CN111011872A - Method for preparing rice bran dietary fiber and rice bran starch by co-production of rice bran - Google Patents
Method for preparing rice bran dietary fiber and rice bran starch by co-production of rice bran Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing rice bran dietary fiber and rice bran starch by rice bran co-production. The method comprises the following steps: the rice bran or the defatted rice bran is used as a raw material, high-speed dispersion-water treatment is carried out, and starch is separated by a pulp sieving machine, so that the rice bran starch is recovered, and the cost of an enzyme preparation is reduced; the subsequent treatment with amylase and protease improves the purity of the rice bran dietary fiber, and the subsequent treatment with cellulase obtains water soluble dietary fiber and water insoluble dietary fiber, and improves the functional properties of the dietary fiber. The ball milling treatment improves the aroma and the taste of the rice bran insoluble dietary fiber. The method has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, environmental friendliness, low cost, high rice bran utilization rate, suitability for industrial production and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grain processing and utilization. In particular to a method for preparing rice bran dietary fiber and rice bran starch by rice bran co-production. The invention takes grain processing byproducts as raw materials, and rice bran starch, rice bran water-soluble dietary fiber products and water-insoluble dietary fiber products are obtained by proper processing, and the preparation method thereof.
Background
The rice bran is the most important byproduct in rice processing, and currently, the rice bran resource in China has the quantity of about 1000 ten thousand tons, so that the rice bran is a renewable resource with large quantity and wide range. According to statistics, most of rice bran in China is used as feed for poultry or discarded, and the utilization rate is very low. The rice bran is an important dietary fiber source, the dietary fiber has low energy content, has certain oil holding, water holding, oxidation resistance, cholesterol adsorption and other capabilities, has the functions of preventing constipation, adding satiety, reducing blood fat, reducing blood sugar and the like, and is a good resource. Dietary fibers can be classified into water-soluble dietary fibers and water-insoluble dietary fibers according to their water-solubility. The water-soluble dietary fiber is relatively viscous and mainly refers to polysaccharide substances. The water-insoluble dietary fiber mainly includes lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The physiological effects of water-soluble dietary fibers and water-insoluble dietary fibers differ. It is believed that water-soluble dietary fiber has functional properties of reducing blood glucose response, lowering blood cholesterol, and the like. Water-insoluble dietary fibers are associated with water absorption and intestinal regulation.
The main chemical components of rice bran include starch, protein and dietary fiber. The preparation of the rice bran dietary fiber is influenced by the existence of the rice bran starch, and the premise of preparing the dietary fiber is that the rice bran starch is removed firstly, so that a technical barrier of co-production of the dietary fiber and the rice bran starch is caused, and the comprehensive utilization rate of the rice bran is low. The document of the chinese patent publication No. CN201510629161.1 discloses that rice bran is soaked in 0.3% -0.6% NaOH solution, and then the amylase method is used to remove the starch from the rice bran, which results in that the rice bran starch cannot be recycled and the consumption cost of the amylase preparation is increased. The document of the invention patent publication No. CN101785831A of China prepares the rice bran dietary fiber by adding amylase, protease and cellulase, and has the problem that the consumption cost is too high when the rice bran starch and amylase preparation are not recycled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for comprehensively utilizing chemical components of rice bran and modifying rice bran dietary fiber. According to the invention, through the methods of high-speed dispersion-washing, enzyme extraction modification and ball milling modification, the comprehensive utilization rate of rice bran and the modification effect of rice bran dietary fiber are improved, rice bran starch, rice bran water-soluble dietary fiber and rice bran water-insoluble dietary fiber products are obtained, the comprehensive utilization rate of rice bran is improved, and the cost of an enzyme preparation is reduced.
The specific technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing rice bran dietary fiber and rice bran starch by rice bran co-production takes rice bran or defatted rice bran after impurity removal as a raw material, and rice bran starch, rice bran water-soluble dietary fiber and rice bran water-insoluble dietary fiber are obtained after high-speed dispersion-water washing, enzyme extraction modification and ball milling modification, and the preparation steps are as follows:
(1) high-speed dispersion-washing: soaking the rice bran or defatted rice bran in water with pH of 6.5-8.5 at a ratio of 1:3-1:6, treating with high speed disperser at 3000-25000 r for 2-30 min, and sieving and separating. And carrying out high-speed dispersion treatment on the residues left on the sieve plate for 2-3 times, then carrying out screening and washing separation on the residues through a pulp screening machine, and collecting the residues separated by the last screening and washing for carrying out enzymolysis in the next step. And collecting filtrate of the pulp screening machine, performing centrifugal separation to obtain a starch concentrate, and further cleaning, concentrating and drying to obtain the starch. The waste water after centrifugal separation can be reused for high-speed dispersion treatment of rice bran or washing water of a pulp screening machine;
(2) compound enzymolysis: and (3) carrying out enzymolysis on residues on the sieve plate by using amylase and protease, then carrying out suction filtration for solid-liquid separation, and collecting solid residues, namely rice bran dietary fibers for carrying out cellulase enzymolysis modification. After the enzymolysis of the cellulase is finished, carrying out suction filtration, collecting solid residues, drying to obtain water-insoluble dietary fibers, concentrating filtrate after suction filtration, precipitating with ethanol, and drying to obtain water-soluble dietary fibers;
(3) ball milling treatment: placing the water-insoluble dietary fiber modified by the cellulase in a ball mill, wherein the ball milling medium is stainless steel, the diameter is 6-10 mm, the filling rate is 60-80%, the rotating speed is 200-600 r/min, and the reaction time is 60-360 min, so that the rice bran dietary fiber with aromatic smell and good taste is obtained.
For the sake of simplicity, the method for co-producing rice bran dietary fiber and rice bran starch by using rice bran according to the present invention is hereinafter referred to as the present method.
As the optimization of the method, the composite enzymolysis process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(a) regulating the pH value to 6-7 by using HCl, adding 0-100 u/g high-temperature α -amylase, stirring and reacting at 90-100 ℃ for 30-60 min, adding 5-40 u/g alkaline protease, stirring and reacting at 40-60 ℃ and pH of 8.0-10.0 for 60-90 min, stirring at the rotation speed of 100r/min, heating to 100 ℃ for reaction for 20min, performing suction filtration, washing precipitates with water for 3-5 times, taking the lower-layer precipitates to obtain rice bran dietary fiber slurry for later use, or drying the obtained rice bran dietary fiber slurry to obtain rice bran dietary fibers, wherein the drying temperature is lower than 60 ℃;
(b) enzymolysis of cellulase: soaking the rice bran dietary fiber slurry in an acetic acid-sodium acetate solution with the pH value of 4.0-5.5, reacting at the temperature of 45-60 ℃ for 120-420 min at the material-liquid ratio of 1:6-1:12 and with the cellulase amount of 1.0-6.0%, stirring for reaction at the stirring speed of 100r/min, heating to 100 ℃ after the reaction is finished, reacting for 20min, then performing suction filtration, washing the precipitate with water for 3-5 times, and drying the filter residue to obtain the water-insoluble dietary fiber, wherein the drying temperature is lower than 60 ℃. Concentrating the collected filtrate under the conditions of pressure of 0.03MPa-0.09MPa and temperature of 50-80 ℃ to 1/2-2/3 of the original volume, adding 95% ethanol with 2-6 times of volume of the concentrated volume, stirring, standing, and freeze-drying the precipitate to obtain the water-soluble dietary fiber.
As a further optimization of the method, the temperature of the rice bran high-speed dispersion in the step (1) is 25-60 ℃;
the diameter of a screen hole of the screen pulp machine in the step (1) is 74-75 microns;
the rotating speed of the centrifugal machine used in the step (1) is 4000r.min-1And the centrifugation time is 5-10 min.
The rice bran ball milling in the step (3) adopts an intermittent ball milling mode, and the ball milling temperature is less than 60 ℃.
Compared with the prior art and products, the invention has the following remarkable characteristics:
1. the invention adopts high-speed dispersion-water washing, uses amylase and protease to treat and remove starch and protein of rice bran to improve the purity of dietary fiber, and then uses cellulase and ball milling treatment to extract the modified rice bran dietary fiber. The method has the advantages of recovering rice bran starch, reducing consumption cost of enzyme preparation, and improving purity and functional properties of rice bran dietary fiber. Meanwhile, the water-soluble dietary fiber and the water-insoluble dietary fiber can be prepared, so that the comprehensive utilization rate of the rice bran is improved, and the economic benefit and the social benefit of the rice bran are improved.
2. The method for treating the rice bran dietary fiber by using the cellulase for enzymolysis and using the ball mill improves the aromatic smell and the taste of the rice bran dietary fiber.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Detailed Description
The measurement method and calculation method of the index in the example:
(1) the dietary fiber yield was calculated as follows:
dietary fiber yield (%) ═ dietary fiber mass (g)/sample mass (g) × 100% (1)
(2) The starch yield was calculated as follows:
starch yield (%) ═ starch mass (g)/sample mass (g) × 100% (2)
(3) Measurement of oil holding force
Accurately weighing 0.5g dietary fiber and corn oil with proper mass in a 25ml centrifuge tube, keeping the temperature and oscillating for 1h at 37 ℃, centrifuging for 25min at the rotating speed of 4000r/min, discarding the corn oil on the upper layer after the centrifugation is finished, sucking excessive water and grease on the tube wall by using filter paper, weighing the residual precipitate, and carrying out parallel determination for 3 times. The calculation formula is as follows:
oil retention (g/g) — (M)2-M1)/M1(3)
Note: m1Mass (g) for dry samples; m2Mass (g) of the wet sample
(4) Determination of the expansive force
Accurately weighing 0.5g of dietary fiber, placing in a 10mL measuring cylinder, reading the volume of the sample just placed in the test tube, accurately adding 5mL of distilled water, shaking uniformly, keeping the temperature at 37 ℃ for 24h, reading the volume of the sample after swelling, and performing parallel determination for three times. The calculation formula is as follows:
expansion force(mL/g)＝(W2-W1)/M0(4)
Note: w2Volume after expansion change (mL) for wet samples; w1Volume (mL) put into graduated cylinder for dry sample; m0Mass (g) for dry sample
(5) Measurement of Water holding Capacity
Weighing 1g of sample, putting the sample into a 250ml beaker, adding 70ml of distilled water, adding distilled water at 37 ℃, keeping the temperature for 12 hours, putting the beaker into a 4000r/min centrifuge, centrifuging for 20 minutes, taking out the beaker, pouring a layer of liquid on the upper layer in the centrifuge, weighing, and carrying out parallel determination for 3 times. The calculation formula is as follows:
water holding capacity (g/g) ═ M1-M0)/M0(5)
Note: m1Mass (g) of the wet sample after centrifugation; m0Mass (g) of oven-dried sample before centrifugation
(6) Determination of Cholesterol adsorbing Capacity
Weighing 1g of sample in a beaker, adding 50g of egg yolk emulsion fully stirred and diluted by 9 times of distilled water, adjusting the pH value of the system to 7.0, mixing well, carrying out heat preservation oscillation at 37 ℃ for 2h at the rotating speed of 120r/min, then centrifuging at the rotating speed of 3000r/min for 20min, sucking the supernatant, measuring the absorbance of the supernatant at 550nm according to the drawing method of a cholesterol standard curve, and taking the yolk before no adsorption as a reference.
Calculating the formula: cholesterol adsorption capacity ═ Q (Q)1-Q2)/W (6)
Note: in the formula Q1The cholesterol content (mg) before adsorption; q2As the content of cholesterol after adsorption (mg); w is the mass (g) of the oven-dried sample
(7) Determination of DPPH clearance
Accurately weighing 2g of dietary fiber, placing the dietary fiber in a beaker, and mixing the dietary fiber and the dietary fiber according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1: adding 55% alcohol into 10, ultrasonic treating for 1 hr under 250W ultrasonic wave, and filtering to obtain clear filtrate. Taking 2mL of clear filtrate in the determination process, adding 2mL of absolute alcohol, uniformly shaking by vortex, and placing in a dark place for reaction for 30 min. Absolute alcohol as a blank, which was then measured at 517nmAbsorbance A of1. Wherein A is0Is blank, A2As a control.
Calculating the formula: DPPH clearance ═ 1- (A)1-A2)/A0]×100％ (7)
Example 1:
(1) high-speed dispersion-washing: dispersing defatted rice bran in a high-speed dispersion machine according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:3 at the rotation speed of 4000 rpm for 20 minutes, wherein the pH value of rice bran slurry is 8.0, the dispersion temperature is 55 ℃, and placing the rice bran slurry on a pulp screening machine for primary screening and washing separation after primary separation and stagnation. The residue left on the sieve plate is subjected to high-speed dispersion treatment for 2 times and then is subjected to screening and washing separation by a pulp screening machine. Collecting filtrate of each pulp screen, precipitating, and centrifuging at 4000r.min-1The time is 10min, after centrifugal separation, starch concentrate is obtained, and after further washing, concentration and drying, the starch is obtained, and the yield is 27 percent (relative to the mass of the raw materials). And collecting the residues after the last screening and washing at 55 ℃ for drying, wherein the yield is 26% (relative to the mass of the raw materials), and carrying out the next composite enzymolysis process experiment.
(2) The composite enzymolysis process comprises the following steps: adding 50u/g of high-temperature alpha-amylase into residues on a sieve plate and water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:10, wherein the pH is 6.5, the reaction time is 60min, the reaction temperature is 95 ℃ for carrying out amylase enzymolysis, after the reaction is finished, adjusting the pH of a sample to 8.2, adding 5u/g of alkaline protease, the reaction temperature is 60 ℃, the reaction time is 60min, and the rotating speed is 120 r/min. After the reaction is finished, heating to 100 ℃ for reaction for 20min, filtering to remove filtrate, and drying at 55 ℃ to obtain the rice bran dietary fiber, wherein the yield is 78%. The water holding capacity of the rice bran dietary fiber is 4.55 +/-0.09 g/g, the oil holding capacity is 4.28 +/-0.11 g/g, the expansibility is 2.32 +/-0.05 mL/g, the capacity of adsorbing cholesterol is 30.5 +/-0.6 g/kg, the DPPH free radical clearance is 86.21 +/-0.58%, (b) the cellulase modification: soaking the rice bran dietary fiber slurry in an acetic acid-sodium acetate solution with the pH value of 4.5, reacting at the temperature of 50 ℃, the cellulase dosage of 5.0 percent, the reaction time of 180min and the material-liquid ratio of 1:8, heating to 100 ℃ after the reaction is finished, reacting for 20min, then performing suction filtration, washing the precipitate with water for 3 times, and drying the filter residue at the temperature of 55 ℃ to obtain the water-insoluble dietary fiber. The yield of water-insoluble dietary fiber was 80.0%. The water holding capacity of the insoluble dietary fiber is 5.02 +/-0.03 g/g, the oil holding capacity is 5.53 +/-0.10 g/g, the expansibility is 2.56 +/-0.08 mL/g, the capacity of adsorbing cholesterol is 58.3 +/-0.8 g/kg, and the DPPH free radical clearance is 88.86 +/-0.88 percent. Concentrating the collected filtrate under the conditions of pressure of 0.09MPa and temperature of 60 ℃ to 2/3 of the original volume, adding 95% ethanol with 5 times of volume into the concentrated volume, stirring, standing, and freeze-drying the precipitate to obtain the water-soluble dietary fiber, wherein the yield of the water-soluble dietary fiber is 4.0%. The water-soluble dietary fiber was found to have an ability to adsorb cholesterol of 100.5. + -. 0.8g/kg and DPPH radical clearance of 91.21. + -. 0.58%. Therefore, the cellulase modification improves the water holding capacity, the oil holding capacity and the cholesterol adsorption capacity of the rice bran dietary fiber. Meanwhile, the cholesterol absorption capacity and DPPH free radical removal capacity of the water-soluble dietary fiber are higher than those of the water-insoluble dietary fiber.
(3) The ball milling treatment process comprises the following steps: placing the water-insoluble dietary fiber modified by the cellulase in a ball mill, wherein the ball milling medium is stainless steel, the diameter is 10mm, the filling rate is 80%, the rotating speed is 300r/min, reacting for 60min, and performing intermittent ball milling at the ball milling temperature of less than 60 ℃ to obtain the rice bran dietary fiber with fragrant smell after ball milling modification.
Example 2:
(1) high-speed dispersion-washing: dispersing defatted rice bran in a high-speed dispersion machine according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:4 at a rotation speed of 20000 rpm for 5 minutes, wherein the pH of rice bran slurry is 7.5, the dispersion temperature is 50 ℃, and placing the rice bran slurry on a pulp screening machine for primary screening and washing separation after primary dispersion is finished. The residue left on the sieve plate is subjected to high-speed dispersion treatment for 2 times and then is subjected to screening and washing separation by a pulp screening machine. Collecting filtrate of a pulp screening machine, precipitating, and then performing centrifugal separation at the rotating speed of 4000r.min-1And the time is 8min, after centrifugal separation, starch concentrate is obtained, and after further cleaning, concentration and drying, the starch is obtained, and the yield is 24 percent (relative to the mass of the raw materials). The residue remaining on the sieve plate was collected and dried at 55 ℃ in a yield of 25% (relative to the mass of the starting material).
(2) The composite enzymolysis process comprises the following steps: adding 30u/g of high-temperature alpha-amylase into residues on a sieve plate and water according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:8, wherein the pH is 6.8, the reaction time is 45min, the reaction temperature is 90 ℃ for carrying out starch enzymolysis, after the reaction is finished, adjusting the pH of a sample to 8.5, adding 10u/g of alkaline protease, the reaction temperature is 55 ℃, the reaction time is 75min, and the rotating speed is 120 r/min. After the reaction is finished, heating to 100 ℃ for reaction for 20min, filtering to remove filtrate, and drying to obtain the rice bran dietary fiber with the yield of 76%. The water holding capacity of the rice bran dietary fiber is 4.35 +/-0.11 g/g, the oil holding capacity is 4.28 +/-0.13 g/g, the expansibility is 2.43 +/-0.09 mL/g, the capacity of adsorbing cholesterol is 29.8 +/-0.6 g/kg, and the DPPH free radical clearance is 85.89 +/-0.43 percent. (b) Modification of cellulase: soaking the rice bran dietary fiber slurry in an acetic acid-sodium acetate solution with the pH value of 4.2, uniformly stirring, reacting at the temperature of 55 ℃, the cellulase dosage of 4.0 percent, the reaction time of 150min and the material-liquid ratio of 1:7, heating to 100 ℃ after the reaction is finished, reacting for 20min, then performing suction filtration, washing and precipitating for 3 times with water, and drying filter residues at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the water-insoluble dietary fiber. The yield of water-insoluble dietary fiber was 81.0%. The water holding capacity of the insoluble dietary fiber is 5.12 +/-0.05 g/g, the oil holding capacity is 5.61 +/-0.13 g/g, the swelling capacity is 2.60 +/-0.10 mL/g, the cholesterol adsorption capacity is 59.3 +/-0.6 g/kg, and the DPPH free radical clearance rate is 88.65 +/-0.68 percent, the collected filtrate is concentrated to 2/3 of the original volume under the conditions of the pressure of 0.08MPa and the temperature of 70 ℃, 95 percent ethanol with 4 times of the volume is added into the concentrated volume, the mixture is stirred and then is kept stand, the precipitate is dried to obtain the water-soluble dietary fiber, and the yield of the water-soluble dietary fiber is 4.2 percent. The water-soluble dietary fiber was found to have a cholesterol adsorbing capacity of 100.2. + -. 0.5g/kg and a DPPH radical scavenging rate of 91.31. + -. 0.48%. Therefore, the cellulase modification improves the water holding capacity, the oil holding capacity and the cholesterol adsorption capacity of the rice bran dietary fiber. Meanwhile, the cholesterol absorption capacity and DPPH free radical removal capacity of the water-soluble dietary fiber are higher than those of the water-insoluble dietary fiber.
(3) The ball milling treatment process comprises the following steps: placing the water-insoluble dietary fiber modified by the cellulase in a ball mill, wherein the ball milling medium is stainless steel, the diameter is 6mm, the filling rate is 70%, the rotating speed is 400r/min, reacting for 240min, and performing intermittent ball milling at the ball milling temperature of less than 60 ℃ to obtain the rice bran dietary fiber with fragrant smell after ball milling modification.
Example 3:
(1) high-speed dispersion-washing: removing impurities from defatted rice bran, dispersing in a high-speed dispersion machine at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:5, wherein the pH of rice bran slurry is 8.2, the dispersion temperature is 52 ℃, and placing the rice bran slurry on a pulp screening machine for primary screening and washing separation after primary separation. The residue left on the sieve plate is subjected to high-speed dispersion treatment for 2 times and then is subjected to screening and washing separation by a pulp screening machine. Collecting filtrate of a pulp screening machine, precipitating, and then performing centrifugal separation at the rotating speed of 4000r.min-1And the time is 10min, after centrifugal separation, starch concentrate is obtained, and after further washing, concentration and drying, the starch is obtained, and the yield is 25 percent (relative to the mass of the raw materials). The residue remaining on the sieve plate was collected and dried at 60 ℃ in a yield of 24% (relative to the mass of the starting material).
(2) The composite enzymolysis process comprises the following steps: adding 20u/g of high-temperature alpha-amylase into residues on a sieve plate and water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:10, wherein the pH is 6.9, the reaction time is 30min, the reaction temperature is 95 ℃ for carrying out starch enzymolysis, after the reaction is finished, adjusting the pH of a sample to 8.3, adding 20u/g of alkaline protease, the reaction temperature is 60 ℃, the reaction time is 90min, and the rotating speed is 100 r/min. After the reaction is finished, heating to 100 ℃ for reaction for 20min, filtering, removing filtrate, and drying to obtain the rice bran dietary fiber with the yield of 79%. The water holding capacity of the rice bran dietary fiber is 4.29 +/-0.25 g/g, the oil holding capacity is 4.26 +/-0.15 g/g, the expansibility is 2.38 +/-0.11 mL/g, the capacity of adsorbing cholesterol is 28.6 +/-0.8 g/kg, and the DPPH free radical clearance is 86.31 +/-0.32 percent. (b) Modification of cellulase: soaking the rice bran dietary fiber slurry in an acetic acid-sodium acetate solution with the pH value of 4.3, uniformly stirring, reacting at the temperature of 60 ℃, the cellulase dosage of 6.0 percent, the reaction time of 420min and the material-liquid ratio of 1:9, heating to 100 ℃ after the reaction is finished, reacting for 20min, then performing suction filtration, washing and precipitating for 3 times with water, and drying filter residues to obtain the water-insoluble dietary fiber. The yield of water-insoluble dietary fiber was 82.0%. The water holding capacity of the rice bran dietary fiber is 5.18 +/-0.09 g/g, the oil holding capacity is 5.72 +/-0.16 g/g, the expansibility is 2.82 +/-0.13 mL/g, the capacity of adsorbing cholesterol is 60.1 +/-0.5 g/kg, and the DPPH free radical clearance is 87.89 +/-0.38%. Concentrating the collected filtrate under the conditions of pressure of 0.05MPa and temperature of 80 ℃ to 1/2 of the original volume, adding 95% ethanol with 6 times of volume of the concentrated filtrate, stirring, standing, and drying the precipitate to obtain the water-soluble dietary fiber, wherein the yield of the water-soluble dietary fiber is 4.3%. The water-soluble dietary fiber has cholesterol adsorption capacity of 100.5 + -0.2 g/kg and DPPH free radical clearance rate of 90.89 + -0.32%. Therefore, the cellulase modification improves the water holding capacity, the oil holding capacity and the cholesterol adsorption capacity of the rice bran dietary fiber. Meanwhile, the cholesterol absorption capacity and DPPH free radical removal capacity of the water-soluble dietary fiber are higher than those of the water-insoluble dietary fiber.
(3) The ball milling treatment process comprises the following steps: placing the water-insoluble dietary fiber modified by the cellulase in a ball mill, wherein the ball milling medium is stainless steel, the diameter is 10mm, the filling rate is 50%, the rotating speed is 500r/min, reacting for 360min, and performing intermittent ball milling at the ball milling temperature of less than 60 ℃ to obtain the rice bran dietary fiber with fragrant smell and good taste.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing rice bran dietary fiber and rice bran starch by rice bran co-production comprises the following process steps:
(1) high-speed dispersion-washing: soaking the rice bran or defatted rice bran in water with pH of 6.5-8.5 at a ratio of 1:3-1:6, treating with high speed disperser at 3000-25000 r for 2-30 min, and sieving and separating. And carrying out high-speed dispersion treatment on the residues left on the sieve plate for 2-3 times, then carrying out screening and washing separation on the residues through a pulp screening machine, and collecting the residues separated by the last screening and washing for carrying out enzymolysis in the next step. And collecting filtrate of the pulp screening machine, performing centrifugal separation to obtain a starch concentrate, and further cleaning, concentrating and drying to obtain the starch. The waste water after centrifugal separation can be reused for high-speed dispersion treatment of rice bran or washing water of a pulp screening machine;
(2) compound enzymolysis: and (3) carrying out enzymolysis on residues on the sieve plate by using amylase and protease, then carrying out suction filtration for solid-liquid separation, and collecting solid residues, namely rice bran dietary fibers for carrying out cellulase enzymolysis modification. After the enzymolysis of the cellulase is finished, carrying out suction filtration, collecting solid residues, drying to obtain water-insoluble dietary fibers, concentrating filtrate after suction filtration, precipitating with ethanol, and drying to obtain water-soluble dietary fibers;
(3) ball milling treatment: placing the water-insoluble dietary fiber modified by the cellulase in a ball mill, wherein the ball milling medium is stainless steel, the diameter is 6-10 mm, the filling rate is 60-80%, the rotating speed is 200-600 r/min, and the reaction time is 60-360 min, so that the rice bran dietary fiber with aromatic smell and good taste is obtained.
2. The method for coproducing rice bran dietary fiber and rice bran starch according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the composite enzymolysis process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(a) extracting amylase and protease, namely adjusting the pH value to 6-7 by using HCl, adding 0-100 u/g high-temperature α -amylase, stirring and reacting for 30-60 min at 90-100 ℃, adding 5-40 u/g alkaline protease, stirring and reacting for 60-90 min at 40-60 ℃ and under the condition of pH8.0-10.0, stirring at the rotation speed of 100r/min and heating to 100 ℃ for reaction for 20min, then performing suction filtration, washing precipitates for 3-5 times by using water, taking lower-layer precipitates to obtain rice bran dietary fiber slurry for later use, or drying the obtained rice bran dietary fiber slurry to obtain rice bran dietary fibers, wherein the drying temperature is less than 60 ℃;
(b) enzymolysis of cellulase: soaking the rice bran dietary fiber slurry in an acetic acid-sodium acetate solution with the pH value of 4.0-5.5, reacting at the temperature of 45-60 ℃ for 120-420 min at the material-liquid ratio of 1:6-1:12 and with the cellulase amount of 1.0-6.0%, stirring for reaction at the stirring speed of 100r/min, heating to 100 ℃ after the reaction is finished, reacting for 20min, then performing suction filtration, washing the precipitate with water for 3-5 times, and drying the filter residue to obtain the water-insoluble dietary fiber, wherein the drying temperature is lower than 60 ℃. Concentrating the collected filtrate under the conditions of pressure of 0.03MPa-0.09MPa and temperature of 50-80 ℃ to 1/2-2/3 of the original volume, adding 95% ethanol with 2-6 times of volume of the concentrated volume, stirring, standing, and freeze-drying the precipitate to obtain the water-soluble dietary fiber.
3. The method for coproducing rice bran dietary fiber and rice bran starch according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rice bran dietary fiber and the rice bran starch are prepared by the following steps:
the high-speed dispersion temperature of the rice bran in the step (1) is 25-60 ℃;
the diameter of a screen hole of the screen pulp machine in the step (1) is 74-75 microns;
the rotating speed of the centrifugal machine in the step (1) is 4000r.min-1And the centrifugation time is 5-10 min.
4. The method for coproducing rice bran dietary fiber and rice bran starch according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rice bran dietary fiber and the rice bran starch are prepared by the following steps:
the rice bran ball milling in the step (3) adopts an intermittent ball milling mode, and the ball milling temperature is less than 60 ℃.
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