CN111015572B

CN111015572B - Screw disassembling and assembling equipment

Info

Publication number: CN111015572B
Application number: CN201911150752.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张鑫; 罗诚; 郑素文
Original assignee: 周文文
Current assignee: Chongqing hongxingcheng Technology Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2019-11-21
Filing date: 2019-11-21
Publication date: 2021-05-04
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-21
Also published as: CN111015572A

Abstract

The invention provides a screw dismounting device, which comprises a frame, wherein the lower end of the frame is provided with a vibration transmission device, the vibration transmission device is provided with a fixing device, one side of the vibration transmission device is also provided with a screw sorting device, a screw dismounting device is arranged above the screw sorting device, a foreign matter removing device is arranged at the front end of the screw dismounting device, the tail end of the screw dismounting device is movably arranged in a second mounting bin arranged at the front end of the frame, the tail end of the screw dismounting device is also connected with a driving motor through a motor shaft, the driving motor is connected with a switch for controlling the on-off of a circuit through an electric wire, the screw dismounting device provided by the invention uses vibration to make screws fall into the sorting device, the screws with different sizes are separated, the loss of the screws is avoided, and the screws are cleaned by utilizing the airflow generated by the simple foreign matter removing device.

Description

Screw disassembling and assembling equipment

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of hardware tools and hardware industry, and particularly relates to screw disassembling and assembling equipment.

Background

A screwdriver is a tool used to turn a screw to force it into place or loose and typically has a thin wedge shaped head that is inserted into a slot or recess in the head of the screw. Current state of the art screwdrivers typically employ a wedge head to tighten and loosen the screw.

For example, chinese patent document discloses a hardware screwdriver [ application number: 201810338308.5, including handle and lead screw, the lead screw passes through-hole and handle sliding connection, inside carousel, battery, motor, tool bit apotheca, baffle and the resistance control board of being equipped with of handle, the carousel passes through the draw-in groove and is connected with the handle rotation, baffle and resistance control board pass through the inboard fixed connection of welding and handle, the motor passes through welding and baffle fixed connection, the battery passes through the screw thread and can dismantle with the baffle to be connected, respectively be equipped with the wire between battery and resistance control board and the motor.

Although the hardware screwdriver in the scheme is electric instead of manual operation, the working efficiency is improved, the screws after being disassembled and assembled need to be manually taken, and the screws in different sizes are difficult to distinguish, so that unnecessary loss of the screws is easily caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provides screw disassembling and assembling equipment, which utilizes vibration to enable screws to fall into a sorting device, realizes the separation of screws with different sizes, avoids the loss of the screws, and utilizes a simple foreign matter removing device to generate airflow to realize the cleaning of the screws.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a screw dismounting device comprises a frame, a limit plate is arranged at the lower end of the frame, a vibration transmission device is arranged above the limit plate, the vibration transmission device comprises an elastic ring, a shaft sleeve is arranged at the center of the elastic ring, the shaft sleeve is provided with a fixing device, one side of the elastic ring is also provided with a first mounting bin, a screw sorting device is fixedly mounted in the first mounting bin, a screw dismounting device is arranged above the screw sorting device, a foreign matter removing device is arranged at the front end of the screw dismounting device, the tail end of the screw dismounting device is movably arranged in a second mounting bin arranged at the front end of the frame, the tail end of the screw dismounting device is also connected with a driving motor through a motor shaft, the driving motor is connected with a switch for controlling the on-off of the circuit through an electric wire, the two sides of the switch are also symmetrically provided with fixing grooves matched with the fixing devices.

Preferably, the fixing device comprises a fixing column fixedly connected with the shaft sleeve, a rotating ring is movably mounted at the upper end of the fixing column, an elastic part is fixedly mounted on one side of the rotating ring, and a positioning ball matched with the fixing groove is arranged at the front end of the elastic part.

Preferably, the screw sorting device comprises a sorting box fixedly installed in the first installation bin, one side of the sorting box is provided with an inclined plane, the tail end of the inclined plane is provided with an inner cavity, the bottom of the inner cavity is provided with a bottom plate with a plurality of through holes, a foreign matter bearing drawer is installed below the bottom plate, the foreign matter bearing drawer is installed in a sliding rail below the sorting box through sliding rods arranged on two sides of the foreign matter bearing drawer, and a detachable sieve plate drawer device is further installed above the bottom plate.

Preferably, the sieve plate drawer device comprises a first sieve plate drawer, the first sieve plate drawer comprises a first sieve plate, a first baffle plate is arranged at the front end of the first sieve plate, a first handle is installed on one side of the first baffle plate, a plurality of first sieve holes are formed in the first sieve plate, a second sieve plate drawer is arranged below the first sieve plate drawer and comprises a second sieve plate, a second baffle plate is arranged at the front end of the second sieve plate, a second handle is installed on one side of the second baffle plate, and a plurality of second sieve holes are formed in the second sieve plate.

Preferably, the screw disassembling and assembling device comprises a rotating shaft arranged above the first sieve plate, a third mounting bin is arranged on the rotating shaft, a spring is arranged in the third mounting bin, a screw disassembling component is arranged at the front end of the spring, a straight groove opening is formed in the upper end of the screw disassembling component, a limiting hole is formed in the front end of the straight groove opening, and a limiting device is arranged in the limiting hole.

Preferably, the screw disassembling component comprises a rotary disc fixedly connected with the spring, a screw disassembling rod is arranged at the front end of the rotary disc, and a wedge-shaped head is arranged at the front end of the screw disassembling rod.

Preferably, the limiting device comprises a sliding rod connected with the screw disassembling rod, a fixing plate is arranged at the upper end of the sliding rod, a plurality of elastic pieces are arranged at the lower end of the fixing plate, and sliding blocks matched with the limiting holes are fixedly arranged at the front ends of the elastic pieces.

Preferably, the foreign matter removing device comprises a horizontal rod fixedly connected with the sliding rod, a vertical rod is arranged at the front end of the horizontal rod, a hollow sealed telescopic bin is connected to the front end of the vertical rod, a plurality of air outlet holes are formed in the inner circular surface of the telescopic bin, a straight pipe section is further arranged in the middle section of the telescopic bin, and air flow branch devices which are consistent in structure and symmetrically distributed are arranged below the straight pipe section.

Preferably, the airflow branching device comprises a branch pipe, a shower head is arranged at the lower end of the branch pipe, and a plurality of air transmission ports are formed in the shower head.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the spring arranged at the front end of the screw disassembling device can enable the screw disassembling component to rebound under the action of elastic restoring force, so that a screw is brought to the position right above the screw sorting device, the foreign matter removing device and the screw disassembling device are matched for use, airflow is generated by using the volume change of the telescopic bin, the airflow acts on the screw sorting device through an air conveying port in the shower head, the cleaning of the disassembled screw is facilitated, meanwhile, the airflow acts on the screw disassembling rod through the air outlet hole, foreign matters on the screw disassembling rod are blown, and the friction force between the screw disassembling rod and the rotating shaft is reduced.

2. The fixing device fixes the positioning balls in the fixing grooves by using the elasticity of the elastic piece, and can also move the positioning balls out of the fixing grooves by using the elasticity of the spring.

3. According to the screw sorting device, the screws which are detached are distinguished according to sizes by utilizing different diameters of sieve pores on the multi-layer sieve plate, so that the screws can be conveniently recycled, and the drawer which can be pulled out is arranged in the device, so that the sieve plate can be conveniently pulled out, and the screws can be conveniently taken out.

4. The vibration transmission device transmits the vibration generated in the screw disassembling process to the screw sorting device, and the vibration is used for driving the sieve plate to vibrate, so that the screws are better distinguished according to sizes.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural view of a screw attaching and detaching device provided by the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial sectional view of a screw attaching and detaching device provided by the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a side sectional view of the screw attaching and detaching device provided by the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural view of a screw attaching and detaching device according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a structural view of a screw sorting apparatus provided in the present apparatus.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a screw sorting apparatus provided in the present apparatus.

In the figure, a frame 1, a limit plate 11, a second mounting bin 12, a motor shaft 13a, a driving motor 13, an electric wire 14, a switch 15, a fixing groove 16, a vibration transmission device 2, an elastic ring 21, a shaft sleeve 22, a first mounting bin 23, a fixing device 3, a fixing column 31, a rotating ring 32, an elastic member 33, a positioning ball 34, a screw sorting device 4, a sorting box 41, an inclined plane 41a, an inner cavity 42, a through hole 43, a bottom plate 44, a foreign matter bearing drawer 45, a sliding rod 46, a sliding rail 47, a sieve plate drawer device 48, a first sieve plate drawer A, a first sieve plate A1, a first partition plate A2, a first handle A3, a first sieve hole A4, a second sieve plate drawer B1, a second partition plate B2, a second handle B3, a second sieve hole B4, a screw dismounting device 5, a rotating shaft 51, a third mounting bin 51a, a spring 52, a screw dismounting component D, a straight groove 53, a limit hole 54, The device comprises a limiting device X, a rotating disc D1, a screw dismounting rod D2, a wedge-shaped head D3, a sliding rod X1, a fixing plate X2, an elastic piece X3, a sliding block X4, a foreign matter removing device 6, a horizontal rod 61, a vertical rod 62, a telescopic bin 63, an air outlet hole 63a, a straight pipe section 64, an air flow branching device 65, a branching pipe 66, a shower nozzle 67 and an air conveying port 68.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, a screw disassembling and assembling apparatus includes a frame 1, a limiting plate 11 is disposed at a lower end of the frame 1, a vibration transmitting device 2 is disposed above the limiting plate 11, the vibration transmitting device 2 includes an elastic ring 21, a shaft sleeve 22 is disposed at a center position of the elastic ring 21, a fixing device 3 is disposed on the shaft sleeve 22, the elastic ring 21 in the apparatus can be made of rubber material, the elastic ring 21 can be annular, an inner annular surface of the elastic ring 21 is consistent with an outer diameter of the shaft sleeve 22, the shaft sleeve 22 is fixedly connected with the elastic ring 21 by bonding or thread connection, the shaft sleeve 22 can be made of metal material such as alloy steel, a first mounting bin 23 is further disposed at one side of the elastic ring 21, a screw sorting device 4 is fixedly disposed in the first mounting bin 23, the first mounting bin 23 is connected with the screw sorting device 4 by bonding or expansion connection, in addition, in the device, a screw disassembling and assembling device 5 is arranged above the screw sorting device 4, a foreign matter removing device 6 is arranged at the front end of the screw disassembling and assembling device 5, the tail end of the screw disassembling and assembling device 5 is movably arranged in a second mounting bin 12 arranged at the front end of the rack 1, the tail end of the screw disassembling and assembling device 5 is also connected with a driving motor 13 through a motor shaft 13a, the driving motor 13 is connected with a switch 15 for controlling the opening and closing of a circuit through an electric wire 14, in the invention, the rack 1 can be set to be L-shaped and comprises a horizontal section a and a vertical section b, the second mounting bin 12 is arranged on the horizontal section a, the second mounting bin 12 is set to be cylindrical, the diameter d of the second mounting bin 12 can be set to be 5-15 cm, in the device, the driving motor 13, the switch 15 and the electric wire 14 for utilizing an external power supply form a closed loop in series connection, the switch 15 is arranged on the vertical section b, the two fixing grooves 16 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the rack, and the spherical centers of the two fixing grooves 16 are positioned on the same horizontal plane.

Specifically, the fixing device 3 includes a fixing column 31 fixedly connected with the shaft sleeve 22, a rotating ring 32 is movably mounted at the upper end of the fixing column 31, an elastic member 33 is fixedly mounted at one side of the rotating ring 32, a positioning ball 34 mutually matched with the fixing groove 16 is arranged at the front end of the elastic member 33, in the device, the fixing column 31 is made of metal material, such as metal aluminum or alloy steel, the fixing column 31 is welded on the upper surface of the shaft sleeve 22, the diameter of the fixing column 31 is 80% -90% of the thickness of the shaft sleeve 22, the height of the fixing column 31 can be set to be 10-20 cm, an installation groove c of the rotating ring is arranged above the fixing column 31, the distance from the installation groove c to the upper surface of the fixing column 31 is 5-15 mm, the vertical height of the installation groove c is 45% -55% of the height of the fixing column 31, the, an elastic piece 33 is welded on the side face of the rotating ring 32, the elastic piece 33 can be a spring sheet or a spring, a positioning ball 34 is welded at the front end of the elastic piece 33, the positioning ball 34 is made of alloy steel, and the diameter of the positioning ball 34 is consistent with that of the fixing groove 16.

Specifically, the screw sorting device 4 comprises a sorting box 41 fixedly installed in the first installation bin 23, one side of the sorting box 41 is provided with an inclined surface 41a, the tail end of the inclined surface 41a is provided with an inner cavity 42, the bottom of the inner cavity 42 is provided with a bottom plate 44 with a plurality of through holes 43, a foreign matter bearing drawer 45 is installed below the bottom plate 44, the foreign matter bearing drawer 45 is installed in a sliding rail 47 below the sorting box 41 through sliding rods 46 arranged at two sides of the foreign matter bearing drawer 45, a detachable sieve plate drawer device 48 is also installed above the bottom plate 44, the bottom plate 44 in the device is welded on the bottom surface of the inner cavity 42, the thickness of the bottom plate 44 is set to be 3-5 cm, the diameter of the through hole 43 can be set to be 1-3 cm, the sliding rail 47 is arranged right below the bottom plate 44, the height of the sliding rail 47 can be set to be 3-5 cm, the sliding rods 46 are, the sliding of the foreign matter bearing drawer 45 is facilitated, and in addition, the screw sorting device 4 can be made of plastic materials or light materials, so that the weight of the device is reduced, and the device is convenient to take and use.

Further, the sieve plate drawer device 48 comprises a first sieve plate drawer a, the first sieve plate drawer a comprises a first sieve plate a1, a first partition plate a2 is arranged at the front end of the first sieve plate a1, a first handle A3 is installed at one side of the first partition plate a2, a plurality of first sieve holes a4 are further formed in the first sieve plate a1, a second sieve plate drawer B is arranged below the first sieve plate drawer a1, the second sieve plate drawer B comprises a second sieve plate B1, a second partition plate B2 is installed at the front end of the second sieve plate B1, a second handle B3 is installed at one side of the second partition plate B2, a plurality of second sieve holes B4 are further formed in the second sieve plate B1, in the device, the thicknesses of the first sieve plate a1 and the second sieve plate B1 can be set to be 5-15 mm, the installation modes of the first sieve plate a1, the second sieve plate B1 and the sorting box 41 are movably connected in a sliding rail mode, and the distance between two adjacent sieve plates can be set to be 25-35, in addition, the diameter of the first sieve hole A4 can be set to be 5-10 cm, and the diameter of the second sieve hole B4 can be set to be 3-5 cm.

Furthermore, the screw dismounting device 5 includes a rotating shaft 51 disposed above the first sieve plate a1, the rotating shaft 51 is provided with a third installation bin 51a, a spring 52 is disposed in the third installation bin 51a, the rotating shaft 51 in the device is installed in the second installation bin 12, and the rotating shaft 51 is connected to the rack 1 through a bearing, a diameter D1 of the third installation bin 51a is set to be 85% -95% of a diameter D of the second installation bin 12, one end of the spring 52 is fixedly installed at one side of the inner cavity 51a, the installation mode adopts a welding mode, the front end of the spring 52 is provided with a screw dismounting component D, the upper end of the screw dismounting component D is provided with a straight notch 53, the front end of the straight notch 53 is provided with a limiting hole 54, and a limiting device X is disposed in the limiting hole 54.

Still further, the screw disassembling component D includes a turntable D1 fixedly connected with the spring 52, a screw disassembling rod D2 is provided at the front end of the turntable D1, a wedge-shaped head D3 is provided at the front end of the screw disassembling rod D2, in the device, the diameter of the turntable D1 is kept consistent with the diameter D1 of the third mounting bin 51a, one end of the turntable D1 is welded to one end of the spring 52, the other end of the turntable D1 is fixedly provided with a screw disassembling rod D2, the screw disassembling rod D2 and the turntable D1 are fixedly connected by welding or screwing, a straight notch 53 is provided at the upper end of the screw disassembling rod D2, the length of the straight notch 53 can be set to 10-20 cm, the width of the straight notch 53 can be set to 5-8 cm, the axial length s1 of the limiting hole 54 at the front end of the straight notch 53 is set to 3-5 cm, the extending length s2 of the limiting hole 24 to the screw disassembling rod a2 is set to 30-20D 1% of the diameter of the third mounting bin 51a, in addition, the wedge head D3 in the device is made of magnetic material.

Furthermore, the limiting device X comprises a sliding rod X1 connected with a screw dismounting rod D2, a fixing plate X2 is arranged at the upper end of the sliding rod X1, a plurality of elastic pieces X3 are arranged at the lower end of the fixing plate X2, a sliding block X4 matched with the limiting hole 54 is fixedly installed at the front end of each elastic piece X3, the diameter of the sliding rod X1 in the device is 2-3 mm smaller than the width of the straight notch 53, the fixing plate X2 is welded at the upper end of the sliding rod X1, the elastic piece X3 is welded at the lower end face of the fixing plate X2, the elastic piece X3 can be a spring or a spring, the lower end of the elastic piece sliding block X3 is welded on the X4, the sliding block X4 and the horizontal width are consistent with the axial length s1 of the limiting hole 54, and the thickness of the sliding block X4.

Further, the foreign matter removing device 6 comprises a horizontal rod 61 fixedly connected with a sliding rod X1, a vertical rod 62 is arranged at the front end of the horizontal rod 61, a hollow sealed telescopic bin 63 is connected to the front end of the vertical rod 62, a plurality of air outlet holes 63a are formed in the inner circular surface of the telescopic bin 63, a straight tube section 64 is further arranged in the middle section of the telescopic bin 63, and air flow branching devices 65 which are consistent in structure and symmetrically distributed are arranged below the straight tube section 64, the horizontal rod 61 and the vertical rod 62 in the invention are made of metal or non-metal materials such as alloy or hard rubber, the telescopic bin 63 is made of rubber hoses with good sealing performance, the front end of the telescopic bin 63 is made of hard plates which are fixedly connected with the vertical rod 62, the connecting mode can be a bonding mode, the telescopic bin 63 can be arranged to be circular arc-shaped, the diameters of the air outlet holes 63a can be arranged to be 3-5 mm, and the distance between two adjacent, the straight pipe section 64 is arranged in the middle of the telescopic bin 63, the horizontal length s3 of the straight pipe section 64 is 5-10 cm, and the airflow branching device 65 is welded on the whole lower portion of the straight pipe section 64.

Further, airflow branching device 65 includes bleeder 66, bleeder 66 lower extreme is equipped with shower nozzle 67, be equipped with a plurality of gas transmission mouths 68 on the shower nozzle 67, the external diameter of bleeder 66 sets up 50% ~ 60% of the horizontal length s3 of straight tube section 64 in this device, the thickness of bleeder sets up to 3 ~ 8mm, bleeder 66 welds shower nozzle 67 under, shower nozzle 67 sets up to the circular cone, and it has a plurality of gas transmission mouths 68 to open on the circular arc surface of circular cone, and the central axis and the circular arc surface mutually perpendicular of gas transmission mouth 68, make the airflow flow different.

The working principle is as follows: pressing the positioning ball 34, removing the positioning ball 34 from the fixing groove 16, rotating the shaft sleeve 22, rotating the screw sorting device 4 to a position right below the screw disassembling device 5, releasing the positioning ball 34, positioning the positioning ball 34 in the fixing groove 16 on the other side, installing the sliding block X4 in the limiting hole 54, fixing the sliding block X4 in the limiting hole 54 under the action of elastic force of the elastic element X3, positioning the wedge-shaped head D3 in the cross-shaped groove of the screw, pressing the switch 15 to drive the motor 13, enabling the motor 13 to drive the rotating shaft 51 to rotate and enable the screw to loosen, because the wedge-shaped head D3 is magnetic, sucking the screw, pressing the switch 15 to close the motor 13, enabling the wedge-shaped head D3 to stop rotating, manually lifting the sliding block X4, enabling the screw disassembling rod D2 to rebound under the action of restoring force of the spring 52, and enabling the sliding rod X1 to impact one side of the straight notch 53 during rebound, the screws fall under the action of impact force and gravity, the screws fall on the inclined surface 41a and fall on the first sieve plate A1, because the screw sorting device 4 is fixedly arranged on the vibration transmission device 2, when the motor 13 is started again, the vibration generated in the screw disassembling process is transmitted to the first sieve plate A1, the second sieve plate A2 and the bottom plate 44 through the elastic ring 21, because the diameters of the first sieve hole A4 and the second sieve hole B4 are different from the diameter of the through hole 43, the screws with different sizes can be separated according to different apertures, meanwhile, when the screw disassembling rod D2 rebounds under the restoring force of the spring 52, the telescopic bin 33 shrinks under the action of the horizontal rod 61 and the vertical rod 62 which are fixedly arranged on the sliding rod X1, the air flow acts on the screw disassembling rod D2 through the air outlet 63a, foreign matters on the screw disassembling rod D2 are removed, and meanwhile, the air flow passes through the branch pipe 66, then acts on the sieve plate through the air transmission port 68 on the shower nozzle 67, brings foreign matters into the foreign matter bearing drawer 45, when the screw needs to be installed again, presses the positioning ball 34, removes the positioning ball 34 from the fixing groove 16, rotates the shaft sleeve 22, rotates the screw sorting device 4 by 180 degrees, releases the positioning ball 34, positions the positioning ball 34 in the fixing groove 16 on the other side, fixes the screw sorting device 4, pulls out the sieve plate drawer device 48, facilitates taking out the screw, takes out the screw, presses on the wedge-shaped head D3, presses the switch 15, and nails the screw at a designated position.

The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Although the present disclosure largely uses the frame 1, the position-limiting plate 11, the second installation bin 12, the motor shaft 13a, the driving motor 13, the electric wire 14, the switch 15, the fixing groove 16, the vibration transmission device 2, the elastic ring 21, the shaft sleeve 22, the first installation bin 23, the fixing device 3, the fixing column 31, the rotating ring 32, the elastic member 33, the positioning ball 34, the screw sorting device 4, the sorting box 41, the inclined surface 41a, the inner cavity 42, the through hole 43, the bottom plate 44, the foreign matter accommodating drawer 45, the sliding rod 46, the sliding rail 47, the sieve drawer device 48, the first sieve drawer a1, the first partition a2, the first handle A3, the first sieve tray a4, the second sieve tray B1, the second partition B2, the second handle B3, the second sieve tray B4, the screw mounting and dismounting device 5, the rotating shaft 51, the third installation bin 51a, the spring 52, the screw dismounting assembly D, the straight notch 53, The terms of the limiting hole 54, the limiting device X, the rotating disc D1, the screw disassembling rod D2, the wedge-shaped head D3, the sliding rod X1, the fixing plate X2, the elastic piece X3, the sliding block X4, the foreign matter removing device 6, the horizontal rod 61, the vertical rod 62, the telescopic bin 63, the air outlet hole 63a, the straight pipe section 64, the air flow branching device 65, the branch pipe 66, the shower head 67, the air delivery port 68 and the like do not exclude the possibility of using other terms. These terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention and they are to be interpreted as any additional limitation which is not in accordance with the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a screw dismouting equipment, includes frame (1), its characterized in that: the lower end of the rack (1) is provided with a limiting plate (11), a vibration transfer device (2) is arranged above the limiting plate (11), the vibration transfer device (2) comprises an elastic ring (21), the center of the elastic ring (21) is provided with an axle sleeve (22), the axle sleeve (22) is provided with a fixing device (3), one side of the elastic ring (21) is further provided with a first mounting bin (23), the first mounting bin (23) is internally and fixedly provided with a screw sorting device (4), a screw disassembling and assembling device (5) is arranged above the screw sorting device (4), the front end of the screw disassembling and assembling device (5) is provided with a foreign body removing device (6), the tail end of the screw disassembling and assembling device (5) is movably arranged in a second mounting bin (12) arranged at the front end of the rack (1), and the tail end of the screw disassembling and assembling device (5) is further connected with a driving motor (13) through a motor shaft (13 a), the driving motor (13) is connected with a switch (15) for controlling the on-off of the circuit through an electric wire (14), and fixing grooves (16) matched with the fixing device (3) are symmetrically formed in two sides of the switch (15); the screw sorting device (4) comprises a sorting box (41) fixedly installed in the first installation bin (23), an inclined surface (41 a) is arranged on one side of the sorting box (41), an inner cavity (42) is formed in the tail end of the inclined surface (41 a), a bottom plate (44) with a plurality of through holes (43) is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity (42), a foreign matter bearing drawer (45) is installed below the bottom plate (44), the foreign matter bearing drawer (45) is installed in a sliding rail (47) below the sorting box (41) through sliding rods (46) arranged on two sides of the foreign matter bearing drawer (45), and a detachable sieve plate drawer device (48) is further installed above the bottom plate (44); the sieve plate drawer device (48) comprises a first sieve plate drawer (A), the first sieve plate drawer (A) comprises a first sieve plate (A1), a first partition plate (A2) is arranged at the front end of the first sieve plate (A1), a first handle (A3) is installed on one side of the first partition plate (A2), a plurality of first sieve holes (A4) are further formed in the first sieve plate (A1), a second sieve plate drawer (B) is arranged below the first sieve plate drawer (A), the second sieve plate drawer (B) comprises a second sieve plate (B1), a second partition plate (B2) is arranged at the front end of the second sieve plate (B1), a second handle (B3) is installed on one side of the second partition plate (B2), and a plurality of second sieve holes (B4) are further formed in the second sieve plate (B1); the screw disassembling and assembling device (5) comprises a rotating shaft (51) arranged above the first sieve plate (A1), the rotating shaft (51) is provided with a third mounting bin (51 a), a spring (52) is arranged in the third mounting bin (51 a), a screw disassembling component (D) is arranged at the front end of the spring (52), a straight notch (53) is arranged at the upper end of the screw disassembling component (D), a limiting hole (54) is arranged at the front end of the straight notch (53), and a limiting device (X) is arranged in the limiting hole (54); the screw disassembling component (D) comprises a rotary disc (D1) fixedly connected with the spring (52), the front end of the rotary disc (D1) is provided with a screw disassembling rod (D2), and the front end of the screw disassembling rod (D2) is provided with a wedge-shaped head (D3); stop device (X) include with screw detaching rod (D2) slide bar (X1) that link to each other, slide bar (X1) upper end be equipped with fixed plate (X2), fixed plate (X2) lower extreme be equipped with a plurality of elastic component (X3), elastic component (X3) front end fixed mounting with spacing hole (54) sliding block (X4) of mutually supporting.

2. A screw attaching and detaching device according to claim 1, wherein: the fixing device (3) comprises a fixing column (31) fixedly connected with the shaft sleeve (22), a rotating ring (32) is movably mounted at the upper end of the fixing column (31), an elastic part (33) is fixedly mounted on one side of the rotating ring (32), and a positioning ball (34) matched with the fixing groove (16) is arranged at the front end of the elastic part (33).

3. A screw attaching and detaching device according to claim 1, wherein: the foreign matter removing device (6) comprises a horizontal rod (61) fixedly connected with a sliding rod (X1), a vertical rod (62) is arranged at the front end of the horizontal rod (61), the front end of the vertical rod (62) is connected with a hollow sealed telescopic bin (63), a plurality of air outlet holes (63 a) are formed in the inner circular surface of the telescopic bin (63), a straight pipe section (64) is further arranged in the middle of the telescopic bin (63), and air flow branch devices (65) which are consistent in structure and symmetrically distributed are arranged below the straight pipe section (64).

4. A screw attaching and detaching device according to claim 3, wherein: the airflow branching device (65) comprises a branching pipe (66), a shower nozzle (67) is arranged at the lower end of the branching pipe (66), and a plurality of air conveying ports (68) are arranged on the shower nozzle (67).