CN111020315A - Rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111020315A CN111020315A CN201911322284.5A CN201911322284A CN111020315A CN 111020315 A CN111020315 A CN 111020315A CN 201911322284 A CN201911322284 A CN 201911322284A CN 111020315 A CN111020315 A CN 111020315A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Abstract
A rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein the rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-6% of Zn, 2-3% of Mg, 1-2% of Cu, 0.3-0.5% of Gd, 0.1-0.2% of Nd, less than 0.1% of impurity elements and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy mainly comprises Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Gd-Nd, has good comprehensive mechanical properties, and has the characteristics of relatively stable properties, the room-temperature tensile strength is more than 600MPa, the elongation is more than 10%, the 150 ℃ tensile strength is more than 560MPa, the elongation is more than 16%, the 200 ℃ tensile strength is more than 530MPa, the elongation is more than 18%, the 250 ℃ tensile strength is more than 460MPa, and the elongation is more than 22%, so that the application requirements of the aluminum alloy in high-end industries such as aerospace, automobiles and the like can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy manufacturing, and particularly relates to a rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy is one of metal alloys widely used at present, and the mass of the aluminum alloy is far smaller than that of an iron alloy under the same volume, so that the aluminum alloy is widely used in the industries such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like at present, the aluminum alloy is light in mass, the whole weight can be effectively reduced by adopting the aluminum alloy, energy can be effectively saved, particularly, the energy can be saved when the weight of the aluminum alloy is reduced in the aerospace industry, and the occurrence probability of accidents can be effectively reduced, so the aluminum alloy is deeply welcomed by the high-end industries such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like, but the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy is poor, so that the application of the aluminum alloy in the high-end industries such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like is limited, and.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy peculiar mark preparation method, which is used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-6% of Zn, 2-3% of Mg, 1-2% of Cu, 0.3-0.5% of Gd, 0.1-0.2% of Nd, less than 0.1% of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
In the rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy, the mass of Cu is recorded as the final Cu adding mass by the mass of Cu in the intermediate alloy Al-Cu.
In the rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy, the mass of Gd is recorded as the final Gd adding mass according to the mass of Gd in the intermediate alloy Al-Gd.
In the rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy, the mass of Nd is recorded as the final addition mass of Nd by the mass of Nd in the intermediate alloy Al-Nd.
The rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized in that the intermediate alloy Al-Cu is Al-25 Cu.
The rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized in that the intermediate alloy Al-Gd is Al-30 Gd.
The rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized in that the intermediate alloy Al-Nd is Al-25 Nd.
The purity of the Al of the rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy is more than 99.9 percent.
The purity of Zn in the rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy is more than 99.9 percent.
The purity of Mg in the rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy is more than 99.9 percent.
The purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Cu is more than 99.5 percent.
The purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Gd is more than 99.5 percent.
The purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Nd is more than 99.5 percent.
The rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy mainly comprises α -Al matrix and eutectic (α -Al + β -Al) in metallographic structure2Mg3Zn3+β-Al2Cu).
A preparation method of rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Cu, Al-Gd and intermediate alloy Al-Nd according to the proportion, and sending the mixture into a preheating kettle to preheat to 140-160 ℃;
step two: feeding Al, Zn and Mg into a melting kettle, heating until the Al, Zn and Mg are completely melted, and then adding intermediate alloys Al-Cu, Al-Gd and Al-Nd;
step three: after all metals are completely melted, heating to 765-775 ℃, then cooling to 685-715 ℃, pouring into a preheated mold, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy primary product;
step four: the aluminum alloy is treated by heating to the temperature of 465-555 ℃, the heating time is 6-14h, then cooling to the temperature of 164-248 ℃, preserving the heat for 14-20h, and air cooling to the room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy finished product.
In the second step, the melting temperature of Al, Zn and Mg is 680-plot 700 ℃, and when the temperature is increased to 715-plot 737 ℃, the intermediate alloys Al-Cu, Al-Gd and Al-Nd are added, and the intermediate alloys Al-Cu, Al-Gd and Al-Nd are completely melted at the temperature.
In the preparation method of the rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy, the temperature is increased to 765-775 ℃ at a rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is decreased to 685-715 ℃ at a rate of 10-20 ℃/min.
The invention has the advantages that:
the aluminum alloy mainly comprises Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Gd-Nd, has good comprehensive mechanical properties, and has the characteristics of relatively stable properties, the room-temperature tensile strength is more than 600MPa, the elongation is more than 10%, the 150 ℃ tensile strength is more than 560MPa, the elongation is more than 16%, the 200 ℃ tensile strength is more than 530MPa, the elongation is more than 18%, the 250 ℃ tensile strength is more than 460MPa, and the elongation is more than 22%, so that the application requirements of the aluminum alloy in high-end industries such as aerospace, automobiles and the like can be met.
The rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the components of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Gd-Nd., the maximum solid solubility of heavy rare earth Gd adopted by the rare earth aluminum alloy is 0.82 percent in aluminum, the heavy rare earth Gd is an element with higher solid solubility in rare earth elements, the high-temperature strength and creep property of the Al-Gd alloy are most obvious in aluminum-rare earth binary alloy, a precipitation equilibrium phase in the alloy is Al2Gd and has higher melting point and better strengthening effect on the room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, an Nd element added into the aluminum alloy can generate synergistic action with main strengthening element Gd, so that the main strengthening element can generate better strengthening effect on the room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, zinc, magnesium and copper are important alloy elements in the aluminum alloy 865, zinc and magnesium have higher solid solution capacity in an aluminum matrix, the solid solubility is 12.7wt% and 8.3wt%, the zinc and magnesium are added into the aluminum matrix to form zinc-Al 2Mg3Zn3 and Zn 6-Al 2 5848325, the zinc-Al 2 eutectic phase is lower than Al 2-Al 2 eutectic phase eutectic strengthening effect on the aluminum alloy through the heat resistance of Al 2-Al 2 eutectic strengthening, the aluminum alloy is lower than Al2 eutectic strengthening effect of the aluminum alloy through the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy with lower than Al 2-magnesium alloy, the aluminum alloy with higher solid solution capacity of the aluminum alloy, the heat resistance of Al2 eutectic strengthening effect of.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a picture of a sample of a heat-resistant aluminum alloy of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a picture of a sample of a heat-resistant aluminum alloy of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a picture of a sample of a heat-resistant aluminum alloy in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: weighing Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-25 Cu, Al-30Gd and intermediate alloy Al-25 Nd according to the proportion of 5% of Zn, 2% of Mg, 1% of Cu, 0.3% of Gd, 0.1% of Nd and the balance of Al, and feeding the materials into a preheating kettle to preheat to 140 ℃;
step two: feeding Al, Zn and Mg into a melting kettle, heating to 680 ℃, adding intermediate alloys Al-Cu, Al-Gd and Al-Nd after the Al, Zn and Mg are completely melted, heating to 715 ℃, and adding the intermediate alloys Al-Cu, Al-Gd and Al-Nd;
step three: heating to 765 ℃ after all metals are completely melted, then cooling to 685 ℃, pouring into a preheated mold, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy primary product;
step four: and (3) heating the aluminum alloy to 465 ℃ for 6 hours, then cooling to 164 ℃, preserving heat for 14 hours, and cooling to room temperature in air to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy.
As a result of the test, the aluminum alloy product obtained in example 1 had a room temperature tensile strength of 587MPa, an elongation of 10.3%, a tensile strength of 501MPa at 150 ℃, an elongation of 13.4%, a tensile strength of 461MPa at 200 ℃, an elongation of 18.2%, a tensile strength of 411MPa at 250 ℃ and an elongation of 20.5%.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: weighing Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-25 Cu, Al-30Gd and intermediate alloy Al-25 Nd according to the mixture ratio of 6% Zn, 3% Mg, 2% Cu, 0.5% Gd, 0.2% Nd and the balance of Al, and feeding the materials into a preheating kettle to preheat to 160 ℃;
step two: feeding Al, Zn and Mg into a melting kettle, heating to 700 ℃, adding intermediate alloys Al-Cu, Al-Gd and Al-Nd after the Al, Zn and Mg are completely melted, and heating to 737 ℃;
step three: after all metals are completely melted, heating to 775 ℃, then cooling to 715 ℃, pouring into a preheated die, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy primary product;
step four: and (3) heating the aluminum alloy to 555 ℃ for 14h, then cooling to 248 ℃, preserving heat for 20h, and cooling to room temperature in air to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy.
As a result of the test, the aluminum alloy product obtained in example 2 had room-temperature tensile strength of 617MPa, elongation of 12.1%, 150 ℃ tensile strength of 593MPa, elongation of 17.3%, 200 ℃ tensile strength of 552MPa, elongation of 22.1%, 250 ℃ tensile strength of 488.2MPa, and elongation of 29.1%.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: weighing Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-25 Cu, Al-30Gd and intermediate alloy Al-25 Nd according to the proportion of 5.5 percent of Zn, 2.5 percent of Mg, 1.5 percent of Cu, 0.4 percent of Gd, 0.15 percent of Nd and the balance of Al, and feeding the materials into a preheating kettle to preheat to 150 ℃;
step two: feeding Al, Zn and Mg into a melting kettle, heating to 690 ℃, adding intermediate alloys Al-Cu, Al-Gd and Al-Nd after the Al, Zn and Mg are completely melted, heating to 726 ℃;
step three: after all metals are completely melted, heating to 770 ℃, then cooling to 700 ℃, pouring into a preheated mold, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy primary product;
step four: and (3) heating the aluminum alloy to 510 ℃ for 10 hours, then cooling to 206 ℃, preserving heat for 17 hours, and cooling to room temperature in air to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy.
As a result of the test, the aluminum alloy product obtained in example 3 had a room temperature tensile strength of 611MPa, an elongation of 10.9%, a tensile strength at 150 ℃ of 561MPa, an elongation of 17.6%, a tensile strength at 200 ℃ of 537.6MPa, an elongation of 20.5%, a tensile strength at 250 ℃ of 477.2MPa, and an elongation of 25.1%.
Comparative example
The aluminum alloy 1370 type sold in the market is selected as a comparison example, and the detection result of a sample of the comparison example is that the tensile strength at room temperature is 572MPa, and the elongation is 5.7%; the tensile strength at 150 ℃ is 452MPa, and the elongation is 7.8%; the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 421MPa, and the elongation is 9.4%; the tensile strength at 250 ℃ was 305MPa, and the elongation was 11.2%.
According to the comparison of the final test results of the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example, it can be known that the tensile strength and the elongation of the examples 1 to 3 are obviously improved compared with the comparative example at room temperature, and the tensile strength and the elongation of the examples 1 to 3 are obviously better than those of the comparative example along with the rise of temperature, so that the aluminum alloy of the invention can still have better performance at high temperature, and can meet the application requirements of the aluminum alloy in high-end industries such as aerospace, automobile and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized in that: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-6% of Zn, 2-3% of Mg, 1-2% of Cu, 0.3-0.5% of Gd, 0.1-0.2% of Nd, less than 0.1% of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
2. The rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein:
the mass of the Cu is recorded as the final Cu adding mass by the mass of the Cu in the intermediate alloy Al-Cu;
the mass of Gd is recorded as the final adding mass of Gd by the mass of Gd in the intermediate alloy Al-Gd;
the mass of Nd is expressed as the final mass of Nd added by the mass of Nd in the intermediate alloy Al-Nd.
3. The rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein:
the intermediate alloy Al-Cu is Al-25 Cu;
the intermediate alloy Al-Gd is Al-30 Gd;
the intermediate alloy Al-Nd is Al-25 Nd.
4. The rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein:
the purity of the Al is more than 99.9%;
the purity of Zn is more than 99.9%;
the purity of the Mg is more than 99.9 percent.
5. The rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein:
the purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Cu is more than 99.5 percent;
the purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Gd is more than 99.5 percent;
the purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Nd is more than 99.5 percent.
6. The heat-resistant rare-earth aluminum alloy as set forth in claim 2, wherein the metallographic structure of the heat-resistant rare-earth aluminum alloy is mainly composed of α -Al matrix and eutectic (α -Al + β -Al)2Mg3Zn3+β-Al2Cu).
7. A preparation method of rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Cu, Al-Gd and intermediate alloy Al-Nd according to the proportion, and sending the mixture into a preheating kettle to preheat to 140-160 ℃;
step two: feeding Al, Zn and Mg into a melting kettle, heating until the Al, Zn and Mg are completely melted, and then adding intermediate alloys Al-Cu, Al-Gd and Al-Nd;
step three: after all metals are completely melted, heating to 765-775 ℃, then cooling to 685-715 ℃, pouring into a preheated mold, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy primary product;
step four: the aluminum alloy is treated by heating to the temperature of 465-555 ℃, the heating time is 6-14h, then cooling to the temperature of 164-248 ℃, preserving the heat for 14-20h, and air cooling to the room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy finished product.
8. The method for preparing a rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the second step, the melting temperature of Al, Zn and Mg is 680-700 ℃, intermediate alloys Al-Cu, Al-Gd and intermediate alloys Al-Nd are added when the temperature is increased to 715-737 ℃, and the intermediate alloys Al-Cu, Al-Gd and intermediate alloys Al-Nd are completely melted at the temperature.
9. The method for preparing a rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the third step, when the temperature is raised to 765-775 ℃, the temperature raising rate is 5-10 ℃/min, and when the temperature is lowered to 685-715 ℃, the temperature lowering rate is 10-20 ℃/min.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115029593A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-09 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Composite rare earth-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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