CN111013193B - 一种基于手性有机分子笼材料的毛细管气相色谱手性柱 - Google Patents
一种基于手性有机分子笼材料的毛细管气相色谱手性柱 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于手性有机分子笼材料的毛细管气相色谱手性柱,首先合成了一种手性有机分子笼材料,将其溶于挥发性有机溶剂配成溶液,再与聚硅氧烷溶液混合后作为固定相,采用静态制柱的方法制得毛细管气相色谱手性柱。制备的色谱柱对包括醇、二元醇、卤代烃、环氧化合物、酯、内酯、酮、醚、有机酸等在内的许多手性化合物均表现出优秀的手性拆分性能。本发明色谱柱应用于气相色谱拆分手性化合物,其具有制备方法简单、原材料价廉、稳定性好、可反复使用、手性拆分性能优越等显著特点,具备很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于毛细管气相色谱手性分离技术领域,具体涉及的是一种基于手性有机分子笼材料的毛细管气相色谱手性柱。所述的毛细管气相色谱手性柱应用于气相色谱拆分手性化合物。
背景技术
手性化合物尤其是手性药物的不同对映体将表现出不同的生物活性或药效作用。在通常情况下,外消旋体手性药物中往往只是一种对映体具有药效,其它的对映体没有药效,或具有相反的药效,甚至具有毒副作用。如广谱抑菌抗生素药物氯霉素中左旋对映体具有杀菌作用,而右旋对映体体是完全没有药效的;S-(-)-构型的巴比妥酸盐对映体具有抑制神经活动的作用,而R-(+)-构型的巴比妥酸盐对映体却具有使神经兴奋的作用。另外,手性现象在农药、食品添加剂、植物生长调节剂、香精和香料等领域也有体现。如杀虫剂Asana的四个对映异构体中只有一个对映异构体具有强力杀虫效果,而其他三个异构体则杀虫效果低,还对植物有毒副作用;又如柠檬油香料的S-构型对映体具有柠檬香味,但R-构型对映体却是橙子香味。因此,将手性化合物拆分为单一构型的对映体就显的极为重要。色谱法是一种有效的手性拆分方法,其主要包括气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、高效毛细管电泳法等。气相色谱法具有柱效高、灵敏度高、分析速度快等特点而被广泛用于手性化合物的拆分研究。色谱法用于手性拆分的关键是手性固定相的研究与开发。目前,以环糊精衍生物作为手性固定相制备的气相色谱柱应用最为广泛,但仍然有一些外消旋体在此类手性柱上得不到较好的拆分。另外,这类手性柱拆分一些对映异构体的出峰时间往往还偏长,最高使用温度一般都低于230℃,并且很多环糊精衍生物的制备过程较为复杂,其制备的气相色谱手性柱的价格也较为昂贵。因此开发研究手性选择性高、拆分范围广、稳定性好、合成简单、价格低廉的新型气相色谱手性固定相具有重要的意义。
多孔有机分子笼材料是一种新型的多孔材料,其合成方法简单,可由简单的合成模块通过一步化学反应制得。多孔有机分子笼材料与近些年研究较多的多孔材料(如金属-有机骨架材料,共价有机骨架材料,多孔有机聚合物等)不同,它是由形状稳固并且具有分子内部空腔的分立有机笼状分子通过弱的分子间作用力而不是强的化学键作用组装形成的多孔固体,因而其可溶于常见的一些有机溶剂,易于结构修饰、涂敷成膜等。另外,多孔有机分子笼材料的孔径及空腔体积大小也可通过合成模块进行调控,许多孔有机分子笼材料还具有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性。基于上述特点,多孔有机分子笼材料已被用于气体存储、分子识别、催化、传感等诸多研究领域,成为了近几年来多孔材料研究领域的热点之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种基于手性有机分子笼材料的毛细管气相色谱手性柱。本发明所述的毛细管气相色谱手性柱应用于气相色谱拆分手性化合物,表现出优秀的手性拆分性能,能拆分包括醇、胺、二元醇、卤代烃、环氧化合物、酯、内酯、酮、醚、有机酸等在内的许多手性化合物,与现有的商品β-DEX 120毛细管手性柱相比,具有显著的手性拆分优势。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现。
一种基于手性有机分子笼材料的毛细管气相色谱手性柱,以合成的一种手性有机分子笼材料溶于二氯甲烷作为固定相,将其与聚硅氧烷OV-1701混合后涂敷在粗糙化的毛细管内壁制备毛细管气相色谱柱。将制备的毛细管气相色谱柱用于气相色谱拆分手性化合物,该柱实现了对许多不同类型的手性化合物的拆分。
本发明包括如下具体步骤:
(1)手性有机分子笼材料的合成:以2-羟基-1,3,5-均苯三甲醛和(1R,2R)-1,2-二苯基-1,2-乙二胺为反应单体,二甲亚砜和水为溶剂,在摩尔比为2:3时通过一步[4+6]环缩合反应合成本发明用的手性有机分子笼材料。
(2)毛细管内壁的粗糙化处理:为使手性有机分子笼材料更好的涂敷在石英毛细管内壁,对石英毛细管内壁采用NaOH溶液进行粗糙化处理。
(3)基于手性有机分子笼材料的毛细管柱制备:取步骤(1)制备得到的手性有机分子笼材料溶于挥发性有机溶剂(如二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃等)配制成一定浓度的溶液,再将其与聚硅氧烷OV-1701溶液(溶剂与溶解手性有机分子笼材料的溶剂相同)一定体积混合,将这个混合液充入到步骤(2)处理好的石英毛细管柱内,采用静态制柱的方法制得所需的手性有机分子笼材料毛细管气相色谱柱。
(4)将制备的毛细管气相色谱柱用于气相色谱分离系统,以氮气为载气,在程序升温条件下进行老化处理(升温程序:30℃下保持5min,再以2℃/min的升温速率升温至220℃,并在220℃下保持3h),待基线平稳后,在合适的分离色谱条件下,实现了对许多种不同类型手性化合物的高效拆分。
本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明毛细管气相色谱手性柱应用于气相色谱拆分手性化合物,本发明所制得的基于手性有机分子笼材料的毛细管柱对包括醇、二元醇、卤代烃、环氧化合物、酯、内酯、酮、醚、有机酸等在内的许多不同种类的手性化合物均表现出优秀的拆分性能,相比市售的一些气相色谱手性柱(如β-DEX 120毛细管柱)表现出明显的拆分优势;
2、本发明所使用的手性有机分子笼材料的合成原料价格低廉、合成方法简单。
3、本发明的色谱柱具有手性拆分效果好、制备方法简单、制柱成本相对较低、重现性好、稳定性好、可反复使用等特点。
附图说明
图1为本发明所使用的手性有机分子笼材料的分子结构示意图;
图2为本发明所制备的色谱柱的内壁和截面扫描电镜图;
图3为利用本发明色谱柱对部分手性化合物的拆分色谱图;
图4为利用本发明色谱柱和现有的商品β-DEX 120(30m×0.25mm i.d.×0.25μmfilm,Supelco Inc.,USA)毛细管手性气相色谱柱对一些手性化合物拆分效果的对比图;
图5为本发明色谱柱的重现性和稳定性测试色谱图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但附图和实施例并不是对本发明技术方案的限定,所有基于本发明教导所做出的变换,均属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
(1)手性有机分子笼材料的合成:取0.318g(1.5mmol)(1R,2R)-1,2-二苯基-1,2-乙二胺于100mL圆底烧瓶中,加入45mL二甲亚砜和5mL水,搅拌使其溶解;5分钟后,向上述溶液中加入0.178g(1mmol)2-羟基-1,3,5-均苯三甲醛,整个反应液密封,室温下搅拌反应2周;反应过程中逐渐有黄色固体产生,待反应2周后,过滤反应液,所得的固体用三氯甲烷和水洗涤3次,即得到该手性有机分子笼材料;
(2)毛细管内壁的粗糙化处理:将石英毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm i.d.)充入1mol/L的NaOH溶液并保持2小时使其内壁被NaOH反应腐蚀而变的粗糙,再用蒸馏水冲洗毛细管内壁1小时,然后用0.1mol/L的盐酸冲洗1小时,最后再用蒸馏水冲洗至洗出液呈中性;将毛细管柱一端接入到气相色谱仪进样口端,通入氮气在120℃条件下干燥5小时,即得到内壁粗糙化的毛细管柱;
(3)基于手性有机分子笼材料的毛细管柱制备:取步骤(1)制备得到的手性有机分子笼材料将其溶于二氯甲烷,配制成3.0mg/mL的二氯甲烷溶液,再将其与含4.5mg/mL OV-1701的二氯甲烷溶液等体积混合,将这个混合液充入到步骤(2)粗糙化处理好的毛细管柱中,采用静态制柱的方法,将毛细管柱一端密封,另一端连接真空泵,同时毛细管放在36℃的水浴中使毛细管内溶剂蒸发,固定相则均匀地沉积在毛细管柱内壁上,即得到所需制备的毛细管柱。
实施例2
用实施例1所得的毛细管柱测试其对手性化合物的拆分效果。拆分的色谱图见图3。图3中拆分的手性化合物及优化的色谱条件依次为:(A)1-苯基乙醇,柱温157℃,氮气线速度15.0cm s-1;(B)2-辛醇,柱温145℃,氮气线速度15.6cm s-1;(C)1,2-丁二醇,柱温170℃,氮气线速度16.7cm s-1;(D)1,2-二氯丁烷,柱温120℃,氮气线速度15.2cm s-1;(E)环氧溴丙烷,柱温120℃,氮气线速度16.1cm s-1;(F)1,2-环氧己烷,柱温125℃,氮气线速度16.4cm s-1;(G)3-羟基丁酸乙酯,柱温150℃,氮气线速度16.7cm s-1;(H)γ-癸内酯,柱温205℃,氮气线速度14.3cm s-1;(I)3-羟基-2-丁酮,柱温120℃,氮气线速度15.0cm s-1;(J)丙二醇单甲醚,柱温125℃,氮气线速度16.7cm s-1;(K)仲丁基甲醚,柱温90℃,氮气线速度16.7cm s-1;(L)2-甲基戊酸,柱温155℃,氮气线速度15.2cm s-1。其它色谱条件:高纯氮气为载气,进样口温度300℃,检测器温度300℃,分流比50:1。
由图3可知:本发明色谱柱对包括醇、二元醇、卤代烃、环氧化合物、酯、内酯、酮、醚、有机酸等在内的许多不同类型的手性化合物具有较好的手性拆分效果。
实施例3
用实施例1所得毛细管柱以及现有的商品β-DEX 120毛细管气相色谱柱对一些手性化合物(如2-辛醇、1,2-二氯丁烷、环氧溴丙烷、3-羟基丁酸甲酯、3-羟基丁酸乙酯、γ-癸内酯、丙二醇单甲醚以及仲丁基甲醚)进行拆分研究,对比其手性拆分效果,其对比的拆分效果色谱图见附图4。
由图4可知:2-辛醇、1,2-二氯丁烷、环氧溴丙烷、3-羟基丁酸甲酯、3-羟基丁酸乙酯、γ-癸内酯、丙二醇单甲醚以及仲丁基甲醚在现有的商品β-DEX 120毛细管柱上均没有得到拆分,而本发明色谱柱能够较好的拆分上述手性化合物,显示了本发明色谱柱相比现有的商品β-DEX 120毛细管柱的拆分优势。
实施例4
为了研究实施列1所得的毛细管柱的稳定性和再现性,将实施列1所得的色谱柱接入气相色谱仪,在260℃下放置老化5小时以及使用1个月、3个月、6个月后再对丙二醇单甲醚进行拆分研究,其拆分色谱图如附图5。色谱条件:高纯氮气为载气,进样口温度300℃,检测器温度300℃,分流比50:1,柱温125℃,氮气线速度16.7cm s-1。
由图5可知:实施列1所得的毛细管柱在260℃下放置老化5小时以及使用1个月、3个月、6个月后其对丙二醇单甲醚的拆分效果与使用之初没有明显变化,表明了本发明色谱柱具有较好的稳定性和再现性,有良好的实际应用前景。
Claims (1)
1.一种基于手性有机分子笼材料的毛细管气相色谱手性柱,其特征在于:该毛细管柱采用的是一种合成的手性有机分子笼材料为固定相,应用于气相色谱拆分手性化合物;
其具体制备方法为:
(1)手性有机分子笼材料的合成:以2-羟基-1,3,5-均苯三甲醛和(1R,2R)-1,2-二苯基-1,2-乙二胺为反应单体,二甲亚砜和水为溶剂,在摩尔比为2:3时,通过一步[4+6]环缩合反应,室温下搅拌反应2周;过滤反应液,所得的固体用三氯甲烷和水洗涤数次,即得到该手性有机分子笼材料;
(2)基于手性有机分子笼材料的毛细管柱制备:取步骤(1)制备得到的手性有机分子笼材料溶于挥发性有机溶剂配制成1.0~3.0mg/mL的溶液,再将其与1.0~4.5mg/mL的聚硅氧烷OV-1701溶液等体积混合,将这个混合液充入到内壁粗糙化处理过的毛细管柱中,采用静态制柱的方法制得基于手性有机分子笼材料的毛细管气相色谱手性柱。
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