CN111018475A - High-performance rammed soil cubic test piece and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance rammed soil cubic test piece and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111018475A CN111018475A CN201911163249.3A CN201911163249A CN111018475A CN 111018475 A CN111018475 A CN 111018475A CN 201911163249 A CN201911163249 A CN 201911163249A CN 111018475 A CN111018475 A CN 111018475A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00991—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for testing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of raw soil, 10-50 parts of sand, 10-50 parts of pebbles, 2-10 parts of cement, 2-10 parts of lime, 1-5 parts of soil curing agent, 0.1-0.25 part of hemp and 1-5 parts of water glass. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials and mixing: weighing the raw materials according to the formula ratio, and sequentially putting the raw materials into a stirrer for stirring for 7min, wherein the water content of the mixed material is controlled to be 8-12%; step two: and (5) ramming a cubic test piece. Compared with the traditional rammed soil cubic test piece, the anti-cracking strength and the compressive strength of the rammed soil cubic test piece prepared by the invention are improved, and the main problems of the traditional rammed soil dwelling are solved to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to rammed soil containing various external admixtures and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Rammed earth buildings have a long history and are widely distributed worldwide. The rammed earth building material can be made of local materials, is easy to construct, has low manufacturing cost, is green and environment-friendly, is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the like. In recent years, due to the rapid industrialization and severe environmental deterioration, people have come to pay more attention to green and environment-friendly building materials. The most common building form in China is concrete and brick-concrete structure, the processing and construction process of building materials can generate huge damage to the ecological environment, a large amount of building garbage is difficult to treat, and the rammed earth material returns to the sight of people again.
The traditional rammed earth material also has a plurality of defects, such as low strength, easy cracking and the like. The traditional rammed-earth folk house mostly exists in poor rural areas in China, the house is built, earth materials are selected randomly, the water content of the earth materials is not controlled carefully, a ramming tool falls behind, the earth materials are rammed insufficiently densely, and the quality problems of construction can obviously reduce the safety performance of the house. Moreover, rammed earth civil houses are mostly built for villagers, do not pass through complete design flow, and peasants' safety consciousness is thin, does not have any anti-seismic structure measure nearly, and the house wholeness is relatively poor. In earthquake disasters of the past year, the damage condition of rammed earth buildings is far greater than that of concrete buildings, and serious personnel and property loss is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a high-performance rammed-earth cubic test piece and a preparation method thereof, and the aim of improving the performance of the traditional rammed-earth residential building is fulfilled.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece comprises raw soil, sand, stones, cement, lime, a soil curing agent, hemp fibers and water glass.
The invention also comprises the following technical characteristics:
specifically, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of raw soil, 10-50 parts of sand, 10-50 parts of pebbles, 2-10 parts of cement, 2-10 parts of lime, 1-5 parts of soil curing agent, 0.1-0.25 part of hemp and 1-5 parts of water glass.
Specifically, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of raw soil, 45 parts of sand, 45 parts of pebbles, 10 parts of cement, 5 parts of lime, 1 part of soil curing agent, 0.1 part of hemp thread and 2 parts of water glass.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials and mixing: weighing the raw materials according to the formula ratio, and sequentially putting the raw materials into a stirrer for stirring for 7min, wherein the water content of the mixed material is controlled to be 8-12%;
step two: ramming a cubic test piece: brushing oil on the inner side of the template, measuring the height of each added soil material by using a steel ruler, and controlling the feeding thickness of each layer to be 150 mm; the tamping process comprises the steps of firstly tamping for three times in a 'return' shape from outside to inside and then tamping for three times in an S-shaped mode; after each layer of soil material is dense, checking the thickness of the cubic test piece again to ensure that each layer is 100 mm; after the tamping is finished, the template needs to be immediately detached, the cubic test piece is naturally air-dried in a cool and ventilated place, direct sunlight is avoided, the internal temperature and humidity distribution of the test piece are prevented from being uneven, local cracking is avoided, and the test piece is maintained for 28 days.
Specifically, the template in the second step is a steel mold with a rectangular groove-shaped structure, the length, the width and the depth of the internal dimension of the template are 200mm multiplied by 300mm, and a mark is engraved at the height of 200mm in the template by a blade; and in the tamping process, the mixture is tamped to the marked position and then can be stopped.
Specifically, in the second step, the tool for tamping the cubic test piece is a pneumatic rammer.
The high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece is prepared by the preparation method of the high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece prepared by the formula is intended to be used in the field of buildings and can be widely applied to the field of buildings. The method is popularized and used in rural areas where rammed earth buildings are prevalent, achieves the aims of green, safety and livable residence on the premise of not increasing the manufacturing cost obviously, and improves the overall performance of the traditional rammed earth residential houses.
Compared with the traditional rammed soil cubic test piece, the rammed soil cubic test piece prepared by the invention has the advantages that the anti-cracking strength and the compressive strength are improved, and the main problems of the traditional rammed soil dwelling are solved to a certain extent.
Detailed Description
According to the technical scheme, the functions and specifications of the raw materials adopted by the invention are as follows:
raw soil: the underground soil which is not artificially stirred in a natural state has less gravel content and is not processed at all, so that the bonding property inside the rammed soil cube is ensured, and the underground soil is a main raw material of the rammed soil test piece.
Sand: the sand selected in the experiment is fine sand with the particle size of 5-10 mm, and the loose sand is screened out by a sieve to filter out some large impurities. The fine sand can effectively fill the gap inside the rammed soil cube test piece, the internal structure is compact, the ramming quality and compactness are improved, and the generation and the development of cracks are favorably inhibited.
Stone: the main function of the stone is to play a role of a framework, support the internal structure of the test piece and improve the overall performance and strength of the test piece. The stones selected in the test mainly comprise fine stones, and the stones with overlarge grain sizes easily cause the early cracking of the test piece or the direct falling of the stones after tamping.
Cement: the common cement is mainly portland cement, and the main mineral composition of the common cement is as follows: tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite and a small amount of gypsum, wherein the main chemical components of the gypsum are hydraulic cementing materials such as CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO and the like. The performance of the soil material can be changed by adding a small amount of cement into the soil material, and the cement is distributed in the soil to form a firm core, and a framework of hydrated cement is formed in most gaps, so that the effect of restraining particles in the soil is achieved. Mixing cement into rammed earth materialThen, the cement particle substances are fully contacted with the moisture in the mixed soil material, and then the hydration reaction is carried out: gypsum dissolves rapidly in water, tricalcium aluminate reacts immediately, tetracalcium aluminoferrite and tricalcium silicate hydrate rapidly, dicalcium silicate hydrates slightly slowly, cubic plate crystals, needle-like crystals and amorphous hydrated calcium silicate gel are formed on the surface of cement particles, wherein the cubic plate crystals with relatively large size are Ca (OH)2The crystal is an ettringite. The final hydration of the portland cement produces hydration products: calcium silicate hydrate gel, calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2) Calcium silicate hydrate (3 CaO.2SiO)2·3H2O), hydrated calcium aluminate (3 CaO. Al)2O3·6H2O), hydrated calcium ferrite (3 CaO. Fe)2O3·6H2O), and the like.
Slaked lime: slaked lime is an air-setting inorganic cementitious material whose main component is Ca (OH)2. After adding hydrated lime to the rammed earth, the hardening also includes carbonization and crystallization. Moreover, the larger adsorption energy on the surface of the soil particles can generate physical adsorption, so that the hydrophilic capacity and the surface free capacity of the soil particles are reduced, and the soil particles are favorable for coalescence; secondly, in the presence of water, the soil is Ca (OH)2Dissociation reaction can occur under strong alkali condition, and dissociated anion can react with Ca2+、Mg2+The plasma generates chemical reaction, and the bonding performance among soil particles is enhanced, so that the strength and the water stability of the soil are improved
Soil curing agent: the soil curing agent mainly has two curing modes for soil particles, one mode is that the components in the soil curing agent stimulate the activity of the soil particles, so that the soil particles fully participate in chemical reaction, and a soil body can form a stable whole; the other is that the soil stabilizer forms a structure of bonding soil particles by utilizing the reaction of self components, so that the soil particles can be embedded and wrapped in the formed structure. Therefore, the soil stabilizer can solidify soil body and improve the integral strength and water stability of the soil stabilizer.
Hemp silk: the hemp fiber material is added into the soil material, so that the tensile property of the hemp fiber material is utilized, the free motion of the soil body is restrained through the friction force and the occlusion force between the hemp fiber material and the soil body, the integral tie is formed in the soil body space, the lateral deformation of the soil body is effectively limited, the integrity of the soil body is enhanced, and meanwhile, the formation of surface cracks of the cubic test piece can be limited.
Water glass: the main component of water glass is sodium silicate, which is a mineral binder. The water glass has better adhesive property and can enhance the adhesive property among the mixed soil materials. The viscosity gradually increases with the increase of the water glass modulus. Generally, the modulus of the water glass for soil improvement is controlled to be 2.5-3.5. The bonding is mainly from silicic acid gel separated out when the water glass is hardened, and the silicic acid gel can fill the pores of the mixed soil.
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece and a preparation method thereof, and the test piece comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of raw soil, 10 parts of sand, 10 parts of pebbles, 2 parts of cement, 2 parts of lime, 1 part of soil curing agent, 0.1 part of hemp thread and 1 part of water glass.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) manufacturing a test piece template, namely, customizing 3 steel molds with the same size of 200mm multiplied by 300mm, marking the positions with a blade at the height of about 200mm inside the mold, tamping mixed soil materials to the marked positions, stopping the tamping, preparing various modified materials required by the test, calculating the mass of the modified materials required by the mixing, processing the modified materials before holding the modified materials, strictly controlling the mixing with soil materials and tamping, strictly controlling the moisture content of the test piece, namely, adding a rain wire and the like to a proper length, ② mixing ramming material, adding the test piece, sand, stone and the like to the prepared concrete according to the proportion, strictly controlling the moisture content of the test piece, namely, adding the sand, the stone and the like to the prepared concrete template, and the concrete, and the like to be dried, and drying the concrete, wherein the concrete is dried, and dried, wherein the concrete is dried, the moisture content of the test piece is strictly controlled to be a special dry, is kept, 150mm, and is ensured.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece and a preparation method thereof, and the embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that the high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of raw soil, 30 parts of sand, 30 parts of pebbles, 6 parts of cement, 6 parts of lime, 3 parts of soil curing agent, 0.175 part of hemp thread and 3 parts of water glass. Wherein, the specification and the preparation steps of all raw materials are the same as those of the example 1.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece and a preparation method thereof, and the embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that the high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of raw soil, 50 parts of sand, 50 parts of pebbles, 10 parts of cement, 10 parts of lime, 5 parts of soil curing agent, 0.25 part of hemp thread and 5 parts of water glass. Wherein, the specification and the preparation steps of all raw materials are the same as those of the example 1.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece and a preparation method thereof, and the embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that the high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of raw soil, 45 parts of sand, 45 parts of pebbles, 10 parts of cement, 5 parts of lime, 1 part of soil curing agent, 0.1 part of hemp thread and 2 parts of water glass. Wherein, the specification and the preparation steps of all raw materials are the same as those of the example 1.
Comparative example 1:
this comparative example, which differs from example 4 in that the starting materials are free of sand, shows a rammed-earth cube test piece and a method for its preparation. The specification, the amount and the preparation steps of other raw materials are the same as those of the example 4.
Comparative example 2:
the present comparative example shows a rammed earth cubic test piece and a method for preparing the same, which differs from example 4 in that no stones are present in the raw material. The specification, the amount and the preparation steps of other raw materials are the same as those of the example 4.
Comparative example 3:
the present comparative example shows a rammed earth cubic test piece and a method for preparing the same, which differs from example 4 in that no cement is present in the raw materials. The specification, the amount and the preparation steps of other raw materials are the same as those of the example 4.
Comparative example 4:
the present comparative example shows a rammed earth cubic test piece and a method for preparing the same, which differs from example 4 in that lime is not present in the raw material. The specification, the amount and the preparation steps of other raw materials are the same as those of the example 4.
Comparative example 5:
the present comparative example shows a rammed soil cubic test piece and a method for preparing the same, which is different from example 4 in that the soil stabilizer is not present in the raw materials. The specification, the amount and the preparation steps of other raw materials are the same as those of the example 4.
Comparative example 6:
the present comparative example shows a rammed earth cubic test piece and a method for preparing the same, which differs from example 4 in that there are no hemp threads in the raw material. The specification, the amount and the preparation steps of other raw materials are the same as those of the example 4.
Comparative example 7:
the present comparative example shows a rammed earth cubic test piece and a method for preparing the same, which differs from example 4 in that no water glass is present in the raw materials. The specification, the amount and the preparation steps of other raw materials are the same as those of the example 4.
The above examples and comparative examples are characterized as follows:
the invention adopts a steel mould of 200mm multiplied by 300mm to control the section size and the height, the compaction conditions of the mixed soil are basically the same, and the invention imitates the ramming form of the traditional rural residences. And curing the test piece for 28 days, and then carrying out a compression test to obtain the crack strength of 0.6-4.67 MPa and the compression strength of 1.2-6.74 MPa, wherein the specific test results are as follows:
TABLE 1 test data for 28 days for the high performance cubic test piece of the present invention and the comparative cubic test piece
| Numbering | Cross sectional dimension (mm)2) | Crack strength (Mpa) | Compressive strength (Mpa) |
| Example 1 | 200×200 | 3.78 | 6.04 |
| Example 2 | 200×200 | 3.98 | 6.26 |
| Example 3 | 200×200 | 3.77 | 6.42 |
| Example 4 | 200×200 | 4.67 | 6.74 |
| Comparative example 1 | 200×200 | 3.14 | 5.44 |
| Comparative example 2 | 200×200 | 3.56 | 4.97 |
| Comparative example 3 | 200×200 | 2.53 | 4.35 |
| Comparative example 4 | 200×200 | 2.97 | 5.52 |
| Comparative example 5 | 200×200 | 3.76 | 6.17 |
| Comparative example 6 | 200×200 | 2.69 | 6.33 |
| Comparative example 7 | 200×200 | 3.22 | 5.96 |
The experimental results show that:
compared with the traditional rammed soil cubic test piece, the rammed soil cubic test piece prepared by the invention has the advantages that the anti-cracking strength and the compressive strength are improved, and the main problems of the traditional rammed soil dwelling are solved to a certain extent.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece comprises raw soil as raw materials, and is characterized by further comprising sand, stones, cement, lime, a soil curing agent, hemp fibers and water glass.
2. The preparation method of the high-performance rammed earth cubic test piece according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of raw soil, 10-50 parts of sand, 10-50 parts of pebbles, 2-10 parts of cement, 2-10 parts of lime, 1-5 parts of soil curing agent, 0.1-0.25 part of hemp and 1-5 parts of water glass.
3. The preparation method of the high-performance rammed earth cubic test piece according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of raw soil, 45 parts of sand, 45 parts of pebbles, 10 parts of cement, 5 parts of lime, 1 part of soil curing agent, 0.1 part of hemp thread and 2 parts of water glass.
4. A method for preparing a cubic high performance rammed earth test piece according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials and mixing: weighing the raw materials according to the formula ratio, and sequentially putting the raw materials into a stirrer for stirring for 7min, wherein the water content of the mixed material is controlled to be 8-12%;
step two: ramming a cubic test piece: brushing oil on the inner side of the template, measuring the height of each added soil material by using a steel ruler, and controlling the feeding thickness of each layer to be 150 mm; the tamping process comprises the steps of firstly tamping for three times in a 'return' shape from outside to inside and then tamping for three times in an S-shaped mode; after each layer of soil material is dense, checking the thickness of the cubic test piece again to ensure that each layer is 100 mm; after the tamping is finished, the template needs to be immediately detached, the cubic test piece is naturally air-dried in a cool and ventilated place, direct sunlight is avoided, the internal temperature and humidity distribution of the test piece are prevented from being uneven, local cracking is avoided, and the test piece is maintained for 28 days.
5. The method for preparing the high-performance rammed earth cubic test piece according to claim 4, wherein the template in the second step is a steel mold with a rectangular parallelepiped groove-shaped structure, the length, the width and the depth of the internal dimension of the template are 200mm x 300mm, and a mark is engraved at the height of 200mm in the template by a blade; and in the tamping process, the mixture is tamped to the marked position and then can be stopped.
6. The method for preparing the high-performance rammed soil cubic test piece according to claim 5, wherein in the second step, the tool for ramming the cubic test piece is a pneumatic rammer.
7. A high-performance rammed-earth cubic test piece which is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of the high-performance rammed-earth cubic test piece according to claim 6.
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| CN111533496A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-08-14 | 北京建筑大学 | Organic modified rammed earth material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111548074A (en) * | 2020-06-07 | 2020-08-18 | 福州大学 | Rammed earth wall formula and preparation method thereof |
| CN113912371A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-01-11 | 昆明理工泛亚设计集团有限公司 | Anti-cracking waterproof rammed earth wall and construction method thereof |
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| CN111533496A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-08-14 | 北京建筑大学 | Organic modified rammed earth material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111533496B (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2021-11-26 | 北京建筑大学 | Organic modified rammed earth material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111548074A (en) * | 2020-06-07 | 2020-08-18 | 福州大学 | Rammed earth wall formula and preparation method thereof |
| CN113912371A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-01-11 | 昆明理工泛亚设计集团有限公司 | Anti-cracking waterproof rammed earth wall and construction method thereof |
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