Diameter-variable thin-walled tube drawing die capable of reducing friction
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal plastic drawing, in particular to a drawing die for processing a reducing section of a metal thin-walled tube, which is capable of reducing friction.
Background
The drawing process is a process for obtaining a product with a certain size and a certain cross-sectional shape after a bar or a pipe passes through a drawing die. For the drawing forming of the variable diameter section of the thin-wall metal pipe, due to the thin wall of the pipe, the material flow and friction are violent, and the large variable diameter and long transition section structure is easy to generate fracture, corrugation, surface defects and the like through the traditional drawing, and the processing is difficult. In addition, in hot drawing, the greater friction can make the workpiece adhere to the die to form welding points, and the quality of the formed surface of the pipe is reduced.
Chinese patent CN 103203381B discloses a drawing die, which comprises a die holder, a floating die arranged on the die holder, a forming die arranged on the floating die, and a lubricating device for lubricating a workpiece, wherein the workpiece moves along the drawing direction and sequentially passes through the lubricating device, the forming die and the floating die, the lubricating device comprises a lubricating seat arranged on the floating die and lubricating oil, the lubricating seat comprises a lubricating oil inlet channel, a lubricating oil outlet channel and a lubricating seat inner cavity which are communicated with each other, and the lubricating oil sequentially passes through the lubricating oil inlet channel, the lubricating seat inner cavity and the lubricating oil outlet channel. The lubricating oil liquid lubricates the workpiece after passing through the lubricating device, and an oil film is formed on the outer surface of the workpiece. Then the workpiece passes through the forming die in sequence, the floating die finishes the drawing process, and finally the formed workpiece is cleaned by the cleaning device. However, in the die, the lubricating device and the floating die can reduce the friction between the workpiece and the die, but when the floating die is used for drawing a thin-walled tube with a longer variable-diameter section, the coaxiality of the drawn tube has errors, and the surface quality is reduced to some extent. The length of the die forming die is short, so that the drawing forming of the thin-walled tube with the long variable diameter section cannot be completed, and if the length of the forming die is increased, the lubricating effect is further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the reducing thin-walled tube drawing die capable of reducing friction, and the drawing process is optimized by reducing the friction coefficient between a tube and the die, so that the forming defects of fracture, wrinkling and the like are prevented, and the efficient and high-precision manufacturing of the reducing thin-walled tube is realized.
Aiming at the problems of easy fracture, difficult one-time forming and low processing efficiency in the drawing forming of the large-diameter and long-transition-section thin-walled tube, the invention designs a drawing die with the inner diameter having the characteristics of a groove and a ball demolding mode, can realize the discontinuous contact of a workpiece and the drawing die and the storage of lubricating oil, can effectively reduce the friction area of the thin-walled tube and the die, and realize the sufficient lubrication of the workpiece and the die, thereby ensuring that the friction coefficient is smaller in the processing process, effectively reducing the phenomenon that the tube is fractured after passing through the die, and realizing the drawing processing of the long reducing section of the thin-walled metal tube.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a can reduce frictional reducing thin wall pipe drawing die utensil, its characterized in that, is equipped with the undergauge mould and the constant diameter mould in circular arc groove including the internal diameter, constant diameter mould install in the tubular product of undergauge mould draws motion direction one side undergauge mould exit end and constant diameter mould entry end be equipped with the ball cavity, place a plurality of balls in this ball cavity, when treating that processing tubular product passes through between undergauge mould and the constant diameter mould, because the frictional force of tubular product and ball, the ball can rotate in two mould ball cavities.
The reducing die is provided with a plurality of grooves along the drawing direction of the pipe, so that the pipe to be processed is not continuously attached to the reducing die, the grooves and the inner diameter of the reducing die are provided with chamfers, and the radius of the chamfers is 0.1-0.5 mm.
And one side of the reducing die is provided with a lubricating oil flow passage and an oil inlet, the lubricating oil flow passage is communicated with the tops of the plurality of grooves, and the plurality of lubricating oil flow passages are connected with the oil inlet on the outer surface of the reducing die.
The groove arranged in the reducing die is in a ring shape, a thread, a double thread or other structures, the cross section of the groove is in a semicircular shape, a square shape, an oval shape, a polygonal shape or other shapes, and the side length or diameter size of the cross section is 0.01-100 mm.
And balls in a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a convex cylindrical shape, a concave cylindrical shape or other shapes are placed in the grooves, so that the friction is reduced.
The ball cavity that reducing mould exit end and constant diameter mould entry end set up by the circular arc slot a that sets up at reducing mould exit end department to and the circular arc slot b that sets up at constant diameter mould entry terminal surface constitute, wherein circular arc slot b's radius is less than circular arc slot a's radius, circular arc slot a and circular arc slot b constitute the ball cavity that holds the ball jointly, pack a plurality of balls in this ball cavity, adjacent ball is tangent to constitute the ball circle, this ball circle internal diameter and the minimum external diameter phase-match of waiting to process tubular product.
The outlet end of the reducing die is also provided with a ball inlet hole which is connected with the arc groove a, and the inlet end of the reducing die has taper of 3-5 degrees.
The diameter of the ball is smaller than the aperture of the ball inlet hole and the radius of the arc groove a and smaller than or equal to the radius of the arc groove b, and the ball is spherical, convex cylindrical or other shapes, so that the ball can freely rotate in the cavity.
The reducing die and the constant-diameter die are connected through a plurality of positioning pins, and the axis of the reducing die, the axis of the constant-diameter die and the axis of a ball ring formed by a plurality of balls are overlapped.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the reducing die is provided with a plurality of grooves along the drawing direction of the pipe, so that the processed pipe is not continuously attached to the reducing die, the contact area between the deformed pipe and the die is reduced, and the friction between the pipe and the die is effectively reduced.
(2) The lubricating oil flow channel is communicated with the multiple grooves, the grooves and the pipe form cavities capable of storing lubricating oil in the drawing process, the lubricating condition is improved by matching balls in the grooves, the friction coefficient of the pipe and a die is further reduced, and in addition, the lubricating oil in the multiple grooves can be supplemented through the oil inlet, so that insufficient local lubrication is prevented.
(3) The chamfer angle of the groove and the inner diameter of the die can effectively prevent the pipe from being scratched in the drawing process, and the surface quality of the formed pipe is ensured. In addition, the chamfer increases the contact area of the pipe and lubricating oil, and can effectively reduce the friction between the pipe and the reducing die.
(4) The outlet end of the reducing die and the arc groove at the inlet end of the constant-diameter die are matched to form a ball cavity, the balls are tangent to form a ball ring, the balls roll freely in the drawing direction of the pipe to form transition contact of the pipe between the reducing die and the constant-diameter die, the contact is linear contact, the friction area is effectively reduced, the friction between the balls and the pipe is relative rolling friction, the friction coefficient is small, and the phenomenon that the pipe is broken due to overlarge friction after passing through the reducing die can be effectively prevented.
(5) The constant-diameter die and the reducing die are connected through the positioning pins, so that the axis of the reducing die and the axis of the constant-diameter die are overlapped, the pipeline is prevented from being twisted after being drawn, and the wall thickness of a finished product is ensured to be uniform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a drawing die for a long diameter-reduced thin-walled tube in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an outlet end circular groove and ball inlet opening of a reducing die according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of grooves, a lubricating oil flow passage and an oil inlet distributed along the drawing direction of a pipe in the reducing die.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the connection of the positioning pins of the diameter reducing die and the diameter constant die according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a ball race formed by a plurality of balls in a ball cavity formed by a reducing die and a constant diameter die.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the constant diameter die and the inlet end circular arc groove of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a drawing die for a long diameter-reduced thin-walled tube in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1:
the drawing die of the invention is used for reducing the diameter of a sheet pipe with the diameter of 6mm and the thickness of 0.3mm to 3mm, and the length of the reduced section is 25 mm.
As shown in figure 1, the variable-diameter thin-walled tube drawing die capable of reducing friction comprises a reducing die 1, a constant-diameter die 6 and a ball ring 5. A plurality of positioning pins 7 are arranged between the reducing die 1 and the constant-diameter die 6 for connection, so that the coaxiality of the two dies is ensured, the pipe is prevented from being distorted, and the wall thickness of a finished product is uniform.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2-3, a ball inlet hole 4 is provided at the outlet end of the pipe of the reducing die 1, and a plurality of semicircular annular grooves 2 with a radius of 1mm, a lubricating oil flow passage and an oil inlet 3 are formed on the inner surface of the reducing die 1. There is the fillet in annular groove 2 and 1 internal diameters of undergauge mould, and fillet radius is 0.5 mm.
As shown in fig. 4-5, the ball cavity disposed at the outlet end of the reducing die 1 and the inlet end of the constant diameter die 6 is composed of an arc groove a8 disposed at the outlet end of the reducing die 1 and an arc groove b9 disposed at the inlet end of the constant diameter die 6, wherein the radius of the arc groove b9 is smaller than the radius of the arc groove a8, the arc groove a8 and the arc groove b9 together form the ball cavity for accommodating the balls 5, the ball cavity is filled with a plurality of balls 5, adjacent balls 5 are tangent to form a ball ring, and the inner diameter of the ball ring matches with the minimum outer diameter of the pipe to be processed. The ball inlet hole 4 is connected with the arc groove a, and the inlet end of the reducing die 1 has taper of 3-5 degrees. The diameter of the ball 5 is smaller than the aperture of the ball inlet hole 4 and the radius of the arc groove a and smaller than or equal to the radius of the arc groove b, and the ball 5 is spherical and can rotate freely in the cavity.
The axial line of the reducing die 1, the axial line of the constant diameter die 6 and the axial line of a ball ring formed by a plurality of balls are superposed.
The method for processing the reducing thin-walled tube by adopting the drawing die comprises the following steps:
1. the thin-wall thin pipe can be stretched into two dies after being processed by a twisting process and prepared before being drawn. At this time, a plurality of spherical balls 5 having a diameter of 1mm are inserted from the ball inlet hole 4 at the outlet end of the pipe of the reducing die 1.
2. And pouring a proper amount of lubricating oil from an oil inlet 3 on the outer surface of the reducing die 1, wherein the lubricating oil enters the annular groove 2 after passing through the lubricating oil flow passage to fully lubricate the outer surface of the processed pipe.
3. The method is characterized in that axial displacement is applied to a pipe at the outlet end of a constant-diameter die 6, the thin-wall pipe is drawn, the pipe deforms due to the restraint of a reducing die 1 and the constant-diameter die 6, and in the drawing process, balls 5 freely rotate in a ball cavity formed by a circumferential arc groove a8 with the radius of 0.5mm at the outlet end of the reducing die 1 and a circumferential arc groove b9 with the radius of 1mm at the inlet end face of the constant-diameter die 6, as shown in figures 4 and 6, a plurality of spherical balls with the diameter of 1mm form a ball ring 5 as shown in figure 5 along the circumferential direction of the pipe in the drawing process, the inner diameter of the ball ring 5 is tangent to the outer diameter of the pipe, namely the inner diameter of the ball ring 5 is 3mm at the smaller end of the required reducing pipe.
At the moment, the ball ring 5 plays a role in restraining the appearance of the pipe between the reducing die 1 and the transition section of the constant-diameter die 6 to form a partial die, the ball ring 5 is in rolling line contact with the thin-wall pipe subjected to drawing deformation, the contact area is small, the friction coefficient is low, and the phenomena of instability and fracture of the pipe with the long reducing section after the pipe is subjected to die stripping are avoided.
4. In the drawing process, the lubricating oil flows in each annular groove 2 along with the drawing motion of the pipe or is taken out of the die along with the movement of the pipe, so that the pipe and the reducing die 1 are fully lubricated, friction is effectively reduced, lubricating liquid needs to be supplemented in time in the drawing process, partial insufficient friction is avoided, and the friction is further reduced.
Because the multiple annular grooves 2 of the internal diameter of the reducing mold 1 are discontinuous in contact with the reducing mold 1, chamfers with the radius of 0.5mm are required to be arranged on two sides of each annular groove 2, the pipe is prevented from being scratched in the drawing process, the surface quality of a formed pipeline is further ensured, the chamfers also increase the contact area of the pipe and lubricating oil, the contact area of the pipe and the reducing mold 1 is reduced, and the fact that the friction resistance is smaller in the drawing process is ensured.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, a thin-walled tube with a diameter of 6mm and a thickness of 0.3mm is reduced to a diameter of 3mm by a drawing die, and the reduced section has a length of 25mm, and includes a reducing die 1, a constant diameter die 6 and a convex cylindrical ball ring 5.
In this embodiment, the thin-walled tube is treated by the twisting process and then is inserted into two dies, high-pressure lubricating gas is introduced from the oil inlet 3 on the outer surface of the reducing die 1, the high-pressure gas passes through the lubricating oil flow passage and then is stored in the circumferential groove 2, and the high-pressure gas exerts pressure on the tube in the circumferential direction.
The annular groove is internally provided with a spherical ball ring 10, and the diameter of a single ball is 1 mm. During the processes of liquid filling and drawing, the balls rotate in the grooves, and friction between the workpiece and the die can be reduced.
Convex cylindrical balls are placed in a ball cavity formed by the constant-diameter die 6 and the reducing die 1 to form a ball ring 5, and the minimum value of the inner diameter of the convex cylindrical ball ring 5 is the outer diameter of the smaller end of the drawing reducing pipeline.
In the embodiment, gas is filled in the discontinuous drawing section, so that the friction area between the drawn pipe and the reducing die 1 can be reduced, meanwhile, the high-pressure gas applies pressure to the pipe to finish reducing deformation, and the spherical ball ring 8 is additionally arranged in the groove, so that the high-precision drawing forming of the reducing section of the thin-walled pipe is ensured.
The convex column-shaped ball ring 5 restrains the appearance of the pipe in the groove cavities of the reducing die 1 and the constant-diameter die 6, the convex column is prevented from being scratched by a die-out pipeline, the surface quality of the drawing forming pipeline is improved, the convex column-shaped ball ring 5 is in rolling line contact with a workpiece, and the phenomena of instability and fracture of the long-diameter-variable pipe after die-out can be effectively avoided.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and may be embodied in many different forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims. Any modification which does not depart from the functional and structural principles of the present invention is intended to be included within the scope of the claims.