CN111016344B - High-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric - Google Patents
High-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric Download PDFInfo
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- CN111016344B CN111016344B CN201911041660.3A CN201911041660A CN111016344B CN 111016344 B CN111016344 B CN 111016344B CN 201911041660 A CN201911041660 A CN 201911041660A CN 111016344 B CN111016344 B CN 111016344B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/32—Side-by-side structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H1/435—Polyesters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric, which comprises at least one layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and at least one layer of hydrogel. Firstly, preparing a polyester fiber non-woven fabric with a peanut-shaped cross section by using parallel spinning components, then soaking the polyester fiber non-woven fabric in a hydrogel solution, taking out the polyester fiber non-woven fabric, and performing freeze drying treatment to obtain the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric. The invention utilizes the high water absorption and the adhesiveness of the hydrogel material and the capillary effect of the peanut-shaped structure to prepare the composite non-woven fabric with high water absorption and high strength by compounding the hydrogel material with the high-strength polyester fiber non-woven fabric. By adopting the preparation method, a plurality of layers of polyester fiber non-woven fabrics can be bonded together, and a plurality of layers of high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabrics are obtained. The high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, green and environment-friendly raw materials and excellent water absorption and strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of textile materials, and particularly relates to a high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric.
Background
The non-woven fabric is a non-woven fabric which is formed by directly utilizing high polymer slices, short fibers or filaments to form a net through air flow or machinery, then carrying out spunlace, needle punching or hot rolling reinforcement, and finally finishing. The high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric has wide application space in the fields of fertilizer and water retention in agriculture, moisture absorption materials of articles for daily use, medical materials, waterproof coatings and the like due to excellent performance. However, the traditional non-woven fabric is basically formed by unidirectional spinning, and is reinforced by the self viscosity of the spinning, and the viscosity of the spinning is limited, so that the spinning is easy to accumulate during the rolling spinning in the manufacturing process, the thickness of the whole non-woven fabric is uneven, the water absorption of the traditional non-woven fabric is not good, the water is easy to run off from the thinner part of the non-woven fabric, and the water retention function is poor; in addition, the spun yarn has a limited self-viscosity, so that the edges of the cut nonwoven fabric are easily dispersed. Therefore, it is urgently needed to provide a non-woven fabric with high water absorption and high strength, and expand the application value of the non-woven fabric.
For example, the invention patent with the application number of CN201711187347.1 discloses a high-water-absorption high-strength polyester fiber pen point and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) Carrying out alkali decrement treatment, washing and drying after stranding the polyester fibers; (2) primary heat setting; (3) dipping glue by adopting a double-component polyurethane adhesive; (4) Preheating, curing and foaming the fiber bundle after gum dipping; (5) Cutting and grinding the completely foamed fiber bar; (6) And cleaning and drying to obtain the high-water-absorption high-strength polyester fiber pen point, wherein the water absorption of the finally obtained polyester fiber pen point is 59.0-62.8%, and the strength is 15-22N.
The preparation method is complex, and the high water absorption rate and high strength non-woven fabric is prepared by compounding the hydrogel material with the high water absorption and adhesion of the hydrogel material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric, which is prepared by firstly preparing the polyester fiber non-woven fabric with the peanut-shaped cross section through the parallel spinning components, then soaking the polyester fiber non-woven fabric in a hydrogel solution, taking out the polyester fiber non-woven fabric and then carrying out freeze drying treatment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the composite non-woven fabric with high water absorption and high strength comprises at least one layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and hydrogel adsorbed on the polyester fiber non-woven fabric, wherein the polyester fiber non-woven fabric is composed of polyester fibers with peanut-shaped cross sections, and the hydrogel is adhered to the surfaces of the polyester fiber non-woven fabric through adsorption and freezing.
Furthermore, the single-layer thickness of the polyester fiber non-woven fabric is more than 30 micrometers, and the diameter of the polyester fiber is 5-80 micrometers.
Further, the preparation method of the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
s101, preparing a polyester fiber non-woven fabric with a peanut-shaped cross section by adopting parallel spinning components;
s102, dissolving a hydrogel raw material in deionized water to obtain a hydrogel solution;
s103, dipping the polyester fiber non-woven fabric with the peanut-shaped cross section prepared in the step S101 in the hydrogel solution prepared in the step S102, taking out, and performing freeze drying to obtain the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric.
Further, the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric comprises two layers of polyester fiber non-woven fabrics and hydrogel adsorbed on the two layers of polyester fiber non-woven fabrics.
Further, the preparation method of the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
s201, preparing a polyester fiber non-woven fabric with a peanut-shaped cross section by adopting a parallel spinning assembly, cutting the polyester fiber non-woven fabric into 2 polyester fiber non-woven fabrics which are respectively marked as a first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and a second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric;
s202, dissolving a hydrogel raw material in deionized water to obtain a hydrogel solution;
s203, respectively soaking the first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and the second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric in the step S201 in the hydrogel solution in the step S202, taking out the first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and the second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric, attaching the first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and the second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric, then carrying out freeze drying treatment, and taking out the first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and the second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric to obtain the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric.
Further, in step S102 or step S202, the hydrogel raw material is any one of sodium alginate, sodium hyaluronate, and polyvinyl alcohol.
Further, in step S102 or step S202, the mass concentration of the hydrogel material in the hydrogel solution is 0.5 to 5%.
Further, in step S103 or step S204, the temperature of the dipping treatment is 75 to 95 ℃ and the time is 10 to 60min.
Further, in step S103 or step S204, the temperature of the freeze drying treatment is-10 to-30 ℃, and the time is 8 to 30 hours.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the high-water absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the polyester fiber non-woven fabric with the peanut-shaped cross section is obtained by spinning the parallel spinning components, and is used as the high-strength base layer non-woven fabric, and the water absorption of the non-woven fabric is improved by utilizing the capillary effect of the peanut-shaped structure.
(2) According to the invention, the polyester fiber non-woven fabric is soaked in the hydrogel solution, and is taken out and then subjected to freeze drying treatment to obtain the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric, and in the freezing process, molecules of the hydrogel form a three-dimensional network structure through hydrogen bonds, intermolecular forces and the like, so that the composite non-woven fabric has strong water absorption and moisture retention capacity; in addition, the three-dimensional network structure can penetrate through gaps among fibers in the polyester fiber non-woven fabric, so that the bonding force among the fibers and among layers in the polyester fiber non-woven fabric is improved, and the strength of the non-woven fabric is improved.
(3) According to the invention, the peanut-type structure of the cross section of the polyester fiber is combined with the three-dimensional network structure of the hydrogel through impregnation and adsorption, and hydrogel molecules are distributed in capillary grooves formed in the peanut-type structure, so that the content of the hydrogel in the non-woven fabric is increased, and the water absorption rate and moisture retention of the non-woven fabric are improved.
(4) The invention skillfully combines the high strength of the polyester fiber and the high water absorbability of the hydrogel, obtains the high-water-absorption and high-strength composite non-woven fabric by simple dipping and freezing treatment, and has the advantages of simple preparation method and green and environment-friendly raw materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a high water absorption and high strength composite nonwoven fabric provided in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing the high water absorption high strength composite nonwoven fabric provided in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a peanut-type polyester fiber.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 3, the high-water-absorption high-strength composite nonwoven fabric provided by the present invention includes at least one polyester fiber nonwoven fabric layer and hydrogel adsorbed on the polyester fiber nonwoven fabric layer, wherein the polyester fiber nonwoven fabric layer is composed of polyester fibers with peanut-shaped cross sections, and the hydrogel is adhered to the surface of the polyester fiber nonwoven fabric layer by adsorption and freezing.
Preferably, the thickness of the single layer of the polyester fiber non-woven fabric is more than 30 μm, and the diameter of the polyester fiber is 5-80 μm. When the single-layer thickness of the polyester fiber non-woven fabric is less than 30 mu m, the strength of the non-woven fabric is lower; when the diameter of the polyester fiber is less than 5 μm, the strength of the nonwoven fabric is low, and when it exceeds 80 μm, the specific surface area is reduced, and the content of the hydrogel is reduced, so that the moisture absorption rate and the adhesive strength are low.
Preferably, the preparation method of the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
s101, preparing a polyester fiber non-woven fabric with a peanut-shaped cross section by adopting parallel spinning components;
s102, dissolving a hydrogel raw material in deionized water to obtain a hydrogel solution;
s103, dipping the polyester fiber non-woven fabric with the peanut-shaped cross section prepared in the step S101 in the hydrogel solution prepared in the step S102, taking out, and performing freeze drying to obtain the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric.
Through immersion adsorption and freezing, hydrogel molecules are uniformly distributed in gaps and between layers of the polyester fibers, so that the water absorption rate and the strength of the non-woven fabric are improved.
Further, the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric comprises two layers of polyester fiber non-woven fabrics and hydrogel adsorbed on the two layers of polyester fiber non-woven fabrics. The multiple layers of polyester fibers are bonded together through the hydrogel, so that the strength of the multiple layers of non-woven fabrics is improved, and an application approach is provided for the field of the non-woven fabrics with different thicknesses.
Preferably, the preparation method of the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
s201, preparing a polyester fiber non-woven fabric with a peanut-shaped cross section by adopting parallel spinning components, cutting the polyester fiber non-woven fabric into 2 polyester fiber non-woven fabrics which are respectively marked as a first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and a second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric;
s202, dissolving a hydrogel raw material in deionized water to obtain a hydrogel solution;
s203, respectively soaking the first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and the second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric in the step S201 in the hydrogel solution in the step S202, taking out the first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and the second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric, attaching the first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and the second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric, then carrying out freeze drying treatment, and taking out the first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and the second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric to obtain the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric.
Preferably, in step S102 or step S202, the hydrogel raw material is any one of sodium alginate, sodium hyaluronate and polyvinyl alcohol, and has the advantages of high water absorption rate and environmental friendliness.
Preferably, in step S102 or step S202, the hydrogel solution has a mass concentration of the hydrogel material of 0.5 to 5%. The mass concentration of the hydrogel raw material is too low, the adsorption rate of hydrogel molecules is slowed, and the adsorption quantity is reduced; the mass concentration is too high, and the viscosity of aquogel solution will show and improve, is unfavorable for even absorption, and adsorbs thickness can be too big, leads to the relative content reduction of polyester fiber non-woven fabrics, reduces composite non-woven fabrics's intensity.
Preferably, in step S103 or step S203, the temperature of the immersion treatment is 75 to 95 ℃ and the time is 10 to 60min. At 75-95 ℃, the viscosity of the hydrogel solution can be properly reduced, and the impregnation and adsorption are facilitated.
Preferably, in step S103 or step S203, the temperature of the freeze-drying treatment is-10 to-30 ℃ and the time is 8 to 30 hours. In the freeze drying process, hydrogel molecules form a three-dimensional network structure and penetrate through the fibers and layers of the polyester fiber non-woven fabric.
The nonwoven fabrics prepared in the following examples and comparative examples were tested for water absorption and tensile properties by the following methods:
(1) Water absorption rate
Wherein G is 1 Quality of nonwoven samples saturated with water, G 0 The mass of the dried nonwoven fabric before water absorption.
(2) Tensile Properties
The tensile strength test was carried out on the test specimens according to the standard GB/T24218, with a specimen width of 50mm, a clamping distance of 200mm and a tensile rate of 100mm/min.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a high water absorption and high strength composite nonwoven fabric comprising a polyester fiber nonwoven fabric and sodium alginate hydrogel adsorbed on the polyester fiber nonwoven fabric is prepared by the following steps:
s101, spinning by adopting a melt spinning method and a parallel spinning assembly to prepare polyester fibers with peanut-shaped cross sections and 20 mu m diameters, and laying a net to obtain a polyester fiber non-woven fabric with the thickness of 50 mu m;
s102, dissolving sodium alginate in deionized water to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the mass concentration of 1%;
s103, dipping the polyester fiber non-woven fabric prepared in the step S101 in the sodium alginate solution prepared in the step S102 at 85 ℃ for 30min, and then taking out to be subjected to freeze drying treatment at-20 ℃ for 15h to obtain the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric.
The high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric prepared by the method has the water absorption of 67.8 percent and the longitudinal breaking strength of 38N/50mm. Compared with the polyester fiber non-woven fabric in the prior art, the water absorption rate and the strength of the non-woven fabric are both obviously improved.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, a high-water-absorption high-strength composite nonwoven fabric comprising two layers of polyester fiber nonwoven fabrics and sodium alginate hydrogel adsorbed on the two layers of polyester fiber nonwoven fabrics is prepared by the following steps:
s201, spinning by adopting a melt spinning method and a parallel spinning assembly to prepare polyester fibers with peanut-shaped cross sections and 20 mu m diameters, laying the polyester fibers into a net to obtain polyester fiber non-woven fabrics with the thickness of 50 mu m, and cutting the polyester fiber non-woven fabrics into 2 polyester fiber non-woven fabrics with the same size;
s202, dissolving sodium alginate in deionized water to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the mass concentration of 1%;
s203, respectively soaking the 2 pieces of polyester fiber non-woven fabrics prepared in the step S201 in the sodium alginate solution prepared in the step S202 at the soaking temperature of 85 ℃ for 30min, taking out, bonding the 2 pieces of polyester fiber non-woven fabrics together, and then carrying out freeze drying treatment at the temperature of-20 ℃ for 15h to obtain the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric.
The high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric prepared by the method has the water absorption of 68.4 percent and the longitudinal breaking strength of 49N/50mm. The strength and water absorption were improved as compared with example 1, and it was demonstrated that increasing the thickness of the nonwoven fabric contributes to the improvement of the strength and water absorption of the nonwoven fabric.
Examples 3 to 8
Examples 3 to 8 are different from example 1 in that the preparation conditions in step S101 are shown in table 1, and the rest are substantially the same as example 1, and are not repeated herein.
As can be seen from Table 1, the water absorption of the nonwoven fabric gradually decreases and the breaking strength gradually increases with the increase of the diameter of the polyester fiber, and when the diameter is less than 5 μm, the breaking strength decreases to 21N/50mm, and when the diameter is more than 80 μm, the water absorption decreases to 59.1%, indicating that the increase of the comprehensive performance of the nonwoven fabric is not facilitated by too large and too small diameters. With the increase of the non-woven fabric, the water absorption rate is not changed greatly, the breaking strength is increased gradually, and when the thickness is too small, the breaking strength is smaller.
Table 1 preparation conditions and performance test results of examples 3 to 8 in step S101
| Examples | Diameter/. Mu.m | Thickness/mum | Water absorption/%) | Breaking strength N/50mm |
| 3 | 3 | 50 | 71.5 | 21 |
| 4 | 5 | 50 | 70.2 | 25 |
| 5 | 80 | 50 | 63.2 | 43 |
| 6 | 90 | 50 | 59.1 | 45 |
| 7 | 50 | 25 | 66.5 | 25 |
| 8 | 50 | 30 | 67.1 | 32 |
Examples 9 to 14
Examples 9 to 14 are different from example 1 in that the preparation conditions in step S102 are shown in table 2, and the rest are substantially the same as example 1, and are not repeated herein.
As can be seen from table 2, the water absorption and breaking strength of the nonwoven fabric prepared by using sodium hyaluronate or polyvinyl alcohol as hydrogel did not change much. With the increase of the mass concentration of the sodium alginate, the water absorption rate and the breaking strength of the non-woven fabric are increased and then reduced, the mass concentration of the hydrogel raw material is too low, the adsorption rate of hydrogel molecules is slowed down, and the adsorption quantity is reduced, so that the water absorption rate is reduced; the mass concentration is too high, and the viscosity of aquogel solution will show and improve, is unfavorable for even absorption, and adsorbs thickness can be too big, leads to the relative content reduction of polyester fiber non-woven fabrics, reduces composite non-woven fabrics's intensity.
Table 2 preparation conditions and performance test results of examples 9 to 14 in step S102
| Examples | Hydrogel raw material | Mass concentration/%) | Water absorption/%) | Breaking strength/N |
| 9 | Hyaluronic acid sodium salt | 1 | 66.8 | 37 |
| 10 | Polyvinyl alcohol | 1 | 66.3 | 38 |
| 11 | Sodium alginate | 0.3 | 60.1 | 36 |
| 12 | Sodium alginate | 0.5 | 63.3 | 37 |
| 13 | Sodium alginate | 5 | 66.5 | 35 |
| 14 | Sodium alginate | 6 | 62.4 | 32 |
Examples 15 to 22
Examples 15 to 22 are different from example 1 in that the preparation conditions in step S103 are shown in table 3, and the rest are substantially the same as example 1, and are not repeated herein.
As can be seen from table 3, the water absorption of the nonwoven fabric decreased as the impregnation temperature decreased, probably because the hydrogel solution concentration increased as the temperature decreased, which was not favorable for uniform adsorption of hydrogel molecules. When the impregnation time is reduced, the water absorption of the nonwoven fabric is reduced because the impregnation time is reduced, the adsorption of hydrogel molecules may not be saturated yet, and the adsorption amount is reduced, so that the water absorption is reduced. Within the freezing temperature and freezing time range defined in the invention, the water absorption rate and breaking strength of the nonwoven fabric do not change much.
Table 3 preparation conditions and performance test results of examples 15 to 22 in step S103
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that the hydrogel treatment of steps S102 and S103 was removed, that is, comparative example 1 is a polyester fiber nonwoven fabric having a peanut-type cross section, a fiber diameter of 20 μm, and a nonwoven fabric thickness of 50 μm.
The nonwoven fabric prepared in comparative example 1 had a water absorption of only 10.5% and a breaking strength of 35N/50mm, and although the water absorption was improved as compared with that of the conventional polyester fiber, it was significantly reduced as compared with example 1, indicating that the adsorption of hydrogel significantly improved the water absorption of the nonwoven fabric.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is different from example 1 in that a polyester fiber having a circular cross-section is prepared using a general spinning assembly in step S101, and the rest is substantially the same as example 1, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
The nonwoven fabric prepared in comparative example 2 had a water absorption of only 45% and a breaking strength of 33N/50mm, which was significantly lower than that of example 1, and also had a reduced breaking strength. Therefore, hydrogel molecules are adsorbed in the peanut-type capillary structure, so that the adsorption quantity is increased, and the water absorption rate and the adhesive force are increased along with the adsorption quantity. Further proves that the combination of the peanut type structure and the hydrogel has a remarkable effect on improving the water absorption rate and the strength of the non-woven fabric.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The composite non-woven fabric with high water absorption and high strength is characterized by comprising at least one layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and hydrogel adsorbed on the polyester fiber non-woven fabric, wherein the polyester fiber non-woven fabric consists of polyester fibers with peanut-shaped cross sections, and the hydrogel is adsorbed in hydrogel solution and is freeze-dried to be adhered to the surface of the polyester fiber non-woven fabric; the molecules of the hydrogel are distributed in capillary grooves formed by the peanut-type structure of the polyester fibers; the single-layer thickness of the polyester fiber non-woven fabric is more than 30 mu m, and the diameter of the polyester fiber is 5-80 mu m;
the preparation method of the single-layer high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
s101, preparing a polyester fiber non-woven fabric with a peanut-shaped cross section by adopting parallel spinning components;
s102, dissolving a hydrogel raw material in deionized water to obtain a hydrogel solution; the hydrogel raw material is any one of sodium alginate, sodium hyaluronate and polyvinyl alcohol; the mass concentration of the hydrogel raw material in the hydrogel solution is 0.5-5%;
s103, dipping the polyester fiber non-woven fabric with the peanut-shaped cross section prepared in the step S101 in the hydrogel solution prepared in the step S102, taking out, and performing freeze drying to obtain the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric; the temperature of the freeze drying treatment is-10 to-30 ℃, and the time is 8 to 30 hours.
2. The high water absorption high strength composite nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, wherein the high water absorption high strength composite nonwoven fabric comprises two layers of polyester fiber nonwoven fabrics and hydrogel adsorbed on the two layers of polyester fiber nonwoven fabrics.
3. The high water absorption high strength composite nonwoven fabric according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the high water absorption high strength composite nonwoven fabric comprises the following steps:
s201, preparing a polyester fiber non-woven fabric with a peanut-shaped cross section by adopting parallel spinning components, cutting the polyester fiber non-woven fabric into 2 polyester fiber non-woven fabrics which are respectively marked as a first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and a second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric;
s202, dissolving a hydrogel raw material in deionized water to obtain a hydrogel solution;
s203, respectively soaking the first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and the second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric in the step S201 in the hydrogel solution in the step S202, taking out the first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and the second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric, attaching the first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and the second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric, then carrying out freeze drying treatment, and taking out the first layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric and the second layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric to obtain the high-water-absorption high-strength composite non-woven fabric.
4. The high water absorption high strength composite nonwoven fabric according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the dipping treatment is 75 to 95 ℃ for 10 to 60min in step S103 or step S203.
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