103 of the gantry support is provided with a vertical pressure rod 104; the lower end face of the vertical pressure rod 104 is provided with an annular pressure plate structure 105. The vertical power means 101 may apply reciprocating vertical pressure and vertical displacement to the annular platen structure 105.
The vertical pressure rod 104 is provided with a vertical displacement sensor 107. The vertical displacement sensor 107 is used for measuring the vertical displacement of the annular platen structure 105 in the test process, and further obtaining the volume change of the soil body sample 500 in the shearing process.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the ring rotating system includes a rotating disc 201 and a ring power device 202; the ring power device 202 is connected with the rotating disc 201 and drives the rotating disc 201 to rotate. The annular power device 202 is positioned in a second closed box body, wherein the second closed box body is arranged at the upper end of the first closed box body; the ring power device 202 can provide continuous large shearing displacement and can realize reciprocating rotation.
A transparent ring shear box for placing the soil sample 500 is fixed on the rotating disc 201. The circular ring shearing box comprises a transparent central cylinder 205 and a transparent circular ring sleeve 206 sleeved on the periphery of the central cylinder 205; the soil sample 500 is placed in the annular gap between the central cylinder 205 and the annular sleeve 206.
The axis of the circular ring shearing box, the rotating axis of the rotating disc 201 and the vertical pressure rod 104 are coaxial. The annular platen structure 105 may be embedded in the annular shear box in a clearance fit and connected to the soil sample 500 in the annular shear box. The circular power device 202 drives the soil sample 500 to synchronously rotate through the rotating disc 201.
A permeable layer 203 is arranged between the lower end of the circular ring shearing box and the rotating disc 201. The permeable layer 203 is permeable stone; the rotating disc 201 is also provided with a drain hole 204. The annular platen structure 105 presses the soil sample 500, so that the water in the soil sample 500 flows out along the permeable layer 203 and the drain hole 204.
The shearing chamber comprises a fixed seat 301 positioned at the periphery of the rotating disc 201 and a shearing chamber outer cover 302 fixed on the fixed seat 301; the shear chamber housing 302 covers the annular shear box and the annular platen structure 105 for holding a body of water.
The vertical pressure rod 104 is further provided with a torque sensor 106. When the soil sample 500 rotates, the annular platen structure 105 in contact with the soil sample 500 is subjected to a rotating moment, and the torque sensor 106 measures the torque applied to the contact interface between the annular platen structure 105 and the soil sample 500 in the rotating and shearing process in real time.
The monitoring system includes an endoscopic magnifier 401 located within the shear chamber housing 302 and an electron microscope 402 located outside the shear chamber housing 302. The endoscope 401 and the electron microscope 402 are aligned with the contact interface of the annular platen structure 105 and the soil sample 500. The endoscopic magnifier 401 is embedded in the circular sleeve 206, the lens is directly close to the soil sample 500, and the movement of soil particles at the contact interface of the annular platen structure 105 and the soil sample 500 in the shearing process can be dynamically observed. The electron microscope 402 is used to monitor the formation of interface water bank at the interface of the annular platen structure 105 to the soil sample 500 and determine the change in thickness.
In this embodiment, the endoscopic magnifier 401 is 500 ten thousand WiFi industrial endoscopes; the device also comprises an image adjuster and a WiFi box; the image regulator is used for regulating the definition of a picture, and the WiFi box is used for wirelessly transmitting image data; the electron microscope 402 is selected from 3800 industrial electron microscopes HY-H3800
The shearing chamber outer cover 302 is provided with an exhaust hole 303; an inlet/return pipe 304 is arranged in the fixed seat 301 and communicated with the inner cavity of the shearing chamber outer cover 302.
When the ring shear apparatus is used, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, opening an exhaust port 303, and injecting water into a shearing chamber from a water inlet/return pipe 304; closing the exhaust port 303 until water overflows from the exhaust port 303; the water inlet/return pipe 304 is closed until the water pressure of the shearing chamber reaches a preset pressure; the preset pressure can simulate the water pressure of different water depths;
step 2, contacting the annular platen structure 105 with the soil body sample 500 through a vertical lifting pressurization system, and applying certain pressure to solidify the annular platen structure;
step 3, applying a vertical reciprocating load to the annular platen structure 105 through a vertical lifting pressurization system, and enabling the annular platen structure 105 to generate vertical reciprocating displacement; applying a shearing force to the soil sample 500 through the annular rotating system, and enabling the soil sample to rotate in a reciprocating manner;
step 4, calculating the contact interface shear stress of the annular platen structure 105 and the soil body sample 500 by utilizing the torque measured by the torque sensor 106 in real timeτ=M /AWhereinMThe torque experienced by the contact interface as measured by the torque sensor,Ais the contact interface area; when the vertical displacement sensor 107 determines that the annular platen structure 105 generates vertical upward displacement, and the annular platen structure 105 is separated from the soil sample 500, the torque of the contact interface measured by the torque sensor is 0;
step 5, dynamically observing the movement of soil particles at the contact interface of the annular platen structure 105 and the soil sample 500 through an endoscopic magnifier 401 in the shearing process;
step 6, when the annular platen structure 105 is separated from the soil sample 500, an interface water belt is formed between the annular platen structure 105 and the soil sample 500; the electron microscope 402 measures the formation of interface water band and the change of thickness thereof in the visual field; the resulting view of the measurement is shown in fig. 4.
Wherein the step 6 of measuring the thickness of the interfacial water zone comprises the following steps:
step 6.1, extracting and storing interface images of each test stage in the shearing test process;
6.2, selecting one or more magnification ratios to carry out corresponding calibration before using the measurement function of the microscope in order to improve the measurement precision; in order to reduce the error during calibration, the same actual value can be measured for multiple times to obtain an average value;
6.3, opening the interface image saved in the step 6.1 in the measurement software; and 6.2, selecting the corresponding magnification factor for calibration, inputting the calibration value under the corresponding magnification factor, and measuring the thickness of the water band.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a visual interface ring shear appearance of underwater structure-soil body interact which characterized in that: the device comprises a vertical lifting pressurization system, a circumferential rotation system, a shearing chamber and a monitoring system;
the vertical lifting pressurization system comprises a vertical power device (101) and a gantry support; the vertical power device (101) is connected with two upright posts (102) of the gantry support and applies a load in the vertical direction; a beam (103) of the gantry support is provided with a vertical pressure rod (104); an annular pressure plate structure (105) is arranged on the lower end face of the vertical pressure rod (104);
the annular rotating system comprises a rotating disc (201) and an annular power device (202); the annular power device (202) is connected with the rotating disc (201) and drives the rotating disc (201) to rotate; a transparent circular ring shearing box for placing a soil body sample (500) is fixed on the rotating disc (201); the axis of the circular ring shearing box, the rotating axis of the rotating disc (201) and the vertical pressure rod (104) are coaxial; the annular pressure plate structure (105) can be embedded into the circular ring shearing box in a clearance fit manner and is connected with a soil body sample (500) in the circular ring shearing box; a water permeable layer (203) is arranged between the lower end of the circular ring shearing box and the rotating disc (201);
the shearing chamber comprises a fixed seat (301) positioned on the periphery of the rotating disc (201) and a shearing chamber outer cover (302) fixed on the fixed seat (301); the shearing chamber outer cover (302) covers the annular shearing box and the annular pressure plate structure (105) and is used for containing water;
the monitoring system is used for monitoring the connection interface of the annular pressure plate structure (105) and the soil body sample (500).
2. The underwater structure-soil interaction visualization interface ring shear apparatus of claim 1, wherein: an exhaust hole (303) is formed in the shearing chamber outer cover (302); and a water inlet/return pipe (304) is arranged in the fixed seat (301) and communicated with the inner cavity of the shearing chamber outer cover (302).
3. The underwater structure-soil interaction visualization interface ring shear apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the permeable layer (203) is permeable stone; the rotating disc (201) is also provided with a drain hole (204).
4. The underwater structure-soil interaction visualization interface ring shear apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the ring shearing box comprises a transparent central cylinder (205) and a transparent ring sleeve (206) sleeved on the periphery of the central cylinder (205); the soil sample (500) is placed in the annular gap between the central cylinder (205) and the annular sleeve (206).
5. The visual interface ring shear apparatus for underwater structure-soil interaction as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the monitoring system comprises an endoscopic magnifier (401) positioned in the shearing chamber housing (302) and an electron microscope (402) positioned outside the shearing chamber housing (302); the endoscopic magnifier (401) is used for observing the movement of soil particles at the connecting interface of the annular platen structure (105) and the soil sample (500) in the shearing process; the electron microscope (402) is used for monitoring the formation of interface water belts at the connecting interface of the annular platen structure (105) and the soil body sample (500) and measuring the thickness change of the interface water belts.
6. The underwater structure-soil interaction visualization interface ring shear apparatus of claim 5, wherein: and a torque sensor (106) and a vertical displacement sensor (107) are arranged on the vertical pressure rod (104).
7. A method of using the underwater structure-soil interaction visualization interface ring shear apparatus of claim 6, comprising the steps of:
step 1, opening an exhaust port (303), and injecting water into a shearing chamber from a water inlet/return pipe (304); closing the exhaust port (303) until water overflows from the exhaust port (303); closing the water inlet/return pipe (304) until the water pressure of the shearing chamber reaches a preset pressure; the preset pressure can simulate the water pressure of different water depths;
step 2, contacting the annular platen structure (105) with a soil body sample (500) through a vertical lifting pressurization system and applying certain pressure to solidify the annular platen structure;
step 3, applying a vertical reciprocating load to the annular pressure plate structure (105) through a vertical lifting pressurization system, wherein the annular pressure plate structure (105) generates vertical reciprocating displacement; applying a shearing force to the soil body sample (500) through the annular rotating system, and enabling the soil body sample to rotate in a reciprocating manner;
step 4, calculating the contact interface shear stress of the annular platen structure (105) and the soil body sample (500) by utilizing the torque measured by the torque sensor (106) in real timeτ=M /AWhereinMThe torque experienced by the contact interface as measured by the torque sensor,Ais the contact interface area; when the vertical displacement sensor (107) detects that the annular pressure plate structure (105) generates vertical upward displacement, and the annular pressure plate structure (105) is separated from the soil body sample (500), the torque of the contact interface detected by the torque sensor is 0;
step 5, dynamically observing the movement of soil particles at the contact interface of the annular platen structure (105) and the soil sample (500) in the shearing process through an endoscopic magnifier (401);
step 6, when the annular platen structure (105) is separated from the soil body sample (500), an interface water belt is formed between the annular platen structure (105) and the soil body sample (500); an electron microscope (402) measures the formation of interfacial water bands and their thickness variations in the field of view.
8. The use method of the visual interface ring shear apparatus for underwater structure-soil interaction of claim 7, wherein the interface water band thickness measuring step of step 6 is as follows:
step 6.1, extracting and storing interface images of each test stage in the shearing test process;
6.2, selecting one or more magnification ratios to carry out corresponding calibration before using the microscope measurement function; during calibration, measuring the same actual value for multiple times to obtain an average value;
6.3, opening the interface image saved in the step 6.1 in the measurement software; and 6.2, selecting the corresponding magnification factor for calibration, inputting the calibration value under the corresponding magnification factor, and measuring the thickness of the water band.
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| CN111024519B (en) | 2021-07-02 |
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