CN111015088A - Processing method of high-precision deep-hole step shaft part - Google Patents
Processing method of high-precision deep-hole step shaft part Download PDFInfo
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- CN111015088A CN111015088A CN201911158662.0A CN201911158662A CN111015088A CN 111015088 A CN111015088 A CN 111015088A CN 201911158662 A CN201911158662 A CN 201911158662A CN 111015088 A CN111015088 A CN 111015088A
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- threaded plug
- hole
- shaft part
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- excircle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of machining, and relates to a method for machining a high-precision deep-hole step shaft part, which comprises the following steps: 1) finish turning all parts to meet the technical requirements, and turning internal threads at orifices at two ends of the parts; 2) manufacturing a threaded plug; 3) carrying out heat treatment on the part; 4) an elastic washer and a threaded plug are arranged at the end part of the part, and the same excircle of the part is clamped to process center holes of the threaded plugs at two ends; after the threaded plug and the elastic washer are disassembled, carrying out artificial aging treatment on the part; 5) the assembled threaded plug and the elastic washer ensure firm connection, the same excircle of the clamping part is polished to polish central holes at two ends, each excircle is finely ground to meet the technical requirements, and after the threaded plug and the elastic washer are disassembled, the inner hole of the part is machined to meet the requirements of drawings. The invention provides a processing method of a high-precision deep-hole step shaft part, which can improve the finish machining quality of the excircle of the shaft part and improve the overall processing quality and efficiency of the part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining, relates to a method for machining shaft parts, and particularly relates to a method for machining high-precision deep-hole step shaft parts.
Background
The deep hole stepped shaft is a common shaft part structure, and various high-precision parts (as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2) derived based on the structure are widely applied to parts of various industrial products. The hollow structure of the part causes the rigidity of the part to be insufficient, so that the part is easy to bend under the action of the radial grinding force of the external grinding wheel, and the vibration of the part is aggravated to influence the processing quality of the part due to the larger centrifugal action of a rotor; the 'one-end sinking' structure not only can affect the excircle precision of the 'big end' of the part due to different centrifugal forces and linear velocities of excircles with different diameters, but also can affect the excircle precision of other smaller diameters.
The holes and the excircle of the parts often have high size and shape and position precision, and the excircle of the parts not only serves as a working part of the parts, but also serves as a reference for processing the inner hole. In consideration of the unfavorable structural factors of the parts, the machining of the parts is generally carried out for at least more than 2 external grinding processes. Because high-precision deep hole machining is very difficult, the excircle machining of the high-precision deep hole generally adopts 60-degree taper holes of two end orifices as a reference. When the reference is used for accurately grinding a part, the precision of the relative position of two holes is often insufficient due to insufficient manufacturing precision of the taper hole and incapability of correcting deformation after heat treatment through repairing and grinding, and poor contact with an outer grinding tip is caused due to poor taper and roundness of the taper hole, so that the error of the cylindricity and the jumping precision of the excircle of the part is caused. In addition, the 60-degree taper hole is selected as a reference, and an L-shaped deflector rod is generally required to be bonded on one end face of the part so that the machine tool can drive the part to rotate axially. The solidification of the glue needs at least 6 hours, and if the rough grinding process of the parts needs to be carried out before and after the heat treatment, the process of removing and sticking the deflector rod needs to be respectively carried out, which wastes time and labor.
The cylindricity error of the part is corrected by increasing allowance and then grinding, so that the grinding difficulty and the production cost are increased; the run-out (coaxiality) error cannot be repaired by grinding, and the part is directly scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the processing method of the high-precision deep-hole step shaft part, which can improve the finish machining quality of the excircle of the shaft part and improve the overall processing quality and efficiency of the part.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a processing method of a high-precision deep-hole step shaft part is characterized by comprising the following steps: the processing method of the high-precision deep-hole step shaft part comprises the following steps:
1) finish turning all parts to meet the technical requirements, and turning internal threads at orifices at two ends of the parts;
2) manufacturing a threaded plug according to the internal threads turned in the step 1);
3) carrying out heat treatment on the part, wherein the deformation of the part after the heat treatment is less than 0.1mm, and the hardness meets the requirement of a drawing;
4) installing an elastic washer at the end part of the part and the threaded plugs prepared in the step 2), clamping the same excircle of the part, processing center holes of the threaded plugs at two ends, grinding each excircle of the rough-ground part for 0.12-0.15mm, jumping less than 0.01mm, and cylindricity less than 0.01 mm; after the threaded plug and the elastic washer are disassembled, carrying out artificial aging treatment on the part;
5) the assembled threaded plug and the elastic washer ensure firm connection, the same excircle of the clamping part is polished to polish central holes at two ends, each excircle is finely ground to meet the technical requirements, and after the threaded plug and the elastic washer are disassembled, the inner hole of the part is machined to meet the requirements of drawings.
The length of the internal thread in the step 1) is not less than 5 times of the thread pitch, and the small diameter of the internal thread is not less than the aperture of the working inner hole of the part.
The specific implementation manner of manufacturing the threaded plug in the step 2) is as follows: and (3) matching and turning threads and other excircles according to the actual size of the internal threads in the step 1), quenching and tempering after finishing, and removing burrs on the surface of the threaded plug.
The material of the threaded plug is No. 45 steel, and the heat treatment hardness is HRC 35-38.
The elastic washer is a standard part conforming to GB 93-66/GB 92-58 or a workpiece made of 65Mn or 2Cr13 according to a standard structure.
The processing method of the high-precision deep-hole step shaft part further comprises a grinding processing procedure after the technical requirements of each excircle are accurately ground in the step 5), and after the grinding processing procedure is finished, the threaded plug and the elastic washer are detached, and then the inner hole of the processed part meets the drawing requirements.
In the steps 4 and 5), the threaded plug is detached by applying 80% of the pretightening force.
The thread form of the internal thread is a common thread form or other thread forms which are convenient for connection.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a processing method of a high-precision deep-hole step shaft part, which comprises the steps of finish turning all parts to meet the technical requirements, turning internal threads at orifices at two ends of the parts, manufacturing threaded plugs by the turned internal threads, and carrying out heat treatment on the parts, wherein the deformation of the parts after the heat treatment is less than 0.1mm, and the hardness meets the requirements of drawings; installing an elastic washer and a threaded plug at the end part of the part, clamping the same excircle of the part, processing center holes of the threaded plugs at two ends, and performing residual grinding on each excircle of the rough grinding part for 0.12-0.15mm, wherein the run-out is less than 0.01mm, and the cylindricity is less than 0.01 mm; after the threaded plug and the elastic washer are disassembled, carrying out artificial aging treatment on the part; the assembled threaded plug and the elastic washer ensure firm connection, the same excircle of the clamping part is polished to polish central holes at two ends, each excircle is finely ground to meet the technical requirements, and after the threaded plug and the elastic washer are disassembled, the inner hole of the part is machined to meet the requirements of drawings. The invention aims to solve the problem of poor external circle finish machining quality of high-precision deep-hole stepped shaft parts, and particularly provides a new external grinding reference selection idea and a corresponding part machining method when the form and position precision of a 60-degree taper hole cannot be improved by a common machining means, so that a plug and the parts are firmly connected, center holes at two ends obtain good form and position precision, the external circle finish machining quality of the parts is improved, the part machining quality and efficiency are improved, and the part manufacturing cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the spring washer is used for absorbing the capacity generated by the vibration of the part, so that the threaded connection is firm, the stress generated by the hard pressing of the end cap and the end face of the part is avoided, and the stress source of the part is simplified. The threaded plug is simple in structure, common in material and convenient to manufacture, and the spring washer is a standard component and is easy to obtain. The use of the threaded plug and the spring washer not only ensures the processing quality of parts, but also achieves the effect of low cost. After the heat treatment, the procedures of rough grinding, aging and accurate grinding are arranged, so that the abrasion of the central hole (especially the large-size outer circle end) caused by use is corrected in time, the residual heat treatment and processing stress of the part are released, and the part can more easily ensure and maintain the size and the form and position accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a deep hole step shaft part to be machined in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of another deep hole stepped shaft part to be machined in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a threaded plug employed in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of a spring washer used in the present invention;
fig. 5 is a side view schematic of the structure of fig. 4.
Detailed Description
Good external grinding reference is necessary guarantee for high-precision external circle machining, and roundness, taper and position degree of 60-degree taper holes in two ends of a part are often difficult to guarantee, so other reference forms must be considered when machining the external circle of the part. The smooth surface plug with the central hole is standard, so that the external grinding processing quality of the part can be improved, but the smooth surface plug is difficult to assemble and disassemble, the size change of the part is easy to cause, the smooth surface plug is not suitable for the part with the overlarge or undersize inner hole, and the inner hole of the part matched with the smooth surface plug needs to be round. Therefore, the smooth surface plug is not suitable for being used as an external grinding reference of a high-precision deep-hole step part. The new external grinding datum is to reserve a central hole so as to obtain good contact quality with the external grinding tip; but also avoid the connection mode of pressing the smooth surface. Therefore, the threaded plug with the central hole can be considered as an external grinding reference, the stress mode of the plug part of the part is changed by changing the connection mode of the plug and the part, the part deformation is reduced, the assembly and disassembly are convenient, the connection is firm, and the central hole is kept to be used as a high-precision external grinding reference to improve the excircle processing quality.
Based on the analysis and research, the invention provides a processing method of a high-precision deep-hole step shaft part, which comprises the following steps:
A. the finish turning of parts all meets the technical requirements, internal threads with the length not less than 5 times of the thread pitch are turned on orifices at two ends of the parts, the small diameter of the internal threads is required to be more than or equal to the diameter of a working inner hole, and the manufacturing process of the parts needs to consider methods such as machining and the like to ensure the manufacturing of the internal threads;
B. manufacturing a threaded plug (as shown in fig. 3): turning threads and other excircles (a central hole is not turned) according to the actual size of the internal threads of the part, quenching and tempering, and deburring;
C. carrying out heat treatment on the parts: quenching, tempering, sand blowing, aging, deformation less than 0.1mm and hardness according to a graph;
D. the threaded plug and the elastic washer (shown in figures 4 and 5) are assembled to ensure that the threaded plug and the elastic washer are firmly connected;
E. turning the same excircle of a clamping part by a lathe to process center holes of plugs at two ends;
F. grinding each excircle of the coarse grinding part by 0.12-0.15mm, jumping is less than 0.01mm, and cylindricity is less than 0.01 mm;
G. removing the threaded plug and the elastic washer;
H. carrying out artificial aging treatment on the part;
I. the assembled threaded plug and the elastic washer ensure firm connection;
J. a lathe holds the same excircle and throws and grinds the center holes at two ends;
K. accurately grinding each excircle to meet the technical requirements;
l, removing the threaded plug and the elastic washer;
m, machining an inner hole to achieve the drawing.
When the precision of the part exceeds the limit precision of the external grinding process, the grinding process can be supplemented after the step K; the internal thread of the part and the external thread of the plug can adopt common thread shapes or other thread shapes which are convenient to connect; the material of the threaded plug is preferably made of 45 steel, and the heat treatment hardness is HRC 35-38; when the part needs to be subjected to a lengthening removing process, a grinding process is required, a margin of 0.004-0.007mm is reserved in the K step, and a cutting end face chamfer is formed after an excircle is ground; the elastic gasket is preferably made of a standard part (GB 93-66/GB 92-58), and when the standard part is not available, the elastic gasket can be made of 65Mn or 2Cr13 according to a standard structure; when the threaded plug is detached, 80% of pretightening force is applied, and the slow principle is followed.
Claims (8)
1. A processing method of a high-precision deep-hole step shaft part is characterized by comprising the following steps: the processing method of the high-precision deep-hole step shaft part comprises the following steps:
1) finish turning all parts to meet the technical requirements, and turning internal threads at orifices at two ends of the parts;
2) manufacturing a threaded plug according to the internal threads turned in the step 1);
3) carrying out heat treatment on the part, wherein the deformation of the part after the heat treatment is less than 0.1mm, and the hardness meets the requirement of a drawing;
4) installing an elastic washer at the end part of the part and the threaded plugs prepared in the step 2), clamping the same excircle of the part, processing center holes of the threaded plugs at two ends, grinding each excircle of the rough-ground part for 0.12-0.15mm, jumping less than 0.01mm, and cylindricity less than 0.01 mm; after the threaded plug and the elastic washer are disassembled, carrying out artificial aging treatment on the part;
5) the assembled threaded plug and the elastic washer ensure firm connection, the same excircle of the clamping part is polished to polish central holes at two ends, each excircle is finely ground to meet the technical requirements, and after the threaded plug and the elastic washer are disassembled, the inner hole of the part is machined to meet the requirements of drawings.
2. The processing method of the high-precision deep-hole stepped shaft part according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the internal thread in the step 1) is not less than 5 times of the thread pitch, and the small diameter of the internal thread is not less than the aperture of the working inner hole of the part.
3. The processing method of the high-precision deep-hole stepped shaft part according to claim 2, characterized in that: the specific implementation mode for manufacturing the threaded plug in the step 2) is as follows: and (3) matching and turning threads and other excircles according to the actual size of the internal threads in the step 1), quenching and tempering after finishing, and removing burrs on the surface of the threaded plug.
4. The processing method of the high-precision deep-hole stepped shaft part according to claim 3, characterized in that: the material of the threaded plug is No. 45 steel, and the heat treatment hardness is HRC 35-38.
5. The processing method of the high-precision deep-hole stepped shaft part according to claim 4, characterized in that: the elastic gasket is a standard part conforming to GB 93-66/GB 92-58 or a workpiece made of 65Mn or 2Cr13 according to a standard structure.
6. The method for processing the high-precision deep-hole step shaft part according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: the processing method of the high-precision deep-hole step shaft part further comprises a grinding processing procedure after the technical requirements of each excircle are accurately ground in the step 5), and after the grinding processing procedure is finished, the threaded plug and the elastic washer are detached, and the inner hole of the processed part meets the drawing requirements.
7. The processing method of the high-precision deep-hole stepped shaft part according to claim 6, characterized in that: and in the steps 4 and 5), the threaded plug is detached by applying 80% of the pretightening force.
8. The processing method of the high-precision deep-hole stepped shaft part according to claim 7, characterized in that: the thread form of the internal thread is a common thread form or other thread forms which are convenient for connection.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911158662.0A CN111015088A (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2019-11-22 | Processing method of high-precision deep-hole step shaft part |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911158662.0A CN111015088A (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2019-11-22 | Processing method of high-precision deep-hole step shaft part |
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| CN111015088A true CN111015088A (en) | 2020-04-17 |
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| CN201911158662.0A Pending CN111015088A (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2019-11-22 | Processing method of high-precision deep-hole step shaft part |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112621111A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-04-09 | 中国航发西安动力控制科技有限公司 | Method for processing large-diameter conical core rod with hole |
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| CN104959629A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-07 | 安庆市吉安汽车零件锻轧有限公司 | Improvement method of shaft part machining technology |
| CN105479104A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-04-13 | 合肥工业大学 | Machining method of slender shaft made of17-4PH stainless steel material |
| CN105921955A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-09-07 | 山西平阳重工机械有限责任公司 | Machining method of high-precision step deep hole part |
| CN107598502A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十六研究所 | A kind of processing method of piston |
| CN108857268A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-23 | 昆山名威精密工业有限公司 | A kind of processing technology of high abrasion oil pressure mandril |
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2019
- 2019-11-22 CN CN201911158662.0A patent/CN111015088A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104959629A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-07 | 安庆市吉安汽车零件锻轧有限公司 | Improvement method of shaft part machining technology |
| CN105479104A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-04-13 | 合肥工业大学 | Machining method of slender shaft made of17-4PH stainless steel material |
| CN105921955A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-09-07 | 山西平阳重工机械有限责任公司 | Machining method of high-precision step deep hole part |
| CN107598502A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十六研究所 | A kind of processing method of piston |
| CN108857268A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-23 | 昆山名威精密工业有限公司 | A kind of processing technology of high abrasion oil pressure mandril |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112621111A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-04-09 | 中国航发西安动力控制科技有限公司 | Method for processing large-diameter conical core rod with hole |
| CN112621111B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2023-09-01 | 中国航发西安动力控制科技有限公司 | Processing method of large-diameter conical core rod with holes |
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Application publication date: 20200417 |