CN111016693A - Wireless charging system of electric steam suitable for under multi-angle bend - Google Patents

Wireless charging system of electric steam suitable for under multi-angle bend Download PDF

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CN111016693A
CN111016693A CN201911182779.2A CN201911182779A CN111016693A CN 111016693 A CN111016693 A CN 111016693A CN 201911182779 A CN201911182779 A CN 201911182779A CN 111016693 A CN111016693 A CN 111016693A
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coil
mutual inductance
pick
turns
compensation
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CN111016693B (en
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骆强
胥飞
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Shanghai Dianji University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric steam wireless charging system suitable for multi-angle curves, which is used for keeping the stability of mutual inductance and voltage and increasing the mutual inductance and pickup voltage when an electric automobile turns.

Description

Wireless charging system of electric steam suitable for under multi-angle bend
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless charging of electric automobiles, in particular to an electric automobile wireless charging system suitable for multi-angle curves.
Background
In the dynamic wireless charging system of the electric automobile, the rectangular coil adopted on the straight track is the pickup coil, the transverse deviation resistance is good, the transmission efficiency is high, the control and the installation are easy, the cost is low, and the transmitting track in the wireless charging system is of a long guide rail type, so that the dynamic wireless charging system has the advantages of few electric energy conversion devices and low system cost.
However, under the multi-angle curve, the electric automobile has large fluctuation and low pickup energy when turning, and meanwhile, the anti-offset capability at the curve is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the wireless electric steam charging system suitable for multi-angle curves.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a wireless charging system of electric vapour suitable for under multi-angle bend for realize when electric automobile turns, keep the stability of mutual inductance and voltage, and increase mutual inductance and pick up voltage, this system includes transmitting coil, the rectangle that installs in electric automobile chassis and pick up coil and parallel arrangement at the compensation coil directly over the rectangle pick up coil of turning along with the road surface, electric automobile go directly over transmitting coil, rectangle pick up coil and compensation coil drive electric automobile that connects in parallel each other.
The compensation coil comprises two circular coils, and the diameter of each circular coil is equal to the length of the wide side of the rectangular pickup coil.
The center of each circular coil is arranged 1cm above the midpoint of the wide side of the corresponding rectangular pickup coil.
The long side of the rectangular pick-up coil is larger than the diameter of the circular coil.
The length difference between the long side of the rectangular pick-up coil and the diameter of the circular coil is 1 cm.
The long side of the rectangular pick-up coil is equal to the width of the transmitting coil.
The optimal turn ratio Zeta between the compensating coil and the pick-up coil0The expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002291715390000021
wherein N is the number of turns of the compensation coil, and N is1F (R, R) as the number of turns of the pick-up coil1,R2,h,α)、 G(L1,L2,D1,D2H) and H (L)1,L2,R1,R2H, α) are respectively size parameters.
When the electric automobile turns, the mutual inductance fluctuation rate is 0.5%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention calculates the optimized compensation turn ratio by theory, verifies through simulation verification that the optimized compensation turn number realizes the optimized standard, keeps the mutual inductance fluctuation rate at about 0.5% under any bend angle, simultaneously considers the anti-offset capability, and through simulation analysis, the mutual inductance fluctuation is not obvious within +/-5 cm, and finally, through simulation and physical verification, the problem of mutual inductance and pickup voltage fluctuation is greatly reduced under uniform compensation parameters, and the optimized effect is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure of an electric vehicle when passing through a 90-degree wireless charging curve.
FIG. 2 is a plot of a curve compensation energy transfer system dimension identifier.
Fig. 3 is a curve uncompensated diagram.
Fig. 4 is a curve compensation diagram.
Fig. 5 is a graph of mutual inductance fluctuation ratio of the curve compensation pickup system, where fig. 5a shows mutual inductance fluctuation ratio when N is 4, fig. 5b shows mutual inductance fluctuation ratio when N is 5, fig. 5c shows mutual inductance fluctuation ratio when N is 6, and fig. 5d shows mutual inductance fluctuation ratio when N is 7.
Fig. 6 is a graph of energy pick-up voltage waveforms.
Figure 7 is a graph of mutual inductance calculated dimensions.
Fig. 8 is a graph for calculating the direct mutual inductance.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing calculation of mutual inductance between a rectangular coil and a curve, where fig. 9a is a model graph of the rectangular coil and the curve, and fig. 9b is a graph showing calculation of mutual inductance.
Fig. 10 is a graph showing a model of a circular coil and a curve, and fig. 10a and 10b are graphs showing mutual inductance calculation.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Examples
The invention provides an electric steam wireless charging system suitable for multi-angle curves, which solves the problems of large mutual inductance fluctuation and small pickup voltage of an electric automobile during turning, stabilizes the mutual inductance of the electric automobile during turning, improves the pickup voltage pickup capability and ensures the stable pickup voltage fluctuation.
The invention relates to a chassis model, an excitation coil and an oscilloscope of an electric automobile, uses COMSOL Multiphysics in the aspect of simulation, is a large-scale physical quantity numerical analysis software developed by COMSOL company in Switzerland, and is widely used for physical modeling and simulation of electromagnetic fields and the like. Meanwhile, joint simulation is carried out by a COMSOL platform and a Matlab/Simulink platform.
As shown in fig. 1, the wireless electric steam charging system suitable for multi-angle curves of the present invention includes an energy collecting system, an energy transmitting system, and a signal detecting and controlling end.
The energy transmitting coil buried underground inevitably turns along with the road to form a guide rail curve. Taking a 90-degree bend as an example, when the wireless rechargeable electric vehicle passes through the bend, the structure and the relationship of the energy transmitting and receiving system are shown in the figure.
When the electric automobile normally runs on a straight road, the rectangular pick-up coil in the automobile and the underground transmitting coil transmit energy. The rectangular pick-up coil is used for regulating and controlling the picked-up energy through electric energy and supplying the energy to the engine, so that the electric automobile is driven to move forward. When the electric automobile runs to the position of the automobile body in front of the curve, the signal detection end of the energy emission system buried underground detects that the automobile arrives. The signal control end at the front end of the automobile receives a signal for starting turning, and the vehicle-mounted receiving compensation coil is ready for receiving energy.
The compensation coil adopted by the invention is a double-circular coil, and is placed on a rectangular pick-up coil of the electric automobile chassis. Further, the transmitting coil in the road surface is laid as a transmitting coil that turns with the road surface. The electric vehicle was driven directly above the transmitting coil while the power was turned on from alternating current at 220V, and the oscillogram of an oscilloscope connected to an energy pick-up system with a compensation coil was observed. For the establishment of the simulation model, the turning model of the electric automobile is established into a rectangular pick-up coil and a transmitting coil model with the bending degree in the COMSOL. And simultaneously connecting Matlab/Simulink for joint simulation, and deducing a curve mutual inductance calculation formula through theory to obtain the turn ratio of optimal compensation.
Let the pickup coil have a length L1Width of D1The number of turns is N1. The vertical distance between the rectangular pick-up coil and the transmitting coil is set as h, and the h is determined according to engineering requirements. The length of the transmitting coil on the straight track is L2Width of D2The number of turns is N2The length of the straight road after the turn is L3The turning angle is α, and the radius of the turning is the inner diameter R1Outer diameter R2And are concentric. The diameter of the circular compensation coil is 2R, and the requirement that 2R is approximately equal to L is met1The spacing of about 1cm was maintained while being placed about 1cm above the rectangular pick-up coil. The parameters between the transmitting and rectangular pick-up coils have the following relations:
Figure BDA0002291715390000041
TABLE 1 main parameters of pick-up, transmitting, compensating coils
Figure BDA0002291715390000042
According to the mutual inductance solving formula and the Neuman formula between the coils, the mutual inductance approximate value M of the rectangular coil on the straight path can be solved1Approximation M of mutual inductance on a curve2Approximate value M of mutual inductance of circular compensation coil on bend3：
Figure BDA0002291715390000043
Figure BDA0002291715390000044
Figure BDA0002291715390000045
In the formula G (L)1,L2,D1,D2,h)、H(L1,L2,R1,R2,h,α)、F(R,R1,R2H, α) is a size parameter, and the solving method is shown in appendix, based on the principle of mutual inductance stability, the mutual inductance of the energy pick-up system of the electric automobile on a straight road and a curve keeps basically equal, and M is obtained1＝M2+M3The optimum turn ratio ζ0Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002291715390000046
mutual inductance (M)1、M2、M3) The method can be obtained by calculation according to the performance requirement of the wireless power supply system of the electric automobile. The number of turns N of the curve circular compensation coil can be obtained according to the formula.
The specific derivation process is as follows:
according to the derivation of mutual inductance of straight and circular arc conductors between two parallel planes in an inductance calculation manual, when other conditions are fixed, the mutual inductance is only influenced by a function taking the size of a coupling mechanism and a coupling distance as parameters, and the function is defined as a size function. The model diagram for calculating the mutual inductance is divided into models consisting of wires, and according to the mutual inductance calculation method, the mutual inductance between the wires is calculated and then superposed to obtain the integral mutual inductance, as shown in fig. 7.
1. Calculation of mutual inductance of straight path
The mutual inductance of the rectangular pick-up coil on a straight path is as follows:
M1＝M1a+M3a+M1c+M3c+M2b+M2d
as shown in fig. 8, in which the mutual inductance M of the conductor a in the rectangular pick-up coil and the conductor 1 in the straight path of the transmitter coil1a：
Figure BDA0002291715390000051
Figure BDA0002291715390000052
The mutual inductance M can be calculated by the formula1aSimilarly, the remaining 5 components can be calculated. When the positions of the receiver coil and the transmitter coil are known, the mutual inductance M in the straight track can be obtained1aOnly with respect to the size of the transmitting and pick-up coils, can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002291715390000053
will mutually induce Ma1Is set to g1(L1,L2H), and the same way, the size function of the remaining 5 components can be obtained. Adding 6 size functions in the straight-path mutual inductance into G (L)1,L2,D1,D2H) the available direct mutual inductance is:
Figure BDA0002291715390000054
2. calculation of mutual inductance of curve
Calculating the mutual inductance of the rectangular pick-up coil on the bend as follows:
M2＝M4a+M8a+M4b+M8b+M4c+M8c+M4d+M8d
as shown in fig. 9, the mutual inductance between the straight conductor a and the curved guide rail 4 in the rectangular coil is:
Figure BDA0002291715390000055
Figure BDA0002291715390000056
Figure BDA00022917153900000610
Figure BDA0002291715390000061
where the curve angle α is α2-α 10 ≦ α ≦ π when the relative position of the transmit and receive coils is known, the mutual inductance may be obtained in relation to the coil size, expressed as:
Figure BDA0002291715390000062
the method is simplified as follows:
Figure BDA0002291715390000063
in the above formula
Figure BDA0002291715390000064
Will mutually induce M4aIs set to h1(L1,R1α, H), the same way, the size function of the remaining 7 components can be obtained, the 8 size functions in the curve mutual inductance are added up to H (L)1,L2,R1,R2H, α), the mutual inductance between the rectangular coil and the curve is:
Figure BDA0002291715390000065
as shown in fig. 10, the mutual inductance of the circular compensation coil and the curved rail is:
Figure BDA0002291715390000066
lambda is an arc section formed by any point P and point P' on the arc 4, and the arc
Figure BDA0002291715390000067
The center angle of the circle is sigma, sigma is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to α. the inner circle compensation coil r2The mutual inductance with the arc bend 4 is:
Figure BDA0002291715390000068
m is aCircular loop r2Mutual inductance with another coaxial circular loop with the radius of rho, h is the distance between the circular coil and the plane where the circular arc is located, and the mutual inductance of the two coaxial circular coils is as follows:
Figure BDA0002291715390000069
K. e is the elliptic integral:
Figure BDA0002291715390000071
because of the fact that
Figure BDA0002291715390000072
The mutual inductance is then:
Figure BDA0002291715390000073
will mutually induce
Figure BDA0002291715390000074
Is set as f1(R,R1H, α), the same way, the size functions for the remaining 3 components are obtained, the 4 size functions in the curve mutual inductance are summed to F (R, R)1,R2H, α), we can obtain the mutual inductance between the circular coil and the curve as:
Figure BDA0002291715390000075
in order to verify whether the design method of the transmitting coil, the pickup coil and the compensation coil can meet the requirement of stable mutual inductance during turning of the electric automobile, the invention is based on a COMSOL Multiphysics simulation platform and based on the parameters obtained by the parameter design method. Fig. 3 and 4 are simulation graphs, fig. 5 is graphs of mutual inductance fluctuation of four common angle curves without compensation and with compensation, and fig. 6 is a graph of a picked-up voltage of an oscilloscope.
In the existing wireless charging technology of the electric automobile, the mutual inductance fluctuation and the fluctuation of the pickup voltage of the electric automobile at the time of a curve are not considered. Compared with the traditional electric automobile during turning, the curve compensation system can effectively keep the mutual inductance and voltage stability, simultaneously increases the mutual inductance and pickup voltage, and improves the transverse offset capability of the electric automobile.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a be applicable to wireless charging system of electric steam under multi-angle bend for realize when electric automobile turns, keep mutual inductance and voltage stable, and increase mutual inductance and pick up voltage, its characterized in that, this system includes the transmitting coil who turns along with the road surface, installs the rectangle pick up coil and the parallel arrangement at the electric automobile chassis and pick up the compensation coil directly over the coil at the rectangle, electric automobile go directly over transmitting coil, rectangle pick up coil and compensation coil parallelly connected drive electric automobile each other.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the compensation coil comprises two circular coils, and each circular coil has a diameter equal to the length of the wide side of the rectangular pickup coil.
3. The electric steam wireless charging system suitable for multi-angle curves as claimed in claim 2, wherein the center of each circular coil is arranged 1cm above the midpoint of the wide side of the corresponding rectangular pickup coil.
4. The system according to claim 2, wherein the rectangular pickup coil has a longer side larger than the diameter of the circular coil.
5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the length difference between the long side of the rectangular pickup coil and the diameter of the circular coil is 1 cm.
6. The system according to claim 4, wherein the rectangular pickup coil has a long side equal to the width of the transmitting coil.
7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the optimal turns ratio ζ of the compensation coil to the pickup coil is0The expression of (a) is:
Figure FDA0002291715380000011
wherein N is the number of turns of the compensation coil, and N is1F (R, R) as the number of turns of the pick-up coil1,R2,h,α)、G(L1,L2,D1,D2H) and H (L)1,L2,R1,R2H, α) are respectively size parameters.
8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the mutual inductance fluctuation ratio is 0.5% when the electric vehicle turns.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111923752A (en) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-13 金陵科技学院 Design and implementation method of sectional type dynamic wireless charging system based on electric trolley
CN112373321A (en) * 2020-10-29 2021-02-19 上海电机学院 Magnetic coupling mutual inductance optimization method and structure for wireless charging curve of electric vehicle

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104810933A (en) * 2015-04-30 2015-07-29 重庆大学 Penetration type rail structure for electric vehicle dynamic wireless power supply
CN109038842A (en) * 2018-07-16 2018-12-18 华北电力大学 With the electric car wireless charging magnetic coupler of mobile intermediate coil and application
WO2019043795A1 (en) * 2017-08-29 2019-03-07 株式会社Ｆｕｊｉ Power transmission unit, transport conveyor, and coil holding part
CN109546697A (en) * 2017-09-20 2019-03-29 丰田自动车株式会社 Non-contact power supply system and power receiving device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104810933A (en) * 2015-04-30 2015-07-29 重庆大学 Penetration type rail structure for electric vehicle dynamic wireless power supply
WO2019043795A1 (en) * 2017-08-29 2019-03-07 株式会社Ｆｕｊｉ Power transmission unit, transport conveyor, and coil holding part
CN109546697A (en) * 2017-09-20 2019-03-29 丰田自动车株式会社 Non-contact power supply system and power receiving device
CN109038842A (en) * 2018-07-16 2018-12-18 华北电力大学 With the electric car wireless charging magnetic coupler of mobile intermediate coil and application

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111923752A (en) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-13 金陵科技学院 Design and implementation method of sectional type dynamic wireless charging system based on electric trolley
CN112373321A (en) * 2020-10-29 2021-02-19 上海电机学院 Magnetic coupling mutual inductance optimization method and structure for wireless charging curve of electric vehicle
CN112373321B (en) * 2020-10-29 2022-08-23 上海电机学院 Magnetic coupling mutual inductance optimization method and structure for wireless charging curve of electric vehicle

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