CN111015542A - Alignment fixture and alignment method for installation state of complex shell - Google Patents
Alignment fixture and alignment method for installation state of complex shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN111015542A CN111015542A CN201911140134.2A CN201911140134A CN111015542A CN 111015542 A CN111015542 A CN 111015542A CN 201911140134 A CN201911140134 A CN 201911140134A CN 111015542 A CN111015542 A CN 111015542A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B11/00—Work holders not covered by any preceding group in the subclass, e.g. magnetic work holders, vacuum work holders
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of machining, and relates to an alignment fixture and an alignment method for a complex shell installation state, wherein the alignment fixture comprises a fixture body, a boss is arranged on the fixture body, and the upper surface of the boss is a positioning surface for placing a part to be aligned; an auxiliary positioning pin and a main positioning pin which are respectively vertical to the positioning surface are arranged on the positioning surface in parallel; the side wall of the boss is provided with an alignment hole; the distance between the alignment hole and the main positioning pin is constant; the lower surface of the clamp body is provided with a clamping blind rivet; the upper surface of the clamp body is provided with a pressing plate for fixing a part to be aligned. The invention provides an alignment fixture and an alignment method for a complex shell installation state, which have strong universality and excellent alignment speed and can improve the alignment accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining, relates to an alignment fixture and an alignment method, and particularly relates to an alignment fixture and an alignment method for a complex shell installation state.
Background
In the part alignment process, the existing part alignment method detects the part through an online measuring device, so that a zero center is obtained. The existing alignment mode is only performed on regular parts, but for shell parts with complex shapes and large structural anisotropy, alignment cannot be realized by centering or directly tabulating the shapes of the parts. The method for aligning the positioning pin cannot realize alignment due to the fact that the part is clamped well and the positioning pin is shielded by the part.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides an alignment fixture and an alignment method for a complex shell installation state, which have strong universality and excellent alignment speed and can improve the alignment accuracy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an alignment anchor clamps of complicated casing mounted state which characterized in that: the alignment fixture in the complex shell installation state comprises a fixture body, wherein a boss is arranged on the fixture body, and the upper surface of the boss is a positioning surface for placing a part to be aligned; an auxiliary positioning pin and a main positioning pin which are respectively vertical to the positioning surface are arranged on the positioning surface in parallel; an alignment hole is formed in the side wall of the boss; the distance between the alignment hole and the main positioning pin is constant; the lower surface of the clamp body is provided with a clamping blind rivet; the upper surface of the clamp body is provided with a pressing plate used for fixing a part to be aligned.
The pressing plate comprises a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate, and the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate are symmetrically arranged.
The alignment method of the alignment fixture based on the complex shell installation state is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting different alignment clamps according to the parts to be aligned;
2) aligning the positioning hole of the part to be aligned with the main positioning pin and the auxiliary positioning pin of the aligning fixture, placing the part to be aligned on the positioning surface and pressing the part to be aligned by the pressing plate; fixing the clamp body on a machine tool workbench through a clamping rivet;
3) detecting the alignment hole and the plane where the alignment hole is located through the side head to obtain a space coordinate value of the center of the alignment hole;
4) obtaining a central space coordinate value of the main positioning pin according to the space coordinate value of the center of the alignment hole and the space distance between the alignment hole and the main positioning pin;
5) and carrying out coordinate compensation on the central space coordinate value of the main positioning pin, and finishing alignment by the central space coordinate value of the main positioning pin after the coordinate compensation.
The specific implementation manner of the step 3) is as follows: and detecting the alignment hole and the plane where the alignment hole is located through the side head to obtain the spatial coordinate value (x, y, z) of the center of the alignment hole.
The space distance between the alignment hole and the main positioning pin is (a, b, c); the specific implementation manner of the step 4) is as follows: and obtaining the central space coordinate value (x + a, y + b, z + c) of the main positioning pin according to the space coordinate value (x, y, z) of the center of the alignment hole and the space distance (a, b, c) between the alignment hole and the main positioning pin.
The specific implementation manner of the step 5) is as follows:
5.1) determining the error gamma between the alignment fixture and the machine tool workbench;
5.2) determining the difference value (delta X, delta Y, delta Z) between the central space coordinate value (X + a, Y + b, Z + c) of the main positioning pin and the set standard value (X, Y, Z) of the machine tool;
5.3) comparing the difference values (delta x, delta y, delta z) obtained in the step 5.2) with the error gamma obtained in the step 5.1), if one of the absolute values of the difference values (delta x, delta y, delta z) is larger than the error gamma, giving the absolute value of the difference value to the corresponding central space coordinate values (x + a, y + b, z + c) of the main positioning pin, performing coordinate compensation, and completing alignment by the central space coordinate values of the main positioning pin after the coordinate compensation; and if the difference values (delta x, delta y and delta z) are not more than the error gamma, finishing alignment by the central space coordinate value of the main positioning pin obtained in the step 4).
The specific implementation manner of the step 5.1) is as follows:
5.1.1) determining that the clamping error between the part to be aligned and the aligning clamp is α, wherein the error α is guaranteed by the design and manufacture of the aligning clamp;
5.1.2) determining that the error of the coordinate system on the worktable of the machine tool is β;
5.1.3) determines the error between the alignment jig and the machine table is gamma, which is β - α, from the error β in step 5.1.2) and the error α in step 5.1.1).
In the step 5.2), Δ X ═ X + a-X; y + b-Y; Δ Z ═ Z + c-Z.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides an alignment fixture and an alignment method for a complex shell installation state, wherein the alignment fixture comprises a fixture body, a boss is arranged on the fixture body, and the upper surface of the boss is a positioning surface for placing a part to be aligned; an auxiliary positioning pin and a main positioning pin which are respectively vertical to the positioning surface are arranged on the positioning surface in parallel; the side wall of the boss is provided with an alignment hole; the distance between the alignment hole and the main positioning pin is constant; the lower surface of the clamp body is provided with a clamping blind rivet; the upper surface of the clamp body is provided with a pressing plate for fixing a part to be aligned. The invention provides an alignment method for shell parts with complex shapes and various structures, which can overcome the defects that the existing alignment technology only aims at the alignment of regular parts, overcomes the limitation of the existing alignment technology on parts with complex shapes, and solves the problem that positioning pins cannot be directly aligned when being shielded. The method indirectly aligns the parts through the detection clamp, is suitable for aligning the parts with different structures, and has certain universality. Compared with a manual alignment method, the method shortens the time by 7 times, improves the alignment speed, eliminates human errors, improves the alignment accuracy, reduces the labor cost, and achieves the purpose of aligning the shell parts with complex shapes and various structures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an alignment jig for a complex housing installation state provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic rear view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the right side view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the alignment jig for complex housing installation provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an alignment method provided by the present invention;
wherein:
1-positioning surface; 2-auxiliary positioning pin; 3-main positioning pin; 4-aligning the hole; 5, clamping the blind rivet; 6-pressing a plate; 7-the clamp body.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the invention provides an alignment fixture in a complex shell installation state, which comprises a fixture body 7, wherein a boss is arranged on the fixture body 7, and the upper surface of the boss is a positioning surface 1 for placing a part to be aligned; an auxiliary positioning pin 2 and a main positioning pin 3 which are respectively vertical to the positioning surface 1 are arranged on the positioning surface 1 in parallel; the side wall of the boss is provided with an alignment hole 4; the distance between the alignment hole 4 and the main positioning pin 3 is constant; the lower surface of the clamp body 7 is provided with a clamping blind rivet 5; the upper surface of the clamp body 7 is provided with a pressing plate 6 for fixing a part to be aligned.
The pressing plate 6 comprises a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate, and the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate are symmetrically arranged.
Referring to fig. 5, the present invention provides an alignment method of an alignment jig based on the previously complicated housing installation state, the method including the steps of:
1) selecting different alignment clamps according to the parts to be aligned;
2) aligning the positioning hole of the part to be aligned with the main positioning pin 3 and the auxiliary positioning pin 2 of the aligning fixture, placing the part to be aligned on the positioning surface 1 and pressing the part to be aligned through the pressing plate 6; fixing the clamp body 7 on the machine tool table by clamping the blind rivet 5, see fig. 4;
3) detecting the alignment hole 4 and the plane where the alignment hole 4 is located through the side head to obtain a space coordinate value (x, y, z) of the center of the alignment hole 4;
4) obtaining a central space coordinate value (x + a, y + b, z + c) of the main positioning pin 3 according to the space coordinate value (x, y, z) of the center of the alignment hole 4 and the space distance (a, b, c) between the alignment hole 4 and the main positioning pin 3;
5) coordinate compensation is carried out on the central space coordinate value of the main positioning pin 3, and alignment is completed by the central space coordinate value of the main positioning pin 3 after coordinate compensation, which specifically comprises the following steps:
5.1) determining the error gamma between the alignment fixture and the machine tool workbench;
5.2) determining the difference (Deltax, Deltay, Deltaz) between the central space coordinate value (X + a, Y + b, Z + c) of the main locating pin 3 and the set standard value (X, Y, Z) of the machine tool;
5.3) comparing the difference values (delta x, delta y, delta z) obtained in the step 5.2) with the error gamma obtained in the step 5.1), if one of the absolute values of the difference values (delta x, delta y, delta z) is larger than the error gamma, giving the difference value to the corresponding central space coordinate values (x + a, y + b, z + c) of the main positioning pin 3 for coordinate compensation, and completing alignment by the central space coordinate values of the main positioning pin 3 after coordinate compensation; and if the absolute values of the differences (delta x, delta y and delta z) are not more than the error gamma, finishing alignment by the central space coordinate value of the main positioning pin 3 obtained in the step 4.
Wherein: the specific implementation manner of the step 5.1) is as follows:
5.1.1) determining that the clamping error between the part to be aligned and the aligning clamp is α, wherein the error α is guaranteed by the design and manufacture of the aligning clamp;
5.1.2) determining that the error of the coordinate system on the worktable of the machine tool is β;
5.1.3) determines from the error β in step 5.1.2) and the error α in step 5.1.1) that the error between the alignment jig and the machine table is γ, which is β - α.
In step 5.2), Δ X ═ X + a-X; y + b-Y; Δ Z ═ Z + c-Z.
Example (b):
the alignment method provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
A. the design of the clamp, different shells, positioning pins and the position of the pressing point are different.
a. Aiming at a complex shell, designing a clamp, clamping and positioning the shell in a mode of a positioning surface (1) and two positioning pins (2), and setting the position size (67, 88) between the two positioning pins according to the distance between part positioning holes;
b. one of the two positioning pins is selected as a main positioning pin (3), an alignment hole (4) is designed on the side edge of the clamp body, and the distances (130, 10 and 120) between the alignment hole and the main positioning pin are unchanged in absolute size;
c. the bottom of the clamp is provided with a clamping blind rivet (5), and the size of the blind rivet manufacturing position is matched with the position of a base hole of the workbench;
B. clamping part
A fixed base is arranged on a machine tool workbench, clamping blind rivets of the clamp are arranged in base holes for fixation, then part positioning holes are aligned with clamp positioning pins and arranged on the clamp, and a pressing plate is used for pressing (6);
C. programming
Designing an alignment program, wherein the program design idea is carried out according to a flow chart;
D. running program
a. The machine tool runs an alignment program, the measuring head respectively and sequentially detects the alignment hole and the plane where the hole is located, space coordinate values (30, 40 and 50) of the center of the alignment hole are obtained, and the coordinate values are assigned:
f(x)＝30，f(y)＝40，f(z)＝50
b. and assigning a space distance (130, 10, 120) between the alignment hole and the main positioning pin, wherein (130, 10, 120) is a constant value and is ensured by the design of the clamp. Re-assigning the value of the last step to the spatial distance (130, 10, 120) by macro program instructions:
F(x)＝f(x)+a＝30+130＝160，F(y)＝f(y)+b＝40+10＝50，F(z)＝f(z)+c＝50+120＝170
converting the coordinate system center from the alignment hole center position to the main positioning pin center position to obtain a main positioning pin center spatial coordinate value (160, 50, 170);
c. the clamping error between the part and the clamp is 0.001 (guaranteed by the design and manufacture of the clamp), and the error of the aligned coordinate system needs to be guaranteed within 0.03, so that the limit value of the error between the clamp and the base is set to be 0.03-0.001-0.029;
d. comparing the main positioning pin coordinate values (160, 50, 170) with machine tool set standard values (159.98, 49.99, 170.05):
Δx＝F(x)-X＝160-159.98＝0.02
Δy＝F(y)-Y＝50-49.99＝0.01
Δz＝F(z)-Z＝170-170.05＝-0.05
the difference Δ x ═ 0.02, Δ y ═ 0.01, and Δ z ═ 0.05 were obtained. The absolute value of Δ z is greater than the limit γ of 0.029, and the absolute value of this difference is assigned to f (z):
F(z)＝F(z)+Δz＝170+0.05＝170.05
and (4) completing coordinate compensation alignment, and obtaining new space coordinates (160, 50, 170.05) in the final positioning pin.
The method provided by the invention is applied to seven complex shell parts on a national 04 special production line, replaces manual alignment, and lays a foundation for realizing the operation of the production line.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an alignment anchor clamps of complicated casing mounted state which characterized in that: the aligning clamp in the complex shell installation state comprises a clamp body (7), wherein a boss is arranged on the clamp body (7), and the upper surface of the boss is a positioning surface (1) for placing a part to be aligned; an auxiliary positioning pin (2) and a main positioning pin (3) which are respectively vertical to the positioning surface (1) are arranged on the positioning surface (1) in parallel; an alignment hole (4) is formed in the side wall of the boss; the distance between the alignment hole (4) and the main positioning pin (3) is constant; the lower surface of the clamp body (7) is provided with a clamping blind rivet (5); and a pressing plate (6) used for fixing a part to be aligned is arranged on the upper surface of the clamp body (7).
2. The complex housing installation state aligning jig according to claim 1, wherein: the pressing plate (6) comprises a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate, and the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate are symmetrically arranged.
3. An alignment method of an alignment jig based on the installation state of a complex housing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting different alignment clamps according to the parts to be aligned;
2) aligning the positioning hole of the part to be aligned with the main positioning pin (3) and the auxiliary positioning pin (2) of the aligning fixture, and placing the part to be aligned on the positioning surface (1) and pressing the part to be aligned through the pressing plate (6); fixing the clamp body (7) on a machine tool workbench through a clamping rivet (5);
3) detecting the alignment hole (4) and the plane where the alignment hole (4) is located through the side head to obtain a space coordinate value of the center of the alignment hole (4);
4) obtaining a central space coordinate value of the main positioning pin (3) according to the space coordinate value of the center of the alignment hole (4) and the space distance between the alignment hole (4) and the main positioning pin (3);
5) and carrying out coordinate compensation on the central space coordinate value of the main positioning pin (3), and finishing alignment by the central space coordinate value of the main positioning pin (3) after coordinate compensation.
4. The alignment method as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the specific implementation manner of the step 3) is as follows: and detecting the alignment hole (4) and the plane where the alignment hole (4) is located through the side head to obtain the spatial coordinate values (x, y, z) of the center of the alignment hole (4).
5. The alignment method as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the spatial distance between the alignment hole (4) and the main positioning pin (3) is (a, b, c); the specific implementation manner of the step 4) is as follows: and obtaining the central space coordinate value (x + a, y + b, z + c) of the main positioning pin (3) according to the space coordinate value (x, y, z) of the center of the alignment hole (4) and the space distance (a, b, c) between the alignment hole (4) and the main positioning pin (3).
6. The alignment method as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the specific implementation manner of the step 5) is as follows:
5.1) determining the error gamma between the alignment fixture and the machine tool workbench;
5.2) determining the difference (Deltax ) between the central space coordinate value (X + a, Y + b, Z + c) of the main locating pin (3) and the machine tool set standard value (X, Y, Z);
5.3) comparing the difference values (delta x, delta y, delta z) obtained in the step 5.2) with the error gamma obtained in the step 5.1), if one of the absolute values of the difference values (delta x, delta y, delta z) is larger than the error gamma, giving the absolute value of the difference value to the corresponding central space coordinate value (x + a, y + b, z + c) of the main positioning pin (3), performing coordinate compensation, and completing alignment by the central space coordinate value of the main positioning pin (3) after coordinate compensation; and if the absolute values of the differences (delta x, delta y and delta z) are not more than the error gamma, finishing alignment by the central space coordinate value of the main positioning pin (3) obtained in the step 4).
7. The alignment method as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the specific implementation manner of the step 5.1) is as follows:
5.1.1) determining that the clamping error between the part to be aligned and the aligning clamp is α, wherein the error α is guaranteed by the design and manufacture of the aligning clamp;
5.1.2) determining that the error of the coordinate system on the worktable of the machine tool is β;
5.1.3) determines the error between the alignment jig and the machine table is gamma, which is β - α, from the error β in step 5.1.2) and the error α in step 5.1.1).
8. The alignment method as set forth in claim 7, wherein: in said step 5.2), Δ X ═ X + a-X; y + b-Y; Δ Z ═ Z + c-Z.
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| CN201911140134.2A CN111015542B (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Alignment fixture and alignment method for installation state of complex shell |
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